Communication, technologies et

développement
16 | 2024
Intelligence artificielle. Levier pour un développement
durable en Afrique

Développer les compétences africaines en IA.

Analyse des expériences et évaluation des
perspectives
Developing African skills in AI. Analysis of experiences and assessment of
prospects
Desarrollo de las competencias africanas en IA. Análisis de experiencias y
evaluación de perspectivas

Awa Doucouré, Abdoul Alpha Dia et Seydina Moussa Ndiaye

Édition électronique
URL : https://journals.openedition.org/ctd/12548
DOI : 10.4000/12nff
ISSN : 2491-1437

Éditeur
Chaire Unesco Pratiques émergentes en technologies et communication pour le développement

Référence électronique
Awa Doucouré, Abdoul Alpha Dia et Seydina Moussa Ndiaye, « Développer les compétences africaines
en IA. Analyse des expériences et évaluation des perspectives », Communication, technologies et
développement [En ligne], 16 | 2024, mis en ligne le 06 novembre 2024, consulté le 06 décembre 2024.
URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ctd/12548 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/12nff

Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 6 décembre 2024.

Le texte seul est utilisable sous licence CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Les autres éléments (illustrations, fichiers
annexes importés) sont « Tous droits réservés », sauf mention contraire.
 Développer les compétences africaines en IA. Analyse des expériences et évalu... 1

'«YHORSSHUOHVFRPS«WHQFHV
DIULFDLQHVHQ,$$QDO\VHGHV
H[S«ULHQFHVHW«YDOXDWLRQGHV
SHUVSHFWLYHV
Developing African skills in AI. Analysis of experiences and assessment of
prospects
Desarrollo de las competencias africanas en IA. Análisis de experiencias y
evaluación de perspectivas

Awa Doucouré, Abdoul Alpha Dia et Seydina Moussa Ndiaye

b
1. Introduction
1 /ɛDYªQHPHQW  GH  Oɛ«FRQRPLH  GH  OD  FRQQDLVVDQFH  RX  GH  OD  m  TXDWULªPH  U«YROXWLRQ
LQGXVWULHOOH}LPSOLTXHGɛDFFRUGHUXQHDWWHQWLRQSDUWLFXOLªUHDX[67(0HWVXUWRXWDX[
VFLHQFHV  «PHUJHQWHV  QDQRWHFKQRORJLH  ELRWHFKQRORJLH  LQIRUPDWLTXH  FRJQLWLYLVPH
HWF 3RXUOHFRQWLQHQWDIULFDLQOHG«ILHVWGRXEOHbGɛXQHSDUWU«GXLUHOHG«ILFLWHQ
FDSLWDOKXPDLQGXGRPDLQHGHVVFLHQFHVHWWHFKQRORJLHVDFWXHOOHPHQWHVWLP«¢PRLQV
GHSHUVRQQHVVXUOHFRQWLQHQWFU«DQWDLQVLXQ«FDUWGHSUªVGHPLOOLRQ 8$
 b  HW  GɛDXWUH  SDUW  URPSUH  DYHF  OH  SDUDGLJPH  GX  WUDQVIHUW  WHFKQRORJLTXH  TXL
PDLQWLHQWGXUDEOHPHQWOHVVHFWHXUVVHFRQGDLUHHWWHUWLDLUHDIULFDLQVVRXVWXWHOOH
2 /ɛ$IULTXHTXLUHSU«VHQWHbGHODSRSXODWLRQPRQGLDOHFRQWULEXHVHXOHPHQWD̀b
GHODSURGXFWLRQVFLHQWLILTXH 8$ bHWRUJDQLVDWLRQVGHUHFKHUFKHVLWX«HVGDQV
  SD\V  Gɛ$IULTXH  GH  Oɛ2XHVW  RQW  XQ  LPSDFW  LQI«ULHXU  ¢    &H  IRVVH́  VFLHQWLILTXH  HW
WHFKQRORJLTXH  HQWUH  Oɛ$IULTXH  HW  OH  UHVWH  GX  PRQGH  H[SOLTXH  HQ  SDUWLH  OH  VRXV
G«YHORSSHPHQW GX FRQWLQHQW PDOJU« VRQ LPS«UDWLI GH UHFRXULU D̀ OD VFLHQFH HW D̀ OD
WHFKQRORJLHSRXUG\QDPLVHUODSURGXFWLYLW«LQGXVWULHOOHHWDJULFROHJDUDQWLUODVH́FXULWH́
DOLPHQWDLUH  HQUD\HU  OHV  PDODGLHV  SURWH́JHU  OɛHQYLURQQHPHQW  HWF  /ɛXQ  GHV  GH́ILV

Communication, technologies et développement, 16 | 2024

 Développer les compétences africaines en IA. Analyse des expériences et évalu... 2

