SYNOPSIS... 11 Starting with Linus 1.2 Duties of System Administrator 1.3. Installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 99. ~_STARTING WITH LINUX re 126~ 142. 157g aged © 162-| Linux is a kemel/OS on the top of which a free open source OS based on Unix can be developed. Itis a multi-user and multi-tasking OS. Linux and UNIX programs are very similar. In fact, almost all programs written for UNIX can be compiled and run on Linux. Linux was developed by Linus Torvalds at the University of Helsinki, with the help of UNIX programmers from across the Internet. Linux comes with GNU PublicLicense 7 9 QA TG 171 -4dvantages of Linux 180-| @ ire wl Open source : One of the main advantages of Linux is that it is an open source operating system i.e. its source code is easily available for everyone. Anyone capable of coding can contribute, modify, enhance and distribute the code to anyone and for any purpose. Low cost : Linux is freely available on the web to download and use. You do not need to buy the license for it as Linux and many of its software come with GNU General Public License. This proved to be one of the major advantages Linux faces over Windows and other operating systems. You need to spend a huge amount to buy the license of Windows which is not the case with Linux, Performance : Linux provides high performance on various networks and workstations. It allows a large number of users to work simultaneously and handles them efficiently. Networking : Linux gives support for network functionality as it was written by programmers over the internet, Linux helps you to set up client and server systems on your computer systems casily and in a fast manner, Flexibility : Linux provides a high range of flexibility as you can install only required components. There is no need to install a full or complete suite.: srs nu Server Addins YA SEAL) (Sem Wy © Compatibility : Linux runs or executes all po: Jorge number of file formats, a‘ : © Witle cholce ¢ There are many distributions available also called distros of Linux, i provides various choices or flavors to the wer, You can select any distros m ceording ty come distros of Linux are Fedora, Ubuntt, Knopixx, Debian, Kali Linu ang re beginner you can use Ubunty or Kali Linux Linux can be easily installed from the web and docs nop ‘oldest systems. Get sible file formats and is compatible with g your needs many more, If you nr © Fast and easy installation require any prerequisites as it can run an any hardware, even an YOu! fe Multitasking, + Linux és a multitasking opernting system as it eit perform many tasky simultancously without any decrease in its speed such as downlonding a large file would not slow down the system, © Security + Linux is more secure in comparison to other operiitil ystems stich gy Windows, Linux is not completely secure as there is some malware £91 4 also but itis less Wriverable then others, Every program in Linux whether nn application oF © ee need vitpertgation from the administrator inthe form of a password, Unless the password i «There is no requirement of any anti-virus program in Linux, typed virus won't exe Avehitecture of Linux OS CD. - ~ xppicaions Compilers / -~ ioe ee fta \ \ (User) ( (ass) ) wi Cc / (Gar, > ed \ oa | fs (User3) ‘The architecture of a Linux System consists of following layers s (RAM/ HDD/ CPU etc). © Kernel ¢ It is the core component of Operating System, interacts dircetly with huardwat provides low level services to upper layer components, © Shell shell tal © Utilities systems, Distributions of Linux. © A Linux di k © Bach distribution provides a unique user experience. butions are als © Linus is actually just a kernel © Hardware layer : Hardware consists of all peripheral devi An interface to kernel, hiding complexity of kemnel's functions from users. TH commands from the user and executes kernel's functions. Jtility programs that provide the user most of the functionalities of an operat tribution is a collection of software app! nel and operating system, tions built on top of the Lit! © These dis known 8 Distro/Flavours,Gesing Started One can obtain the sox obtain and install many Linux installation are usually referred to as Linux systems, becanse ducy more than just the kernel Most of the utilities come from the GNU Project environments, Poppy Linux smafl as a 64MB 04 o20 Lin Server dination ESE ~ 17) (Sem, © iPodLinux : Yes, a version of Linux forthe iPod, It will lt you play free music form, such as Flac and Ogg files, as well as do daft things sueh as playing Doom. i © Lindow: The one thing that has been consistent inthe past 14 years is the obsession wy 7 raking Linux distibutions that look like Windows. One of the very fist was cal 7 Lindows but the name had 10 be changed because it was too close 10 a certain ot company's trademark. Lindows only appearance in the top 10 was in 2002 . position 9 although it went on to become Linspirc. [12_ DUTIES OF SYSTEM ADMINISTRATOR ° Getting Started LINUX jis a multiuser, multitasking operating system and in this regard the system administrator has flexibility — and responsibility — far beyond those of other operating systems, The Linux system administrator is the person who has “root” access, which is to say the ‘one who is the system’s “super user” (or root user). A standard Linux user is limited as to the things he or she can do with the underlying. engine of the system, But the “root” user has free access to everything — all user accounts, their home directories, and the files therein; all system configurations; and al files on the system, Various duties of Linux System Administrator includes : Installing and configuring servers: Servers are the computers which provide certain types of services to the clients. Linux “server” has a very broader meaning . The standard Red Hat Linux graphical user interface (GUI) requites @ graphical layer called XFree86, This is a server, This server runs even on a andalone machine with one user account and it must be configured. Printing in Linux also tukes place only ‘er configuring a print server. So these servers need to be installed by the Linux system administrator, But there is no need of servers to use web services, remote FTP access and emailing, Security of the server is also important when it is connected 19 the machines in outside network, So the servers are turned off unless specifically enabled and configured. This is the responsibility of the Linux system admis know which servers are needed and how to employ them. 1 and configuring application software nds 2 characteristics of Linux that © thas root or * super users” @ Itisa multi-user OS strator to Linux. system administrator ach user has an account on the system. The applications installed by specific users in their home directori ill only be available for those users without ‘system, administrator's intervention. If the application is to be used by multiple users, it needs to be installed higher up in the Linux File Hierarchy. This job is performed by System administrator only. The administrator can limit which users may use which applications by creating a “group” for that application and enrolling individual users into that group. Creating and maintaining user accounts: In Linux machine an account must be created for each user and system administrator may do this. System administrator can give option to users to change their own password. In red hat enterprise, System™ administrator can configure a setting to prompt user that they must change password periodically. System Admi ator can stop person from accessing account, System administrator can make restriction on web surf like user can surf web but has access tO particular sites. System administrator can stop certain websites. In Linux machine at account must be created for each user and system administrator may do this. Syste administrator can give option to users to change their own password. In red hit