Abstract In the present investigation, a number of experiments have been conducted for mineraliza... more Abstract In the present investigation, a number of experiments have been conducted for mineralization of wastewater containing methyl orange (MO) in integrated biofilm bioreactor with coconut fiber as natural bio-material. The color removal expected from the standard curve of dye versus optical density at its maximum absorption wavelength (460 nm) were 87% and COD removals were 69%. Pseudomonas putida showed a strong ability to decolorize methyl orange under aerobic conditions at pH 7.0 and ambient temperature were considered to be the optimum decolorizing conditions under static state. The spectral analysis of UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) corrugated the metabolic products formed during the degradation. The nutritional profile of wheat grains irrigated with TTW has enhanced with respect to Energy 241%, Carbohydrate 212% and Protein 402% in comparison to grains obtained on irrigation with Textile wastewater (TWW).
Biofilms contain cluster of microorganisms that are found to be associated with the biotic and ab... more Biofilms contain cluster of microorganisms that are found to be associated with the biotic and abiotic surfaces. Biofilm formation is a dynamic process and different mechanisms are involved in their attachment and growth. The formation of microbial biofilms is an important reason for failure of antimicrobial therapy. Biofilm-associated infections represent one of the major threats of modern medicine. Consequently, various preventive and control strategies like mechanical, physical and chemical methods can be appropriately applied for controlling biofilm formation or eradicate mature biofilm. The present review will focus on describing the effective bio control and removal of biofilms. These newer bio control strategies are considered as ecofriendly and cost effective method in terms of therapeutic.
A preliminary investigation was performed about the presence of industrially important thermophil... more A preliminary investigation was performed about the presence of industrially important thermophilic bacteria in the hot springs and in its vicinity near Beramhapur, Orissa state, India. Out of 20 to 30 clones, the randomly picked up two clones of bacterium samples, one each from a soil and water, had been taken for the laboratory experiments. The cells isolated from soil and water samples stained gram negative, is rod shaped and non acid-fast organism, and positive for endospore staining. The temperature range for growth at a pH of 7.5 was between 37.5°C and 60°C with optimum growth at 50°C. Growth was inhibited by ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, cefadroxil and doxicycline, and cells showed positive protease, catalase and DNase activity, and lipase and oxidase activity was absent in them. The staining, morphological, biochemical, growth parameters, antibiotic studies proved that the bacteria are of gram negative and rod shaped nearer to the Escheritia coli cell type.
Abstract The disposal of fly ash as a by-product of incineration of coal is a more significant pr... more Abstract The disposal of fly ash as a by-product of incineration of coal is a more significant problem than ash produced from burning of municipal solid wastes, sugarcane bagasse, rice husks or tea dusts because of its volume. The present investigation aims at upgrading alumina in coal fly ash (CFA) through bioleaching, using Bacillus barbaricus (silicate bacterium) isolated from Taptapani hot spring, Odisha. Bioleaching has been done after washing CFA (WCFA) with water and the result obtained is compared with the results obtained by bioleaching of unwashed CFA (UCFA). The concentration of alumina in washed coal fly ash has increased to 34.72% from an initial concentration of 25.45% after 60 days. The residue also shows a reduction of silica content from an initial concentration of 62.14% to 40.71% after 60 days. All the experimental results are corroborated with chemical analysis as well as through characterization process. Thus present finding has opened an avenue for enrichment of CFA with respect to alumina which may be suitable for aluminum extraction. In addition, by-product may be used for production of silica sol.
Polyene antibiotics are antifungal agents. They interact with cell membrane sterols and form pore... more Polyene antibiotics are antifungal agents. They interact with cell membrane sterols and form pores in the membrane. All the cell constituents will leak through the pores and finally cell death occurs. Results of this paper have demonstrated that the specific phospholipids mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which have been used to find out the the mechanism of action of antibiotic nystatin, by using the techniques of growth, viability and amino acid influx altered the sensitivity. The acquired resistance of phospholipids enriched cells as judged from (i) growth and viability could be dissociated (ii) the effect of antibiotics on the transport of amino acids was different from that of growth, viability and binding, which may due to the fact that membrane permeability changes could be dissociated. Further, the mutants, which accumulate PC (phosphatidyl choline) or PE (phosphatidyl ethanolamine) or PS (phospholipids serine) in the cell membrane, altered the sensitivity of antibiotic nystatin by non-specific binding of antibiotic to phospholipids. Further, these results would help for the pathogenesis control of Candida albicans, which is pathogenic yeast.
In the present study, artificial neural network (ANN) modelling coupled with particle swarm optim... more In the present study, artificial neural network (ANN) modelling coupled with particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to optimize the process variables for enhanced low density polyethylene (LDPE) degradation by Curvularia lunata SG1. In the non-linear ANN model, temperature, pH, contact time and agitation were used as input variables and polyethylene bio-degradation as the output variable. Further, on application of PSO to the ANN model, the optimum values of the process parameters were as follows: pH = 7.6, temperature = 37.97°C, agitation rate = 190.48 rpm and incubation time = 261.95 days. A comparison between the model results and experimental data gave a high correlation coefficient (R 2 ANN ¼ 0:999). Significant enhancement of LDPE bio-degradation using C. lunata SG1by about 48 % was achieved under optimum conditions. Thus, the novelty of the work lies in the application of combination of ANN-PSO as optimization strategy to enhance the bio-degradation of LDPE.