PDMHXUV  GH  OɛHQVHLJQHPHQW  VXSH́ULHXU  DIULFDLQ  HVW  GH  IRXUQLU  XQ  FDSLWDO  KXPDLQ  GH

TXDOLW«SRXUSURPRXYRLUOHG«YHORSSHPHQWVRFL«WDOD̀  WUDYHUVODUHFKHUFKHVFLHQWLILTXH
HWWHFKQRORJLTXHFDSDEOHGɛLPSDFWHUOɛ«FRQRPLHQRWDPPHQWOɛLQGXVWULHHWOHVHFWHXU
LQIRUPHO/ɛDWWHLQWHGHFHWREMHFWLIQH́FHVVLWHGHUHQIRUFHUODFROODERUDWLRQHQWUHOɛ(́WDW
OHV  HQWUHSULVHV  OHV  LQVWLWXWLRQV  XQLYHUVLWDLUHV  HW  OHV  FRPPXQDXWH́V  SRXU  UHQIRUFHU
OɛLQQRYDWLRQWHFKQRORJLTXH
3 &RPSWH  WHQX  GHV  HQMHX[  VFLHQWLILTXHV  WHFKQRORJLTXHV  H́FRQRPLTXHV  MXULGLTXHV
H́WKLTXHVHWF TXLOXLVRQWOLH́VOɛ,$FRQVWLWXHXQGRPDLQHPDMHXUDXWRXUGXTXHOGRLYHQW
VHGH́YHORSSHUHQ$IULTXHGHVSROLWLTXHVGHVVWUDWH́JLHVHWGHVSURMHWVQRYDWHXUV
4 0DOJU«  OɛLQW«U¬W  GH  SOXV  HQ  SOXV  FURLVVDQW  SRXU  OɛXWLOLVDWLRQ  GH  V\VWªPHV  EDV«V  VXU
OɛLQWHOOLJHQFHDUWLILFLHOOHJDUDQWLUODFRQILDQFHWRWDOHHQFHWWHWHFKQRORJLHGHPHXUHXQH
TXHVWLRQQRQU«VROXH
5 /HVVXFFªVGHOɛ,$GDQVGLYHUVGRPDLQHVVRQWODUJHPHQWYDQW«V -DYDLGHWDO 
7RXWHIRLVGHQRPEUHX[G«ILVSHUVLVWHQWSRXUSDVVHUGHOɛ,$WK«RULTXHVRXYHQWYDOLG«H
VXUGHVMHX[GHGRQQ«HVWK«RULTXHVGDQVGHVDUWLFOHVVFLHQWLILTXHV¢GHVV\VWªPHVGɛ,$
RS«UDWLRQQHOVWUDLWDQWGHVSUREOªPHVU«HOV 6DUNHU 'DQVGHVGRPDLQHVFRPPHOD
P«GHFLQH 0XGJDOHWDO-LDQJHWDO LOUHVWHGLIILFLOHGHIDLUHWRWDOHPHQW
FRQILDQFH  ¢  XQ  V\VWªPH  Gɛ,$  PDOJU«  OHV  GHUQLªUHV  DYDQF«HV  GDQV  OH  GRPDLQH  /D
SULQFLSDOHUDLVRQHQHVWODTXHVWLRQGHODUREXVWHVVHGHVDOJRULWKPHVGɛ,$ORUVGHOD
WUDQVLWLRQGɛXQV\VWªPH«SURXY«VXUGHVGRQQ«HVGHWHVWP¬PHU«HOOHV¢XQV\VWªPH
Gɛ,$IRQFWLRQQDQWGDQVODYUDLHYLH$LQVLHQOD&RPPLVVLRQ(XURS«HQQHDSXEOL«
XQ  UDSSRUW  TXL  IRXUQLW  GHV  GLUHFWLYHV  SHUPHWWDQW  Gɛ«FODLUHU  OH  O«JLVODWHXU  GDQV
OɛHQFDGUHPHQWGHOɛXWLOLVDWLRQGHVV\VWªPHVGɛ,$ +DPRQHWDO 
6 $XGHO¢GHODUREXVWHVVHGHVV\VWªPHVGɛ,$XQDXWUHG«ILU«VLGHGDQVOHXUXWLOLVDWLRQ
«WKLTXHRXSOXVJ«Q«UDOHPHQWGDQVOHXUXVDJHUHVSRQVDEOH'HQRPEUHXVHVLQLWLDWLYHV
RQW  «W«  PHQ«HV  GDQV  FH  VHQV  0LNDOHI  HW  DO    HW  GHV  RUJDQLVPHV  FRPPH  OD
&RPPLVVLRQ(XURS«HQQHRQWG«M¢PLVHQSODFHXQFDGUHO«JLVODWLIYLVDQW¢UHQIRUFHUOD
SURWHFWLRQGHVXVDJHUVGHV\VWªPHVGɛ,$ )ORULGL 
7 /ɛDXWUHFKDOOHQJHHVVHQWLHOSRXUOɛ,$U«VLGHGDQVOHG«YHORSSHPHQWGHODUHFKHUFKHGDQV
FHVHFWHXU 0DGDORHWDO%UHFNHUHWDO YLVDQW¢UHSRXVVHUOHVIURQWLªUHVGH
ODVFLHQFHHW¢DFF«O«UHUOɛDYªQHPHQWGHODSURFKDLQHU«YROXWLRQGHOɛ,$ +XJXHVHWDO
=DGRUHWDO TXLGHYUDLWDERXWLU¢GHVV\VWªPHVGɛ,$SOXVSHUIRUPDQWVVH
UDSSURFKDQW  GH  Oɛ,$  J«Q«UDOH  )MHOODQG     3RXU  \  DUULYHU  OH  UHQIRUFHPHQW  GHV
FRPS«WHQFHVHQ,$HVWLQGLVSHQVDEOHQRQVHXOHPHQWSRXUSURPRXYRLUODUHFKHUFKH
GDQV  FH  GRPDLQH  PDLV  «JDOHPHQW  SRXU  OD  FRPSUHQGUH  HW  OɛXWLOLVHU  GH  PDQLªUH
UHVSRQVDEOH 3UDGKDQHWDO 
8 (Q WHUPHV GH FRPS«WHQFHV HQ ,$ LO HVW LPSRUWDQW GH FRQVLG«UHU DXVVL ELHQ OɛDVSHFW
WHFKQLTXH  TXH  OɛDVSHFW  VRFL«WDO  'LII«UHQWV  WUDYDX[  RQW  «W«  PHQ«V  GDQV  OH  EXW  GH
FDW«JRULVHU  OHV  FRPS«WHQFHV  VRFLRWHFKQLTXHV  HQ  ,$  3LQVNL  HW  DO     'LII«UHQWHV
FRPS«WHQFHVVRQWQ«FHVVDLUHVDXG«YHORSSHPHQWGHOɛ,$DXVHLQGHVVRFL«W«VDOODQWGH
OD  PD°WULVH  WHFKQLTXH  GHV  FRQFHSWV  ¢  OD  FRQVFLHQFH  GH  VHV  LPSDFWV  SRXU  PLHX[  HQ
DVVXUHUODU«JXODWLRQHQSDVVDQWSDUODFDSDFLW«GHPHWWUHHQüXYUHGHVVROXWLRQV,$HQ
LQW«JUDQWOɛ«WKLTXHHWOɛLQFOXVLRQSRXUXQH,$UHVSRQVDEOH
9 /DGLVSRQLELOLW«́  GHUHVVRXUFHVKXPDLQHVVXIILVDPPHQWELHQIRUP«HVSRXUFRPSUHQGUH
OHV  HQMHX[  HW  PD°WULVHU  OɛXVDJH  GH  FHV  QRXYHOOHV  WHFKQRORJLHV  HVW  XQ  LPS«UDWLI  SRXU
Oɛ$IULTXHVLHOOHYHXWH[SORLWHUSOHLQHPHQWOɛ,$/ɛDWWHLQWHGɛXQWHOREMHFWLIHVWWULEXWDLUH

Communication, technologies et développement, 16 | 2024

 Développer les compétences africaines en IA. Analyse des expériences et évalu... 3

