Appendix 787

APPENDIX 3 Design Properties of Carbon and Alloy Steels

Tensile Yield Ductility

Material strength strength (percent Brinell
designation elongation hardness
(SAE number) Condition (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) in 2 in) (HB)

1020 Hot-rolled 55 379 30 207 25 111

1020 Cold-drawn 61 420 51 352 15 122
1020 Annealed 60 414 43 296 38 121
10401 Hot-rolled 72 496 42 290 18 144
1040 Cold-drawn 80 552 71 490 12 160
1040 OQT 1300 88 607 61 421 33 183
1040 OQT 400 113 779 87 600 19 262
1050 Hot-rolled 90 620 49 338 15 180
1050 Cold-drawn 100 690 84 579 10 200
1050 OQT 1300 96 662 61 421 30 192
1050 OQT 400 143 986 110 758 10 321
1117 Hot-rolled 65 448 40 276 33 124
1117 Cold-drawn 80 552 65 448 20 138
1117 WQT 350 89 614 50 345 22 178
1137 Hot-rolled 88 607 48 331 15 176
1137 Cold-drawn 98 676 82 565 10 196
1137 OQT 1300 87 600 60 414 28 174
1137 OQT 400 157 1083 136 938 5 352
11441 Hot-rolled 94 648 51 352 15 188
1144 Cold-drawn 100 690 90 621 10 200
1144 OQT 1300 96 662 68 469 25 200
1144 OQT 400 127 876 91 627 16 277
1213 Hot-rolled 55 379 33 228 25 110
1213 Cold-drawn 75 517 58 340 10 150
12L13 Hot-rolled 57 393 34 234 22 114
12L13 Cold-drawn 70 483 60 414 10 140
13401 Annealed 102 703 63 434 26 207
1340 OQT 1300 100 690 75 517 25 235
1340 OQT 1000 144 993 132 910 17 363
1340 OQT 700 221 1520 197 1360 10 444
1340 OQT 400 285 1960 234 1610 8 578
3140 Annealed 95 655 67 462 25 187
3140 OQT 1300 115 792 94 648 23 233
3140 OQT 1000 152 1050 133 920 17 311
3140 OQT 700 220 1520 200 1380 13 461
3140 OQT 400 280 1930 248 1710 11 555
4130 Annealed 81 558 52 359 28 156
4130 WQT 1300 98 676 89 614 28 202
4130 WQT 1000 143 986 132 910 16 302
4130 WQT 700 208 1430 180 1240 13 415
4130 WQT 400 234 1610 197 1360 12 461
41401 Annealed 95 655 54 372 26 197
4140 OQT 1300 117 807 100 690 23 235
4140 OQT 1000 168 1160 152 1050 17 341
4140 OQT 700 231 1590 212 1460 13 461
4140 OQT 400 290 2000 251 1730 11 578
4150 Annealed 106 731 55 379 20 197
4150 OQT 1300 127 880 116 800 20 262
4150 OQT 1000 197 1360 181 1250 11 401
4150 OQT 700 247 1700 229 1580 10 495
4150 OQT 400 300 2070 248 1710 10 578

(Continued)
788 Appendix

APPENDIX 3 (Continued)

Tensile Yield Ductility

Material strength strength (percent Brinell
designation elongation hardness
(SAE number) Condition (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) in 2 in) (HB)

43401 Annealed 108 745 68 469 22 217

4340 OQT 1300 140 965 120 827 23 280
4340 OQT 1000 171 1180 158 1090 16 363
4340 OQT 700 230 1590 206 1420 12 461
4340 OQT 400 283 1950 228 1570 11 555
5140 Annealed 83 572 42 290 29 167
5140 OQT 1300 104 717 83 572 27 207
5140 OQT 1000 145 1000 130 896 18 302
5140 OQT 700 220 1520 200 1380 11 429
5140 OQT 400 276 1900 226 1560 7 534
5150 Annealed 98 676 52 359 22 197
5150 OQT 1300 116 800 102 700 22 241
5150 OQT 1000 160 1100 149 1030 15 321
5150 OQT 700 240 1650 220 1520 10 461
5150 OQT 400 312 2150 250 1720 8 601
5160 Annealed 105 724 40 276 17 197
5160 OQT 1300 115 793 100 690 23 229
5160 OQT 1000 170 1170 151 1040 14 341
5160 OQT 700 263 1810 237 1630 9 514
5160 OQT 400 322 2220 260 1790 4 627
61501 Annealed 96 662 59 407 23 197
6150 OQT 1300 118 814 107 738 21 241
6150 OQT 1000 183 1260 173 1190 12 375
6150 OQT 700 247 1700 223 1540 10 495
6150 OQT 400 315 2170 270 1860 7 601
8650 Annealed 104 717 56 386 22 212
8650 OQT 1300 122 841 113 779 21 255
8650 OQT 1000 176 1210 155 1070 14 363
8650 OQT 700 240 1650 222 1530 12 495
8650 OQT 400 282 1940 250 1720 11 555
8740 Annealed 100 690 60 414 22 201
8740 OQT 1300 119 820 100 690 25 241
8740 OQT 1000 175 1210 167 1150 15 363
8740 OQT 700 228 1570 212 1460 12 461
8740 OQT 400 290 2000 240 1650 10 578
9255 Annealed 113 780 71 490 22 229
9255 Q&T 1300 130 896 102 703 21 262
9255 Q&T 1000 181 1250 160 1100 14 352
9255 Q&T 700 260 1790 240 1650 5 534
9255 Q&T 400 310 2140 287 1980 2 601
Notes: Properties common to all carbon and alloy steels:
Poisson’s ratio: 0.27.
Shear modulus: 11.5 * 106 psi; 80 GPa.
Coefficient of thermal expansion: 6.5 * 10 -6°F -1.
Density: 0.283 lb/in3; 7680 kg/m3.
Modulus of elasticity: 30 * 106 psi; 207 GPa.
1
See Appendix 4 for graphs of properties versus heat treatment.
 Appendix 789

