Bulletin Canadien D Histoire De La Medecine Canadian Bulletin of Medical History, Feb 1, 2008
This study examines the asymmetries among the different interests of officials and medical doctor... more This study examines the asymmetries among the different interests of officials and medical doctors who worked for the Rockefeller Foundation and their Colombian counterparts in the development and consolidation of the concept of "jungle yellow fever," as distinguished from the known urban form of
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1) To delineate the basic mechanisms that provide stability to a joint, with ... more LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1) To delineate the basic mechanisms that provide stability to a joint, with emphasis on joint shape, axis and patterns of movement, and passive and active stabilizers. 2) To define the role of intraarticular, capsular, and extracapsular ligaments as they pertain to joint stability. 3) To detail the stabilizing role of additional intraarticular or extraarticular structures, such as the menisci of the knee, the glenouhumeral ligaments and labrum of the shoulder, and the bone architecture of the elbow. 4) To establish commonly encountered mechanisms of injury and their resultant instability patterns in the elbow, shoulder, and knee. 5) To distinguish instability patterns in the elbow, shoulder and knee that result from acute traumatic episodes versus chronic repetitive microtrauma. ABSTRACT
PURPOSE/AIM The purpose of this exhibit is: 1) To review the types and most common locations of l... more PURPOSE/AIM The purpose of this exhibit is: 1) To review the types and most common locations of lymphomas involving the gastrointestinal tract in HIV patients 2) To discuss imaging features of lymphomas involving the GI tract 3) To review a practical and evidence-based approach for work-up and follow-up of these patients CONTENT ORGANIZATION 1) Types and most common locations of lymphomas that involve the GI tract in HIV patients 2) Imaging features: patterns of involvement, patterns of enhancement 3) Evidence – based approach for work-up and follow up 4) Clinical relevance and clinical impact Important concepts are illustrated with schematic diagrams and multi-modality imaging. Emphasis is placed on practical approaches and fundamental concepts. SUMMARY The major teaching points of this exhibit are: 1) To differentiate the types of lymphomas that affect the GI tract in HIV patients, their imaging features and most common locations 2) To make a reliable differential diagnosis in a H...
PURPOSE/AIM The purpose of this exhibit is: 1) Review basic principles of tumoral biomarkers and ... more PURPOSE/AIM The purpose of this exhibit is: 1) Review basic principles of tumoral biomarkers and their principal clinical applications. 2) Discuss the utility of the most frequently used tumoral biomarkers with imaging and pathologic correlation. 3) Review a practical and evidence-based approach for work-up and follow-up of most common malignancies. CONTENT ORGANIZATION 1) History, definition and rationale for most frequently used cancer biomarkers 2) Rationale for combining tumor biomarkers with imaging modalities: a tumor modality basis 3) Evidence – based approach for screening, work-up and follow up of most common malignancies using a combined approach: tumor biomarkers and imaging modalities. Important concepts are illustrated with schematic diagrams, multi-modality imaging, and histopathological correlation. SUMMARY The major teaching points of this exhibit are: 4) Adequate knowledge of pathophysiology and rationale of tumoral biomarkers is crucial for adequate interpretation ...
PURPOSE Anatomic studies have shown that few fibers of the anteromedial and posterolateral bundle... more PURPOSE Anatomic studies have shown that few fibers of the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) partially blend with the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus root ligament (AHLMR) fibers. This close relationship between the ACL and the AHLMR through these blended fibers (BF) might be a pathway for spread of lesions affecting the ACL. We sought to systematically evaluate the prevalence and association of ACL degenerative and traumatic lesions with abnormal MR appearance of AHLMR. METHOD AND MATERIALS In a single cadaveric knee, the tibial attachment of the AHLM root ligament and ACL was imaged on an 11.7T MR system with a 3D GRE (TR20ms, TE7ms) sequence (112x112x120μm resolution). Two blinded readers retrospectively reviewed 500 consecutive knee MRI examinations (6 month period). Studies were searched for the presence of ACL lesions (degenerative mucoid lesions or traumatic tears), abnormal appearance of AHLMR (degeneration or tear) and inc...