GH  OɛRIIUH  GH  IRUPDWLRQ  GDQV  OHV  «WDEOLVVHPHQWV  GɛHQVHLJQHPHQW  VXS«ULHXU  HW  GH  OD

SURGXFWLRQGHUHFKHUFKHVSRLQWXHVDUWLFXO«HVDXWRXUGHVD[HVGHG«YHORSSHPHQWHWGHV
EHVRLQVGHVHQWUHSULVHVORFDOHV&ɛHVWFHODTXLSHUPHWWUDLWGHGLVSRVHUGHVXIILVDPPHQW
GHUHVVRXUFHVSRXULPSDFWHUGLII«UHQWVVHFWHXUVGɛDFWLYLW«VSRXUOHVTXHOVOɛDSSRUWGHOɛ,$
VHUDLWE«Q«ILTXHPDLVDXVVLSRXULPSXOVHUGHVSURFHVVXVGɛLQQRYDWLRQQ«FHVVDLUHVD̀  OD
FU«DWLRQGHYDOHXUJDJHGHG«YHORSSHPHQW«FRQRPLTXH(QHIIHWOHUHQIRUFHPHQWGHV
FDSDFLW«VGHUHFKHUFKHHVWXQSRLQWFULWLTXHD̀FRQVLG«UHUDYHFXQDFFHQWSDUWLFXOLHUVXU
OɛRXYHUWXUH  YHUV  OHV  HQWUHSULVHV  DILQ  TXH  OHV  U«VXOWDWV  GH  OD  UHFKHUFKH  VRLHQW
WUDQVIRUP«VHQYDOHXUDMRXW«HU«HOOHSRXUOɛ«FRQRPLHGHVSD\VHWSRXUOHELHQ¬WUHGHV
SRSXODWLRQV/HVGHPDQGHVSRXUDFFUR°WUHODUHFKHUFKHDSSOLTX«HHQUHODWLRQDYHFOHV
SURMHWVGHGH́YHORSSHPHQWH́FRQRPLTXHVRQWWUH̀VSURQRQFH́HVVDQVQH́JOLJHUSRXUDXWDQW
XQHUHFKHUFKHIRQGDPHQWDOHTXLSUH́SDUHD̀ORQJWHUPHOHVLQQRYDWLRQVWHFKQRORJLTXHV
7RXWHIRLVSRXUDVVXUHUXQHXWLOLVDWLRQGHOɛ,$EH́QH́ILTXHSRXUWRXVLOIDXGUDSULYLOH́JLHU
HWUHQIRUFHUOɛ,$UHVSRQVDEOH
10 &RPPH  3LQVNL  HW  DO     QRXV  FRQVLG«URQV  OHV  ɚɚFRPS«WHQFHVɛɛ  FRPPH  «WDQW  XQ
HQVHPEOHGHFRQQDLVVDQFHVHWGɛH[S«ULHQFHV'DQVODVHFWLRQVXLYDQWHQRXVDOORQVIDLUH
XQHUHYXHSOXVSU«FLVHGHVW\SHVGHFRPS«WHQFHVFO«VHQ,$HWTXLVRQWQ«FHVVDLUHVSRXU
ODPLVHHQüXYUHGɛXQH,$UHVSRQVDEOH1RXVIHURQVHQVXLWHGDQVODVHFWLRQXQHUHYXH
GHV«FRV\VWªPHVSURSLFHVDXG«YHORSSHPHQWGHOɛH[S«ULHQFHSRXUDYRLUGHVWDOHQWVHQ
,$GDQVFHUWDLQVSD\VDIULFDLQV3DUODVXLWHGDQVODVHFWLRQQRXVDXURQVXQWRXU
GɛKRUL]RQGHVH[S«ULHQFHVGHIRUPDWLRQVH[LVWDQWHVSRXUG«YHORSSHUGHVFRPS«WHQFHV
HQ ,$ (QILQ QRXV WHUPLQHURQV SDU TXHOTXHV SHUVSHFWLYHV TXL SRXUUDLHQW SHUPHWWUH
GɛDVVXUHUXQG«YHORSSHPHQWGHFRPS«WHQFHVDIULFDLQHVGDQVOHGRPDLQH
b
2. Cartographie des compétences en IA
11 (Q  WHUPHV  GH  FRQQDLVVDQFHV  QRXV  FRQVLG«URQV  SOXVLHXUV  W\SHV  TXL  QRXV  VHPEOHQW
HVVHQWLHOV  1RXV  DYRQV  OD  GLPHQVLRQ  WHFKQLTXH  TXL  LQWªJUH  OH  FDUDFWªUH
PXOWLGLVFLSOLQDLUHGHOɛ,$ODGLPHQVLRQSUDWLTXHTXLFRQVLGªUHOɛXVDJHHWOɛLQQRYDWLRQ
GDQVGLII«UHQWVVHFWHXUVGɛDFWLYLW«VHWODGLPHQVLRQU«JXODWLRQHWU«JOHPHQWDWLRQTXL
SHUPHWGɛDVVXUHUXQH,$UHVSRQVDEOH
12 (Q  SUHQDQW  OD  W\SRORJLH  G«ILQLH  GDQV  1J  HW  DO     QRXV  FRQVLG«URQV  TXDWUH
FDW«JRULHVTXHQRXVSU«VHQWHURQVGDQVODVXLWHConnaître et comprendre l’IAUtiliser et
appliquer l’IA Évaluer et créer l’IA Éthique de l’IA3RXUOHU«I«UHQWLHOGHFRPS«WHQFHV
QRXV  FRQVLG«URQV  OHV  WUDYDX[  GH  /RQJ  HW  DO    TXL  G«ILQLVVHQW    QLYHDX[  GH
FRPS«WHQFHV
b
Table 1 : Référentiel de compétences en IA défini par Long et al. (2020)

Référentiel Compétence Description

&RPS«WHQFH 'LVWLQJXHU  OHV  DUWHIDFWV  WHFKQRORJLTXHV  TXL  XWLOLVHQW  RX  QRQ

Reconnaître une IA
 OɛLQWHOOLJHQFHDUWLILFLHOOH

Communication, technologies et développement, 16 | 2024

 Développer les compétences africaines en IA. Analyse des expériences et évalu... 4

$QDO\VHUGHPDQLªUHFULWLTXHHWGLVFXWHUGHVFDUDFW«ULVWLTXHV
&RPS«WHQFH Comprendre TXLUHQGHQWXQHHQWLW«LQWHOOLJHQWH\FRPSULVHQGLVFXWDQW
 l’intelligence GHV  GLII«UHQFHV  HQWUH  OɛLQWHOOLJHQFH  KXPDLQH  OɛDQLPDO  HW  OD
PDFKLQH

5HFRQQD°WUHTXɛLOH[LVWHGHQRPEUHXVHVPDQLªUHVGHSHQVHUHW
GH  G«YHORSSHU  GHV  PDFKLQHV  LQWHOOLJHQWHV  ,GHQWLILHU  XQH
&RPS«WHQFH
Interdisciplinarité YDUL«W«  GH  WHFKQRORJLHV  TXL  XWLOLVHQW  Oɛ,$  \  FRPSULV  OHV

WHFKQRORJLHVFRXYUDQWOHVV\VWªPHVFRJQLWLIVODURERWLTXHHWOH
0DFKLQH/HDUQLQJ

&RPS«WHQFH
Général ou spécifique 'LVWLQJXHUOɛ,$J«Q«UDOHGHOɛ,$VS«FLILTXH


,GHQWLILHUOHVW\SHVGHSUREOªPHVGDQVOHVTXHOVOɛ,$H[FHOOHHW
&RPS«WHQFH Forces et faiblesses de FHX[TXLVRQWSOXVGLIILFLOHVSRXUHOOH8WLOLVHUFHVLQIRUPDWLRQV
 l’IA SRXUG«WHUPLQHUTXDQGLOHVWDSSURSUL«GɛXWLOLVHUOɛ,$HWTXDQG
LOIDXWVɛDSSX\HUVXUOHVFRPS«WHQFHVKXPDLQHV

&RPS«WHQFH ,PDJLQHUOHVDSSOLFDWLRQVIXWXUHVSRVVLEOHVGHOɛ,$HWHQYLVDJHU
Imaginer l’IA du futur
 OHVHIIHWVGHFHVDSSOLFDWLRQVVXUOHPRQGH