APPENDIX 4 Properties of Heat-Treated Steels

Treatment: Normalized at 1650°F; reheated to 1550°F; quenched in water. Treatment: Normalized at 1650°F; reheated to 1550°F; quenched in oil.
1-in Round Treated; 0.505-in Round Tested. As-quenched HB 534. 1-in Round Treated; 0.505-in Round Tested. As-quenched HB 285.
MPa ksi MPa ksi
1400 200 1400 200

1200 1200

150 150
1000 1000
Tens Tensile stre
il
Strength of Material

Strength of Material
e stre ngth
ngth
800 800

100 Yield point 100 Yield po

in t
600 600

70% 70%
n of area
400 Reductio 60% 400 60%
50% 50 ea 50%
50 Reduction of ar
40% 40%
30% 30%
200 Elongation 200
Elongation
20% 20%
10% 10%
0 0 0 0
Temper, °F 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 Temper, °F 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

Temper, °C 200 300 400 500 600 700 Temper, °C 200 300 400 500 600 700
Hardness, HB 514 495 444 401 352 293 269 235 201 187 Hardness, HB 277 269 262 255 248 241 235 229 217 201

FIGURE A4-1 Properties of heat-treated SAE 1040, FIGURE A4-2 Properties of heat-treated SAE 1144,
water-quenched and tempered oil-quenched and tempered

Treatment: Normalized at 1600°F; reheated to 1525°F; quenched in agitated oil.

0.565-in Round Treated; 0.505-in Round Tested. As-quenched HB 601.
MPa ksi

1800
250

1600
Ten

1400
si

200
le s
Strength of Material

Yi

tre
el

ng
dp

th

1200
oi
nt

150
1000

70%
800 a
on o f are 60%
100 Re ducti 50%
600 40%
30%
Elongation 20%
10%
50
Temper, °F 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

Temper, °C 200 300 400 500 600 700 FIGURE A4-3 Properties of heat-treated SAE 1340,
Hardness, HB 578 534 495 444 415 388 363 331 293 235 oil-quenched and tempered

Z01_MOTT1184_06_SE_APP.indd 789 3/17/17 3:15 PM

 790 Appendix

Treatment: Normalized at 1600°F; reheated to 1550°F; quenched in agitated oil. Treatment: Normalized at 1600°F; reheated to 1475°F; quenched in agitated oil.
0.530-in Round Treated; 0.505-in Round Tested. As-quenched HB 601. 0.530-in Round Treated; 0.505-in Round Tested. As-quenched HB 601.
MPa ksi MPa ksi
2000
1800
250
1800
1600 250

1600
Tensile strength 290 000 psi

1400

Te
200

ns ield
Strength of Material

ile

Te
Y

Strength of Material
str oin

n
1400

sil
en
1200 200

e
gt
p

str eld
h

en
t

Yi

gt oint
h
150 1200
1000

p
70% 150
1000
800
tion of area 60%
Reduc
100 50% 70%
40% of ar ea 60%
600 800 Reduction
30% 50%
Elongation 20% 100 40%
10% 30%
50 600
E lo ng at io n 20%
Temper, °F 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
10%
Temper, °F 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
Temper, °C 200 300 400 500 600 700
Hardness, HB 578 534 495 461 429 388 341 311 277 235
Temper, °C 200 300 400 500 600 700
FIGURE A4-4 Properties of heat-treated SAE 4140, Hardness, HB 555 514 477 461 415 388 363 321 293 –
oil-quenched and tempered FIGURE A4-5 Properties of heat-treated SAE 4340,
oil-quenched and tempered

Treatment: Normalized at 1600°F; reheated to 1550°F; quenched in agitated oil.

0.565-in Round Treated; 0.505-in Round Tested. As-quenched HB 627.
MPa ksi

1800
250

1600
Yi
Te

el
ns

d
Tensile strength 315 000 psi

Tensile strength 295 500 psi

il

po
es

1400 in
tre

200 t
ng
Strength of Material

th

1200

150
1000

70%
800
60%
rea
100 on of a 50%
Reducti 40%
600
30%
20%
Elongation
400 10%
50
Temper, °F 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300

Temper, °C 200 300 400 500 600 700 FIGURE A4-6 Properties of heat-treated SAE 6150,
Hardness, HB 601 578 534 495 444 401 375 341 293 241 oil-quenched and tempered

Z01_MOTT1184_06_SE_APP.indd 790 3/17/17 3:15 PM

 Appendix 791

APPENDIX 5 Properties of Carburized Steels

Core properties

Material Ductility
designation (percent Brinell Case
(SAE Tensile strength Yield strength elongation hardness hardness
number) Condition (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) in 2 in) (HB) (HRC)

