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Muhammad Arslan Khalid

GC University Faisalabad, Computer Science, Undergraduate

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I am a PHP Web developer with Diploma In Information Technology And Bachelor of Science (B.S) in Computer Science from Government Collage Universality Faisalabad and 4 years of Web development experience.I am experienced in web development with HTML, CSS, GULP, SASS JAVA-SCRIPT, JQUERY, AJAX, MYSQL DATABASE, PHP and Web services. I have a working experience with WordPress, Model View Controller (MVC), LARAVEL. I have also designed and developed web user controls, master pages, validation controls, CSS files using technologies like AJAX Toolkit, JQuery, JavaScript, GULP, SASS, HTML.
Phone: +923007945433
Address: Siddique town sargodha road Faisalabad

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University of Delhi

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QUEST Engineering University Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan

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University of North Carolina at Greensboro

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Papers by Muhammad Arslan Khalid

Chitosan gel formulations containing egg yolk oil and epidermal growth factor for dermal burn treatment

Pharmazie

In the present study chitosan based gel formulations containing Egg Yolk Oil (EYO) and Epidermal ... more In the present study chitosan based gel formulations containing Egg Yolk Oil (EYO) and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) were formulated successfully aiming at enhanced topical treatment of dermal burns the combination of traditional approaches with modern drug delivery systems. Physicochemical properties of the formulations were analyzed and efficacy of the formulations prepared were evaluated versus a commercial product; Silverdin® (1% silver sulfadiazine) in vivo on Wistar rats. Burns were generated on the back of the rats and at predetermined time intervals tissue samples were collected and evaluated histologically. The analyses showed that chitosan based gel formulations containing Egg Yolk Oil (E1) and chitosan based gel formulations containing EYO and EGF (M1) formulations seem to be better alternatives for Silverdin® with a significant difference (p < 0.05) considering healing ranks of tissue samples.

Effects of Hypericum calycinum L. Extract on the Central Nervous System in Mice

Phytotherapy Research

The Role of Descending Serotonergic Mechanisms in Anti-hyperalgesic Effect of Zonisamide in a Rat Model for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the role of descending serotonergic mechanisms in anti-h... more The aim of this study was to demonstrate the role of descending serotonergic mechanisms in anti-hyperalgesic effectiveness of zonisamide (25 and 50 mg/kg i.p.), second generation antiepileptic drug, in a rat model for painful diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy was induced by single injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg; i.v.) in male and female Wistar rats (200-250 g) [Oh et al., 2006]. The hot-plate (HP), tail-immersion (TI), and paw pressure withdrawal (PPW) tests were performed to determine thermal and mechanical thresholds 40 min after injection of test drugs (at 22±1ºC, between 10:00 and 18:00 h) [Eddy and Leimback, 1953; Schmauss and Yaksh, 1984; Beyreuther et al., 2006]. The statistical analyses were performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's multiple comparison tests. Differences were considered significant when P≤0.05. Zonisamide (ZNS) at the doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg [n=10] showed significant anti-hyperalgesic effect as morphine (...

Analgesic and antispasmodic activities of 2-(2-nitro-phenyl)-1H-benzimidazole 5-carboxylic acid: evidence for the importance of the 2-(o-substituted phenyl) group

Die Pharmazie, 2003

Benzimidazole 5-carboxylic acid derivatives were investigated for analgesic activity in this stud... more Benzimidazole 5-carboxylic acid derivatives were investigated for analgesic activity in this study. Of the benzimidazole compounds tested, 2-(2-nitro-phenyl)-1H-benzimidazole 5-carboxylic acid showed remarkable naloxone sensitive analgesic activity in the tail clamp but not in the tail immersion analgesia tests. This centrally active compound showed antispasmodic activity only on KCl induced contractions of isolated rat ileum and not on acetylcholine induced contractions. Acute toxicity of the compounds were >100 mg/kg i.p. mice. It was concluded that substitution of the 2(o-phenyl) by nitro- but not by chloro- or methoxy groups is important for naloxone sensititive analgesic activity of benzimidazole compounds and it was hypothetized that new imidazole compounds having a 2-(o-substituted phenyl) moiety needs to be investigated.

