Papers by Rai Farhatullah
It is a fact that the story of Rani Padmaavati is a work of art and there are no Historical evide... more It is a fact that the story of Rani Padmaavati is a work of art and there are no Historical evidence of the presence of such Queen. Padmaavati is 14th century character but appeared on Indian landscape in 16th century when Malik Muhammad Jayasi penned his epic poem Padmaavat. Although completely Fictional, Sanjay Leela Bhansali has tried to establish that popular legends indeed can be Historical events. The objective of the paper is to examine the film and point out the scenes with indicates Bhansali attempt to suggest that Padmaavat can be historical event.
A massive track of Bhansali’s Padmaavat is about Padmaavati committing Jauhar to save her Honor. ... more A massive track of Bhansali’s Padmaavat is about Padmaavati committing Jauhar to save her Honor. This paper will discuss Sanjay Leela Bhansali’s Padmaavat (2018) and directors intent to glorify the practice of Jauhar. Jauhar Pratha or simply Jauhar is an Indian ritual in which Queens and female royals of Hindu kingdoms would perform a self-immolation practice instead of surrendering to enemies.
Cinema is considered the most effective mode of communication and the directors of modern Pakista... more Cinema is considered the most effective mode of communication and the directors of modern Pakistani films are using it beautifully to advocate for woman rights. The analysis of selected films show that liberal feminist ideology is the base for their scripts. By these films it has been projected that woman are no more supposed to go by the traditional image and follow societal norms but should rather challenge the society and take a stand for their rights. These rights include basic human rights, political rights, economic rights, reproductive rights, etc.
Ottoman art often defied the Islamic taboo of representing animals and
human figures. Muslims in ... more Ottoman art often defied the Islamic taboo of representing animals and
human figures. Muslims in the Ottoman and Persian Empires in the 15th
and 16th centuries produced a wonderful collection of art representing
episodes from Mohammed's life complete with images of Mohammed,
angels, animals and ordinary people. Ottoman sultans commissioned
portraits of themselves and illustrated records of historical events and
battles. Titian painted a portrait of Süleyman the Magnificent and
Gentile Bellini painted Mohammed II. The public however did not
know about these works of art. It was rationalized that it wasn't
necessarily a sin to possess these works of art, it was only a sin to
display them ostentatiously. This same reasoning was used to justify
gambling, drinking, the making of eunuchs and womanizing (also
against Muslim law) in private."
Samarra's Archaeological City is the site of a powerful Islamic capital city that ruled over the ... more Samarra's Archaeological City is the site of a powerful Islamic capital city that ruled over the provinces of the Abbasid Empire extending from Tunisia to Central Asia for a century. Located on both sides of the River Tigris 130 km north of Baghdad, the length of the site from north to south is 41.5 km; its width varying from 8 km to 4 km. It testifies to the architectural and artistic innovations that developed there and spread to the other regions of the Islamic world and beyond. The 9th-century Great Mosque and its spiral minaret are among the numerous remarkable architectural monuments of the site, 80% of which remain to be excavated.
A characteristic Indo-Islamic-Persian style that flourished on the Indian subcontinent during the... more A characteristic Indo-Islamic-Persian style that flourished on the Indian subcontinent during the
Mughal Empire (1526–1857). This new style combined elements of Islamic art and architecture,
which had been introduced to India during the Delhi Sultanate (1192–1398) and had produced
great monuments such as the Qutb Minar, with features of Persian art and architecture. Mughal
monuments are found chiefly in N India, but there are also many remains in Pakistan.
Hiran Minar is yet another masterpiece of mughal architecture. Unique in design, pattern and sett... more Hiran Minar is yet another masterpiece of mughal architecture. Unique in design, pattern and setting, the monument adds a glorious chapter to the mughals, their love for building edifices of great strength and grandeur of noble simplicity and elegance. Hiran Minar is a hunting retreat built by Emperor Jahangir to the northwest of Lahore. It was constructed in memory of an antelope named Mansraj that was beloved by the emperor. The memorial tower stands 30 meters high and is 10 meters wide at its base. Around the perimeter are 214 holes that are believed to have been used as supports for the severed heads of animal trophies taken by the emperor.
Nandana once had such a strategic location at the ingress to the Salt Range that a vigorous fortr... more Nandana once had such a strategic location at the ingress to the Salt Range that a vigorous fortress was built to sentinel it. The remains of that fort are now consummately smothered by the rank vegetation of the hill. Nandana Fort is located on the pristine route taken by all the famous invaders of the subcontinent. Alexander the Great came this way from Taxila afore descending to Jhelum for his battle with Porus.
The fortified temple complex of Nandna stands atop a hill near Baghanwala village. It is at this very fort that the famous geographer, historian, traveller and mathematician Al-Beruni measuredthe circumference of the earth.