We obtained high-resolution 11.7-T MR images of the pulleys of the flexor tendons in cadaveric to... more We obtained high-resolution 11.7-T MR images of the pulleys of the flexor tendons in cadaveric toe specimens. A detailed understanding of toe pulley anatomy as seen with MR is likely to be of benefit in recognizing disease and the effects of trauma. Six cadaveric toes were imaged with an 11.7-T small-bore MR imaging system using optimized coils. Two-dimensional dual-echo SE scans were obtained in three planes (40 × 40 × 400-μm(3) voxel size, TE = 7/14 ms, TR = 3,500 ms, fat saturation). Three-dimensional spoiled gradient echo scans were obtained (90-150 μm(3) isotropic voxel size, TE = 6 ms, TR = 25 ms, with and without fat saturation). Specimen orientation was with the long axis of the toe either parallel or perpendicular to B0. All the annular (A) pulleys were demonstrated in the great and lesser toes. The A2 pulley in the great and lesser toes and the A4 pulley in the lesser toes were the most substantial pulleys. The A5 pulley, which has not previously been described in the toes, was demonstrated. The cruciform pulleys were also seen and were smaller and thinner. Three tissue layers were seen, and there was evidence of different fiber directions in annular pulleys producing different magic angle effects. Detailed anatomy of the pulley system of the flexor tendons was seen on the 11.7-T MR images showing new features and providing a basis for image interpretation. Similarities and differences between the pulley systems in the toes and the fingers were identified.
The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of altered MRI appearances of "p... more The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of altered MRI appearances of "posterior medial meniscus root ligament (PMMRL)" lesions, introduce a classification of lesion types, and report associated findings. We retrospectively reviewed 419 knee MRI studies to identify the presence of PMMRL lesions. Classification was established on the basis of lesions encountered. The medial compartment was assessed for medial meniscal tears in the meniscus proper, medial meniscal extrusion, insertional PMMRL osseous changes, regional synovitis, osteoarthritis, insufficiency fracture, and cruciate ligament abnormality. PMMRL abnormalities occurred in 28.6% (120/419) of the studies: degeneration, 14.3% (60/419) and tear, 14.3% (60/419). Our classification system included degeneration and tearing. Tearing was categorized as partial or complete with delineation of the point of failure as entheseal, midsubstance, or junction to meniscus. Of all tears, 93.3% (56/60) occurred a...
To determine the feasibility of using MR microscopy to characterize the root ligaments of the hum... more To determine the feasibility of using MR microscopy to characterize the root ligaments of the human knee at both ultra-high-field (11.7 T) and high-field (3 T) strengths. Seven fresh cadaveric knees were used for this study. Six specimens were imaged at 11.7 T and one specimen at 3 T using isotropic or near-isotropic voxels. Histologic correlation was performed on the posteromedial root ligament of one specimen. Meniscal root ligament shape, signal intensity, and ultrastructure were characterized. High-resolution, high-contrast volumetric images were generated from both MR systems. Meniscal root ligaments were predominantly oval in shape. Increased signal intensity was most evident at the posteromedial and posterolateral root ligaments. On the specimen that underwent histologic preparation, increased signal intensity corresponded to regions of enthesis fibrocartilage. Collagen fascicles were continuous between the menisci and root ligaments. Predominantly horizontal meniscal radial tie fibers continued into the root ligaments as vertical endoligaments. MR microscopy can be used to characterize and delineate the distinct ultrastructure of the root ligaments on both ultra-high-field- and high-field-strength MR systems.
Canadian bulletin of medical history = Bulletin canadien d'histoire de la médecine, 2008
This study examines the asymmetries among the different interests of officials and medical doctor... more This study examines the asymmetries among the different interests of officials and medical doctors who worked for the Rockefeller Foundation and their Colombian counterparts in the development and consolidation of the concept of "jungle yellow fever," as distinguished from the known urban form of yellow fever. We explore the research responses to a variety of disease outbreaks in Colombia in the context of the Rockefeller campaigns against yellow fever, from the time of Roberto Franco's initial description of "yellow fever of the forests" in 1907 until the consolidation of the concept of "jungle yellow fever" by Fred Soper in 1938.