&RPSUHQGUHFHTXɛHVWXQHUHSU«VHQWDWLRQGHVFRQQDLVVDQFHVHW
&RPS«WHQFH
Représentations G«FULUH  TXHOTXHV  H[HPSOHV  GH  UHSU«VHQWDWLRQV  GH

FRQQDLVVDQFHV

&RPS«WHQFH 5HFRQQD°WUH HW G«FULUH GHV H[HPSOHV GH OD PDQLªUH GRQW OHV
Processus décisionnel
 RUGLQDWHXUVUDLVRQQHQWHWSUHQQHQWGHVG«FLVLRQV

&RPS«WHQFH Étapes du Machine &RPSUHQGUH  OHV  «WDSHV  GH  OɛDSSUHQWLVVDJH  DXWRPDWLTXH  DLQVL

 Learning TXHOHVSUDWLTXHVHWOHVG«ILVTXHFKDTXH«WDSHLPSOLTXH

5HFRQQD°WUHTXHOHVKXPDLQVMRXHQWXQU¶OHLPSRUWDQWGDQVOD
&RPS«WHQFH Rôle de l’homme dans
SURJUDPPDWLRQOHFKRL[GHVPRGªOHVHWODPLVHDXSRLQWGHV
 l’IA
V\VWªPHVGɛ,$

&RPS«WHQFH Connaissances en
&RPSUHQGUHOHVFRQFHSWVGHEDVHGHODPD°WULVHGHVGRQQ«HV
 matière de données

&RPS«WHQFH Apprendre à partir 5HFRQQD°WUHTXHOHVRUGLQDWHXUVDSSUHQQHQWVRXYHQW¢SDUWLU

 des données GHGRQQ«HV \FRPSULVVHVSURSUHVGRQQ«HV 

&RPSUHQGUH  TXH  OHV  GRQQ«HV  QH  SHXYHQW  SDV  ¬WUH  SULVHV  DX

les SLHGGHODOHWWUHHWTXɛHOOHVGRLYHQW¬WUHLQWHUSU«W«HV'«FULUH
Interpréter
&RPS«WHQFH
données de manière FRPPHQW  OHV  H[HPSOHV  GɛDSSUHQWLVVDJH  IRXUQLV  GDQV  XQ

critique HQVHPEOH  GH  GRQQ«HV  LQLWLDOHV  SHXYHQW  DIIHFWHU  OHV  U«VXOWDWV
GɛXQDOJRULWKPH

&RPSUHQGUHTXHFHUWDLQVV\VWªPHVGɛ,$RQWODFDSDFLW«GɛDJLU
SK\VLTXHPHQWVXUOHPRQGH&HWWHDFWLRQSHXW¬WUHGLULJ«HSDU
&RPS«WHQFH
Action & Réaction XQUDLVRQQHPHQWGHKDXWQLYHDX SDUH[HPSOHPDUFKHUOHORQJ


Communication, technologies et développement, 16 | 2024

 Développer les compétences africaines en IA. Analyse des expériences et évalu... 5

GɛXQ  FKHPLQ  SODQLIL«  RX  SHXW  ¬WUH  U«DFWLYH  SDU  H[HPSOH

VDXWHUHQDUULªUHSRXU«YLWHUXQREVWDFOHG«WHFW« 

&RPSUHQGUH  FH  TXH  VRQW  OHV  FDSWHXUV  UHFRQQD°WUH  TXH  OHV

RUGLQDWHXUV  SHU©RLYHQW  OH  PRQGH  ¢  OɛDLGH  GH  FDSWHXUV  HW
&RPS«WHQFH
Capteurs LGHQWLILHU  OHV  FDSWHXUV  VXU  XQH  YDUL«W«  GH  GLVSRVLWLIV

5HFRQQD°WUH  TXH  GLII«UHQWV  FDSWHXUV  SHUPHWWHQW  GLII«UHQWV
W\SHVGHUHSU«VHQWDWLRQHWGHUDLVRQQHPHQWVXUOHPRQGH

,GHQWLILHU  HW  G«FULUH  OHV  GLII«UHQWV  SRLQWV  GH  YXH  VXU  OHV

SULQFLSDOHVTXHVWLRQV«WKLTXHVHQWRXUDQWOɛ,$ SDUH[HPSOHOD
&RPS«WHQFH
Éthique YLHSULY«HOɛHPSORLODG«VLQIRUPDWLRQODVLQJXODULW«ODSULVH

GHG«FLVLRQ«WKLTXHODGLYHUVLW«OHVSU«MXJ«VODWUDQVSDUHQFH
ODUHVSRQVDELOLW« 

b
2.1. Connaître et comprendre l’IA

13 &HWWHSUHPLªUHFDW«JRULHGHFRPS«WHQFHVHQ,$HVWFHOOHTXLFRQFHUQHWRXWLQGLYLGX
YLYDQW  ¢  OɛªUH  GH  OD  TXDWULªPH  U«YROXWLRQ  LQGXVWULHOOH  (OOH  FRQVLVWH  ¢  DYRLU  XQH
FRQQDLVVDQFHGHVFRQFHSWVGHEDVHGHOɛ,$HW¢VDYRLUFRPPHQWXWLOLVHUVHVV\VWªPHV
'DQVFHWWHFDW«JRULHQRXVFRQVLG«URQVSOXW¶WFHOOHVGHFRPS«WHQFHVHWG«ILQLHVGDQV
/RQJHWDO  TXLFRQVLVWHQW¢reconnaître un système d’IAHW¢comprendre ce qu’est le
concept d’intelligence7RXWHIRLVGDQVOHFRQWH[WHDIULFDLQQRXVHQJORERQV«JDOHPHQWOD
FRPS«WHQFHGHFRQQD°WUHHWGHFRPSUHQGUHXQV\VWªPHLQIRUPDWLTXH
b
2.2. Utiliser et appliquer l’IA

14 3RXU  FHWWH  GHX[LªPH  FDW«JRULH  GH  FRPS«WHQFHV  LO  VɛDJLW  GH  SRXYRLU  DSSOLTXHU  OHV

FRQQDLVVDQFHVOHVFRQFHSWVHWOHVDSSOLFDWLRQVGHOɛ,$SRXUGLII«UHQWHVSUREO«PDWLTXHV
(QFRQVLG«UDQWWRXMRXUVOɛDSSURFKHGH/RQJHWDO  QRXVLQW«JURQVGDQVFHWWH
FDW«JRULHOHVFRPS«WHQFHV¢UHFRQQD°WUHTXHOɛLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDULW«HVWHVVHQWLHOOH
SRXU  FRQVWUXLUH  GHV  V\VWªPHV  LQWHOOLJHQWV    VDYRLU  GLVWLQJXHU  Oɛ,$  J«Q«UDOH  GH  Oɛ,$
VS«FLILTXHVDYRLULGHQWLILHUOHVW\SHVGHSUREOªPHVGDQVOHVTXHOVOɛ,$H[FHOOHHWFHX[
TXLOXLVRQWSOXVGLIILFLOHVSRXYRLULPDJLQHUOHVSRWHQWLHOOHVDSSOLFDWLRQVIXWXUHVGHOɛ,$
HWFRQVLG«UHUOHVHIIHWVGHFHOOHVFLVXUOHPRQGH
b
2.3. Évaluer et créer l’IA

