‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪ 2 :‬ع ت‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ واﻟﺤﯿﺎة‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ ھﻮاري ﺑﻮﻣﺪﯾﻦ ــ ﺗﻨﺲ ــ‬

‫اﻟﻠﻘﺐ ‪ .......................... :‬اﻻﺳﻢ ‪ ...................... :‬اﻟﺮﻗﻢ ‪ ......... :‬اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ‪ .......................:‬اﻟﻤﺪة ‪ 02 :‬ﺳﺎﻋﺘﺎن‬

‫……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………‬

‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﻷول ‪ 5.5) :‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ (‬

‫ﺗﺴﻤﺢ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺎﺛﺎت ﺑﺈﻋﻄﺎء ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ھﺎﻣﺔ و ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺣﻮل اﻷﺣﻮاض اﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ ــ ‪ 1‬ــ‬ ‫‪ - 1‬ﺗﺒﯿﻦ اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ ــ ‪ 1‬ــ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺎﺛﺎت وﺟﺪت ﻓﻲ أﺣﻮاض ﺗﺮﺳﯿﺐ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺎﺛﺎت اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺑﺄﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ ــ ‪ ، 1‬ﺛﻢ ﺻﻨﻔﮭﺎ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻔﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺎﺛﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪A‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪B‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪C‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪D‬‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪E‬‬

‫‪ – 2‬ﺗﺒﯿﻦ اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ ــ ‪ 2‬ــ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎرة إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ ــ ‪ 2‬ــ‬

‫– ﺳﻢ أوﺳﺎط اﻟﺘﺮﺳﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ ــ ‪ 2‬ــ ‪ ،‬ﺛﻢ أﻧﺴﺐ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ أﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ ــ ‪ 1‬ــ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ ــ ‪ 2‬ــ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺳﻂ ‪6‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻂ ‪5‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻂ ‪4‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻂ ‪3‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻂ ‪2‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻂ ‪1‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺬي‬
‫ﯾﻨﺘﺴﺐ إﻟﯿﮫ‬

‫‪1‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‪ 07 ) :‬ﻧﻘﺎط (‬

‫ﺗﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاﻟﯿﺔ ﺗﻐﯿﺮات اﻟﺴﺤﻦ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﯿﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﻨﺲ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻄﺒﺎﺷﯿﺮي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻗﺪم‬
‫) ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﻔﻞ( إﻟﻰ اﻷﺣﺪث ) ﻓﻲ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ( ‪.‬‬
‫أدرس اﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ ‪:‬‬
‫♦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﻟﺴﺤﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎرة إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ♦ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﺼﺨﺮي ♦ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻼ أوﻟﯿﺎ ﺛﻢ ﻧﮭﺎﺋﯿﺎ ♦ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ ‪:‬‬
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‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
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‫‪2‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ 08 ) :‬ﻧﻘﺎط (‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮروﺳﺒﻮرا ﻛﺮاﺳﺎ ) ‪ ( Neurospora crassa‬ﻓﻄﺮ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ ﻣﻐﺬ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ‪ .‬ﻋﺮض اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﺎن " ﺑﯿﺪل " و "‬
‫ﺗﺎﺗﻮم " ‪ Beadle & Tatum‬ﺳﻼﻟﺔ ﻣﻨﮫ ﻟﻸﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﯿﻨﯿﺔ ) ‪ ( X‬و زرﻋﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺗﻨﻢ ‪ ،‬و ﻟﻤﺎ أﺿﺎﻓﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻤﺾ اﻷﻣﯿﻨﻲ " اﻷرﺟﯿﻨﯿﻦ " أﻋﻄﺖ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮات ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 1‬ﻛﯿﻒ ﺗﻔﺴﺮ ھﺬه اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ؟‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫وﺳﻂ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﻣﻀﺎف إﻟﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫‪ – 2‬أﺧﻀﻌﺖ ﻋﺪة ﻋﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ ھﺬا اﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﻟﻸﺷﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻨﯿﺔ ) ‪ ( X‬و زرع ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ اﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻷرﺟﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﺘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻷورﻧﯿﺜﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺘﻮي إﺣﺪى اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻀﺮورﯾﺔ ﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻷرﺟﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫و ھﻲ " اﻷورﻧﯿﺜﯿﻦ ‪ ،‬اﻟﺴﯿﺘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ " ‪ ،‬و ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﺔ أن ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ ﻧﻤﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻷورﻧﯿﺜﯿﻦ و اﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫ـــ‬ ‫ـــ‬ ‫ـــ‬
‫اﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﯿﺘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ ‪ ،‬و اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻨﻢ‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫ـــ‬ ‫ـــ‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫رﻏﻢ وﺟﻮدھﻤﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب ﻣﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﻤﻮاﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫إذا ﻋﻠﻤﺖ أن ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻷرﺟﯿﻨﯿﻦ ﯾﺘﻢ وﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫أﻧﺰﯾﻢ ‪3‬‬ ‫أﻧﺰﯾﻢ ‪2‬‬ ‫أﻧﺰﯾﻢ ‪1‬‬
‫أرﺟﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫أورﻧﯿﺜﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة أوﻟﯿﺔ‬

