Otolaryngology

Vocal cord paralysis is a disease that can cause voice disability and aspiration problems. Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE; Gore-Tex) has been widely used in cardiovascular and plastic surgery; however, its biocompatibility and safety have not been established precisely in the larynx. In this study, the biocompatibility and safety of ePTFE used in vocal cord medialization in the rabbit larynx were assessed. Type 1 thyroplasty with Gore-Tex was performed on one side of the larynx in eight rabbits. A sham procedure was applied on the contralateral side of their larynx. The rabbits were sacrificed after 6 months, and macroscopic and microscopic evaluations and comparisons were performed. No significant inflammatory response to Gore-Tex or displacement of the implant was seen. There was only a tiny fibrotic capsule surrounding the material in each specimen. Intense eosinophilic cell infiltration was seen surrounding one rabbit specimen. Gore-Tex seems to be a biocompatible, stable, and reversible material that can be safely used in laryngeal framework surgery.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate hearing results of our experience with ionomeric bone cement repair of ossicular discontinuity between incus and stapes. STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred thirty-six patients who underwent incudostapedial rebridging ossiculoplasty with ionomeric bone cement were included in the study. Preoperative and postoperative audiologic results of incudostapedial rebridging ossiculoplasty with bone cement were evaluated. One year of follow-up is provided. RESULTS: The postoperative air-bone gap was less than 20 dB in 81.6 percent after one year. The mean preoperative and postoperative pure-tone avarages of the patients were 52.82 Ϯ 5.59 and 32.81 Ϯ 7.18 dB, respectively (P Ͻ 0.01). The mean preoperative and postoperative air-bone gaps were 35.83 Ϯ 4.73 and 16.54 Ϯ 5.01, respectively (P Ͻ 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences among the hearing results of different types of surgeries (P Ͼ 0.05). No complications in the middle ear related to bone cements were encountered. CONCLUSIONS: Incudostapedial rebridging ossiculoplasty with ionomeric bone cement is a reliable method for ossicular reconstruction that is cost effective and offers satisfactory hearing results in selected patients.

To assess the clinical significance of Ko¨rnerÕs septum (KS) or petrosquamosal (PS) lamina in different chronic ear pathologies, a surgical and anatomic study was carried out, in which the significance of KS was assessed in various otologic diseases. Of 639 patients who underwent ear surgery between 1998 and 2001, 426 were included in the study. The diagnoses were chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma (COM), tympanosclerosis (TS), adhesive otitis media (AOM) and cholesteatoma (COL) in 160, 100, 70 and 96 patients respectively. The operative records of the patients were reviewed for the presence of KS. There was antral blockage by KS in all patients who also had Cog (the middle portion of the PS lamina). KS was mostly seen in cases of TS. The prevalence of KS was not significantly different when the result of the COM group was compared with that of the COL and AOM groups (p > 0.05). The prevalence of KS was significantly higher in patients with TS than in those with COM. Both antral and epitympanic blockages were more prevalent in cases of TS than in those of COM (v 2 =3.9, p =0.04 and v 2 =6.6, p =0.01 respectively). There is a significant association between the presence of KS and TS. Based on this finding, it is recommended that a mastoidectomy be performed in cases of severe tympanosclerosis in order to remove KS. How the removal of this anatomic impact will affect the natural course of the disease is still a question that needs further investigation.

The objective of the study was to assess whether a relationship exists between the auditory brain stem response (ABR) results and diabetes mellitus with and without complications. In the clinical and audiometry laboratory settings, diabetic patients with and without complications (retinopathy and/or nephropathy) were examined using ABR testing, and the results were interpreted for their applicability in clinical practice. Fifty-nine

We present a supernumerary muscle in the anterior compartment of the neck previously undescribed in the English electronic literature--rectus cervicalis. History: A 3-year-old boy presented with a history of recurrent infections of a mid-line neck lesion with an associated skin tag. Treatment: This was excised under general anaesthetic. An unusual mid-line lesion consisting of a skin tag and a tubular tract and muscle bands running from a notched mandible to the manubrium were noted. Discussion: The anomalous muscle seen in this patient resembled the rectus abdominis muscle. Cases of rectus sternalis have been reported. The authors propose that this is the first recoded case of rectus cervicalis.

who presented with worsening stridor and hoarse voice. Flexible bronchoscopy revealed an oedematous and narrowed subglottic area. Cytomegalovirus was cultured from swabs taken from the subglottic area. The patient was treated with oral ganciclovir with full resolution of symptoms. This represents the first described case of CMV associated with subglottic narrowing confirmed by bronchoscopy.

