Cours de Renforcement et Domicile Niveau 3ème
𝑺𝑬𝑹𝑰𝑬 𝑫𝑬 𝑹𝑬𝑽𝑰𝑺𝑰𝑶𝑵 𝑫𝑬 𝑴𝑨𝑻𝑯𝑬𝑴𝑨𝑻𝑰𝑸𝑼𝑬 𝑵𝑰𝑽𝑬𝑨𝑼 𝟑è𝒎𝒆
𝑹𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑪𝒂𝒓𝒓é𝒆, 𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒆𝒕 𝑰𝒏é𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 , 𝑺𝒚𝒔𝒕è𝒎𝒆 𝒅′ é𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒆𝒕 𝒅′ 𝒊𝒏é𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝑰) 𝑹𝒂𝒄𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒓é𝒆
∗ 𝑹𝒂𝒑𝒑𝒆𝒍
−𝑫é𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝑂𝑛 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟é𝑒 𝑑 ′ 𝑢𝑛 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑟𝑒 𝑟é𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑓 𝑎, 𝑙𝑒 𝑟é𝑒𝑙 𝑛𝑜𝑡é𝑒 √𝑎 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟é𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡 é𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑎.
−𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒓𝒊é𝒕é𝒔
2 𝑎 √𝑎
• (√𝑎) ; • √𝑎2 = |𝑎|; • √𝑎 × 𝑏 = √𝑎 × √𝑏 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑐 𝑎 ≥ 0 𝑒𝑡 𝑏 ≥ 0; •√ = 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑎 ≥ 0 𝑒𝑡 𝑏 > 0
𝑏 √𝑏
• 𝑥 2 = 𝑎 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑐 𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑓 ⟹ 𝑥 = √𝑎 𝑜𝑢 𝑥 = −√𝑎
𝑨𝒕𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
√𝑎 + 𝑏 ≠ √𝑎 + √𝑏
𝑬𝒙𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝟏
1) 𝑅é𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟 𝑉𝑟𝑎𝑖 𝑜𝑢 𝐹𝑎𝑢𝑥
𝑥
𝑎) √27 − √15 = √12 ; 𝑏) 𝑆𝑖 𝑥 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑢𝑛 𝑟é𝑒𝑙 𝑡𝑒𝑙 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑥 < 0 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 = −1 ; 𝑐) √5 + 2√5 = 2√10
√𝑥 2
2
𝑑) 𝐿𝑎 𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟é𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑟é𝑒𝑠; 𝑒) 𝐿𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑠 √(1 − √2) 𝑒𝑡 1 − √2
𝑓) 𝑆𝑖 𝑎 ∈ ℝ 𝑒𝑡 𝑏 ∈ ℝ+ 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 √𝑎2 𝑏 = 𝑎√𝑏 ; 𝑔) 𝐿′𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑢é𝑒 𝑑𝑒 − 5 + 3√2 𝑒𝑠𝑡 é𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑒 à 3√2 + 5
2) 𝑂𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑è𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑢 𝑐𝑖 − 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑠, 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑖 𝑙𝑎 𝑏𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒 𝑟é𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑠
𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝑹é𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒆 𝑨 𝑹é𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒆 𝑩 𝑹é𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒆 𝑪
′
𝑙 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒 1 − √2 1 + √2 −1 − √2 √2 − 1
𝐿𝑎 𝑚𝑜𝑖𝑡𝑖é 𝑑𝑒 √18 𝑒𝑠𝑡: √9 3√2 √3
2
3(√2 + √2) 6√2 6 12
2
𝐿𝑒 − 2√8 + √6 × √3 + (√2) − 1 𝑒𝑠𝑡 é𝑔𝑎𝑙 à −√2 + 1 √2 − 1 −√2 − 1
𝑰𝑰) 𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒆𝒕 𝒊𝒏é𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔
𝟏) 𝑬𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔
• 𝑠𝑖 |𝑎| = |𝑏| 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑎 = 𝑏 𝑜𝑢 𝑎 = −𝑏; • 𝑠𝑖 |𝑎| = 𝑏 𝑒𝑡 𝑏 > 0 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑎 = 𝑏 𝑜𝑢 𝑎 = −𝑏
• 𝑠𝑖 |𝑎| = 𝑏 𝑒𝑡 𝑏 < 0 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑆 = ∅ ; • 𝑠𝑖 √𝑎2 = √𝑏 2 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 |𝑎| = |𝑏|
𝑬𝒙𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝟐
𝐼) 𝑅é𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟 𝑣𝑟𝑎𝑖 𝑜𝑢 𝑓𝑎𝑢𝑥 𝑒𝑛 𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑎 𝑟é𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒
1) 𝑈𝑛𝑒 é𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢 1è𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑔𝑟é à 𝑑𝑒𝑢𝑥 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑢 𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒 …
2) 𝐿′ é𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑥 2 − 7 = 0 𝑎𝑑𝑚𝑒𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑢𝑥 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑠 ℝ
3) 𝐿′ é𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑥 2 = 9 𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑆 = {3}
4) 𝐿′ é𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑥 2 + 7 = 0 𝑎𝑑𝑚𝑒𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑢𝑥 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑠 ℝ
|𝑎| 𝑎
5) 𝑆𝑖 |𝑎| = |𝑏| 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑎 = 𝑏 6) 𝑆𝑖 𝑏 ≠ 0 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 =| |
|𝑏| 𝑏