1015 SWQT 350 106 731 60 414 15 217 62

1020 SWQT 350 129 889 72 496 11 255 62
1022 SWQT 350 135 931 75 517 14 262 62
1117 SWQT 350 125 862 66 455 10 235 65
1118 SWQT 350 144 993 90 621 13 285 61
4118 SOQT 300 143 986 93 641 17 293 62
4118 DOQT 300 126 869 63 434 21 241 62
4118 SOQT 450 138 952 89 614 17 277 56
4118 DOQT 450 120 827 63 434 22 229 56
4320 SOQT 300 218 1500 178 1230 13 429 62
4320 DOQT 300 151 1040 97 669 19 302 62
4320 SOQT 450 211 1450 173 1190 12 415 59
4320 DOQT 450 145 1000 94 648 21 293 59
4620 SOQT 300 119 820 83 572 19 277 62
4620 DOQT 300 122 841 77 531 22 248 62
4620 SOQT 450 115 793 80 552 20 248 59
4620 DOQT 450 115 793 77 531 22 235 59
4820 SOQT 300 207 1430 167 1150 13 415 61
4820 DOQT 300 204 1405 165 1140 13 415 60
4820 SOQT 450 205 1410 184 1270 13 415 57
4820 DOQT 450 196 1350 171 1180 13 401 56
8620 SOQT 300 188 1300 149 1030 11 388 64
8620 DOQT 300 133 917 83 572 20 269 64
8620 SOQT 450 167 1150 120 827 14 341 61
8620 DOQT 450 130 896 77 531 22 262 61
E9310 SOQT 300 173 1190 135 931 15 363 62
E9310 DOQT 300 174 1200 139 958 15 363 60
E9310 SOQT 450 168 1160 137 945 15 341 59
E9310 DOQT 450 169 1170 138 952 15 352 58

Notes: Properties given are for a single set of tests on 1/2-in round bars.
SWQT: single water-quenched and tempered.
SOQT: single oil-quenched and tempered.
DOQT: double oil-quenched and tempered.
300 and 450 are the tempering temperatures in °F. Steel was carburized for 8 h. Case depth ranged from 0.045 to 0.075 in.
792 Appendix

APPENDIX 6 Properties of Stainless Steels

Ductility
(percent
Material designation Tensile strength Yield strength elongation
SAE number UNS Condition (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) in 2 in)

Austenitic steels
201 S20100 Annealed 115 793 55 379 55
1/4 hard 125 862 75 517 20
1/2 hard 150 1030 110 758 10
3/4 hard 175 1210 135 931 5
Full hard 185 1280 140 966 4
301 S30100 Annealed 110 758 40 276 60
1/4 hard 125 862 75 517 25
1/2 hard 150 1030 110 758 15
3/4 hard 175 1210 135 931 12
Full hard 185 1280 140 966 8
304 S30400 Annealed 85 586 35 241 60
310 S31000 Annealed 95 655 45 310 45
316 S31600 Annealed 80 552 30 207 60
Ferritic steels
405 S40500 Annealed 70 483 40 276 30
430 S43000 Annealed 75 517 40 276 30
Full hard 90 621 80 552 15
446 S44600 Annealed 80 552 50 345 25
Martensitic steels
410 S41000 Annealed 75 517 40 276 30
416 S41600 Q&T 600 180 1240 140 966 15
Q&T 1000 145 1000 115 793 20
Q&T 1400 90 621 60 414 30
431 S43100 Q&T 600 195 1344 150 1034 15
440A S44002 Q&T 600 280 1930 270 1860 3
501 S50100 Annealed 70 483 30 207 28
OQT 1000 175 1210 135 931 15
Precipitation-hardening steels
17-4PH S17400 H 900 210 1450 185 1280 14
H 1150 145 1000 125 862 19
17-7PH S17700 RH 950 200 1380 175 1210 10
TH 1050 175 1210 155 1070 12
PH 13-8 Mo S13800 H 950 220 1517 205 1413 10
H 1050 175 1207 165 1138 12
H 1150 135 931 90 621 14
 Appendix 793

APPENDIX 7 Properties of Structural Steels

Ultimate strength, su 1 Yield strength, sy 1 Percent
elongation
Material ASTM no. and products ksi MPa ksi MPa in 2 in

A36—Carbon steel: shapes, 58 400 36 248 21

plates, and bars
A 53—grade B-pipe 60 414 35 240 23
A242—HSLA corrosion resistant:
shapes, plates, and bars
… 3
in thick 70 483 50 345 21
4
3
to 1 12 in thick 67 462 46 317 21
4

1 12 to 4 in thick 63 434 42 290 21

A500—Cold-formed structural tubing

Round, grade B 58 400 42 290 23
Round, grade C 62 427 46 317 21
Shaped, grade B 58 400 46 317 23
Shaped, grade C 65 427 50 345 21
A501—Hot-formed structural tubing, 58 400 36 248 23
round or shaped
A514—Quenched and tempered alloy
steel: plate
… 2 12 in thick 110 758 100 690 18

2 12 to 6 in thick 100 690 90 620 16

A572—HSLA columbium-vanadium
steel: shapes, plates, and bars
Grade 42 60 414 42 290 24
Grade 50 65 448 50 345 21
Grade 60 75 517 60 414 18
Grade 65 80 552 65 448 17
A913—HSLA, grade 65: shapes 80 552 65 448 17
A992—HSLA: W-Shapes only 65 448 50 345 21
Notes: 1Minimum values; may range higher.
HSLA—High strength low-alloy.
The American Institute of Steel Construction specifies E = 29 * 106 psi (200 GPa) for structural steel.
794 Appendix