Evaluation of the antithrombotic effects of Crataegus monogyna and Crataegus davisii in the carrageenan-induced tail thrombosis model

Pharmaceutical Biology, 2015

Context: Crataegus species are widely used as herbal medicines for preventing cardiovascular dise... more

Synthesis and Analgesic Activities of Some 2-(Benzazolylacetyl)amino-3-ethoxycarbonylthiophene Derivatives

Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements, 2005

In this study, some 2-[2-(benzazole-2-thioxy)acetylamino]-3-ethoxycarbonylthiophene and 2-[2-(ben... more In this study, some 2-[2-(benzazole-2-thioxy)acetylamino]-3-ethoxycarbonylthiophene and 2-[2-(benzazole-1-yl)acetylamino]-3-ethoxycarbonylthiophene compounds were obtained by the reaction of 2-chloroacetylamino-3-ethoxycarbonylthiophene derivatives and a suitable benzazole-2-thione or benzimidazole derivatives. Analgesic activities of the compounds were tested by using tail-flick and tail-immersion methods. It is reported that some of the compounds showed remarkable analgesic activities.

The involvement of endogenous opioid mechanisms in the antinociceptive effects induced by antidepressant drugs, desipramine and trimipramine

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 2006

The present study was designed to investigate the involvement of endogenous opioid systems in the... more The present study was designed to investigate the involvement of endogenous opioid systems in the antinociception induced by the antidepressant drugs, desipramine and trimipramine. For this purpose, the antinociceptive effects of desipramine (7.5 and 15.0 mg/kg i.p.) and trimipramine (5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg i.p.) were compared to that induced by morphine (0.2 and 2.0 mg/kg i.p.) in the tail-clip model in mice. Naloxone (0.3 and 3.0 mg/kg i.p.), a non-specific opioid receptor antagonist, inhibited morphine-induced antinociception in mice, whereas the antinociceptive effects of antidepressant drugs were found to be resistant to naloxone blockade to some extent, since only the higher concentration of naloxone (3.0 mg/kg i.p.) caused significant inhibition of the effects of antidepressant drugs. In contrast, naltrindole (1.0 mg/kg i.p.), a specific delta-receptor antagonist, inhibited antinociception induced by desipramine and trimipramine in this test, while it inhibited the antinociceptive effect of morphine only partly. None of the opioid antagonists produced a significant effect in the tail-clip experiment when they were injected alone. Based on these findings, we concluded that endogenous opioids are involved in the antinociceptive effects of the antidepressant drugs using different mechanisms.

Antinociceptive effect of methanol extract of Capparis ovata in mice

Pharmaceutical Biology, 2010

Zonisamide: Antihyperalgesic efficacy, the role of serotonergic receptors on efficacy in a rat model for painful diabetic neuropathy

Life Sciences, 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare the changes of antihyperalgesic effectiveness of zonisam... more The purpose of this study was to compare the changes of antihyperalgesic effectiveness of zonisamide (25 and 50 mg/kg), an antiepileptic drug, on the early and late phases of neuropathy and to investigate the role of serotonergic descending inhibitory pain pathways in antihyperalgesic effectiveness of zonisamide in the streptozotocin-induced rat model for painful diabetic neuropathy. The hot-plate and tail-immersion, to determine thermal thresholds, and paw pressure withdrawal tests, to determine mechanical thresholds, were performed as hyperalgesia tests. To investigate the role of serotonergic pathway, 1 mg/kg ketanserin (5-HT(2A/2C) antagonist) and ondansetron (serotonin 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist) were used. Zonisamide enhanced pain thresholds significantly in the 3rd, 6th and 8th weeks as the reference drugs morphine (5 mg/kg) and carbamazepine (32 mg/kg, tested only in the 3rd week). There were no observed differences on the potency of antihyperalgesic effect between weeks and between doses. Each antagonist reversed the effect of zonisamide in the hot-plate and tail-immersion tests significantly, but, relatively in the paw pressure withdrawal tests. These results support the role for zonisamide in the management of diabetic neuropathic pain in all phases. Serotonin 5-HT2A/2C and 5-HT₃ receptors are involved in the antihyperalgesic effect of zonisamide by enhancement of thermal threshold, and partially by mechanical threshold, so they may not mediate mechanical hyperalgesia in diabetic neuropathy.

Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract from Remirea maritima (Cyperaceae)

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2013

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Remirea maritima Aubl., popularly known as ''capim-da-praia'', is... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: Remirea maritima Aubl., popularly known as ''capim-da-praia'', is popularly employed in the treatment of diarrhea, kidney disease, fever, and for analgesic and antiinflammatory purposes through the preparation of teas. Few studies have focused on the chemical composition and its biological properties. Aim of the study: This work evaluated the antinocipetive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract from Remirea maritima Aubl. as well as the isolation and identification of the chemical compounds. Materials and methods: Compounds were isolated from aqueous extract of Remirea maritima through preparative HPLC and the structures were identified by means of NMR and MS analysis. The tests for antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, along with motor coordination test (Rota rod), were performed over the aqueous extract. Results: The phytochemical investigation of aqueous extract of Remirea maritima resulted in the isolation of three flavone glycosides. The structures of these compounds were determined by means of MS and 1D and 2D NMR data as vitexin-2 00 -O-b-D-glucopyranoside, isovitexin-2 00 -O-b-D-glucopyranoside, and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide. Acute pretreatment with aqueous extract (100, 200 or 400 mg/ kg, i.p.) caused a significant decrease (p o0.001) in the number of abdominal writhes. In the formalin test, higher doses significantly inhibited the late (inflammatory pain) phase of formalin-induced licking (p o 0.05 or 0.001). In the hot plate test, there was no significant difference in nociceptive behavior, discarding the possible central effect of the aqueous extract. In the rota rod test, it was verified that the aqueous extract in all concentration evaluated does not alter the motor coordination of mice, such antinociceptive results were unlikely to be caused by motor abnormality. In the peritonitis test, induced by carrageenan, the treatment with aqueous extract produced a significant reduction in leukocyte migration in all concentration evaluated. Additionally, a significant reduction of lipoperoxidation (TBARS test) and in nitric oxide formation (.NO Scavenging assay) was observed in antioxidant activity assay. Conclusion: The biological and phytochemical investigations of the aqueous extract of Remirea maritima resulted in the identification of three flavone glycosides that have been described here for the first time in Remirea and effective analgesic activity in various pain models, probably mediated via the inhibition of peripheral mediators which could be related to its strong antioxidant effect observed in vitro.

Pharmacological and toxicological effects of Paronychia argentea in experimental calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in rats

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2010

... However, in addition to traumatic effects of shock waves, residual stone fragments persist an... more

Synthesis and cytotoxic and analgesic activities of some 1, 5-diaryl-3-ethoxycarbonylpyrrole derivatives

Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2006

Some 1,5-diaryl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methylpyrrole derivatives were obtained by reacting 1-aryl-3-e... more Some 1,5-diaryl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methylpyrrole derivatives were obtained by reacting 1-aryl-3-ethoxycarbonylpent-1,4-diones and a suitable aniline derivative or sulfanilamide under Paal-Knorr pyrrole synthesis conditions. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested and all compounds, except for compound 2 h, showed a time-dependent increase in cytotoxic activity. Analgesic activities of the compounds were determined by using the tail-flick and tail-immersion methods; some of the compounds showed potent analgesic activity.