𝑸𝒖𝒆𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝑹é𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒆 𝑨 𝑹é𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒆 𝑩 𝑹é𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒆 𝑪
𝐷𝑎𝑛𝑠 ℝ 𝑙 ′ é𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 |𝑥| = 1 − √3 {√3 − 1; 1 − √3} −1 + √3 ∅
′
𝐿 é𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 |𝑥 + 1| = 2 𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑆 = {1; 3} 𝑆 = {0; 1} 𝑆 = {1; −3}
′
𝐿 é𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 |2𝑥 + 1| = |−3𝑥 + 2| 𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 1 {3; 1} 1 2
{ ; 3} { ; }
5 2 3
𝐿′ 𝑖𝑛é𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 9𝑥 2 − 4 ≤ 0 𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 2 2 2 2 2 2
[− ; ] ]− ; [ {− ; }
3 3 3 3 3 3
𝐿𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑒 𝑙 ′ 𝑖𝑛é𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3) ≤ 0 𝑒𝑠𝑡 [−1; 3] ]−1; 3] ]−∞; −1]
∪ [3; +∞[
𝐿′ 𝑖𝑛é𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 4𝑥 2 + 5 ≥ 0 𝑎𝑑𝑚𝑒𝑡 𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑠 ℝ 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐷𝑒𝑢𝑥 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠
𝑬𝒙𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝟑: 𝑨𝒑𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
𝑂𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒 𝐴(𝑥) = 2𝑥 2 − 8 + (2 − 𝑥)(3𝑥 − 5)
1)𝐷é𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒, 𝑟é𝑑𝑢𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑡 𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒 𝐴(𝑥)
2) 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝐴(𝑥)
3) 𝑂𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒 𝐵(𝑥) = −𝑥 2 + 11𝑥 − 18. 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑟 𝑛𝑢𝑚é𝑟𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝐵(𝑥) 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑥 = 1 − √2.
4) 𝑆𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑞𝑢𝑒 1,414 < √2 < 1,415, 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑒 − 10√2 − 8 à 0,01 𝑝𝑟é𝑠
5) 𝑅é𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑠 ℝ
𝑎) (𝑥 + 2)(−𝑥 + 9) ≤ 0 𝑏) |𝑥 − 2| = |−𝑥 + 9|
𝑰𝑰𝑰) 𝑺𝒚𝒔𝒕è𝒎𝒆 𝒅′ é𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒆𝒕 𝒅′ 𝒊𝒏é𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 à 𝒅𝒆𝒖𝒙 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒏𝒖𝒆𝒔
𝑬𝒙𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒊𝒄𝒆 𝟒
𝑨) 𝑅é𝑠𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑠 ℝ2 𝑒𝑡 𝑝𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑎 𝑚é𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑑′ 𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑡 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡è𝑚𝑒
3𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 5 = 0
{
2𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1
𝑩) 1) 𝐷𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛 𝑚𝑢𝑛𝑖 𝑑′ 𝑢𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑝è𝑟𝑒 𝑑′ 𝑎𝑥𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑠, 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟é𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑑𝑒
𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑠 (𝐷1 ) ∶ 3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5 = 0 ; (𝐷2 ) ∶ 𝑥 = 𝑦 − 1
3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5 = 0
2) 𝐷é𝑑𝑢𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡è𝑚𝑒. {
𝑥−𝑦+1=0
3𝑥 + 𝑦 − 5 < 0
3) 𝐷𝑎𝑛𝑠 𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑝è𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑛0 1. 𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑛𝑒 𝑙 ′ 𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑚𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡è𝑚𝑒 {
𝑥−𝑦+1 >0
′ ′ 2
4) 𝑅𝑖𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠è𝑑𝑒 𝑢𝑛𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒 𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡. 𝐼𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑑 𝑒𝑛 𝑑é𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒𝑠 ⁄3 𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑙 ′ 𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑡
𝑑 ′ 𝑢𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑏𝑢𝑚 𝑑𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑠, 𝑒𝑡 𝑑 ′ 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑒 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑒𝑛 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑏𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑒𝑛 𝑑𝑜𝑢𝑏𝑙𝑒. 𝐼𝑙 𝑙𝑢𝑖
𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎 𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 210 𝑓𝑟𝑠. 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑒𝑛 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠è𝑑𝑒 − 𝑡 − 𝑖𝑙?
𝑻é𝒍 : 𝟕𝟕 − 𝟎𝟒𝟎 − 𝟗𝟐 − 𝟎𝟑