APPENDIX 8 Design Properties of Cast Iron—U.S. Units Basis3

U.S. units Ultimate strength Yield strength
1
Modulus of Percent
1 1
su suc sus syt elasticity, E elongation
Material type
2 2 2 2 2
and grade ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa 106 psi GPa %

Gray iron—ASTM A48

No. 20A 20 138 80 552 32 221 — — 12.2 84 61.0
No. 30A 30 207 113 779 47 324 — — 16.9 117 61.0
No. 40A 40 276 140 965 57 393 — — 19.4 134 61.0
No. 50A 50 345 158 1089 66 455 — — 20.8 143 61.0
No. 60A 60 414 170 1172 72 496 — — 21.5 148 61.0
Ductile iron—ASTM A536
60-40-18 60 414 — — 57 393 40 276 24 165 18
65-45-12 65 448 — — — — 45 310 24 165 12
80-55-08 80 552 — — — — 55 379 24 165 6
100-70-03 100 690 — — — — 70 483 24 165 3
120-90-02 120 827 180 1241 — — 90 621 23 159 2
Austempered ductile iron (ADI)—ASTM A897
110/70/11 110 758 — — — — 70 483 22 152 11
130/90/09 130 896 — — — — 90 621 22 152 9
150/110/07 150 1034 — — — — 110 758 22 152 7
175/125/04 175 1207 — — — — 125 862 22 152 4
200/155/02 200 1379 — — — — 155 1069 22 152 2
230/185/01 230 1586 — — — — 185 1276 22 152 1
Ferritic malleable iron—ASTM A47
32510 50 345 — — — — 32.5 224 25 172 10
Pearlitic malleable iron—ASTM A220
40010 60 414 240 1655 43 296 40 276 26 179 10
45008 65 448 240 1655 49 338 45 310 26 179 8
45006 65 448 240 1655 49 338 45 310 26 179 6
50005 70 483 240 1655 55 379 50 345 26 179 5
60004 80 552 240 1655 65 448 60 414 26 179 4
70003 85 586 240 1655 68 469 70 483 26 179 3
80002 95 655 240 1655 75 517 80 552 26 179 2
90001 105 724 240 1655 78 538 90 621 26 179 1

Notes: 1Approximate values; not part of the standards; If critical, negotiate with supplier.
2
Metric data computed using: (6.895 * U.S. data); Not part of the standards.
3
The density of cast irons ranges from 0.25 lbm/in3 to 0.27 lbm/in3 (6920 kg/m3 to 7480 kg/m3).
 Appendix 795

APPENDIX 8A Design Properties of Cast Iron—SI Units Basis3

SI units Ultimate strength Yield strength
1
Modulus of Percent
1 1
su suc sus syt elasticity, E elongation
Material type
2 2 2 2
and grade ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa ksi MPa 106 psi GPa %

Gray iron—ASTM A48M

No. 150A 22 150 — — — — — — 12.2 84 6 1.0
No. 200A 29 200 — — — — — — 16.9 117 6 1.0
No. 275A 40 275 — — — — — — 19.4 134 6 1.0
No. 350A 51 350 — — — — — — 20.8 143 6 1.0
No. 400A 58 400 — — — — — — 21.5 148 6 1.0
Ductile iron—ASTM A536 Note: No metric grades included in the standard.

Austempered ductile iron (ADI)—ASTM A897M

750/500/11 109 750 — — — — 73 500 22 152 11
900/650/09 131 900 — — — — 94 650 22 152 9
1050/750/07 152 1050 — — — — 109 750 22 152 7
1200/850/04 174 1200 — — — — 123 850 22 152 4
1400/1100/02 203 1400 — — — — 160 1100 22 152 2
1600/1300/01 232 1600 — — — — 189 1300 22 152 1
Ferritic malleable iron—ASTM A47M
22010 49 340 — — — — 32 220 25 172 10
Pearlitic malleable iron—ASTM A220M
280M10 58 400 — — — — 41 280 26 179 10
310M8 65 450 — — — — 45 310 26 179 8
310M6 65 450 — — — — 45 310 26 179 6
340M5 70 480 — — — — 49 340 26 179 5
410M4 80 550 — — — — 59 410 26 179 4
480M3 86 590 — — — — 70 480 26 179 3
550M2 94 650 — — — — 80 550 26 179 2
620M1 104 720 — — — — 90 620 26 179 1
Notes: Five additional intermediate grades are included in standard A48M for gray iron.
1
Approximate values; not part of the standards; If critical, negotiate with supplier.
2
U.S. data computed using: (SI data/6.895); Not part of the standards.
3
The density of cast irons ranges from 6920 kg/m3 to 7480 kg/m3 (0.25 lbm/in3 to 0.27 lbm/in3).
796 Appendix

APPENDIX 9 Typical Properties of Aluminum

Tensile Yield Ductility Shearing Endurance
Alloy strength strength (percent strength strength
and elongation
temper (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) in 2 in) (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa)