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2015
Abstract Biodegradation is considered to take place throughout three stages: biodeterioration, bi... more Abstract Biodegradation is considered to take place throughout three stages: biodeterioration, biofragmentation and assimilation, without neglect the participation of abiotic factors. However, most of the techniques used by researchers in this area are inadequate to provide evidence of the final stage: assimilation. In this review, we describe the different stages of biodegradation and we state several techniques used by some authors working in this domain. Validate assimilation (including mineralization) is an important aspect to guarantee the real biodegradability of items of consumption (in particular friendly environmental new materials). Since LDPE is considered to be practically inert, efforts were made to isolate unique microorganisms capable of utilizing LDPEs. Recent data showed that biodegradation of LDPE waste with selected microbial strains became a viable solution. Among biological agents, microbial enzymes are one of the most powerful tools for the biodegradation of LDPEs. Activity of biodegradation of most enzymes is higher in fungi than in bacteria. It is important to consider fungal degradation of LDPE in order to understand what is necessary for biodegradation and the mechanisms involved. This requires understanding of the interactions between materials and microorganisms and the biochemical changes involved. Widespread studies on the biodegradation of LDPEs have been carried out in order to overcome the environmental problems associated with LDPE waste. This paper reviews the current research on the biodegradation of LDPEs and also use of various techniques for the analysis of degradation in vitro.
Background: Amylases play a vital role in biotechnological studies and rank an important position... more Background: Amylases play a vital role in biotechnological studies and rank an important position in the world enzyme market (25% to33%). Bioprocess method of amylase production is more effective than the other sources, since the technique is easy, cost effective, fast, and the enzymes of required properties can be procured. Objectives: The current study aimed to report the characteristics of novel amylase producing bacterial strains isolated from Taptapani hot spring, Odisha, India. Materials and Methods: Bacterial strains were isolated by dilution plating method from the water samples collected from Taptapani Hot Spring, Odisha and screened for amylase production through starch hydrolysis. The bacterial isolates were identified morphologically, biochemically, and finally by 16S rDNA profiling. Results: Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics and the molecular characterization, the isolates SS1, SS2, and SS3 were identified as Bacillus barbaricus, Aeromonas veroni, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, respectively. The approximate molecular weight of enzymes from SS1, SS2, and SS3 strains were 19 kDa, 56 kDa and 49 kDa, respectively. Conclusions: The current report isolates, characterizes, and demonstrates the novel heat-adapted amylase-producing bacteria SS1, SS2 and SS3 from Taptapani hot spring, indicating its potentiality and stability under acidic conditions.
The nature of microbial communities and their relation to enzyme activities in the Taptapani hot ... more The nature of microbial communities and their relation to enzyme activities in the Taptapani hot spring Odisha, India, is a neglected area of investigation. To address this, the microbial diversity, enzyme activities and the physicochemical factors of the hot spring water were studied. Organisms were identified using the 16S rDNA, 28S rDNA and 18S region of rDNA for bacteria, fungi and algae, respectively, after amplification by the polymerase chain reaction. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced gel electrophoresis bands revealed a great diversity of microorganisms. Based on morphology, nine groups of bacteria, three groups of fungi and four groups of algae were dominant during all seasons. The growth behavior of the selected isolates was studied at different elevated temperatures which revealed that all ten isolates (six bacteria, three fungi and one alga) were able to grow in the temperature range of 50-80 • C and at pH 4-9. Maximum temperature and pH for the amylase activity were found to be 80 and 9 • C, respectively, while an optimum amylase activity was observed at 60 • C and pH 9. Considerable activity was observed at both acidic and alkaline pH (4.0-10.0), suggesting wide technical applications for these enzymes and indicating that these enzymes are novel.
Problem Statement: Since the site selected for screening was a source of magnetite, the objective... more Problem Statement: Since the site selected for screening was a source of magnetite, the objective of this study was to isolate some groups of magnetotactic bacteria and microbes with potential of metal accumulation. Approach: The culture based approach was used for the study. Pure isolates obtained were characterized on the basis of morphology, biochemical tests, physiology as well as at the 16S rDNA based molecular level. They were screened for their metal accumulating ability. Results: Five pure bacterial isolates were obtained by culture dependent method, isolation being done on a modified Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum specific medium (DSMZ-380). These isolates not only exhibited morphological variation as found from Environmnetal Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM), but their cell surface also varied greatly in composition which was confirmed from various staining. Similarly another observed fact was that inspite of the same source of isolation, these strains exhibited a varied temperature and pH tolerance which indicates the diversity in the population. 16S rDNA based analysis shows the molecular identification and real time PCR based pathogenecity analysis proved that they lacked S. aureus or P. aeruginosa like pathogenic gene(s). The isolates were screened for metal accumulating property and all were found to tolerate a wide range of heavy metals and among them certain strains bear high potential of accumulation of metals like copper and chromium. Conclusion: This study reports the isolation and characterization of 5 novel bacterial isolates from the mining area of Andhra Pradesh, India revealing its rich biodiversity. It also points towards the ability of media DSMZ-380 to support growth of metal accumulating non-magnetotactic isolates.