Investigation ofOriganum onites, Sideritis congesta andSatureja cuneifolia Essential Oils for Analgesic Activity

by Yusuf Öztürk, Muhammad Arslan Khalid, and Rana Arslan

Phytotherapy Research, 1996

Investigation for anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities of methanol extract of Capparis ovata buds and fruits

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2012

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Capparis ovata Desf. has wide natural distribution in Turkey and ... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: Capparis ovata Desf. has wide natural distribution in Turkey and it is consumed in pickled form. Flower buds, root bark, and fruits of the plant are used traditionally due to their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, anti-rheumatismal, tonic, and diuretic effects. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects of methanol extracts prepared from flower buds (CBE) and fruits (CFE) of C. ovata. Materials and methods: Anti-inflammatory effects of CBE and CFE were assessed using carrageenaninduced and prostaglandin E 2 -induced mouse paw edema models. For the anti-thrombotic effect evaluation, carrageenan-induced tail thrombosis model was performed in mice. The extracts were administered intraperitonally (i.p.) at the doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory effect of Capparis extracts were tested in comparison to 10 mg/kg diclofenac and anti-thrombotic activity to 10 and 100 IU heparin. Results: CBE at the doses of 200, and 300 mg/kg and CFE at the doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg showed significant anti-inflammatory activity and CFE reached therapeutic concentration early than CBE in carrageenan inflammation model. In prostaglandin E 2 inflammation model, CBE and CFE exhibited significant inhibitory effects. The C. ovata extracts did not show remarkable anti-thrombotic effect.

Antinociceptive activity of methanol extract of fruits of Capparis ovata in mice

by Muhammad Arslan Khalid and Jamil Shilpi

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2010

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Capparis ovata Desf. and Capparis spinosa L. have wide natural di... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: Capparis ovata Desf. and Capparis spinosa L. have wide natural distribution in Turkey and they are consumed in pickled form. Flower buds, root bark, and fruits of the plant are used in folk medicine due to their analgesic, wound healing, cell regeneration, tonic, and diuretic effects. Aim of the study: In this study, we attempted to identify the possible antinociceptive action of methanol extract prepared from fruits of Capparis ovata. Materials and methods: Using tail immersion, hot plate and writhing tests, the antinociceptive effect of the methanol extract of Capparis ovata (MEC) fruits was assessed after intraperitoneal administration into mice. Morphine sulfate (5 mg/kg; i.p.) and diclofenac (10 mg/kg; i.p.) were used as reference analgesic agents. Naloxone (5 mg/kg; i.p.) was also tested. Results: MEC was studied at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg (i.p.) and exhibited significant antinociceptive activities in all tests used. The above-mentioned doses of the extract reduced the writhing responses by 32.21, 55.70, and 68.36%, respectively. MPE% were increased by 7.27, 12.07, 14.60% in the tail immersion, and 7.88, 11.71, 16.73% in the hot plate test at the tested doses, respectively. Naloxone antagonized antinociceptive effect at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg whereas partially antagonized the effect of MEC at the dose of 50 mg/kg. Conclusions: Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that MEC has antinociceptive effects both at the peripheral and central levels.

Antithrombotic effects of ethanol extract of Crataegus orientalis in the carrageenan-induced mice tail thrombosis model

Thrombosis Research, 2011

Crataegus species (common name is Hawthorn) are medicinal plants, which have flavonoids, triterpe... more Crataegus species (common name is Hawthorn) are medicinal plants, which have flavonoids, triterpene acids, proanthocyanidins, and organic acids as main constituents, used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. One of the main causes of multiple cardiovascular diseases is intravascular thrombosis and current agents, which are used for the treatment and prevention of thrombosis, have some side effects. Therefore, new antithrombotic and thrombolytic agents are still needed.Antithrombotic function of ethanol extract of Crataegus orientalis (COE) leaves was investigated in carrageenan-induced mice tail thrombosis model. Mice were injected with 40 μl (1%) carrageenan (Type I) dissolved in physiological saline by intraplantar administration in the right hind paw. After carrageenan injection, the extract was administered at the doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg. Heparin was used as a positive control (10 and 100 IU). The length of tail-thrombosis was measured at 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours.100 mg/kg COE and 10 IU heparin were not significant when compared to control groups at the time interval (24–72 h) that results was obtained. At 24th hour, both 200 and 300 mg/kg of COE showed a significant antithrombotic activity (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). However, 200 mg/kg COE lost its significance and there was a decrease in the significance values of 300 mg/kg COE (p < 0.05) at 48 and 72 h. From these results, it was concluded that COE significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced mice tail thrombosis in vivo.