1060-O 10 69 4 28 43 7 48 3 21
1060-H14 14 97 13 90 12 9 62 5 34
1060-H18 19 131 18 124 6 11 121 6.5 41
1350-O 12 83 4 28 28 8 55
1350-H14 16 110 14 97 10 69
1350-H19 27 186 24 165 15 103 7 48
2014-O 27 186 14 97 18 18 124 13 90
2014-T4 62 427 42 290 20 38 262 20 138
2014-T6 70 483 60 414 13 42 290 18 124
2024-O 27 186 11 76 22 18 124 13 90
2024-T4 68 469 47 324 19 41 283 20 138
2024-T361 72 496 57 393 13 42 290 18 124
2219-O 25 172 11 76 18
2219-T62 60 414 42 290 10 15 103
2219-T87 69 476 57 393 10 15 103
3003-O 16 110 6 41 40 11 121 7 48
3003-H14 22 152 21 145 16 14 97 9 62
3003-H18 29 200 27 186 10 16 110 10 69
5052-O 28 193 13 90 30 18 124 16 110
5052-H34 38 262 31 214 14 21 145 18 124
5052-H38 42 290 37 255 8 24 165 20 138
6061-O 18 124 8 55 30 12 83 9 62
6061-T4 35 241 21 145 25 24 165 14 97
6061-T6 45 310 40 276 17 30 207 14 97
6063-O 13 90 7 48 10 69 8 55
6063-T4 25 172 13 90 22
6063-T6 35 241 31 214 12 22 152 10 69
7178-O 33 228 15 103 16
7178-T6 88 607 78 538 11
7075-O 33 228 15 103 16 22 152
7075-T6 83 572 73 503 11 48 331 23 159
Casting alloys (permanent mold casting)
204.0-14 48 331 29 200 8 — —
206.0-T6 65 445 59 405 6 — —
356.0-T6 41 283 30 207 10 — —
Note: Common properties:
Density: 0.095 to 0.102 lb/in3 (2635 to 2829 kg/m3).
Endurance strength at 5 * 108 cycles.

Modulus of elasticity Alloys

10.0 * 106 psi (69.0 GPa) 1100, 3003, 6061, 6063

6
10.2 * 10 psi (70.3 GPa) 5154
6
10.4 * 10 psi (71.7 GPa) 7075
6
10.6 * 10 psi (73.1 GPa) 2014
 APPENDIX 10–1 Properties of Die-Cast Zinc Alloys
Tensile Yield Compression Percent Modulus of Impact
strength strength strength elongation Density elasticity strength
Material
designation (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) (%) (lbm/in3) (kg/m3) (106 psi) (GPa) (ft # lb) (J or N # m

ZAMAK #3 41 283 32 221 60 414 10 0.240 6600 12.4 85.5 43.0 58

ZAMAK #5 48 331 33 228 87 600 7 0.240 6600 12.4 85.5 48.0 65
ZA-8 54 374 42 290 37 252 8 0.227 6300 12.4 85.5 31.0 42
ZA-12 59 404 46 320 39 269 5.5 0.216 6000 12.0 82.7 21.0 29
ZA-27 61 421 55 379 52 385 2 0.181 5000 11.3 77.9 9.0 5
Note: Strength values are typical average values; may range higher or lower.

APPENDIX 10–2 Properties of Die-Cast Magnesium Alloys

1
Tensile Yield Compression Percent Modulus of Impact
strength strength strength elongation Density elasticity strength
Material
designation (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) (%) (lbm/in3) (kg/m3) (106 psi) (GPa) (ft # lb) (J or N # m

AZ-91 33.4 230 22.5 155 21.5 148 3 0.0654 1810 6.5 45 4.4 6
MgA19Zn1(A)
AM-60 31.9 220 19.6 135 — — 9 0.0650 1800 6.5 45 12.5 17
MgA16Mn
AM-50 29.7 205 17.4 120 16.4 113 10 0.0639 1770 6.5 45 13.3 18
MgA15Mn
AM-20 26.8 185 13.1 90 10.7 74 13 0.0632 1750 6.5 45 13.3 18
MgA12Mn
Notes: Strength values are typical average values; may range higher or lower.
1
Also called 0.2% proof stress.

797
798
APPENDIX 11–1 Properties of Nickel-Based Alloys
Tensile Yield Percent Modulus of
strength strength elongation Density elasticity
Material
designation (ksi) (Mpa) (ksi) (MPa) (%) (lbm /in3) (kg/m3) (106 psi) GPa

N06600 Annealed 93 640 37 255 45 0.304 8420 30 207

N06110 40% cold worked 175 1205 150 1034 18 0.302 8330 30 207
N04400 Annealed 80 550 30 207 50 0.318 8800 26 181
N04400 cold drawn 100 690 75 517 30 0.318 8800 26 181

APPENDIX 11–2 Properties of Titanium Alloys

Tensile Yield Percent Modulus of
strength strength elongation Density elasticity
Material
designation (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) (%) (lbm/in3) (kg/m3) (106 psi) (GPa)

Commercially Pure alpha

titanium
Ti-35A Wrought 35 241 25 172 24 0.163 4515 15.0 103
Ti-50A Wrought 50 345 40 276 20 0.163 4515 15.0 103
Ti-65 Wrought 65 448 55 379 18 0.163 4515 15.0 103
Alpha alloy
Ti-0.2Pd Wrought 50 345 40 276 20 0.163 4515 14.9 103
Beta alloy
Ti-3Al-13V-11Cr 135 931 130 896 16 0.176 4875 14.7 101
Air cooled from 1400°F
Ti-3Al-13V-11Cr 185 1280 175 1210 6 0.176 4875 16.0 110
Air cooled from 1400°F
and aged
Alpha–beta alloy
Ti-6Al-4V 130 896 120 827 10 0.160 4432 16.5 114
Annealed
Ti-6Al-4V 160 1100 150 1030 7 0.160 4432 16.5 114
Quenched and aged
at 1000°F
 APPENDIX 12 Properties of Bronzes, Brasses, and Other Copper Alloys
Modulus of
Tensile strength Yield strength elasticity Density
UNS number Ductility
Material designation (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) (% elongation) (106 psi) (GPa) lbm/in3 kg/m3