‫‪...........................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫أ – ﻣﺎ ھﻮ اﻟﻨﻤﻂ اﻟﻈﺎھﺮي اﻟﺬي ﺗﺸﺘﺮك ﻓﯿﮫ ھﺬه اﻟﺴﻼﻻت ؟‬

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‫ب – ﺣﻠﻞ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺠﺪول ‪.‬‬

‫* اﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ) ‪..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... : ( 1‬‬

‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫* اﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ) ‪: ( 2‬‬

‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫* اﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ) ‪: ( 3‬‬

‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫ج – ﺣﺪد اﻟﻄﻔﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ أﺻﺎﺑﺖ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻼﻟﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫* اﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ) ‪..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... : ( 1‬‬

‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫* اﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ) ‪: ( 2‬‬

‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫* اﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ) ‪: ( 3‬‬

‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
 ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪ 2 :‬ع ت‬ ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺎدة ﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﺔ واﻟﺤﯿﺎة‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﯾﺔ ھﻮاري ﺑﻮﻣﺪﯾﻦ ــ ﺗﻨﺲ ــ‬
‫اﻟﻠﻘﺐ ‪ .......................... :‬اﻻﺳﻢ ‪ ...................... :‬اﻟﺮﻗﻢ ‪ ......... :‬اﻟﻘﺴﻢ ‪ .......................:‬اﻟﻤﺪة ‪ 02 :‬ﺳﺎﻋﺘﺎن‬

‫……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………‬

‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﻷول ‪ 5.5) :‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ (‬

‫‪ -‬ﺗﺴﻤﺢ دراﺳﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺎﺛﺎت ﺑﺈﻋﻄﺎء ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ھﺎﻣﺔ و ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﺣﻮل اﻷﺣﻮاض اﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ ــ ‪ 1‬ــ‬ ‫‪ - 1‬ﺗﺒﯿﻦ اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ ــ ‪ 1‬ــ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺎﺛﺎت وﺟﺪت ﻓﻲ أﺣﻮاض ﺗﺮﺳﯿﺐ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺎﺛﺎت اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺑﺄﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ ــ ‪ ، 1‬ﺛﻢ ﺻﻨﻔﮭﺎ ‪0.25 × 10 .................................................................................................................. .‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﻨﯿﻔﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺎﺛﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺎﺛﺔ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﯿﺔ ﻻﻓﻘﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪Trigonia‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪A‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺎﺛﺔ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﯿﺔ ﻓﻘﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﯿﻮان ﻓﻘﺎري‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪B‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺎﺛﺔ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﯿﺔ ﻻﻓﻘﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫‪Amonite‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪C‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺎﺛﺔ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ‬ ‫ورﻗﺔ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﯿﺔ ﺧﻀﺮاء‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪D‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺎﺛﺔ ﺣﯿﻮاﻧﯿﺔ ﻻﻓﻘﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺮﺋﯿﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪E‬‬

‫‪ – 2‬ﺗﺒﯿﻦ اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ ــ ‪ 2‬ــ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎرة إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ‪.‬‬