Chitosan gel formulations containing egg yolk oil and epidermal growth factor for dermal burn treatment

Pharmazie

In the present study chitosan based gel formulations containing Egg Yolk Oil (EYO) and Epidermal ... more In the present study chitosan based gel formulations containing Egg Yolk Oil (EYO) and Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) were formulated successfully aiming at enhanced topical treatment of dermal burns the combination of traditional approaches with modern drug delivery systems. Physicochemical properties of the formulations were analyzed and efficacy of the formulations prepared were evaluated versus a commercial product; Silverdin® (1% silver sulfadiazine) in vivo on Wistar rats. Burns were generated on the back of the rats and at predetermined time intervals tissue samples were collected and evaluated histologically. The analyses showed that chitosan based gel formulations containing Egg Yolk Oil (E1) and chitosan based gel formulations containing EYO and EGF (M1) formulations seem to be better alternatives for Silverdin® with a significant difference (p < 0.05) considering healing ranks of tissue samples.

Effects of Hypericum calycinum L. Extract on the Central Nervous System in Mice

Phytotherapy Research

The Role of Descending Serotonergic Mechanisms in Anti-hyperalgesic Effect of Zonisamide in a Rat Model for Painful Diabetic Neuropathy

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the role of descending serotonergic mechanisms in anti-h... more The aim of this study was to demonstrate the role of descending serotonergic mechanisms in anti-hyperalgesic effectiveness of zonisamide (25 and 50 mg/kg i.p.), second generation antiepileptic drug, in a rat model for painful diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic neuropathy was induced by single injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg; i.v.) in male and female Wistar rats (200-250 g) [Oh et al., 2006]. The hot-plate (HP), tail-immersion (TI), and paw pressure withdrawal (PPW) tests were performed to determine thermal and mechanical thresholds 40 min after injection of test drugs (at 22±1ºC, between 10:00 and 18:00 h) [Eddy and Leimback, 1953; Schmauss and Yaksh, 1984; Beyreuther et al., 2006]. The statistical analyses were performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's multiple comparison tests. Differences were considered significant when P≤0.05. Zonisamide (ZNS) at the doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg [n=10] showed significant anti-hyperalgesic effect as morphine (...

Analgesic and antispasmodic activities of 2-(2-nitro-phenyl)-1H-benzimidazole 5-carboxylic acid: evidence for the importance of the 2-(o-substituted phenyl) group

Die Pharmazie, 2003

Benzimidazole 5-carboxylic acid derivatives were investigated for analgesic activity in this stud... more Benzimidazole 5-carboxylic acid derivatives were investigated for analgesic activity in this study. Of the benzimidazole compounds tested, 2-(2-nitro-phenyl)-1H-benzimidazole 5-carboxylic acid showed remarkable naloxone sensitive analgesic activity in the tail clamp but not in the tail immersion analgesia tests. This centrally active compound showed antispasmodic activity only on KCl induced contractions of isolated rat ileum and not on acetylcholine induced contractions. Acute toxicity of the compounds were >100 mg/kg i.p. mice. It was concluded that substitution of the 2(o-phenyl) by nitro- but not by chloro- or methoxy groups is important for naloxone sensititive analgesic activity of benzimidazole compounds and it was hypothetized that new imidazole compounds having a 2-(o-substituted phenyl) moiety needs to be investigated.