15 /ɛXQHGHVFRPS«WHQFHVFO«VSRXUOɛ,$HVWELHQV½UOɛDVSHFWWHFKQLTXH(QHIIHWLOHVW
LPSRUWDQWGɛDYRLUOHVFRPS«WHQFHVQ«FHVVDLUHVSRXUFRQFHSWXDOLVHUU«DOLVHU«YDOXHUHW
H[SHUWLVHUGHVV\VWªPHVGɛ,$3RXUFHODLOIDXWXQHU«IOH[LRQGɛRUGUHVXS«ULHXUTXH/RQJ
HWDO  PHWGDQVOHVFRPS«WHQFHVGHW\SH¢TXHQRXVSRXYRQVVFLQGHUHQGHX[
VRXVFDW«JRULHV    FHOOH  TXL  FRQFHUQH  OHV  FRPS«WHQFHV  UHODWLYHV  ¢  OD  PLVH  HQ  üXYUH
GɛDOJRULWKPH  Gɛ,$  FRPS«WHQFHV          HW      FRPSUHQGUH  FH  TXɛHVW  XQH
UHSU«VHQWDWLRQ  GHV  FRQQDLVVDQFHV  HW  HQ  G«FULUH  TXHOTXHV  H[HPSOHV    UHFRQQD°WUH  HW
G«FULUH  GHV  H[HPSOHV  GH  OD  ID©RQ  GRQW  OHV  RUGLQDWHXUV  UDLVRQQHQW  HW  SUHQQHQW  GHV
G«FLVLRQVFRPSUHQGUHOHV«WDSHVGHOɛDSSUHQWLVVDJHDXWRPDWLTXHHWOHVSUDWLTXHVHW
G«ILVTXHFKDTXH«WDSHLPSOLTXHUHFRQQD°WUHTXHOHVKXPDLQVMRXHQWXQU¶OHLPSRUWDQW

Communication, technologies et développement, 16 | 2024

 Développer les compétences africaines en IA. Analyse des expériences et évalu... 6

GDQV  OD  SURJUDPPDWLRQ  OH  FKRL[  GHV  PRGªOHV  HW  OH  U«JODJH  ILQ  GHV  V\VWªPHV  Gɛ,$  
FRPSUHQGUH  TXH  FHUWDLQV  V\VWªPHV  Gɛ,$  RQW  OD  FDSDFLW«  GɛDJLU  SK\VLTXHPHQW  VXU  OH
PRQGH  HW  FRPPHQW  LOV  SHXYHQW  OH  IDLUH  HW  OD  VRXVFDW«JRULH  FRQFHUQDQW  OHV
FRPS«WHQFHV  UHODWLYHV  ¢  OD  GRQQ«H  FRPS«WHQFHV        HW      FRPSUHQGUH  OHV
FRQFHSWV  GH  EDVH  GH  OD  PD°WULVH  GHV  GRQQ«HVb  UHFRQQD°WUH  TXH  OHV  RUGLQDWHXUV
DSSUHQQHQW  VRXYHQW  ¢  SDUWLU  GHV  GRQQ«HV    G«FULUH  FRPPHQW  OHV  H[HPSOHV
GɛHQWUD°QHPHQW  IRXUQLV  GDQV  XQ  HQVHPEOH  GH  GRQQ«HV  LQLWLDOHV  SHXYHQW  DIIHFWHU  OHV
U«VXOWDWV  GɛXQ  DOJRULWKPH  HW  FRPSUHQGUH  TXH  OHV  GRQQ«HV  Q«FHVVLWHQW  XQH
LQWHUSU«WDWLRQFRPSUHQGUHFHTXHVRQWOHVFDSWHXUVUHFRQQD°WUHTXHOHVRUGLQDWHXUV
SHU©RLYHQWOHPRQGH¢OɛDLGHGHFDSWHXUVHWLGHQWLILHUOHVFDSWHXUVVXUXQHYDUL«W«GH
GLVSRVLWLIV 
b
2.4. Éthique de l’IA

16 3RXU  FHWWH  GHUQLªUH  FDW«JRULH  /RQJ  HW  DO    QH  G«ILQLVVHQW  TXɛXQH  VHXOH
FRPS«WHQFH  OD  VHL]LªPH  HW  GHUQLªUH  FRQVLVWDQW  ¢  VDYRLU  LGHQWLILHU  HW  G«FULUH  OHV
GLII«UHQWVSRLQWVGHYXHVXUOHVSULQFLSDX[SUREOªPHV«WKLTXHVOL«V¢Oɛ,$1RXVDMRXWRQV
XQH  DXWUH  FRPS«WHQFH  FRQVLVWDQW  ¢  FRPSUHQGUH  HW  DSSOLTXHU  OHV  SULQFLSHV
GɛLPSXWDELOLW«GHUHVSRQVDELOLW«GHWUDQVSDUHQFHGɛLQFOXVLRQGHILDELOLW«Gɛ«TXLW«GH
WUDQVSDUHQFH  HW  GH  UHVSHFW  GH  OD  YLH  SULY«H  SRXU  XQH  ,$  UHVSRQVDEOH  HW  GLJQH  GH
FRQILDQFH 'LJQXP=KDQJHWDO 
b
3. Écosystèmes africains pour le développement des
compétences en IA : challenges et opportunités
17 /D VHFRQGH GLPHQVLRQ OL«H DX[ FRPS«WHQFHV HQ GHKRUV GHV FRQQDLVVDQFHV HVW FHOOH
UHODWLYHDX[H[S«ULHQFHVSUDWLTXHVVXUGHVSUREO«PDWLTXHVU«HOOHV,OHVWGRQFLPSRUWDQW
GɛDQDO\VHULFLTXHOVVRQWOHV«FRV\VWªPHVSURSLFHV¢ODU«DOLVDWLRQGɛH[S«ULHQFHVU«HOOHV
GDQV  Oɛ,$  HW  TXHOV  VRQW  OHV  FKDOOHQJHV  TXL  UHVWHQW  ¢  UHOHYHU  SRXU  SHUPHWWUH  GH
G«YHORSSHUFRQVLG«UDEOHPHQWOHVFRPS«WHQFHVHQ,$GDQVQRVSD\VDIULFDLQV
18 8QHUHYXHGHGLII«UHQWVUDSSRUWVQRWDPPHQWOH$,,QGH[UHSRUW =KDQJHWDO OH
7RUWRLVH0HGLDɛV*OREDO$,,QGH[ 7RUWRLVH0HGLD *RYHUQPHQW$UWLILFLDO,QWHOOLJHQFH
5HDGLQHVV 2[IRUG,QVLJKWVHW,QWHUQDWLRQDO'HYHORSPHQW5HVHDUFK&HQWUH SHUPHWGH
FRQVWDWHURXGHFRQFOXUHTXHOHVSD\VDIULFDLQVRQWHQFRUHGHVHIIRUWV¢IDLUHSRXUDYRLU
XQHQYLURQQHPHQWSURSLFH¢OɛH[S«ULHQFHSUDWLTXHGHOɛ,$SRXUGHVDSSUHQDQWV
b
Table 2 : Extrait du classement Global AI Index (2022)

b Implémentation Innovation Investissement Classement

b 7DOHQWV ,QIUDVWUXFWXUH (QYLURQQHPHQW 5HFKHUFKH '«YHORSSHPHQW 3XEOLF 3ULY« 6FRUH 5DQJ

7XQLVLD         

6RXWK
        
$IULFD

Communication, technologies et développement, 16 | 2024

 Développer les compétences africaines en IA. Analyse des expériences et évalu... 7