Bronzes—Wrought bars, rods

Leaded phosphor bronze C54400-H04 68 469 57 393 20 15.0 103 0.320 8890
Silicon bronze C65500-H06 108 745 60 414 13 15.0 103 0.308 8530
Manganese bronze C67500-H02 84 579 60 414 19 15.0 103 0.302 8360
Bronzes—Sand cast
Manganese bronze C86200-M01 95 655 48 331 20 15.0 103 0.288 7970
Bearing bronze C93200-M01 35 241 18 124 20 14.5 100 0.322 8910
Aluminum bronze C95400-M01 85 586 35 241 18 15.5 107 0.269 7450
Copper-nickel-iron alloy C96200-M01 45 310 25 172 20 18.0 124 0.323 8940
Copper-nickel-zinc alloy (also called C97300-M01 35 241 17 117 20 16.0 110 0.321 8890
nickel silver)
Brasses—Wrought bars, rods
Extra high-leaded brass C35600-H02 55 379 25 172 10 97 14.0 0.307 8500
Free-cutting brass C36000-H04 65 448 30 207 6 103 15.0 0.307 8500
Free-cutting Muntz metal C37000-H04 80 552 60 414 6 103 15.0 0.304 8410
Naval brass C46400-H02 75 517 53 365 20 103 15.0 0.304 8410
Notes:
1. Strength and ductility values listed are typical at the approximate middle of available ranges and not guaranteed.
2. Properties vary widely for different section sizes, strain hardening, and thermal treatment conditions.
3. Strain hardening conditions: 1/8 hard (H00), 1/4 hard (H01), 1/2 hard (H02), 3/4 hard (H03), full hard (H04), extra hard (H06), spring (H08), and higher.
4. More details and data for numerous additional alloys can be found at www.copper.org/resources/properties.

799
800
APPENDIX 13 Typical Properties of Selected Plastics
Tensile Tensile Flexural Flexural Impact
strength modulus strength modulus strength IZOD
(ft # lb/in
Material Type (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) of notch)
1
Nylon 66 Dry 21.0 146 1200 8700 32.0 221 1100 7900
30% Glass 50% R.H. 15.0 102 800 5500
2
ABS Medium-impact 6.0 41 360 2480 11.5 79 310 2140 4.0
High-impact 5.0 34 250 1720 8.0 55 260 1790 7.0
Polycarbonate General-purpose 9.0 62 340 2340 11.0 76 300 2070 12.0
Acrylic Standard 10.5 72 430 2960 16.0 110 460 3170 0.4
High-impact 5.4 37 220 1520 7.0 48 230 1590 1.2
3
PVC Rigid 6.0 41 350 2410 300 2070 0.4–20.0
(varies widely)
Polyimide 25% graphite 5.7 39 12.8 88 900 6210 0.25
powder filler
Glass-fiber filler 27.0 186 50.0 345 3250 22 400 17.0
Laminate 50.0 345 70.0 483 4000 27 580 13.0
Acetal Copolymer 8.0 55 410 2830 13.0 90 375 2590 1.3
Polyurethane Elastomer 5.0 34 100 690 0.6 4 No break
Phenolic General 6.5 45 1100 7580 9.0 62 1100 7580 0.3
4
Polyester with glass-fiber mat reinforcement (approx. 30% glass by weight)
Lay-up, contact mold 9.0 62 16.0 110 800 5520
Cold-press molded 12.0 83 22.0 152 1300 8960
Compression molded 25.0 172 10.0 69 1300 8960
1
Notes: Also known as Polyamide 66 or PA 66.
2
Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene.
3
Polyvinyl chloride.
4
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) thermoplastic polyester resin.
818 Appendix

I-Beam Shapes
Tables 15–9 to 15–13
B
Y Flange

Depth, d Web
X tw X
tf

U.S. Units
TABLE 15–9 I-Beam Shapes: Steel Wide Flange Shapes, W-Shapes: 4 in to 24 in Depth
*Section properties

Web Flange Axis X–X Axis Y–Y

Area Depth thickness
A d tw Width, B Thickness, tf Ix Sx Iy Sy
Designation (in2) (in) (in) (in) (in) (in4) (in3) (in4) (in3)