‫أ – ﺳﻢ أوﺳﺎط اﻟﺘﺮﺳﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ ــ ‪ 2‬ــ ‪،‬ﺛﻢ أﻧﺴﺐ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ ــ ‪ 1‬ــ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ ــ ‪ 2‬ــ ‪.‬‬
‫‪0.25 × 12 ...................................................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﻮﺳﻂ ‪6‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻂ ‪5‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻂ ‪4‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻂ ‪3‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻂ ‪2‬‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻂ ‪1‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﻤﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺞ‬ ‫ﻋﺘﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺎطﺊ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻗﺎري‬
‫اﻟﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺬي‬
‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪C‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪E‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪A‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪A‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪D‬‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪ B‬و ‪D‬‬
‫ﯾﻨﺘﺴﺐ إﻟﯿﮫ‬

‫‪4‬‬
 ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ‪ 07 ) :‬ﻧﻘﺎط (‬

‫ﺗﻤﺜﻞ اﻟﻮﺛﯿﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاﻟﯿﺔ ﺗﻐﯿﺮات اﻟﺴﺤﻦ ﻋﺒﺮ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ اﻟﺠﯿﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﻨﺲ ﺧﻼل اﻟﻄﺒﺎﺷﯿﺮي ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻗﺪم‬
‫) ﻓﻲ اﻷﺳﻔﻞ( إﻟﻰ اﻷﺣﺪث ) ﻓﻲ اﻷﻋﻠﻰ ( ‪.‬‬
‫أدرس اﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ ‪:‬‬
‫♦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ اﻟﺴﺤﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎرة إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ♦ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﺼﺨﺮي ♦ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻼ أوﻟﯿﺎ ﺛﻢ ﻧﮭﺎﺋﯿﺎ ♦ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫♦ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫♦ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻼ ﻧﮭﺎﺋﯿﺎ‬ ‫♦ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻼ أوﻟﯿﺎ‬ ‫♦ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻟﺼﺨﺮي‬
‫‪ 2 = 8 × 0.25‬ن‬ ‫‪ 0.75 = 3 × 0.25‬ن‬ ‫‪ 1.75 = 7 × 0.25‬ن‬ ‫‪ 02 = 8 × 0.25‬ن‬
‫‪-‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﯾﻌﺒﺮ اﻟﺤﻮض اﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﻨﺲ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ اﻧﺤﺴﺎرﯾﺔ ﺗﺘﺨﻠﻠﮭﺎ طﻐﯿﺎﻧﺎت ﺻﻐﯿﺮة أي أﻧﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﺳﺎﻟﺒﺔ ‪ ،‬و ھﺬا ﯾﺪل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪم اﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻟﺤﻮض اﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﺘﻮاﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻏﻠﻖ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻮض اﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﻲ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺪور اﻷﻟﺒﻲ ) ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﺒﺎل اﻷﻟﺐ ( ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﻟﺘﻘﺎرب اﻟﻤﻌﺮوف ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﻤﺎل إﻓﺮﯾﻘﯿﺎ‬
‫و ﺟﻨﻮب أوروﺑﺎ ‪.‬‬