0RURFFR         

(J\SW         

.HQ\D         

1LJHULD         

19 /ɛOH0DXULFHTXL«WDLWOHHUSD\VDIULFDLQGXFODVVHPHQW*OREDO$,,QGH[HQ H
VXUSD\VFODVV«V GLVSDUD°WGHFHFODVVHPHQWHQ WRXWHIRLVHOOHUHVWHSUHPLªUH
GDQV  OH  FODVVHPHQW  GX  *RYHUQPHQW  $,  5HDGLQHVV  ,QGH[  GH    SXEOL«  SDU  2[IRUG
,QVLJKWV /D7XQLVLHGHYLHQWOHSUHPLHUSD\VGXFRQWLQHQWHQSUHQDQWODHSODFHVXU
OHVSD\VHQ&HWWHSU«VHQFHDXEDVGXFODVVHPHQWPRQGLDOGHVSD\VDIULFDLQVOHV
PLHX[  FODVV«V  G«QRWH  XQ  PDQTXH  GɛLQIUDVWUXFWXUH  HW  GH  G«YHORSSHPHQW  GɛXQ
«FRV\VWªPH,$GHEDVHQ«FHVVDLUHSRXUVRXWHQLUHWPHWWUHHQüXYUHXQHSODWHIRUPH,$
20 ,O  IDXW  XQ  VFRUH  PLQLPXP  GH    SRXU  SU«WHQGUH  ¢  XQ  «FRV\VWªPH  IDYRUDEOH  DX
G«YHORSSHPHQWHWODPLVHHQüXYUHGɛXQHSODWHIRUPH,$'HVSD\VDIULFDLQVFRPPHOH
0DURFOɛ$IULTXHGX6XGOɛ(J\SWHOH.HQ\DOH1LJHULDOH*KDQDOɛ,OH0DXULFHOH6«Q«JDO
RX  OD  &¶WH  Gɛ,YRLUH  SHXYHQW  HQFRUH  HVS«UHU  UDWWUDSHU  OHXU  UHWDUG  FDU  GLVSRVDQW  GH
TXHOTXHVDWRXWV
ɢHQWHUPHVGHSXLVVDQFHGHFDOFXOHWGHFDSDFLW«GHVWRFNDJHYLDGHVVXSHUFDOFXODWHXUVbGHV
GDWDFHQWHUVQDWLRQDX[RXGHVFHQWUHVUHFKHUFKHV
ɢHQ  WHUPHV  GH  SROLWLTXHV  SXEOLTXHV  DYHF  XQ  LQW«U¬W  FURLVVDQW  SRXU  OHV  WHFKQRORJLHV
«PHUJHQWHV
ɢHQWHUPHVGɛH[LVWHQFHGɛXQHIRUWHGLDVSRUDDFWLYHGDQVOHGRPDLQHGHOɛ,$
21 3DUDLOOHXUVHQHQ$IULTXHVHXOVOɛ,OH0DXULFHOɛ(J\SWHOD=DPELHOD7XQLVLHHWOH
%RWVZDQDGLVSRVDLHQWGɛXQHVWUDW«JLH,$/H%«QLQOHVDUHMRLQWVGªVG«EXW(Q
QRYHPEUHOH6«Q«JDODLQW«JU«OH*3$, *OREDO3DUWQHUVKLSRQ$, VHXOPHPEUH
DIULFDLQ  ¢  GDWH  &HOD  OXL  SHUPHWWUD  FHUWDLQHPHQW  GH  E«Q«ILFLHU  SURFKDLQHPHQW  GH
OɛDFFRPSDJQHPHQWGHFHWWHFRPPXQDXW«SRXUUHQIRUFHUVRQ«FRV\VWªPH,$
22 &RQVLG«URQVOHFDVGX6«Q«JDOTXLDXQHVLWXDWLRQDVVH]VLPLODLUHDX[DXWUHVSD\VFLW«V
SU«F«GHPPHQW/HSRWHQWLHOGXSD\VSDUUDSSRUW¢Oɛ,$VHWURXYHGDQVOɛH[LVWHQFH
ɢGɛLQIUDVWUXFWXUHVWHFKQRORJLTXHVGLVSRQLEOHVSRXUG«YHORSSHUGHVVROXWLRQVGHEDVHHQ,$
VXSHUFDOFXODWHXUGDWDFHQWHUVWUªVKDXWG«ELW 
ɢGɛXQHDSS«WHQFHSRXUOHVPDWK«PDWLTXHVTXLGRQQHOHVFRPS«WHQFHVGHEDVHSRXUOɛ,$GH
KDXWQLYHDX
ɢGɛXQHMHXQHVVHTXLVɛLQW«UHVVHDX[VWDUWXSVTXLLQGXLWXQLQW«U¬WFURLVVDQWDXWRXUGHOɛ,$
ɢGɛXQHFRPPXQDXW«GHFKHUFKHXUVTXLVɛLQW«UHVVHQWDXGRPDLQH
ɢGɛXQHGLDVSRUDV«Q«JDODLVHGHQLYHDXLQWHUQDWLRQDOGDQVOHGRPDLQH
23 7RXV  FHV  «O«PHQWV  VRQW  HVVHQWLHOV  SRXU  OH  G«YHORSSHPHQW  GH  V\VWªPHV  Gɛ,$  HW  GHV
DOJRULWKPHVVSH́FLILTXHVUH́SRQGDQWDX[SUREO«PDWLTXHVORFDOHV,OHVWGRQFIRQGDPHQWDO
GH  GLVSRVHU  GH  V\VWH̀PHV  DGDSWH́V  DX[  EHVRLQV  GH  VRQ  FRQWH[WH  GɛXQH  TXDQWLWH́  GH
GRQQH́HV  LPSRUWDQWHV  SRXU  XQ  DSSUHQWLVVDJH  HIILFDFH  HW  GɛRUGLQDWHXUV  VXIILVDPPHQW
SXLVVDQWV  SRXU  SUHQGUH  HQ  FKDUJH  FHV  GRQQH́HV  DILQ  GH  IDLUH  GHV  SUH́GLFWLRQV
LPSRUWDQWHV/ɛ(́WDWGX6H́QH́JDODDFTXLVXQVXSHUFDOFXODWHXUGɛXQHSXLVVDQFHFUĤWHGH
7)ORSVDYHFXQHFDSDFLWH́PH́PRLUHGLVWULEXH́HGH3%HWQüXGVGHFDOFXO