W24 * 76 22.4 23.92 0.440 8.990 0.680 2100 176 82.5 18.4
W24 * 68 20.1 23.73 0.415 8.965 0.585 1830 154 70.4 15.7
W21 * 73 21.5 21.24 0.455 8.295 0.740 1600 151 70.6 17.0
W21 * 57 16.7 21.06 0.405 6.555 0.650 1170 111 30.6 9.35
W18 * 55 16.2 18.11 0.390 7.530 0.630 890 98.3 44.9 11.9
W18 * 40 11.8 17.90 0.315 6.015 0.525 612 68.4 19.1 6.35
W14 * 43 12.6 13.66 0.305 7.995 0.530 428 62.7 45.2 11.3
W14 * 26 7.69 13.91 0.255 5.025 0.420 245 35.3 8.91 3.54
W12 * 30 8.79 12.34 0.260 6.520 0.440 238 38.6 20.3 6.24
W12 * 16 4.71 11.99 0.220 3.990 0.265 103 17.1 2.82 1.41
W10 * 15 4.41 9.99 0.230 4.000 0.270 69.8 13.8 2.89 1.45
W10 * 12 3.54 9.87 0.190 3.960 0.210 53.8 10.9 2.18 1.10
W8 * 15 4.44 8.11 0.245 4.015 0.315 48.0 11.8 3.41 1.70
W8 * 10 2.96 7.89 0.170 3.940 0.205 30.8 7.81 2.09 1.06
W6 * 15 4.43 5.99 0.230 5.990 0.260 29.1 9.72 9.32 3.11
W6 * 12 3.55 6.03 0.230 4.000 0.280 22.1 7.31 2.99 1.50
W5 * 19 5.54 5.15 0.270 5.030 0.430 26.2 10.2 9.13 3.63
W5 * 16 4.68 5.01 0.240 5.000 0.360 21.3 8.51 7.51 3.00
W4 * 13 3.83 4.16 0.280 4.060 0.345 11.3 5.46 3.86 1.90
Note: Example designation: W14 * 43.
14 = nominal depth (in); 43 = weight per unit length (lb/ft).
*I = moment of inertia; S = section modulus.
Sources for data for additional sizes: Central Steel & Wire Co., multiple locations.
Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co./Earl M. Jorgensen Co., multiple locations.
 Appendix 819

B
Y Flange

Depth, d Web
X X
tw
tf

U.S. Units
TABLE 15–10 I-Beam Shapes: Steel, American Standard Shapes, S-Shapes: 3 in to 24 in Depth
*Section properties

Flange Axis X–X Axis Y–Y

Web
Area Depth thickness Width Average
tw thickness Ix Sx Iy Sy
A d B
Designation (in2) (in) (in) (in) tf (in) 4
(in ) 3
(in ) 4
(in ) (in3)

S24 * 90 26.5 24.00 0.625 7.125 0.870 2250 187 44.9 12.6
S20 * 96 28.2 20.30 0.800 7.200 0.920 1670 165 50.2 13.9
S20 * 75 22.0 20.00 0.635 6.385 0.795 1280 128 29.8 9.32
S20 * 66 19.4 20.00 0.505 6.255 0.795 1190 119 27.7 8.85
S18 * 70 20.6 18.00 0.711 6.251 0.691 926 103 24.1 7.72
S15 * 50 14.7 15.00 0.550 5.640 0.622 486 64.8 15.7 5.57
S12 * 50 14.7 12.00 0.687 5.477 0.659 305 50.8 15.7 5.74
S12 * 35 10.3 12.00 0.428 5.078 0.544 229 38.2 9.87 3.89
S10 * 35 10.3 10.00 0.594 4.944 0.491 147 29.4 8.36 3.38
S10 * 25.4 7.46 10.00 0.311 4.661 0.491 124 24.7 6.79 2.91
S8 * 23 6.77 8.00 0.441 4.171 0.426 64.9 16.2 4.31 2.07
S8 * 18.4 5.41 8.00 0.271 4.001 0.426 57.6 14.4 3.73 1.86
S7 * 20 5.88 7.00 0.450 3.860 0.392 42.4 12.1 3.17 1.64
S6 * 12.5 3.67 6.00 0.232 3.332 0.359 22.1 7.37 1.82 1.09
S5 * 10 2.94 5.00 0.214 3.004 0.326 12.3 4.92 1.22 0.809
S4 * 7.7 2.26 4.00 0.193 2.663 0.293 6.08 3.04 0.764 0.574
S3 * 5.7 1.67 3.00 0.170 2.330 0.260 2.52 1.68 0.455 0.390
Note: Example designation: S10 * 35.
10 = nominal depth (in); 35 = weight per unit length (lb/ft).
*I = moment of inertia; S = section modulus.
Sources for data for additional sizes: Central Steel & Wire Co., multiple locations.
Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co./Earl M. Jorgensen Co., multiple locations.
 Appendix 813

Channels
Tables 15–4 to 15–8

U.S. Units
TABLE 15–4 Channels: Steel and Aluminum, American Standard C-Shapes, Larger Sizes: 3 in to 15 in Depth
*Section properties

Flange Axis X–X Axis Y–Y

Area Web Average

A thickness Width thickness
Designation (in2) Depth (in) (in) (in) (in) I x (in4) Sx (in3) I y (in4) Sy (in3) x (in)