In the present investigation, a number of experiments have been conducted to isolate microbial st... more In the present investigation, a number of experiments have been conducted to isolate microbial strains from Taptapani Hot Spring Odisha, India for bioremediation of cadmium and lead. The strains Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SS1), Aeromonas veronii (SS2) and Bacillus barbaricus (SS3) have shown better adaptation to metal tolerance test, with different concentrations of cadmium and lead and hence have been selected for further studies of metal microbial interaction and optimization. The results of bioremediation process indicate that consortium of thermophilic isolates adsorbed heavy metals more effectively than the individually treated isolates. Therefore, A 24 full factorial central composite design has been employed to analyze the effect of metal ion concentration, microbial concentration and time on removal of heavy metals with consortium. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows a high coefficient of determination value. The kinetic data have been fitted to pseudo-first order and second-order models. The isotherm equilibrium data have been well fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The optimum removal conditions determined for initial ion concentration was 0.3g/l; contact time 72h; microbial concentration, 3ml/l; and pH 7. At optimum adsorption conditions, the adsorption of cadmium and lead are found to be 92% and 93%, respectively, and presence of metals was confirmed through EDS analysis.
Abstract In the present investigation the production and characterization of a thermostable alpha... more Abstract In the present investigation the production and characterization of a thermostable alpha-amylase enzyme from hot spring isolates Alcaligenes faecalis SSB17 has been studied. The individual and combined effect of temperature, pH and time has been investigated on the production of enzyme in four media (Luria Bertani, Nutrient Media, Semi-Synthetic Media l and Semi-Synthetic Media 2) using Box–Behnken design (BBD). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows high coefficient values of determination for each medium and satisfactory prediction second order regression models has been derived. Enzyme purification has been carried out by ammonium sulfate precipitation and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Maximum purification has been obtained by SEC with 60 fold. SDS-PAGE of the purified enzyme has shown the presence of a single band associated with the amylase enzyme, having a molecular weight of 52 kDa
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2015
Abstract Biodegradation is considered to take place throughout three stages: biodeterioration, bi... more Abstract Biodegradation is considered to take place throughout three stages: biodeterioration, biofragmentation and assimilation, without neglect the participation of abiotic factors. However, most of the techniques used by researchers in this area are inadequate to provide evidence of the final stage: assimilation. In this review, we describe the different stages of biodegradation and we state several techniques used by some authors working in this domain. Validate assimilation (including mineralization) is an important aspect to guarantee the real biodegradability of items of consumption (in particular friendly environmental new materials). Since LDPE is considered to be practically inert, efforts were made to isolate unique microorganisms capable of utilizing LDPEs. Recent data showed that biodegradation of LDPE waste with selected microbial strains became a viable solution. Among biological agents, microbial enzymes are one of the most powerful tools for the biodegradation of LDPEs. Activity of biodegradation of most enzymes is higher in fungi than in bacteria. It is important to consider fungal degradation of LDPE in order to understand what is necessary for biodegradation and the mechanisms involved. This requires understanding of the interactions between materials and microorganisms and the biochemical changes involved. Widespread studies on the biodegradation of LDPEs have been carried out in order to overcome the environmental problems associated with LDPE waste. This paper reviews the current research on the biodegradation of LDPEs and also use of various techniques for the analysis of degradation in vitro.
In the present investigation, a number of experiments have been conducted for mineralization of
w... more In the present investigation, a number of experiments have been conducted for mineralization of wastewater containing methyl orange (MO) in integrated biofilm bioreactor with coconut fiber as natural bio-material. The color removal expected from the standard curve of dye versus optical density at its maximum absorption wavelength (460 nm) were 87% and COD removals were 69%. Pseudomonas putida showed a strong ability to decolorize methyl orange under aerobic conditions at pH 7.0 and ambient temperature were considered to be the optimum decolorizing conditions under static state. The spectral analysis of UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) corrugated the metabolic products formed during the degradation. The nutritional profile of wheat grains irrigated with TTW has enhanced with respect to Energy 241%, Carbohydrate 212% and Protein 402% in comparison to grains obtained on irrigation with Textile wastewater (TWW).
Biofilms contain cluster of microorganisms that are found to be associated with the biotic and ab... more Biofilms contain cluster of microorganisms that are found to be associated with the biotic and abiotic surfaces. Biofilm formation is a dynamic process and different mechanisms are involved in their attachment and growth. The formation of microbial biofilms is an important reason for failure of anti-microbial therapy. Biofilm-associated infections represent one of the major threats of modern medicine. Consequently, various preventive and control strategies like mechanical, physical and chemical methods can be appropriately applied for controlling biofilm formation or eradicate mature biofilm. The present review will focus on describing the effective bio control and removal of biofilms. These newer bio control strategies are considered as ecofriendly and cost effective method in terms of therapeutic.
