Papers by Solomon Musa Dauda
Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, Mar 1, 2021
In this study, a simple manually operated briquetting machine suitable for use in rural community... more In this study, a simple manually operated briquetting machine suitable for use in rural community with no access to electricity supply was fabricated. A three (3) tone hydraulic jack and a pressure gauge were installed to allow for pressure variation. Some physical and combustion properties such as the compressed density, shatter index, hydrophobicity, combustion rate and ignition time of the produced briquettes were determined at the three (3) different compaction pressures of 420.4  kN/m2 , 525.5  kN/m2 and 630.6  kN/m2 . Rice husk (RH), sawdust (SD) and composite briquettes of rice husk and sawdust (RH/SD) were produced using cassava starch as a binder. The developed biomass briquetting machine had a minimum and maximum production capacities of 20 kg/hr and 30 kg/hr respectively. The results showed that the physical properties improved at an increasing compaction pressure. All the produced briquettes at different compaction pressures from the different biomass exhibited over 90% shatter index while the briquette produced from RH at compaction pressure of 525.5 kN/m2 had the highest combustion rate. The RH/SD briquette moulded at compaction pressure of 630.6 kN/m2 had the least combustion rate. The ignition time of the briquettes increased with increasing compaction pressure from 1.28 to 1.58. However, this study found that the RH biomass briquette exhibited a superior solid fuel quality property compared to the other briquette samples. Therefore, this study recommends the RH briquette as a sustainable source of solid biofue
Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Journal, 2016
This study was carried out to determine some engineering properties of germinating shoot of Palmy... more This study was carried out to determine some engineering properties of germinating shoot of Palmyra Palm tree (Borassus aethiopum) relevant to the design of an agricultural harvesting machine. Seed volume, sphericity, weight, surface area, aspect ratio and compressive strength were determined at three different moisture contents of 41.72%, 26.11% and 18.39% (wb) respectively. Standard methods and instruments were used to conduct the experiments. The results of the physical properties revealed that the major, intermediate and minor diameters, surface area and weight increased with the increase in moisture content. The maximum mean values of the major, intermediate and minor diameters were 280.00 mm, 33.00 mm and 25.90 mm respectively while the minimum mean values were 209.67 mm, 16.67 mm and 15.21 mm at the three moisture contents respectively. The mean coefficient of variation for the major, intermediate and minor diameters were 10.57%, 32.84% and 10.59% respectively. The statistica...
Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, 2002
Rice threshing in Nigeria remains a problem to the average peasant farmer. The techniques for thr... more Rice threshing in Nigeria remains a problem to the average peasant farmer. The techniques for threshing rice are still the traditional method of hand beating. This method is laborious, time wasting and not economical. Aalso the commonly available rice threshers are the imported ones which are not affordable to amjority of the farmers. In an attempt to address this problem, a rice thresher/cleaner was designed, fabricated and evaluated. Physical properties of Faro 51 rice such as length and breadth of grain, grain/straw ratio and moisture content were studied. The thresher was evaluated in terms of threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency and percentage grain loss. At an average moisture content of 13.83% (wet basis), and design cylinder speed of 556rpm, test results reveal that the thresher has a threshing and cleaning efficiencies of 98.01 and 99.32% respectively and total percent losses of 4.78%. The thresher has an output capacity of 267.9 kgh-1
Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Journal, 2020
Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Journal, 2020
Abstract: This study presents investigation of orange peels and corn cobs being some of the numer... more Abstract: This study presents investigation of orange peels and corn cobs being some of the numerous biomass wastes in Nigeria to determine their characteristics through briquetting technology. This is part of the efforts geared towards production of fuel product from agro-waste biomass and a more environmentally friendly fuel that can be used as an alternative fuel to the commonly used fossil fuel that has brought about global warming threatening our environment and the earth. This effort is also to reduce our over-dependence on the use of fuel-wood so as to reduce its consequences on climate change and other consequences on the environment. In the process, orange peels and corn cobs were collected from within the environment of Chanchaga and Kasuwan-Gwari Local Government Area of Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. The materials were sun-dried and milled using locally fabricated harmer mill, sieved through a 2.36mm sieve and mixed in the ratio of 20:80, 80:20, and 50:50 – orange peels to...