C15 * 50 14.7 15.00 0.716 3.716 0.650 404 53.8 11.0 3.78 0.798
C15 * 40 11.8 15.00 0.520 3.520 0.650 349 46.5 9.23 3.37 0.777
C12 * 30 8.82 12.00 0.510 3.170 0.501 162 27.0 5.14 2.06 0.674
C12 * 25 7.35 12.00 0.387 3.047 0.501 144 24.1 4.47 1.88 0.674
C10 * 30 8.82 10.00 0.673 3.033 0.436 103 20.7 3.94 1.65 0.649
C10 * 20 5.88 10.00 0.379 2.739 0.436 78.9 15.8 2.81 1.32 0.606
C9 * 20 5.88 9.00 0.448 2.648 0.413 60.9 13.5 2.42 1.17 0.583
C9 * 15 4.41 9.00 0.285 2.485 0.413 51.0 11.3 1.93 1.01 0.586
C8 * 18.75 5.51 8.00 0.487 2.527 0.390 44.0 11.0 1.98 1.01 0.565
C8 * 11.5 3.38 8.00 0.220 2.260 0.390 32.6 8.14 1.32 0.781 0.571
C6 * 13 3.83 6.00 0.437 2.157 0.343 17.4 5.80 1.05 0.642 0.514
C6 * 8.2 2.40 6.00 0.200 1.920 0.343 13.1 4.38 0.693 0.492 0.511
C5 * 9 2.64 5.00 0.325 1.885 0.320 8.90 3.56 0.632 0.450 0.478
C5 * 6.7 1.97 5.00 0.190 1.750 0.320 7.49 3.00 0.479 0.378 0.484
C4 * 7.25 2.13 4.00 0.321 1.721 0.296 4.59 2.29 0.433 0.343 0.459
C4 * 5.4 1.59 4.00 0.184 1.584 0.296 3.85 1.93 0.319 0.283 0.457
C3 * 6 1.76 3.00 0.356 1.596 0.273 2.07 1.38 0.305 0.268 0.455
C3 * 4.1 1.21 3.00 0.170 1.410 0.273 1.66 1.10 0.197 0.202 0.436
Note: Example designation: C15 * 50.
15 = depth (in); 50 = weight per unit length (lb/ft).
*I = moment of inertia; S = section modulus.
Sources for data for additional sizes: Central Steel & Wire Co., multiple locations.
Reliance Steel & Aluminum Co./Earl M. Jorgensen Co., multiple locations.
Metals Depot, Winchester, KY.
OnlineMetals.com, Seattle, WA.
 Pipe and round tubing

826
Tables 15–17 to 15–19
Do Di

U.S. Units

TABLE 15–17 Pipe: American National Standard Schedule 40 and AISC Standard: 1/8 in to 18 in Sizes
Section properties

Outside Wall Torsional constants

1
Nominal size diameter Inside diameter thickness Area Weight/ft I S r
Ref. (in) (in) (in) tw (in) A (in2) Steel (lb/ft) (in4) (in3) (in) J (in4) Zp (in3)
Schedule 40 pipe
a 1/8 in 0.405 0.269 0.068 0.072 0.245 1.06E−03 5.25E−03 0.122 2.13E−03 1.05E−02
b 1/4 in 0.540 0.364 0.088 0.125 0.425 3.31E−03 1.23E−02 0.163 6.62E−03 2.45E−02
c 3/8 in 0.675 0.493 0.091 0.167 0.568 7.29E−03 2.16E−02 0.209 1.46E−02 4.32E−02
d PIPE 1/2 STD 0.840 0.622 0.109 0.250 0.851 1.71E−02 4.07E−02 0.261 3.42E−02 8.14E−02
e PIPE 3/4 STD 1.050 0.824 0.113 0.333 1.131 3.70E−02 7.05E−02 0.334 7.41E−02 0.1411
f PIPE 1 STD 1.315 1.049 0.133 0.494 1.679 8.73E−02 0.1328 0.421 0.1747 0.2657
g PIPE 1-1/4 STD 1.660 1.380 0.140 0.669 2.273 0.1947 0.2346 0.540 0.3894 0.4692
h PIPE 1-1/2 STD 1.900 1.610 0.145 0.799 2.718 0.3099 0.3262 0.623 0.6198 0.6524
i PIPE 2 STD 2.375 2.067 0.154 1.075 3.653 0.6657 0.5606 0.787 1.331 1.121
j PIPE 2-1/2 STD 2.876 2.469 0.203 1.704 5.793 1.530 1.064 0.947 3.059 2.128
k PIPE 3 STD 3.500 3.068 0.216 2.228 7.576 3.017 1.724 1.164 6.034 3.448
l PIPE 3-1/2 STD 4.000 3.548 0.226 2.680 9.109 4.788 2.394 1.337 9.575 4.788
m PIPE 4 STD 4.500 4.026 0.237 3.714 10.790 7.233 3.214 1.510 14.47 6.429
n PIPE 5 STD 5.563 5.047 0.258 4.300 14.618 15.16 5.451 1.878 30.32 10.90
o PIPE 6 STD 6.625 6.065 0.280 5.581 18.974 28.14 8.496 2.245 56.28 16.99
p PIPE 8 STD 8.625 7.981 0.322 8.399 28.554 72.49 16.81 2.938 145.0 33.62
q PIPE 10 STD 10.750 10.020 0.365 11.908 40.483 160.7 29.90 3.674 321.5 59.81
r 12 in 12.750 11.938 0.406 15.745 53.525 300.2 47.09 4.367 600.4 94.18
s 16 in 16.000 15.000 0.500 24.347 82.771 731.9 91.49 5.483 1464 183.0
t 18 in 18.000 16.876 0.562 30.788 104.667 1171 130.2 6.168 2343 260.3
Notes: 1All values shown are for standard schedule 40 steep pipe.
Rows d–q conform to AISC standards for dimensions of standard weight pipe, Rows a–c and r–t do not.
Many other sizes of round hollow structural sections (HSS) are available. See AISC Manual.
Sources for data for additional sizes: American Piping Products, Chesterfield, MO.
Davidson Group, Specialty Pipe & Tube, Brooklyn, NY.