The disposal of fly ash as a by-product of incineration of coal is a more significant problem tha... more The disposal of fly ash as a by-product of incineration of coal is a more significant problem than ash produced from burning of municipal solid wastes, sugarcane bagasse, rice husks or tea dusts because of its volume. The present investigation aims at upgrading alumina in coal fly ash (CFA) through bioleaching, using Bacillus barbaricus (silicate bacterium) isolated from Taptapani hot spring, Odisha. Bioleaching has been done after washing CFA (WCFA) with water and the result obtained is compared with the results obtained by bioleaching of unwashed CFA (UCFA). The concentration of alumina in washed coal fly ash has increased to 34.72% from an initial concentration of 25.45% after 60 days. The residue also shows a reduction of silica content from an initial concentration of 62.14% to 40.71% after 60 days. All the experimental results are corroborated with chemical analysis as well as through characterization process. Thus present finding has opened an avenue for enrichment of CFA with respect to alumina which may be suitable for aluminum extraction. In addition, by-product may be used for production of silica sol.
The textile industry is a substantial consumer of water and produces enormous volumes of contamin... more The textile industry is a substantial consumer of water and produces enormous volumes of contaminated water; the most important contaminants are azo dyes. Fungal processes for the treatment of textile wastewater have the advantage of being cost-effective and environmentally friendly and producing less sludge. Unlike bacteria, fungi possessed strong ability of degrading complex organic compounds by producing extracellular ligninolytic enzymes including laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase, hence, researchers paid more attention on fungi in recent years. The mechanism of fungal decolouration occurs from adsorption, enzymatic degradation or a combination of both. The goal of fungal treatment is to decolorize and detoxify the dye contaminated effluents. In this review, we summarize the methodologies used to evaluate the toxicity of azo dyes and their degradation products. Recent studies on the decolouration or degradation of azo dyes with Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) and Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are discussed in this review.
Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Association of Micr... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Association of Microbiologists of India. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be selfarchived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".
Background: Amylases play a vital role in biotechnological studies and rank an important position... more Background: Amylases play a vital role in biotechnological studies and rank an important position in the world enzyme market (25% to 33%). Bioprocess method of amylase production is more effective than the other sources, since the technique is easy, cost effective, fast, and the enzymes of required properties can be procured. Objectives: The current study aimed to report the characteristics of novel amylase producing bacterial strains isolated from Taptapani hot spring, Odisha, India. Materials and Methods: Bacterial strains were isolated by dilution plating method from the water samples collected from Taptapani Hot Spring, Odisha and screened for amylase production through starch hydrolysis. The bacterial isolates were identified morphologically, biochemically, and finally by 16S rDNA profiling. Results: Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics and the molecular characterization, the isolates SS1, SS2, and SS3 were identified as Bacillus barbaricus, Aeromonas veroni,and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,respectively. The approximate molecular weight of enzymes from SS1, SS2, and SS3 strains were 19 kDa, 56 kDa and 49 kDa, respectively. Conclusions: The current report isolates, characterizes, and demonstrates the novel heat-adapted amylase-producing bacteria SS1, SS2 and SS3 from Taptapani hot spring, indicating its potentiality and stability under acidic conditions.
Abstract In the present investigation, a number of experiments have been conducted for mineraliza... more Abstract In the present investigation, a number of experiments have been conducted for mineralization of wastewater containing methyl orange (MO) in integrated biofilm bioreactor with coconut fiber as natural bio-material. The color removal expected from the standard curve of dye versus optical density at its maximum absorption wavelength (460 nm) were 87% and COD removals were 69%. Pseudomonas putida showed a strong ability to decolorize methyl orange under aerobic conditions at pH 7.0 and ambient temperature were considered to be the optimum decolorizing conditions under static state. The spectral analysis of UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) corrugated the metabolic products formed during the degradation. The nutritional profile of wheat grains irrigated with TTW has enhanced with respect to Energy 241%, Carbohydrate 212% and Protein 402% in comparison to grains obtained on irrigation with Textile wastewater (TWW).
Biofilms contain cluster of microorganisms that are found to be associated with the biotic and ab... more Biofilms contain cluster of microorganisms that are found to be associated with the biotic and abiotic surfaces. Biofilm formation is a dynamic process and different mechanisms are involved in their attachment and growth. The formation of microbial biofilms is an important reason for failure of antimicrobial therapy. Biofilm-associated infections represent one of the major threats of modern medicine. Consequently, various preventive and control strategies like mechanical, physical and chemical methods can be appropriately applied for controlling biofilm formation or eradicate mature biofilm. The present review will focus on describing the effective bio control and removal of biofilms. These newer bio control strategies are considered as ecofriendly and cost effective method in terms of therapeutic.