Communication, technologies et développement, 16 | 2024

 Développer les compétences africaines en IA. Analyse des expériences et évalu... 8

&HWWHLQIUDVWUXFWXUHGHFDOFXOTXLRFFXSHOHWURLVLH̀PHUDQJHQ$IULTXHHQWHUPHVGH
SXLVVDQFHGHFDOFXOSRXUXQGLVSRVLWLISXEOLFDSUH̀VOH0DURFHWOɛ$IULTXHGX6XGSHUPHW
DX6H́QH́JDOGHGLVSRVHUGɛXQRXWLOSHUIRUPDQWSRXYDQWDFFRPSDJQHUOHGH́YHORSSHPHQW
GH  OɛLQWHOOLJHQFH  DUWLILFLHOOH  /HV  FKHUFKHXUV  HW  GHV  HQWUHSULVHV  GH  OɛH́FRV\VWH̀PH
VɛLQWH́UHVVDQW  D̀  Oɛ,$  SRXUURQW  DLQVL  DFFH́GHU  D̀  FHW  RXWLO  SRXU  ODQFHU  OHXUV  WUDYDX[
/ɛH[LVWHQFHGɛXQGLVSRVLWLIWHFKQRORJLTXHGHFHWWHHQYHUJXUHUHQIRUFHODFDSDFLWH́  GX
SD\VGDQVOHG«YHORSSHPHQWGHFRPS«WHQFHVHQ,$(QHIIHWOHVDSSUHQDQWVDXURQW
DFFªV¢XQGLVSRVLWLIWHFKQRORJLTXHGHGHUQLªUHJ«Q«UDWLRQOHXUSHUPHWWDQWGHG«URXOHU
GHV  DOJRULWKPHV  GH  0DFKLQH  /HDUQLQJ  GH  JUDQGH  HQYHUJXUH  Q«FHVVDLUHV  SRXU
OɛREWHQWLRQGHV\VWªPHVGɛ,$SRXUGHVSUREOªPHVU«HOV
24 /HIDLWTXɛXQQRPEUHFURLVVDQWGɛHQWUHSULVHVVɛLQW«UHVVHQW¢Oɛ,$FRQVWLWXH«JDOHPHQW
XQH  RSSRUWXQLW«  PDMHXUH  SRXU  OHV  DSSUHQDQWV  GH  SUDWLTXHU  VXU  GHV  SUREO«PDWLTXHV
U«HOOHVGDQVOHFDGUHGHVWDJHVGɛDSSUHQWLVVDJH/H6«Q«JDODSDUDLOOHXUVPLVHQSODFH
XQGLVSRVLWLIGHERXUVHVGHVWDJHV¢Oɛ«WUDQJHUDILQGHSHUPHWWUH¢GHV«WXGLDQWVGDQV
GHVGLVFLSOLQHVOL«HVDXVFLHQFHV«PHUJHQWHVGɛHIIHFWXHUXQVWDJHGH¢PRLVGªVOD
WURLVLªPHDQQ«HGHOLFHQFH&HGLVSRVLWLIDG«M¢SHUPLV¢SOXVLHXUV«WXGLDQWVGɛDYRLUGHV
H[S«ULHQFHVGHVWDJHHQ,QWHOOLJHQFHDUWLILFLHOOHDX&DQDGDRXHQ)UDQFH'ɛDXWUHVSD\V
FRPPHOH*KDQDDEULWHQWGHVPXOWLQDWLRQDOHVOHDGHUVGDQVOHGRPDLQHGHOɛ,$WHOTXH
*RRJOH  TXL  RIIUHQW  «JDOHPHQW  GHV  OLHX[  GH  VWDJHV  HW  GɛDSSOLFDWLRQ  GHV  FRPS«WHQFHV
SUDWLTXHVHQ,$
25 /HSULQFLSDOFKDOOHQJHTXLUHVWH¢UHOHYHUGDQVOHVGLII«UHQWVSD\VDIULFDLQVSRXUOH
G«YHORSSHPHQW  GHV  FRPS«WHQFHV  HQ  ,$  HVW  FHOXL  GH  OD  GLVSRQLELOLW«  GɛHQVHLJQDQWV
TXDOLIL«VGDQVFHGRPDLQH(QHIIHWLOH[LVWHWUªVSHXGHVS«FLDOLVWHVGXGRPDLQHELHQ
TXHOɛRQWURXYHGHSOXVHQSOXVGHɝUHFRQYHUWLVɞGHVHQVHLJQDQWVHQLQIRUPDWLTXHRXHQ
PDWK«PDWLTXHVVɛLQW«UHVVDQW¢ODGLVFLSOLQHHWHQDVVXUDQWOHVHQVHLJQHPHQWV
26 /ɛXQHGHVSULQFLSDOHVFDUDFW«ULVWLTXHVGHOɛ,$HVWVDQDWXUHPXOWLGLVFLSOLQDLUH )UDQNOLQ
HWDO.UHQQHWDO &HWWHPXOWLGLVFLSOLQDULW«VHPDW«ULDOLVHDXVVLELHQGDQV
OH  IDLW  TXH  Oɛ,$  HVW  WRXMRXUV  DSSOLTX«H  GDQV  XQ  GRPDLQH  SDUWLFXOLHU  TXH  FH  VRLW  OD
P«GHFLQHOɛDJULFXOWXUHRXDXWUHVHWTXɛLOHVWLPSRUWDQWGHFRPSUHQGUHFHVGLVFLSOLQHV
SRXUPHWWUHHQüXYUHXQV\VWªPHGɛ,$SHUIRUPDQW/DPXOWLGLVFLSOLQDULW«GHOɛ,$VH
WUDGXLW«JDOHPHQWGDQVOHVP«WKRGHVDOJRULWKPLTXHVTXLHPSUXQWHQWGHVDSSURFKHV
«SURXY«HV  GDQV  GɛDXWUHV  GLVFLSOLQHV  7RXWHIRLV  GDQV  OD  SOXSDUW  GHV  SD\V  DIULFDLQV
QRWDPPHQWFHX[IUDQFRSKRQHVODVS«FLDOLVDWLRQGDQVOɛ«GXFDWLRQQHSHUPHWSDVGɛDYRLU
XQODUJHVSHFWUHGHFRQQDLVVDQFHVLQW«JUDQWGHVFRPS«WHQFHVGDQVGɛDXWUHVGRPDLQHV
TXHFHOXLGHODVS«FLDOLVDWLRQ'HVU«IRUPHVGXV\VWªPH«GXFDWLIVRQWDLQVLQ«FHVVDLUHV
SRXUUHQIRUFHUOHVFDSDFLW«VGHG«YHORSSHPHQWGHVFRPS«WHQFHVHQ,$
27 /HG«YHORSSHPHQWGHVFRPS«WHQFHVHQXWLOLVDWLRQGHOɛ,$LQWHUSHOOHDXVVLELHQOHVHFWHXU
SXEOLFTXHSULYH́HWWRXWFLWR\HQLQWHUYHQDQWFRPPHXVDJHURXEH́QH́ILFLDLUHGHVHUYLFHV
,OHVWHVVHQWLHOGHELHQLGHQWLILHUOHVVHFWHXUVGɛDFWLYLWH́V SRXUOHVTXHOVOɛXVDJHGHOɛ,$
SRXUUDLWĤWUHXQOHYLHULPSRUWDQWSRXUXQGH́YHORSSHPHQWQDWLRQDO/DGLVSRQLELOLW«GH
UHVVRXUFHVKXPDLQHVGHVLQIUDVWUXFWXUHVWHFKQRORJLTXHVHWGHODUH́JOHPHQWDWLRQQɛDGH
VHQVTXHVLOHVDFWHXUVVRQWUH́VROXVD̀  VHOɛDSSURSULHUHQYXHGHFKDQJHUGHSDUDGLJPH
/ɛ,$  SRXU  OH  GH́YHORSSHPHQW  HVW  XQH  QRXYHOOH  DSSURFKH  TXL  DOWH̀UH  GHV  PRGHV  GH
IRQFWLRQQHPHQWHWGHVSUDWLTXHVFDUDFWH́ULVH́V SDUXQHFHUWDLQHVWDELOLWH́ (QHIIHWOɛ,$
DSSHOOHD̀XQFKDQJHPHQWGHSUDWLTXHVFDUXQHJUDQGHSDUWLHGHVWD̂FKHVKDELWXHOOHPHQW
HIIHFWX«HVSDUGHVKXPDLQVVRQWUHO«JX«HVDX[PDFKLQHV,OQɛHVWGRQFSDVWRXMRXUV
H́YLGHQW  GH  IDLUH  FRQILDQFH  DX[  V\VWH̀PHV  Gɛ,$  ORUVTXɛLO  VɛDJLW  GH  WD̂FKHV  FULWLTXHV

