République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire
Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique
Ecole Supérieure des Sciences et Technologie
Extraction et analyse GC/MS de l’huile
essentielle de lavande
Présenté par : Devant le jury composé de :
BOUKERCHA Aya Narimane Mme. MOUAGAL Esma Présidente
LATLI Youssra Yassamine Mme. MECHRARA Samira
Examinatrice
Mme. FERROUKHI Ouassila Encadrante
Soutenu le : 19/06/2023
Sommaire
Extraction et
Introduction analyse
01
Présentation de l’étude
03 Extraction par hydrodistillation
Problématique Screening phytochimique
Objectifs Chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à
la spectrométrie de masse
Huiles essentielles et
lavande Conclusion et
02 Les huiles essentielles
04 perspectives
La lavande
01
Introduction
Introduction
Depuis la nuit des temps l’humanité fait appel au règne
végétal afin de satisfaire ses besoins essentiels de
subsistance et de guérison. En effet, la nature
renferment des composés qui offrent de nombreux
bénéfices.
L’interêt apporté à la phytotherapie et l’aromatherapie
ne cesse d’acroitre de nos jour, d’ou l’importance de se
focaliser sur ses domaines.
Problématique
Comment mettre en évidence les
composés d’une huile essentielle
extraite ?
02
Les huiles
essentielles et
la lavande
Les huiles essentielles
Définition
Extraits aromatiques concentrés, volatils d’aspect
fluide à épais et de couleur variable, composés de
molécules actifs issues de plantes utilisés pour leurs
propriétés thérapeutique.
Répartition et localisation
Objectifs
Valorisation des plantes médicinales Algérienne
Extraction des huiles essentielles par hydrodistillation
Analyse des composés par screening et GC/MS
Les huiles essentielles
Composition Utilisation
Agroalimentai
beauté
Agriculture
Santé
La lavande
La lavande
Répartition
géographique
Lavande Angustifolia
La lavande
Description
botanique
Répartition
géographique
Lavande Angustifolia
La lavande
Description Utilisations
botanique
Répartition
géographique
Lavande Angustifolia
La lavande
Description Utilisations
botanique
Répartition
géographique Effets thérapeutiques
Propriétés inflammatoires
Réduire le stress et l’anxiété
Propriétés antiseptiques
Lavande Angustifolia
03
Extraction et
analyse
Extraction par hydrodistillation
Réfrigérant
1. m0 = 54,501g
2. m0 = 40,003 g
3. m0 = 50 g
4. m0 = 40 g
Ballon
Chauffe
ballon
Extraction par hydrodistillation
Aspect des huiles extraites
Caractères organoleptiques
Couleur Aspect Odeur
Huiles essentielles
Extraction n°1 : Lavande sèche (Partie Aromatique
Jaune pâle Huileuse
aérienne seulement) Forte +++
Extraction n°2 : Lavande plus sèche (Partie Aromatique
Jaune pâle Huileuse
aérienne seulement) Forte +++
Extraction n°3 : Lavande fraiche (40 % Partie Aromatique
Jaune Huileuse
florale + 60 % Tiges) Forte +
Extraction n°4 : Lavande légèrement moins
Aromatique
fraiche que lot n°3 (62.5 % Partie florale + Jaune Huileuse
Forte ++
37,5 % Tiges)
Extraction par hydrodistillation
Résultats 𝑹%=
𝒎𝒊
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝒎𝟎
Masse de
Date de Date Poids Rendement
la plante
récolte d’extraction HE (g) (%)
m0 (g)
1 29/04/2023 11/05/2023 54.501 0.271 0.497
2 29/04/2023 14/05/2023 40.003 0.963 2.407
3 24/05/2023 28/05/2023 50 0.222 0.444
4 24/05/2023 01/06/2023 40 0.286 0,72
Extraction par hydrodistillation
Résultats
3
2.5 2
2 100 % partie aérienne
100 % partie aérienne
1.5 40 % partie aérienne +
60 % tiges
1
62,5 % partie aeri-
4 enne + 37,5 % tiges
1 3
0.5
0
Paramètres
Screening phytochimique
Phénols
Alcaloïde Tanins condensés
Protéines
Flavonoïdes Tanins gallique
Saponines
Anthocyane Terpénoïdes
Coumarines
Leucoanthocyane Glucides
Quinones
Stéroïdes Sucres réducteurs
Tanins
Acide gras Glycoside
Phlobatanins
Screening phytochimique
Phénols
Alcaloïde Tanins condensés
Protéines
Flavonoïdes Tanins gallique
Saponines
Anthocyane Terpénoïdes
Coumarines
Leucoanthocyane Glucides
Quinones
Stéroïdes Sucres réducteurs
Tanins
Acide gras Glycoside
Phlobatanins
Screening phytochimique
1 ml de
2 ml de
Terpénoïdes chloroforme
C4H6O3
1 ml de H2SO4
2 ml de Peser 5 mg de
3 ml de H2SO4 plantes broyées
Chloroforme
3-4 gouttes
d’Acétate de
cuivre
5 ml de filtrat
5 ml de filtrat
Chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à
la spectrométrie de masse
Principe
Méthode d’analyse quantitative et qualitative utilisée pour séparer et identifier des composés
Chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à
la spectrométrie de masse
Conditions opératoire
Conditions de l'analyse GC/MS
Colonne
Elite-5 MS
capillaire
Dimensions 30 m x 0,25 m x 0,25 µm
Gaz vecteur Helium (He)
Température de
280 C°
l'injecteur
Température de 50 C°(4 min) ║ 3,5 C°/min→ 220 C° ║
la colonne 15 C°/min → 290 C°
Débit 1 ml/min
Quantité injectée 1µL
Mode d'injection Split 1/50
Type d'ionisation Impacte électronique
Dilution 1/10
Chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à
la spectrométrie de masse
Résultats
Chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à
la spectrométrie de masse
Résultats
Eucalyptol
Chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à
la spectrométrie de masse
Résultats
Camphre
(Comphor)
Chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à
la spectrométrie de masse
Résultats
Trans Sabinene
Alpha Pinene Camphor Cétone cyclique
Hydrate
Beta Pinène Fenchone Pinocarvone Myrtenal
Eucalyptol Linalool Delta Terpineol Cavéole
Gamma Terpinene Alpha Compholene Terpineol Cuminic aldéhyde
Aldehyde
04
Conclusion
About This
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Mercury is the closest planet to the
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Table of Contents
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Venus Mars Saturn
Venus has a beautiful Despite being red, Mars is Saturn is composed of
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Jupiter is a gas giant and Mercury is the closest Neptune is the fourth-
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Mercury is the closest planet to the Venus has a beautiful name and is
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Despite being red, Mars is a It’s the biggest planet in the Saturn is composed of
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Venus Mars Saturn
Venus has a beautiful Despite being red, Mars is Saturn is composed of
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Mercury is the closest Despite being red, Mars is
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Venus has a beautiful It’s the biggest planet in
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Venus Mars Mercury
Venus has a beautiful name, Despite being red, Mars is Mercury is the closest planet
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Venus Mars Mercury
Venus has a beautiful name, Despite being red, Mars is a Mercury is the closest
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Mars very cold place
Venus has a beautiful name and is the
Venus second planet, it’s terribly hot
Mercury is the closest planet to the
Mercury Sun and the smallest
Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest
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Venus has a Despite being
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Mercury Jupiter
Mercury is a Jupiter is the
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Venus has a beautiful It’s the biggest planet in
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