A preliminary investigation was performed about the presence of industrially important thermophil... more A preliminary investigation was performed about the presence of industrially important thermophilic bacteria in the hot springs and in its vicinity near Beramhapur, Orissa state, India. Out of 20 to 30 clones, the randomly picked up two clones of bacterium samples, one each from a soil and water, had been taken for the laboratory experiments. The cells isolated from soil and water samples stained gram negative, is rod shaped and non acid-fast organism, and positive for endospore staining. The temperature range for growth at a pH of 7.5 was between 37.5°C and 60°C with optimum growth at 50°C. Growth was inhibited by ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, cefadroxil and doxicycline, and cells showed positive protease, catalase and DNase activity, and lipase and oxidase activity was absent in them. The staining, morphological, biochemical, growth parameters, antibiotic studies proved that the bacteria are of gram negative and rod shaped nearer to the Escheritia coli cell type.
Abstract The disposal of fly ash as a by-product of incineration of coal is a more significant pr... more Abstract The disposal of fly ash as a by-product of incineration of coal is a more significant problem than ash produced from burning of municipal solid wastes, sugarcane bagasse, rice husks or tea dusts because of its volume. The present investigation aims at upgrading alumina in coal fly ash (CFA) through bioleaching, using Bacillus barbaricus (silicate bacterium) isolated from Taptapani hot spring, Odisha. Bioleaching has been done after washing CFA (WCFA) with water and the result obtained is compared with the results obtained by bioleaching of unwashed CFA (UCFA). The concentration of alumina in washed coal fly ash has increased to 34.72% from an initial concentration of 25.45% after 60 days. The residue also shows a reduction of silica content from an initial concentration of 62.14% to 40.71% after 60 days. All the experimental results are corroborated with chemical analysis as well as through characterization process. Thus present finding has opened an avenue for enrichment of CFA with respect to alumina which may be suitable for aluminum extraction. In addition, by-product may be used for production of silica sol.
Polyene antibiotics are antifungal agents. They interact with cell membrane sterols and form pore... more Polyene antibiotics are antifungal agents. They interact with cell membrane sterols and form pores in the membrane. All the cell constituents will leak through the pores and finally cell death occurs. Results of this paper have demonstrated that the specific phospholipids mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which have been used to find out the the mechanism of action of antibiotic nystatin, by using the techniques of growth, viability and amino acid influx altered the sensitivity. The acquired resistance of phospholipids enriched cells as judged from (i) growth and viability could be dissociated (ii) the effect of antibiotics on the transport of amino acids was different from that of growth, viability and binding, which may due to the fact that membrane permeability changes could be dissociated. Further, the mutants, which accumulate PC (phosphatidyl choline) or PE (phosphatidyl ethanolamine) or PS (phospholipids serine) in the cell membrane, altered the sensitivity of antibiotic nystatin by non-specific binding of antibiotic to phospholipids. Further, these results would help for the pathogenesis control of Candida albicans, which is pathogenic yeast.
In the present study, artificial neural network (ANN) modelling coupled with particle swarm optim... more In the present study, artificial neural network (ANN) modelling coupled with particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to optimize the process variables for enhanced low density polyethylene (LDPE) degradation by Curvularia lunata SG1. In the non-linear ANN model, temperature, pH, contact time and agitation were used as input variables and polyethylene bio-degradation as the output variable. Further, on application of PSO to the ANN model, the optimum values of the process parameters were as follows: pH = 7.6, temperature = 37.97°C, agitation rate = 190.48 rpm and incubation time = 261.95 days. A comparison between the model results and experimental data gave a high correlation coefficient (R 2 ANN ¼ 0:999). Significant enhancement of LDPE bio-degradation using C. lunata SG1by about 48 % was achieved under optimum conditions. Thus, the novelty of the work lies in the application of combination of ANN-PSO as optimization strategy to enhance the bio-degradation of LDPE.
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2015
Abstract Biodegradation is considered to take place throughout three stages: biodeterioration, bi... more Abstract Biodegradation is considered to take place throughout three stages: biodeterioration, biofragmentation and assimilation, without neglect the participation of abiotic factors. However, most of the techniques used by researchers in this area are inadequate to provide evidence of the final stage: assimilation. In this review, we describe the different stages of biodegradation and we state several techniques used by some authors working in this domain. Validate assimilation (including mineralization) is an important aspect to guarantee the real biodegradability of items of consumption (in particular friendly environmental new materials). Since LDPE is considered to be practically inert, efforts were made to isolate unique microorganisms capable of utilizing LDPEs. Recent data showed that biodegradation of LDPE waste with selected microbial strains became a viable solution. Among biological agents, microbial enzymes are one of the most powerful tools for the biodegradation of LDPEs. Activity of biodegradation of most enzymes is higher in fungi than in bacteria. It is important to consider fungal degradation of LDPE in order to understand what is necessary for biodegradation and the mechanisms involved. This requires understanding of the interactions between materials and microorganisms and the biochemical changes involved. Widespread studies on the biodegradation of LDPEs have been carried out in order to overcome the environmental problems associated with LDPE waste. This paper reviews the current research on the biodegradation of LDPEs and also use of various techniques for the analysis of degradation in vitro.