Pertanika journal of tropical agricultural science, 2015
This study focused on the development of an efficient cutting system for kenaf harvesters. Labora... more This study focused on the development of an efficient cutting system for kenaf harvesters. Laboratory experiments were conducted on cutting kenaf stems of variety V36 using a rotary serrated cutting system. The Torque Trak 10k data acquisition system was used for the experiment. The effect of cutting speed on cutting torque and cutting power of varying kenaf-stem diameters and at different moisture contents was investigated. Four different cutting speeds of 400 rpm, 500 rpm, 600 rpm and 700 rpm were used. The experiments showed that cutting speed had significant effect on cutting torque and cutting power requirements. The cutting speed was directly proportional to the specific cutting power, while the cutting torque was inversely proportional to the moisture content. Increasing the rotational speed from 400 rpm to 700 rpm reduced the cutting torque from 1.91 Nm to 1.49 Nm. The cutting torque was observed to be higher at lower moisture levels of less than 35%. As the moisture content...
The aim of this work was to determine some physical properties of neem fruits, nuts and kernels t... more The aim of this work was to determine some physical properties of neem fruits, nuts and kernels that may guide the design of processing equipment. Physical properties were determined in the fresh state. Those of the kernels were also determined as a function of moisture content (44.51 7.20% w.b). Major, intermediate, minor, geometric and arithmetic mean diameters; sphericity and surface area had the following ranges: 10.12 to 11.34 mm, 3.55 to 4.55 mm, 3.10 to 4.19 mm, 4.70 to 5.99 mm, 5.52 to 6.69 mm, 0.47 to 0.53 mm and 70.05 to 195.10 mm respectively. The parameters decreased with a decrease in moisture content. 1000 kernel mass decreased nonuniformly from 182.8 to 113 g. The bulk and true densities decreased with moisture content from 580.33 to 519.26 kgm -3 and 1085.50 to 955.06 kgm -3 respectively. Porosity decreased from 47.30 to 45.63% with decrease in moisture content. A linear relationship relating diameter of fruit to that of nut was established.
Food Research, 2019
Raphia palm tree (faminifera) is one of the most economically useful plants in Africa, the leaves... more Raphia palm tree (faminifera) is one of the most economically useful plants in Africa, the leaves are used for shelter and the stem produces palm sap, which is consumed as a beverage. Physical and mechanical properties of raphia palm kernel were studied at three different moisture content levels of 9.69%, 14.69%, and 19.69% using standard methods and instruments. The physical properties studied were minor, intermediate, major and geometric mean diameters, arithmetic means diameter, surface area, sphericity, aspect ratio, angle of repose, bulk density, and coefficient of static friction. While the mechanical properties were maximum force, bioyield force, and deformation. The result of the physical properties of the kernel determined revealed that major diameter ranged between 42.41-43.43 mm, intermediate diameter ranged between 35.88-36.69 mm, minor diameter ranged between 23.81-25.31 mm, geometric mean diameter ranged between 33.09-34.29 mm, sphericity ranged between 7.80-7.93, surface area ranged between 32.01-34.31 cm 2 , true density ranged between 1.17-1.50 g/mm 3 , bulk density ranged between 0.8-1.19 g/ mm 3 , porosity ranged between 31.62-42.18%, angle of repose ranged between 40.24-42.18 o and coefficient of static friction ranged between 2.55-0.44, 0.5-0.14 on plywood and steel respectively. While the mechanical properties ranged between 11.01-30.06 kN for maximum force, 5.6-12 kN for bioyield point and 10.55-12.75 mm for deformation on horizontal loading and 9.44-11.77 kN for maximum force, 4.7-3.8 kN for bioyield point and 8.1-7.70 mm deformation on vertical loading. Consequently, the result will provide data for efficient handling and equipment design to the engineer.
Two types of cane juice extraction systems have been developed through research efforts to extrac... more Two types of cane juice extraction systems have been developed through research efforts to extract sugarcane juice in the small scale sugar processing technology in Nigeria. The first type of juice extraction system that was developed is the roller model where whole sugar cane stalks of 3 to 4 are fed into rotating rollers to extract juice from the canes. The two juice extraction systems were roller cane crusher and cane cutter/juice expeller. About 1000 kg of approximated quantities of sugar cane samples in three replications were crushed to extract the juice in each juice extraction system. The brix of the juice and quantity collected were recorded and weighed for each sample. The baggasse were subjected to sun and oven drying in order to expel the remaining moisture. The weight of moisture left in the baggasse, juice extraction efficiencies and machine capacities were computed in order to determine the process parameters. Results indicated that the cane juice cutter and expeller ...
In this study, selected physical properties (size and shape, volume and density, surface area, we... more In this study, selected physical properties (size and shape, volume and density, surface area, weight, spherecity, coefficient of friction, angle of repose, as well as terminal velocity) of the brown type of tiger nut seed were determined using standard procedures. The average values of the surface area (206.12 mm 2), geometric mean diameter (7.29 mm), spherecity (74.39 %), coefficient of friction for the three materials used were 0.37, 0.32 and 0.26 respectively (0.32), the mean values of the angle of repose of tiger nut seed for wood (20.5°), glass (17.°5) and metal (14.4°) and terminal velocity of 17.60 mm/s of the tiger nut seed at moisture content of 17 % (wb) were used in this study. These data are important for designing of cleaning and sorting machines of Tiger nut seeds.