Evaluation of the antithrombotic effects of Crataegus monogyna and Crataegus davisii in the carrageenan-induced tail thrombosis model

Pharmaceutical Biology, 2015

Context: Crataegus species are widely used as herbal medicines for preventing cardiovascular dise... more

Synthesis and Analgesic Activities of Some 2-(Benzazolylacetyl)amino-3-ethoxycarbonylthiophene Derivatives

Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements, 2005

In this study, some 2-[2-(benzazole-2-thioxy)acetylamino]-3-ethoxycarbonylthiophene and 2-[2-(ben... more In this study, some 2-[2-(benzazole-2-thioxy)acetylamino]-3-ethoxycarbonylthiophene and 2-[2-(benzazole-1-yl)acetylamino]-3-ethoxycarbonylthiophene compounds were obtained by the reaction of 2-chloroacetylamino-3-ethoxycarbonylthiophene derivatives and a suitable benzazole-2-thione or benzimidazole derivatives. Analgesic activities of the compounds were tested by using tail-flick and tail-immersion methods. It is reported that some of the compounds showed remarkable analgesic activities.

The involvement of endogenous opioid mechanisms in the antinociceptive effects induced by antidepressant drugs, desipramine and trimipramine

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 2006

The present study was designed to investigate the involvement of endogenous opioid systems in the... more The present study was designed to investigate the involvement of endogenous opioid systems in the antinociception induced by the antidepressant drugs, desipramine and trimipramine. For this purpose, the antinociceptive effects of desipramine (7.5 and 15.0 mg/kg i.p.) and trimipramine (5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg i.p.) were compared to that induced by morphine (0.2 and 2.0 mg/kg i.p.) in the tail-clip model in mice. Naloxone (0.3 and 3.0 mg/kg i.p.), a non-specific opioid receptor antagonist, inhibited morphine-induced antinociception in mice, whereas the antinociceptive effects of antidepressant drugs were found to be resistant to naloxone blockade to some extent, since only the higher concentration of naloxone (3.0 mg/kg i.p.) caused significant inhibition of the effects of antidepressant drugs. In contrast, naltrindole (1.0 mg/kg i.p.), a specific delta-receptor antagonist, inhibited antinociception induced by desipramine and trimipramine in this test, while it inhibited the antinociceptive effect of morphine only partly. None of the opioid antagonists produced a significant effect in the tail-clip experiment when they were injected alone. Based on these findings, we concluded that endogenous opioids are involved in the antinociceptive effects of the antidepressant drugs using different mechanisms.

Antinociceptive effect of methanol extract of Capparis ovata in mice

Pharmaceutical Biology, 2010

Zonisamide: Antihyperalgesic efficacy, the role of serotonergic receptors on efficacy in a rat model for painful diabetic neuropathy

Life Sciences, 2014

The purpose of this study was to compare the changes of antihyperalgesic effectiveness of zonisam... more The purpose of this study was to compare the changes of antihyperalgesic effectiveness of zonisamide (25 and 50 mg/kg), an antiepileptic drug, on the early and late phases of neuropathy and to investigate the role of serotonergic descending inhibitory pain pathways in antihyperalgesic effectiveness of zonisamide in the streptozotocin-induced rat model for painful diabetic neuropathy. The hot-plate and tail-immersion, to determine thermal thresholds, and paw pressure withdrawal tests, to determine mechanical thresholds, were performed as hyperalgesia tests. To investigate the role of serotonergic pathway, 1 mg/kg ketanserin (5-HT(2A/2C) antagonist) and ondansetron (serotonin 5-HT₃ receptor antagonist) were used. Zonisamide enhanced pain thresholds significantly in the 3rd, 6th and 8th weeks as the reference drugs morphine (5 mg/kg) and carbamazepine (32 mg/kg, tested only in the 3rd week). There were no observed differences on the potency of antihyperalgesic effect between weeks and between doses. Each antagonist reversed the effect of zonisamide in the hot-plate and tail-immersion tests significantly, but, relatively in the paw pressure withdrawal tests. These results support the role for zonisamide in the management of diabetic neuropathic pain in all phases. Serotonin 5-HT2A/2C and 5-HT₃ receptors are involved in the antihyperalgesic effect of zonisamide by enhancement of thermal threshold, and partially by mechanical threshold, so they may not mediate mechanical hyperalgesia in diabetic neuropathy.

Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract from Remirea maritima (Cyperaceae)

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2013

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Remirea maritima Aubl., popularly known as ''capim-da-praia'', is... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: Remirea maritima Aubl., popularly known as ''capim-da-praia'', is popularly employed in the treatment of diarrhea, kidney disease, fever, and for analgesic and antiinflammatory purposes through the preparation of teas. Few studies have focused on the chemical composition and its biological properties. Aim of the study: This work evaluated the antinocipetive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract from Remirea maritima Aubl. as well as the isolation and identification of the chemical compounds. Materials and methods: Compounds were isolated from aqueous extract of Remirea maritima through preparative HPLC and the structures were identified by means of NMR and MS analysis. The tests for antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, along with motor coordination test (Rota rod), were performed over the aqueous extract. Results: The phytochemical investigation of aqueous extract of Remirea maritima resulted in the isolation of three flavone glycosides. The structures of these compounds were determined by means of MS and 1D and 2D NMR data as vitexin-2 00 -O-b-D-glucopyranoside, isovitexin-2 00 -O-b-D-glucopyranoside, and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide. Acute pretreatment with aqueous extract (100, 200 or 400 mg/ kg, i.p.) caused a significant decrease (p o0.001) in the number of abdominal writhes. In the formalin test, higher doses significantly inhibited the late (inflammatory pain) phase of formalin-induced licking (p o 0.05 or 0.001). In the hot plate test, there was no significant difference in nociceptive behavior, discarding the possible central effect of the aqueous extract. In the rota rod test, it was verified that the aqueous extract in all concentration evaluated does not alter the motor coordination of mice, such antinociceptive results were unlikely to be caused by motor abnormality. In the peritonitis test, induced by carrageenan, the treatment with aqueous extract produced a significant reduction in leukocyte migration in all concentration evaluated. Additionally, a significant reduction of lipoperoxidation (TBARS test) and in nitric oxide formation (.NO Scavenging assay) was observed in antioxidant activity assay. Conclusion: The biological and phytochemical investigations of the aqueous extract of Remirea maritima resulted in the identification of three flavone glycosides that have been described here for the first time in Remirea and effective analgesic activity in various pain models, probably mediated via the inhibition of peripheral mediators which could be related to its strong antioxidant effect observed in vitro.

Pharmacological and toxicological effects of Paronychia argentea in experimental calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis in rats

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2010

... However, in addition to traumatic effects of shock waves, residual stone fragments persist an... more

Synthesis and cytotoxic and analgesic activities of some 1, 5-diaryl-3-ethoxycarbonylpyrrole derivatives

Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2006

Some 1,5-diaryl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methylpyrrole derivatives were obtained by reacting 1-aryl-3-e... more Some 1,5-diaryl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methylpyrrole derivatives were obtained by reacting 1-aryl-3-ethoxycarbonylpent-1,4-diones and a suitable aniline derivative or sulfanilamide under Paal-Knorr pyrrole synthesis conditions. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested and all compounds, except for compound 2 h, showed a time-dependent increase in cytotoxic activity. Analgesic activities of the compounds were determined by using the tail-flick and tail-immersion methods; some of the compounds showed potent analgesic activity.

Investigation ofOriganum onites, Sideritis congesta andSatureja cuneifolia Essential Oils for Analgesic Activity

by Yusuf Öztürk, Muhammad Arslan Khalid, and Rana Arslan

Phytotherapy Research, 1996

Investigation for anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities of methanol extract of Capparis ovata buds and fruits