Background: Amylases play a vital role in biotechnological studies and rank an important position... more Background: Amylases play a vital role in biotechnological studies and rank an important position in the world enzyme market (25% to33%). Bioprocess method of amylase production is more effective than the other sources, since the technique is easy, cost effective, fast, and the enzymes of required properties can be procured. Objectives: The current study aimed to report the characteristics of novel amylase producing bacterial strains isolated from Taptapani hot spring, Odisha, India. Materials and Methods: Bacterial strains were isolated by dilution plating method from the water samples collected from Taptapani Hot Spring, Odisha and screened for amylase production through starch hydrolysis. The bacterial isolates were identified morphologically, biochemically, and finally by 16S rDNA profiling. Results: Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics and the molecular characterization, the isolates SS1, SS2, and SS3 were identified as Bacillus barbaricus, Aeromonas veroni, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, respectively. The approximate molecular weight of enzymes from SS1, SS2, and SS3 strains were 19 kDa, 56 kDa and 49 kDa, respectively. Conclusions: The current report isolates, characterizes, and demonstrates the novel heat-adapted amylase-producing bacteria SS1, SS2 and SS3 from Taptapani hot spring, indicating its potentiality and stability under acidic conditions.
The nature of microbial communities and their relation to enzyme activities in the Taptapani hot ... more The nature of microbial communities and their relation to enzyme activities in the Taptapani hot spring Odisha, India, is a neglected area of investigation. To address this, the microbial diversity, enzyme activities and the physicochemical factors of the hot spring water were studied. Organisms were identified using the 16S rDNA, 28S rDNA and 18S region of rDNA for bacteria, fungi and algae, respectively, after amplification by the polymerase chain reaction. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequenced gel electrophoresis bands revealed a great diversity of microorganisms. Based on morphology, nine groups of bacteria, three groups of fungi and four groups of algae were dominant during all seasons. The growth behavior of the selected isolates was studied at different elevated temperatures which revealed that all ten isolates (six bacteria, three fungi and one alga) were able to grow in the temperature range of 50-80 • C and at pH 4-9. Maximum temperature and pH for the amylase activity were found to be 80 and 9 • C, respectively, while an optimum amylase activity was observed at 60 • C and pH 9. Considerable activity was observed at both acidic and alkaline pH (4.0-10.0), suggesting wide technical applications for these enzymes and indicating that these enzymes are novel.
Problem Statement: Since the site selected for screening was a source of magnetite, the objective... more Problem Statement: Since the site selected for screening was a source of magnetite, the objective of this study was to isolate some groups of magnetotactic bacteria and microbes with potential of metal accumulation. Approach: The culture based approach was used for the study. Pure isolates obtained were characterized on the basis of morphology, biochemical tests, physiology as well as at the 16S rDNA based molecular level. They were screened for their metal accumulating ability. Results: Five pure bacterial isolates were obtained by culture dependent method, isolation being done on a modified Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum specific medium (DSMZ-380). These isolates not only exhibited morphological variation as found from Environmnetal Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM), but their cell surface also varied greatly in composition which was confirmed from various staining. Similarly another observed fact was that inspite of the same source of isolation, these strains exhibited a varied temperature and pH tolerance which indicates the diversity in the population. 16S rDNA based analysis shows the molecular identification and real time PCR based pathogenecity analysis proved that they lacked S. aureus or P. aeruginosa like pathogenic gene(s). The isolates were screened for metal accumulating property and all were found to tolerate a wide range of heavy metals and among them certain strains bear high potential of accumulation of metals like copper and chromium. Conclusion: This study reports the isolation and characterization of 5 novel bacterial isolates from the mining area of Andhra Pradesh, India revealing its rich biodiversity. It also points towards the ability of media DSMZ-380 to support growth of metal accumulating non-magnetotactic isolates.
In the present investigation, a number of experiments have been conducted to isolate microbial st... more In the present investigation, a number of experiments have been conducted to isolate microbial strains from Taptapani Hot Spring Odisha, India for bioremediation of cadmium and lead. The strains Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SS1), Aeromonas veronii (SS2) and Bacillus barbaricus (SS3) have shown better adaptation to metal tolerance test, with different concentrations of cadmium and lead and hence have been selected for further studies of metal microbial interaction and optimization. The results of bioremediation process indicate that consortium of thermophilic isolates adsorbed heavy metals more effectively than the individually treated isolates. Therefore, A 24 full factorial central composite design has been employed to analyze the effect of metal ion concentration, microbial concentration and time on removal of heavy metals with consortium. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows a high coefficient of determination value. The kinetic data have been fitted to pseudo-first order and second-order models. The isotherm equilibrium data have been well fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The optimum removal conditions determined for initial ion concentration was 0.3g/l; contact time 72h; microbial concentration, 3ml/l; and pH 7. At optimum adsorption conditions, the adsorption of cadmium and lead are found to be 92% and 93%, respectively, and presence of metals was confirmed through EDS analysis.