Academic Research International
The potential of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) as an industrial commercial crop has been exploit... more The potential of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) as an industrial commercial crop has been exploited in recent times. Recent findings from field studies have drawn attention to the need to develop an efficient kenaf harvesting machine. Hence, field equipment for harvesting whole kenaf stems continues to be of interest in Kenaf production. In this study, kenaf harvesting machine incorporating a rotary serrated cutting system was developed at Universiti Putra Malaysia. The kenaf harvester which can harvest both row and broadcast planted kenaf is tractor mounted and comprises of hydraulic, cutting and the gathering systems. The parameters evaluated were the harvesting field efficiency (FE), effective field capacity (EFC) and machine material capacity (MC). Kenaf varieties V36 and FH 952 were used for the experiments to determine the performance of the machine. Different tractor speeds ranging from 2.0 to 7.7 km hr-1 were used. The optimal operating forward speed at 3.7 km hr-1 achieved ...
Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia, 2014
Physical and mechanical properties of kenaf stem Malaysian variety V 36 were studied. The physica... more Physical and mechanical properties of kenaf stem Malaysian variety V 36 were studied. The physical properties revealed maximum plant height was 310 cm and the lowest was 150 cm. Maximum stem diameter was 30 mm and the smallest was 14 mm. The mechanical properties revealed the maximum cutting force and shearing energy were 1584.55 N and 8.75 J, respectively for 35% moisture content. While 694.86 N and 3.50 J were recorded for 72% moisture content. The Young's modulus ranged between 67.59 MPa to 234.24 MPa. The greater shearing energy was obtained at the lower levels in the stem.
Proceedings of the Nigerian Institution of Agricultural Engineers (a division of the Nigerian Society of Engineers)., 1999
Journal of Agricultural Technology (JAT),, 2005
Proceedings of the Nigerian Institution of Agricultural Engineers (a division of the Nigerian Society of Engineers)., 2006
Proceedings of the Nigerian Institution of Agricultural Engineers (a division of the Nigerian Society of Engineers)., 2006
International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR), 2012
The effect of Blending speed on blending efficiency and consistency of drink produced from a Grai... more The effect of Blending speed on blending efficiency and consistency of drink produced from a Grains drink processing machine was studied. Three grain types of two varieties each for maize (zea mays), soybean (glycine max) and guinea corn (sorghum bicolor) were blended at speeds of 1400 r.p.m, 1300 r.p.m, 1000 r.p.m and 800 r.p.m using vertical-horizontal blade assembly. The drinks from the grains were also extracted by centrifugal separation using the same machine and the blending efficiency and drink consistency were analyzed. The result obtained showed that blending speed of 1400 r. p. m had the highest blending efficiency of 79.48% and consistency of 89.6% on dehulled white maize when blended for 600 seconds while blending speed of 800 r.p.m had the least blending efficiency and consistency of 20.03% and 24.5% respectively on dehulled yellow maize for the same blending time interval of 600 seconds. The development of this machine would solve the on-demand of automated production of grain drinks in the food industry.
International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR), 2012
The performance of a locally fabricated rice milling machine at Federal University of Technology,... more The performance of a locally fabricated rice milling machine at Federal University of Technology, Minna was evaluated to determine the behavior of different paddy varieties at different conditions during milling. The varieties used were: FARO52, Nerica1 and FARO55 which represent long, medium and short grain respectively commonly grown by Nigerian farmers. Ten kilogram of each variety was fed into the machine and milled at burr speed of 900 rpm. The milled rice were collected at grain outlet and examined for milled, unmilled and broken grains. From the performance test carried out, the milling efficiency, cleaning efficiency, input capacity, output capacity and average percentage of head rice yield obtained were 90.22%, 90.2%, 27.3kg/hr, 16.47kg/hr, and 44.2% respectively. Total losses, grain recovery range, capacity utilization, milling index, milling intensity, milling rate, milling recovery and co-efficient of husking were 2.5%, 97.5%, 60.3%, 53%, 0.137kg/hr, 14.8kg/hr, 48.8% and 94.8% respectively. The effectiveness of the milling machine is said to be dependent on the paddy varieties and sizes, paddy conditions, milling duration, speed of burr and operator's skill. The result of this performance evaluation can be used by future research in performance optimization of this machine and of course any rice milling machine. The results can also be used in modeling performance evaluation of any rice milling machine.
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Papers by Solomon Musa Dauda