Bulletin Canadien D Histoire De La Medecine Canadian Bulletin of Medical History, Feb 1, 2008
This study examines the asymmetries among the different interests of officials and medical doctor... more This study examines the asymmetries among the different interests of officials and medical doctors who worked for the Rockefeller Foundation and their Colombian counterparts in the development and consolidation of the concept of "jungle yellow fever," as distinguished from the known urban form of
LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1) To delineate the basic mechanisms that provide stability to a joint, with ... more LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1) To delineate the basic mechanisms that provide stability to a joint, with emphasis on joint shape, axis and patterns of movement, and passive and active stabilizers. 2) To define the role of intraarticular, capsular, and extracapsular ligaments as they pertain to joint stability. 3) To detail the stabilizing role of additional intraarticular or extraarticular structures, such as the menisci of the knee, the glenouhumeral ligaments and labrum of the shoulder, and the bone architecture of the elbow. 4) To establish commonly encountered mechanisms of injury and their resultant instability patterns in the elbow, shoulder, and knee. 5) To distinguish instability patterns in the elbow, shoulder and knee that result from acute traumatic episodes versus chronic repetitive microtrauma. ABSTRACT
PURPOSE/AIM The purpose of this exhibit is: 1) To review the types and most common locations of l... more PURPOSE/AIM The purpose of this exhibit is: 1) To review the types and most common locations of lymphomas involving the gastrointestinal tract in HIV patients 2) To discuss imaging features of lymphomas involving the GI tract 3) To review a practical and evidence-based approach for work-up and follow-up of these patients CONTENT ORGANIZATION 1) Types and most common locations of lymphomas that involve the GI tract in HIV patients 2) Imaging features: patterns of involvement, patterns of enhancement 3) Evidence – based approach for work-up and follow up 4) Clinical relevance and clinical impact Important concepts are illustrated with schematic diagrams and multi-modality imaging. Emphasis is placed on practical approaches and fundamental concepts. SUMMARY The major teaching points of this exhibit are: 1) To differentiate the types of lymphomas that affect the GI tract in HIV patients, their imaging features and most common locations 2) To make a reliable differential diagnosis in a H...
PURPOSE/AIM The purpose of this exhibit is: 1) Review basic principles of tumoral biomarkers and ... more PURPOSE/AIM The purpose of this exhibit is: 1) Review basic principles of tumoral biomarkers and their principal clinical applications. 2) Discuss the utility of the most frequently used tumoral biomarkers with imaging and pathologic correlation. 3) Review a practical and evidence-based approach for work-up and follow-up of most common malignancies. CONTENT ORGANIZATION 1) History, definition and rationale for most frequently used cancer biomarkers 2) Rationale for combining tumor biomarkers with imaging modalities: a tumor modality basis 3) Evidence – based approach for screening, work-up and follow up of most common malignancies using a combined approach: tumor biomarkers and imaging modalities. Important concepts are illustrated with schematic diagrams, multi-modality imaging, and histopathological correlation. SUMMARY The major teaching points of this exhibit are: 4) Adequate knowledge of pathophysiology and rationale of tumoral biomarkers is crucial for adequate interpretation ...
PURPOSE Anatomic studies have shown that few fibers of the anteromedial and posterolateral bundle... more PURPOSE Anatomic studies have shown that few fibers of the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) partially blend with the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus root ligament (AHLMR) fibers. This close relationship between the ACL and the AHLMR through these blended fibers (BF) might be a pathway for spread of lesions affecting the ACL. We sought to systematically evaluate the prevalence and association of ACL degenerative and traumatic lesions with abnormal MR appearance of AHLMR. METHOD AND MATERIALS In a single cadaveric knee, the tibial attachment of the AHLM root ligament and ACL was imaged on an 11.7T MR system with a 3D GRE (TR20ms, TE7ms) sequence (112x112x120μm resolution). Two blinded readers retrospectively reviewed 500 consecutive knee MRI examinations (6 month period). Studies were searched for the presence of ACL lesions (degenerative mucoid lesions or traumatic tears), abnormal appearance of AHLMR (degeneration or tear) and inc...