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2012

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Capparis ovata Desf. has wide natural distribution in Turkey and ... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: Capparis ovata Desf. has wide natural distribution in Turkey and it is consumed in pickled form. Flower buds, root bark, and fruits of the plant are used traditionally due to their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, anti-rheumatismal, tonic, and diuretic effects. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects of methanol extracts prepared from flower buds (CBE) and fruits (CFE) of C. ovata. Materials and methods: Anti-inflammatory effects of CBE and CFE were assessed using carrageenaninduced and prostaglandin E 2 -induced mouse paw edema models. For the anti-thrombotic effect evaluation, carrageenan-induced tail thrombosis model was performed in mice. The extracts were administered intraperitonally (i.p.) at the doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory effect of Capparis extracts were tested in comparison to 10 mg/kg diclofenac and anti-thrombotic activity to 10 and 100 IU heparin. Results: CBE at the doses of 200, and 300 mg/kg and CFE at the doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg showed significant anti-inflammatory activity and CFE reached therapeutic concentration early than CBE in carrageenan inflammation model. In prostaglandin E 2 inflammation model, CBE and CFE exhibited significant inhibitory effects. The C. ovata extracts did not show remarkable anti-thrombotic effect.

Antinociceptive activity of methanol extract of fruits of Capparis ovata in mice

by Muhammad Arslan Khalid and Jamil Shilpi

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2010

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Capparis ovata Desf. and Capparis spinosa L. have wide natural di... more Ethnopharmacological relevance: Capparis ovata Desf. and Capparis spinosa L. have wide natural distribution in Turkey and they are consumed in pickled form. Flower buds, root bark, and fruits of the plant are used in folk medicine due to their analgesic, wound healing, cell regeneration, tonic, and diuretic effects. Aim of the study: In this study, we attempted to identify the possible antinociceptive action of methanol extract prepared from fruits of Capparis ovata. Materials and methods: Using tail immersion, hot plate and writhing tests, the antinociceptive effect of the methanol extract of Capparis ovata (MEC) fruits was assessed after intraperitoneal administration into mice. Morphine sulfate (5 mg/kg; i.p.) and diclofenac (10 mg/kg; i.p.) were used as reference analgesic agents. Naloxone (5 mg/kg; i.p.) was also tested. Results: MEC was studied at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg (i.p.) and exhibited significant antinociceptive activities in all tests used. The above-mentioned doses of the extract reduced the writhing responses by 32.21, 55.70, and 68.36%, respectively. MPE% were increased by 7.27, 12.07, 14.60% in the tail immersion, and 7.88, 11.71, 16.73% in the hot plate test at the tested doses, respectively. Naloxone antagonized antinociceptive effect at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg whereas partially antagonized the effect of MEC at the dose of 50 mg/kg. Conclusions: Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that MEC has antinociceptive effects both at the peripheral and central levels.

Antithrombotic effects of ethanol extract of Crataegus orientalis in the carrageenan-induced mice tail thrombosis model

Thrombosis Research, 2011

Crataegus species (common name is Hawthorn) are medicinal plants, which have flavonoids, triterpe... more Crataegus species (common name is Hawthorn) are medicinal plants, which have flavonoids, triterpene acids, proanthocyanidins, and organic acids as main constituents, used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. One of the main causes of multiple cardiovascular diseases is intravascular thrombosis and current agents, which are used for the treatment and prevention of thrombosis, have some side effects. Therefore, new antithrombotic and thrombolytic agents are still needed.Antithrombotic function of ethanol extract of Crataegus orientalis (COE) leaves was investigated in carrageenan-induced mice tail thrombosis model. Mice were injected with 40 μl (1%) carrageenan (Type I) dissolved in physiological saline by intraplantar administration in the right hind paw. After carrageenan injection, the extract was administered at the doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg. Heparin was used as a positive control (10 and 100 IU). The length of tail-thrombosis was measured at 24th, 48th, and 72nd hours.100 mg/kg COE and 10 IU heparin were not significant when compared to control groups at the time interval (24–72 h) that results was obtained. At 24th hour, both 200 and 300 mg/kg of COE showed a significant antithrombotic activity (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). However, 200 mg/kg COE lost its significance and there was a decrease in the significance values of 300 mg/kg COE (p < 0.05) at 48 and 72 h. From these results, it was concluded that COE significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced mice tail thrombosis in vivo.