Abstract In the present investigation the production and characterization of a thermostable alpha... more Abstract In the present investigation the production and characterization of a thermostable alpha-amylase enzyme from hot spring isolates Alcaligenes faecalis SSB17 has been studied. The individual and combined effect of temperature, pH and time has been investigated on the production of enzyme in four media (Luria Bertani, Nutrient Media, Semi-Synthetic Media l and Semi-Synthetic Media 2) using Box–Behnken design (BBD). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows high coefficient values of determination for each medium and satisfactory prediction second order regression models has been derived. Enzyme purification has been carried out by ammonium sulfate precipitation and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Maximum purification has been obtained by SEC with 60 fold. SDS-PAGE of the purified enzyme has shown the presence of a single band associated with the amylase enzyme, having a molecular weight of 52 kDa
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2015
Abstract Biodegradation is considered to take place throughout three stages: biodeterioration, bi... more Abstract Biodegradation is considered to take place throughout three stages: biodeterioration, biofragmentation and assimilation, without neglect the participation of abiotic factors. However, most of the techniques used by researchers in this area are inadequate to provide evidence of the final stage: assimilation. In this review, we describe the different stages of biodegradation and we state several techniques used by some authors working in this domain. Validate assimilation (including mineralization) is an important aspect to guarantee the real biodegradability of items of consumption (in particular friendly environmental new materials). Since LDPE is considered to be practically inert, efforts were made to isolate unique microorganisms capable of utilizing LDPEs. Recent data showed that biodegradation of LDPE waste with selected microbial strains became a viable solution. Among biological agents, microbial enzymes are one of the most powerful tools for the biodegradation of LDPEs. Activity of biodegradation of most enzymes is higher in fungi than in bacteria. It is important to consider fungal degradation of LDPE in order to understand what is necessary for biodegradation and the mechanisms involved. This requires understanding of the interactions between materials and microorganisms and the biochemical changes involved. Widespread studies on the biodegradation of LDPEs have been carried out in order to overcome the environmental problems associated with LDPE waste. This paper reviews the current research on the biodegradation of LDPEs and also use of various techniques for the analysis of degradation in vitro.
In the present investigation, a number of experiments have been conducted for mineralization of
w... more In the present investigation, a number of experiments have been conducted for mineralization of wastewater containing methyl orange (MO) in integrated biofilm bioreactor with coconut fiber as natural bio-material. The color removal expected from the standard curve of dye versus optical density at its maximum absorption wavelength (460 nm) were 87% and COD removals were 69%. Pseudomonas putida showed a strong ability to decolorize methyl orange under aerobic conditions at pH 7.0 and ambient temperature were considered to be the optimum decolorizing conditions under static state. The spectral analysis of UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) corrugated the metabolic products formed during the degradation. The nutritional profile of wheat grains irrigated with TTW has enhanced with respect to Energy 241%, Carbohydrate 212% and Protein 402% in comparison to grains obtained on irrigation with Textile wastewater (TWW).
Biofilms contain cluster of microorganisms that are found to be associated with the biotic and ab... more Biofilms contain cluster of microorganisms that are found to be associated with the biotic and abiotic surfaces. Biofilm formation is a dynamic process and different mechanisms are involved in their attachment and growth. The formation of microbial biofilms is an important reason for failure of anti-microbial therapy. Biofilm-associated infections represent one of the major threats of modern medicine. Consequently, various preventive and control strategies like mechanical, physical and chemical methods can be appropriately applied for controlling biofilm formation or eradicate mature biofilm. The present review will focus on describing the effective bio control and removal of biofilms. These newer bio control strategies are considered as ecofriendly and cost effective method in terms of therapeutic.
The disposal of fly ash as a by-product of incineration of coal is a more significant problem tha... more The disposal of fly ash as a by-product of incineration of coal is a more significant problem than ash produced from burning of municipal solid wastes, sugarcane bagasse, rice husks or tea dusts because of its volume. The present investigation aims at upgrading alumina in coal fly ash (CFA) through bioleaching, using Bacillus barbaricus (silicate bacterium) isolated from Taptapani hot spring, Odisha. Bioleaching has been done after washing CFA (WCFA) with water and the result obtained is compared with the results obtained by bioleaching of unwashed CFA (UCFA). The concentration of alumina in washed coal fly ash has increased to 34.72% from an initial concentration of 25.45% after 60 days. The residue also shows a reduction of silica content from an initial concentration of 62.14% to 40.71% after 60 days. All the experimental results are corroborated with chemical analysis as well as through characterization process. Thus present finding has opened an avenue for enrichment of CFA with respect to alumina which may be suitable for aluminum extraction. In addition, by-product may be used for production of silica sol.
The textile industry is a substantial consumer of water and produces enormous volumes of contamin... more The textile industry is a substantial consumer of water and produces enormous volumes of contaminated water; the most important contaminants are azo dyes. Fungal processes for the treatment of textile wastewater have the advantage of being cost-effective and environmentally friendly and producing less sludge. Unlike bacteria, fungi possessed strong ability of degrading complex organic compounds by producing extracellular ligninolytic enzymes including laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase, hence, researchers paid more attention on fungi in recent years. The mechanism of fungal decolouration occurs from adsorption, enzymatic degradation or a combination of both. The goal of fungal treatment is to decolorize and detoxify the dye contaminated effluents. In this review, we summarize the methodologies used to evaluate the toxicity of azo dyes and their degradation products. Recent studies on the decolouration or degradation of azo dyes with Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) and Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are discussed in this review.
Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Association of Micr... more Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Association of Microbiologists of India. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be selfarchived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com".
Background: Amylases play a vital role in biotechnological studies and rank an important position... more Background: Amylases play a vital role in biotechnological studies and rank an important position in the world enzyme market (25% to 33%). Bioprocess method of amylase production is more effective than the other sources, since the technique is easy, cost effective, fast, and the enzymes of required properties can be procured. Objectives: The current study aimed to report the characteristics of novel amylase producing bacterial strains isolated from Taptapani hot spring, Odisha, India. Materials and Methods: Bacterial strains were isolated by dilution plating method from the water samples collected from Taptapani Hot Spring, Odisha and screened for amylase production through starch hydrolysis. The bacterial isolates were identified morphologically, biochemically, and finally by 16S rDNA profiling. Results: Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics and the molecular characterization, the isolates SS1, SS2, and SS3 were identified as Bacillus barbaricus, Aeromonas veroni,and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,respectively. The approximate molecular weight of enzymes from SS1, SS2, and SS3 strains were 19 kDa, 56 kDa and 49 kDa, respectively. Conclusions: The current report isolates, characterizes, and demonstrates the novel heat-adapted amylase-producing bacteria SS1, SS2 and SS3 from Taptapani hot spring, indicating its potentiality and stability under acidic conditions.
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wastewater containing methyl orange (MO) in integrated biofilm bioreactor with coconut fiber as
natural bio-material. The color removal expected from the standard curve of dye versus optical
density at its maximum absorption wavelength (460 nm) were 87% and COD removals were
69%. Pseudomonas putida showed a strong ability to decolorize methyl orange under aerobic
conditions at pH 7.0 and ambient temperature were considered to be the optimum decolorizing
conditions under static state. The spectral analysis of UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform
Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) corrugated the metabolic products
formed during the degradation. The nutritional profile of wheat grains irrigated with TTW has
enhanced with respect to Energy 241%, Carbohydrate 212% and Protein 402% in comparison to
grains obtained on irrigation with Textile wastewater (TWW).
33%). Bioprocess method of amylase production is more effective than the other sources, since the technique is easy, cost effective, fast, and
the enzymes of required properties can be procured.
Objectives: The current study aimed to report the characteristics of novel amylase producing bacterial strains isolated from Taptapani
hot spring, Odisha, India.
Materials and Methods: Bacterial strains were isolated by dilution plating method from the water samples collected from Taptapani Hot
Spring, Odisha and screened for amylase production through starch hydrolysis. The bacterial isolates were identified morphologically,
biochemically, and finally by 16S rDNA profiling.
Results: Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics and the molecular characterization, the isolates SS1, SS2,
and SS3 were identified as Bacillus barbaricus, Aeromonas veroni,and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,respectively. The approximate molecular
weight of enzymes from SS1, SS2, and SS3 strains were 19 kDa, 56 kDa and 49 kDa, respectively.
Conclusions: The current report isolates, characterizes, and demonstrates the novel heat-adapted amylase-producing bacteria SS1, SS2
and SS3 from Taptapani hot spring, indicating its potentiality and stability under acidic conditions.
wastewater containing methyl orange (MO) in integrated biofilm bioreactor with coconut fiber as
natural bio-material. The color removal expected from the standard curve of dye versus optical
density at its maximum absorption wavelength (460 nm) were 87% and COD removals were
69%. Pseudomonas putida showed a strong ability to decolorize methyl orange under aerobic
conditions at pH 7.0 and ambient temperature were considered to be the optimum decolorizing
conditions under static state. The spectral analysis of UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform
Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) corrugated the metabolic products
formed during the degradation. The nutritional profile of wheat grains irrigated with TTW has
enhanced with respect to Energy 241%, Carbohydrate 212% and Protein 402% in comparison to
grains obtained on irrigation with Textile wastewater (TWW).
33%). Bioprocess method of amylase production is more effective than the other sources, since the technique is easy, cost effective, fast, and
the enzymes of required properties can be procured.
Objectives: The current study aimed to report the characteristics of novel amylase producing bacterial strains isolated from Taptapani
hot spring, Odisha, India.
Materials and Methods: Bacterial strains were isolated by dilution plating method from the water samples collected from Taptapani Hot
Spring, Odisha and screened for amylase production through starch hydrolysis. The bacterial isolates were identified morphologically,
biochemically, and finally by 16S rDNA profiling.
Results: Based on the morphological, physiological, biochemical characteristics and the molecular characterization, the isolates SS1, SS2,
and SS3 were identified as Bacillus barbaricus, Aeromonas veroni,and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,respectively. The approximate molecular
weight of enzymes from SS1, SS2, and SS3 strains were 19 kDa, 56 kDa and 49 kDa, respectively.
Conclusions: The current report isolates, characterizes, and demonstrates the novel heat-adapted amylase-producing bacteria SS1, SS2
and SS3 from Taptapani hot spring, indicating its potentiality and stability under acidic conditions.