Malignant triton tumor (MTT) is a relatively rare, aggressive tumor comprised of both malignant schwannoma cells and malignant rhabdomyoblasts. Only three cases of MTT which arose after radiation therapy were reported in the literature. We presented an additional case of MTT arising after radiotherapy and disscussed its clinical and pathological characteristics.

Epidermoid cysts are rare benign tumors that are derived from the development of abnormally situated ectodermal tissue. Although they may originate from any part of the body head and neck region is occasionally affected. Epidermoid cyst originating from pterygopalatine fossa has not been reported previously in the literature. We report the first case of epidermoid cyst of pterygomaxillary fossa in this study.

The CT and MRI findings in a case of chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone are reported. Although chondrosarcoma is the second most common primary malignant bone tumor, only 10 % of chondrosarcomas occur in the head and neck region. The hyoid bone is a rare site of involvement with only seven cases reported previously.

Objective: The purpose was to find out whether there is a relationship between the central nervous system involvement and retinopathy in diabetes mellitus. Study Design: In a multidisciplinary clinical study, diabetic patients with and without retinopathy were examined utilising auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing, and the results were interpreted from clinical and pathophysiological point of view. Patients and Methods: Thirty-three

Tuberculosis can affect every organ, most importantly the lungs, and worldwide it is the leading cause of death attributable to a single infectious agent. Tuberculous involvement of the neck is also possible. Patients mostly present with masses or draining fistulas in the neck, which are mostly located in the posterior cervical, submandibular, and supraclavicular regions. We report on a soldier who presented with a tuberculous deep neck infection, followed by miliary tuberculosis. The clinical presentation and diagnostic dilemmas are discussed.

Congenital hearing loss is a common birth defect that affects approximately 1-3 children per 1000 births. [1] Among the etiological factors affecting prelingual deaf patients, 60% are hereditary, while 40% are environmental or iatrogenic. [1,2] The etiology of congenital sensorineural hearing loss remains largely unknown. One hypothesis is that immuno-logical factors are responsible for disease development. [3,4] Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at position-308 of the TNF-α gene, at position-174 of the IL-6 gene, and at position +874 of the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) gene were previously shown to be associated with inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. [5,6]

Özet: A¤›r konjenital iflitme kayb›nda glutatyon peroksidaz ve katalaz enzim gen polymorfizmleri Amaç: Bu çal›flman›n amac› konjenital a¤›r iflitme kayb› olan koklear implantl› hastalarda glutatyon peroksidaz 1 geni (GPX1) üzerindeki kodon 200 polimorfizmini ve katalaz geni (CAT) üzerindeki A/T de¤iflimlerini araflt›rmak idi. Yöntem: Do¤ufltan iflitme kayb› olan 65 koklear implant hastas› ve yafl ve cinsiyet eflleflmeli 100 gönüllü 2011 ila 2013 y›llar› aras›nda de¤erlendirilmifltir. Tuzla çökeltme yöntemi kullan›larak periferik kan numunelerinden genomik DNA ekstrakte edilmifltir. Polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu ve restriksiyon fragment uzunluk polimorfizmleri kullan›larak CAT geninin promoter bölgesindeki T/A polimorfizmi (rs7943316) ve GPX1 gen kodon 200 prolinin lösine çevrimi (rs1050450) belirlenmifltir. Bulgular: GPX1 üstündeki kodon 2000 içindeki CC ve CT genotipleri aras›nda istatistiksel aç›dan anlaml› herhangi bir istatistiksel aç›dan anlaml› farkl›l›k bulunmam›flt›r (CC, p=0.10; CT, p=0.48). Ancak TT genotipi aç›s›ndan istatistiksel aç›dan anlaml› bir farkl›l›k vard› (p=0.04). CAT promoter bölgesi aç›s›ndan hastalarla kontrol grupla-r› aras›nda istatistiksel aç›dan anlaml› bir farkl›l›k yoktu (AA, p=0.41; TA, p=0.16; TT, p=0.08). Sonuç: Sonuç olarak GPX1 kodon 200 üzerindeki TT genotipi konjenital a¤›r sensorinöral iflitme kayb›yla iliflkili olabilir.