Nandna Fort was presumably constructed near Nandna Pass so that tax could be charged from traders and attacks from invaders from Afghanistan and Turkey could be thwarted. Alexander the Great also came from this pass after staying in Taxila and fought his last battle with Raja Porus atthe bank of Jehlum River, a few kilometres away from Nandna Fort.
About a half kilometer northeast of the village of Kotli Maqbara, the Abdul Nabi Khan Mausoleum r... more About a half kilometer northeast of the village of Kotli Maqbara, the Abdul Nabi Khan Mausoleum rises elegantly from the fields. It was likely constructed in the era of Shah Jehan, but no definitive historical evidence links it to any particular person. The Pakistani travel writer Salman Rashid notes that "Built as it is in the middle of a great nowhere and in the absence of any accessible historical reference to it, it has quite naturally acquired a metaphysical complexion and the locals attribute it to the jinns"
Biopics have become call of the day for Bollywood as they not only give honor to the legends but ... more Biopics have become call of the day for Bollywood as they not only give honor to the legends but are also being appreciated and enjoyed by the audience. From kings and queen to gangsters and freedom fighters; several movies had been made throughout the time. There have been many biopics made recently on various personalities but these days, sports biopics have become popular. For many they are the dream project and for some it is a medium to pay tribute to their favorite sports star; but for the audience it is the moment of inspiration and rejoicing and reliving the victory of their favorite sports person.
The All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) was formed in 1993, as a political platform of the
sep... more The All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) was formed in 1993, as a political platform of the
separatist movement. It was an extension of the conglomerate of parties that had come together
to contest Assembly polls against a National Conference-Congress alliance in 1987 — an
election that was widely alleged to have been rigged. The conglomerate of disparate ideologies
was held together by their common position that Jammu & Kashmir was “under occupation of
India”, and the collective demand that “the wishes and aspirations of the people of the state
should be ascertained for a final resolution of the dispute”.
At a time when militancy was at its peak, this conglomerate represented the political face of the
militant movement, and claimed to “represent the wishes and aspirations of the people”. It had
brought together two separate, but strong ideologies: those who sought J&K’s independence
from both India and Pakistan, and those who wanted J&K to become part of Pakistan.
Game of thrones is a great treat for fantasy and medieval lovers. It have a number of themes and ... more Game of thrones is a great treat for fantasy and medieval lovers. It have a number of themes and a lot of multi-dimensional characters. Its main focus is on struggle to gain power but beside this Since it premiere back in 2011, Game of Thrones has had a problem with women. When the show wasn't stripping them naked in the interest of "sexposition," it was at best relegating them to the sidelines and at worst showing them be brutally raped. Defenders of the show like to say that everyone on Game of Thrones, gender notwithstanding, is in danger of being brutally raped in this medieval-inspired world, but so far women have withstood the bulk of the sexual violence.
The story board conveys information such as: What characters are in the frame, and how are they m... more The story board conveys information such as: What characters are in the frame, and how are they moving? What are the characters saying to each other, if anything? How much time has passed between the last frame of the storyboard and the current one? Where the "camera" is in the scene? Close or far away? Is the camera moving? We can make changes to our storyboard before we start animating, instead of changing our minds later. We will also be able to talk about our animation and show our storyboard to other people to get feedback on our ideas. Most commonly storyboards are made by a simple piece of paper and pencil. Sketching out what happens scene by scene. The pictures don’t have to perfect, drawing the pictures out shouldn’t take long, only a few minutes. Make it easy by using simple shapes, stick figures and simple backgrounds.
The seven years war changed economic, political, governmental, and social relations between Brita... more The seven years war changed economic, political, governmental, and social relations between Britain, France, and Spain, their colonies and colonists, and the natives that inhabited the territories they claimed. France and Britain both suffered financially because of the war, with significant long-term consequences.
The Seven Years' War nearly doubled Britain's national debt. The Crown, seeking sources of revenue to pay off the debt, attempted to impose new taxes on its colonies. These attempts were met with increasingly stiff resistance, until troops were called in to ensure that representatives of the Crown could safely perform their duties. These acts ultimately led to the start of the American Revolutionary War. For France, the military defeat and the financial burden of the war weakened the monarchy and contributed to the advent of the French Revolution in 1789.
France returned to North America in 1778 with the establishment of a Franco-American alliance against Great Britain in the American War of Independence.
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Papers by Rai Farhatullah
human figures. Muslims in the Ottoman and Persian Empires in the 15th
and 16th centuries produced a wonderful collection of art representing
episodes from Mohammed's life complete with images of Mohammed,
angels, animals and ordinary people. Ottoman sultans commissioned
portraits of themselves and illustrated records of historical events and
battles. Titian painted a portrait of Süleyman the Magnificent and
Gentile Bellini painted Mohammed II. The public however did not
know about these works of art. It was rationalized that it wasn't
necessarily a sin to possess these works of art, it was only a sin to
display them ostentatiously. This same reasoning was used to justify
gambling, drinking, the making of eunuchs and womanizing (also
against Muslim law) in private."