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 ‫اﻟﺘﻤﺮﯾﻦ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ 08 ) :‬ﻧﻘﺎط (‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮروﺳﺒﻮرا ﻛﺮاﺳﺎ ) ‪ ( Neurospora crassa‬ﻓﻄﺮ ﯾﺴﺘﻄﯿﻊ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ ﻣﻐﺬ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ‪ .‬ﻋﺮض اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﺎن " ﺑﯿﺪل " و "‬
‫ﺗﺎﺗﻮم " ‪ Beadle & Tatum‬ﺳﻼﻟﺔ ﻣﻨﮫ ﻟﻸﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴﯿﻨﯿﺔ ) ‪ ( X‬و زرﻋﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﻓﻠﻢ ﺗﻨﻢ ‪ ،‬و ﻟﻤﺎ أﺿﺎﻓﺎ ﻟﻠﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻤﺾ اﻷﻣﯿﻨﻲ " اﻷرﺟﯿﻨﯿﻦ " أﻋﻄﺖ ﻋﺪة ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮات ‪.‬‬
‫‪ – 1‬ﻛﯿﻒ ﺗﻔﺴﺮ ھﺬه اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ؟‪ 01.5 ..........................................................................................................................................................................................‬ن‬
‫أﺻﺒﺢ اﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎدر ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ ﺧﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻷرﺟﯿﻨﯿﻦ ‪ Arg‬ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺣﺪوث طﻔﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻤﻮرﺛﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺆوﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ ﺣﻤﺬاﻟﺤﻤﺾ اﻷﻣﯿﻨﻲ اﻷرﺟﯿﻨﯿﻦ ‪. Arg‬‬
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‫وﺳﻂ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ ﻣﻀﺎف إﻟﯿﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫‪ – 2‬أﺧﻀﻌﺖ ﻋﺪة ﻋﯿﻨﺎت ﻣﻦ ھﺬا اﻟﻔﻄﺮ ﻟﻸﺷﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻨﯿﺔ ) ‪ ( X‬و زرع ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ وﺳﻂ ﺑﺴﯿﻂ اﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻷرﺟﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﺘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻷورﻧﯿﺜﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺘﻮي إﺣﺪى اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻀﺮورﯾﺔ ﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻷرﺟﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫و ھﻲ " اﻷورﻧﯿﺜﯿﻦ ‪ ،‬اﻟﺴﯿﺘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ " ‪ ،‬و ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺘﯿﺠﺔ أن ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ ﻧﻤﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻷورﻧﯿﺜﯿﻦ و اﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫ـــ‬ ‫ـــ‬ ‫ـــ‬
‫اﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﯿﺘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ ‪ ،‬و اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻨﻢ‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫ـــ‬ ‫ـــ‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫رﻏﻢ وﺟﻮدھﻤﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب ﻣﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﺪول اﻟﻤﻮاﻟﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫إذا ﻋﻠﻤﺖ أن ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻷرﺟﯿﻨﯿﻦ ﯾﺘﻢ وﻓﻖ اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫أﻧﺰﯾﻢ ‪3‬‬ ‫أﻧﺰﯾﻢ ‪2‬‬ ‫أﻧﺰﯾﻢ ‪1‬‬
‫أرﺟﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﺘﺮوﻟﯿﻦ‬ ‫أورﻧﯿﺜﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎدة أوﻟﯿﺔ‬

‫أ – ﻣﺎ ھﻮ اﻟﻨﻤﻂ اﻟﻈﺎھﺮي اﻟﺬي ﺗﺸﺘﺮك ﻓﯿﮫ ھﺬه اﻟﺴﻼﻻت ؟ ‪ 01 ..............................................................................................................................‬ن‬

‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫‪Arg-‬‬
‫ب – ﺣﻠﻞ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﻟﺠﺪول ‪ 0.5 × 3 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... .‬ن‬
‫* اﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ) ‪ : ( 1‬ﻧﻤﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ ‪ ،‬أي ﻟﻢ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﻟﮭﺎ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ طﻔﺮة ‪.......................................................................................................‬‬

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‫‪.........................‬‬ ‫* اﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ) ‪ : ( 2‬ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻷرﺟﯿﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺘﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﯿﻦ ‪ 2‬و ‪ 3‬ﻓﻲ اﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺒﯿﺔ ﻟﻸرﺟﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬
‫‪..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

‫‪...........................................‬‬ ‫* اﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ) ‪ : ( 3‬ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﻘﺪرة ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ اﻷورﻧﯿﺜﯿﻦ ﻟﺘﻮﻗﻒ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ‪ 2‬ﻓﯿﺎﻟﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺒﯿﺔ ﻟﻸرﺟﯿﻨﯿﻦ‬
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‫ج – ﺣﺪد اﻟﻄﻔﺮة اﻟﺘﻲ أﺻﺎﺑﺖ ﻛﻞ ﺳﻼﻟﺔ ‪ 0.5 × 3 .................................................................................................................................................... .‬ن‬

‫* اﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ) ‪ : ( 1‬ﻋﺪم ﺣﺪوث طﻔﺮة ‪.............................................................................................................................................................................................‬‬

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‫‪..........................................................................................................‬‬ ‫* اﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ) ‪ : ( 2‬ﺣﺪﺛﺖ طﻔﺮة ﻣﺴﺖ اﻟﻤﻮرﺛﺘﯿﻦ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺘﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺰﯾﻢ ‪ 2‬و ‪. 3‬‬
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‫‪...........................................................................................................................................................‬‬ ‫* اﻟﺴﻼﻟﺔ ) ‪ : ( 3‬ﺣﺪﺛﺖ طﻔﺮة ﻣﺴﺖ اﻟﻤﻮرﺛﺔ ‪ 2‬ﻓﻘﻂ‬

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