We obtained high-resolution 11.7-T MR images of the pulleys of the flexor tendons in cadaveric to... more We obtained high-resolution 11.7-T MR images of the pulleys of the flexor tendons in cadaveric toe specimens. A detailed understanding of toe pulley anatomy as seen with MR is likely to be of benefit in recognizing disease and the effects of trauma. Six cadaveric toes were imaged with an 11.7-T small-bore MR imaging system using optimized coils. Two-dimensional dual-echo SE scans were obtained in three planes (40 × 40 × 400-μm(3) voxel size, TE = 7/14 ms, TR = 3,500 ms, fat saturation). Three-dimensional spoiled gradient echo scans were obtained (90-150 μm(3) isotropic voxel size, TE = 6 ms, TR = 25 ms, with and without fat saturation). Specimen orientation was with the long axis of the toe either parallel or perpendicular to B0. All the annular (A) pulleys were demonstrated in the great and lesser toes. The A2 pulley in the great and lesser toes and the A4 pulley in the lesser toes were the most substantial pulleys. The A5 pulley, which has not previously been described in the toes, was demonstrated. The cruciform pulleys were also seen and were smaller and thinner. Three tissue layers were seen, and there was evidence of different fiber directions in annular pulleys producing different magic angle effects. Detailed anatomy of the pulley system of the flexor tendons was seen on the 11.7-T MR images showing new features and providing a basis for image interpretation. Similarities and differences between the pulley systems in the toes and the fingers were identified.
The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of altered MRI appearances of "p... more The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of altered MRI appearances of "posterior medial meniscus root ligament (PMMRL)" lesions, introduce a classification of lesion types, and report associated findings. We retrospectively reviewed 419 knee MRI studies to identify the presence of PMMRL lesions. Classification was established on the basis of lesions encountered. The medial compartment was assessed for medial meniscal tears in the meniscus proper, medial meniscal extrusion, insertional PMMRL osseous changes, regional synovitis, osteoarthritis, insufficiency fracture, and cruciate ligament abnormality. PMMRL abnormalities occurred in 28.6% (120/419) of the studies: degeneration, 14.3% (60/419) and tear, 14.3% (60/419). Our classification system included degeneration and tearing. Tearing was categorized as partial or complete with delineation of the point of failure as entheseal, midsubstance, or junction to meniscus. Of all tears, 93.3% (56/60) occurred a...
To determine the feasibility of using MR microscopy to characterize the root ligaments of the hum... more To determine the feasibility of using MR microscopy to characterize the root ligaments of the human knee at both ultra-high-field (11.7 T) and high-field (3 T) strengths. Seven fresh cadaveric knees were used for this study. Six specimens were imaged at 11.7 T and one specimen at 3 T using isotropic or near-isotropic voxels. Histologic correlation was performed on the posteromedial root ligament of one specimen. Meniscal root ligament shape, signal intensity, and ultrastructure were characterized. High-resolution, high-contrast volumetric images were generated from both MR systems. Meniscal root ligaments were predominantly oval in shape. Increased signal intensity was most evident at the posteromedial and posterolateral root ligaments. On the specimen that underwent histologic preparation, increased signal intensity corresponded to regions of enthesis fibrocartilage. Collagen fascicles were continuous between the menisci and root ligaments. Predominantly horizontal meniscal radial tie fibers continued into the root ligaments as vertical endoligaments. MR microscopy can be used to characterize and delineate the distinct ultrastructure of the root ligaments on both ultra-high-field- and high-field-strength MR systems.
Canadian bulletin of medical history = Bulletin canadien d'histoire de la médecine, 2008
This study examines the asymmetries among the different interests of officials and medical doctor... more This study examines the asymmetries among the different interests of officials and medical doctors who worked for the Rockefeller Foundation and their Colombian counterparts in the development and consolidation of the concept of "jungle yellow fever," as distinguished from the known urban form of yellow fever. We explore the research responses to a variety of disease outbreaks in Colombia in the context of the Rockefeller campaigns against yellow fever, from the time of Roberto Franco's initial description of "yellow fever of the forests" in 1907 until the consolidation of the concept of "jungle yellow fever" by Fred Soper in 1938.
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