Mughal Empire (1526–1857). This new style combined elements of Islamic art and architecture,
which had been introduced to India during the Delhi Sultanate (1192–1398) and had produced
great monuments such as the Qutb Minar, with features of Persian art and architecture. Mughal
monuments are found chiefly in N India, but there are also many remains in Pakistan.
The fortified temple complex of Nandna stands atop a hill near Baghanwala village. It is at this very fort that the famous geographer, historian, traveller and mathematician Al-Beruni measuredthe circumference of the earth.
Nandna Fort was presumably constructed near Nandna Pass so that tax could be charged from traders and attacks from invaders from Afghanistan and Turkey could be thwarted. Alexander the Great also came from this pass after staying in Taxila and fought his last battle with Raja Porus atthe bank of Jehlum River, a few kilometres away from Nandna Fort.
separatist movement. It was an extension of the conglomerate of parties that had come together
to contest Assembly polls against a National Conference-Congress alliance in 1987 — an
election that was widely alleged to have been rigged. The conglomerate of disparate ideologies
was held together by their common position that Jammu & Kashmir was “under occupation of
India”, and the collective demand that “the wishes and aspirations of the people of the state
should be ascertained for a final resolution of the dispute”.
At a time when militancy was at its peak, this conglomerate represented the political face of the
militant movement, and claimed to “represent the wishes and aspirations of the people”. It had
brought together two separate, but strong ideologies: those who sought J&K’s independence
from both India and Pakistan, and those who wanted J&K to become part of Pakistan.
The Seven Years' War nearly doubled Britain's national debt. The Crown, seeking sources of revenue to pay off the debt, attempted to impose new taxes on its colonies. These attempts were met with increasingly stiff resistance, until troops were called in to ensure that representatives of the Crown could safely perform their duties. These acts ultimately led to the start of the American Revolutionary War. For France, the military defeat and the financial burden of the war weakened the monarchy and contributed to the advent of the French Revolution in 1789.
France returned to North America in 1778 with the establishment of a Franco-American alliance against Great Britain in the American War of Independence.
human figures. Muslims in the Ottoman and Persian Empires in the 15th
and 16th centuries produced a wonderful collection of art representing
episodes from Mohammed's life complete with images of Mohammed,
angels, animals and ordinary people. Ottoman sultans commissioned
portraits of themselves and illustrated records of historical events and
battles. Titian painted a portrait of Süleyman the Magnificent and
Gentile Bellini painted Mohammed II. The public however did not
know about these works of art. It was rationalized that it wasn't
necessarily a sin to possess these works of art, it was only a sin to
display them ostentatiously. This same reasoning was used to justify
gambling, drinking, the making of eunuchs and womanizing (also
against Muslim law) in private."
Mughal Empire (1526–1857). This new style combined elements of Islamic art and architecture,
which had been introduced to India during the Delhi Sultanate (1192–1398) and had produced
great monuments such as the Qutb Minar, with features of Persian art and architecture. Mughal
monuments are found chiefly in N India, but there are also many remains in Pakistan.
The fortified temple complex of Nandna stands atop a hill near Baghanwala village. It is at this very fort that the famous geographer, historian, traveller and mathematician Al-Beruni measuredthe circumference of the earth.
Nandna Fort was presumably constructed near Nandna Pass so that tax could be charged from traders and attacks from invaders from Afghanistan and Turkey could be thwarted. Alexander the Great also came from this pass after staying in Taxila and fought his last battle with Raja Porus atthe bank of Jehlum River, a few kilometres away from Nandna Fort.
separatist movement. It was an extension of the conglomerate of parties that had come together
to contest Assembly polls against a National Conference-Congress alliance in 1987 — an
election that was widely alleged to have been rigged. The conglomerate of disparate ideologies
was held together by their common position that Jammu & Kashmir was “under occupation of
India”, and the collective demand that “the wishes and aspirations of the people of the state
should be ascertained for a final resolution of the dispute”.
At a time when militancy was at its peak, this conglomerate represented the political face of the
militant movement, and claimed to “represent the wishes and aspirations of the people”. It had
brought together two separate, but strong ideologies: those who sought J&K’s independence
from both India and Pakistan, and those who wanted J&K to become part of Pakistan.
The Seven Years' War nearly doubled Britain's national debt. The Crown, seeking sources of revenue to pay off the debt, attempted to impose new taxes on its colonies. These attempts were met with increasingly stiff resistance, until troops were called in to ensure that representatives of the Crown could safely perform their duties. These acts ultimately led to the start of the American Revolutionary War. For France, the military defeat and the financial burden of the war weakened the monarchy and contributed to the advent of the French Revolution in 1789.
France returned to North America in 1778 with the establishment of a Franco-American alliance against Great Britain in the American War of Independence.