Communication, technologies et développement, 16 | 2024

 Développer les compétences africaines en IA. Analyse des expériences et évalu... 9

/ɛDSSURSULDWLRQ  SDU  OHV  XVDJHUV  HVW  XQ  LPSH́UDWLI  SRXU  OH  GH́YHORSSHPHQW  GH  Oɛ,$  HW

QH́FHVVLWHSRXUFHIDLUHXQDFFRPSDJQHPHQWDXFKDQJHPHQWSDUXQUHQIRUFHPHQWGHV
FDSDFLWH́VXQERQHQFDGUHPHQWUH́JOHPHQWDLUHXQHFRPPXQLFDWLRQVWUDWH́JLTXHHWGHV
PHVXUHVLQFLWDWLYHV3DUDLOOHXUVLOIDXGUDLWYHLOOHUD̀  FHTXHWRXVOHVFLWR\HQVSXLVVHQW
DYRLUDFFH̀VD̀ FHWWHWHFKQRORJLHHWJDUDQWLUXQXVDJHELHQYHLOODQWGHOɛ,$
28 0DOJU«WRXVFHVFKDOOHQJHVGHQRPEUHXVHVRSSRUWXQLW«VVɛRIIUHQW«JDOHPHQW¢Oɛ$IULTXH
SRXUG«YHORSSHUGHVFRPS«WHQFHVHQ,$3DUDLOOHXUVOɛ$IULTXHSRXUUDLWGHYHQLUXQKXE
PRQGLDOGHWDOHQWVGDQVOHGRPDLQHGHOɛ,$GDQVOHVSURFKDLQHVDQQ«HVHQUDLVRQGHVD
SRSXODWLRQMHXQHTXLFUR°W¢XQU\WKPHDFF«O«U«6HORQOHVHVWLPDWLRQVGHOD%DQTXH
PRQGLDOHHQODSRSXODWLRQGHOɛ$IULTXH«WDLWGɛHQYLURQPLOOLDUGGɛKDELWDQWV
VRLWHQYLURQGHODSRSXODWLRQPRQGLDOH/DSRSXODWLRQGHOɛ$IULTXHDDXJPHQW«GH
SOXVGHSDUDQGHSXLVHWVHORQOHVSURMHFWLRQVHOOHGHYUDLWDWWHLQGUHHQYLURQ
PLOOLDUGVGHSHUVRQQHVHQ$XMRXUGɛKXLSOXVGHODPRLWL«GHFHWWHSRSXODWLRQ
HVW  ¤J«H  GH  PRLQV  GH    DQV  &HWWH  FURLVVDQFH  G«PRJUDSKLTXH  UDSLGH  HVW  XQH
RSSRUWXQLW«VLOHVJRXYHUQHPHQWVWUDYDLOOHQWHQVHPEOHSRXULQYHVWLUGDQVODMHXQHVVH
DIULFDLQH  HQ  WHUPHV  Gɛ«GXFDWLRQ  GH  IRUPDWLRQ  SURIHVVLRQQHOOH  HW  GɛHPSORL  GDQV  XQ
GRPDLQHHQIRUWHFURLVVDQFHHWDYHFOɛH[LVWHQFHGɛXQHU«HOOHRSSRUWXQLW«FRPPHOɛ,$
b
4. Expériences de développement de compétences
africaines en IA
4.1. Maghreb

29 /HV(WDWVPDJKU«ELQVLQYHVWLVVHQWGHSOXVHQSOXVGDQVODIRUPDWLRQHQ,$HWGDQVOD
UHFKHUFKH  HW  OɛLQQRYDWLRQ  SRXU  G«YHORSSHU  OHV  FRPS«WHQFHV  ORFDOHV  'H  QRPEUHXVHV
LQLWLDWLYHVVRQWPHQ«HVSDUGHVXQLYHUVLW«VHWFHQWUHVGHUHFKHUFKHSRXUSURPRXYRLU
OɛDSSUHQWLVVDJH  HW  OD  PLVH  HQ  üXYUH  GH  OD  WHFKQRORJLH  'DQV  OD  SDUWLH  DQJORSKRQH
Oɛ(J\SWHFRQVWLWXHODU«I«UHQFHHQPDWLªUHGHIRUPDWLRQHQ,$RFFXSDQWODSUHPLªUH
SODFH  GX  FRQWLQHQW  DYHF  KXLW  XQLYHUVLW«V  GDQV  OH  WRS   GHV  PHLOOHXUHV  XQLYHUVLW«V
DIULFDLQHVSURSRVDQWGHVIRUPDWLRQVHQ,$/ɛXQLYHUVLW«GX&DLUHRIIUHXQHIRUPDWLRQ
WUªV  SRXVV«H  GªV  OH  QLYHDX  GH  /LFHQFH  R»  WRXWHV  OHV  WK«RULHV  GH  Oɛ,$  DXGHO¢  GHV
GHUQLªUHV  WHQGDQFHV  VRQW  SURSRV«HV  SHUPHWWDQW  DLQVL  DX[  DSSUHQDQWV  GɛDYRLU  XQH
PD°WULVHSDUIDLWHGHVFRQFHSWVWK«RULTXHVGHOɛ,$
30 'DQVODSDUWLHIUDQFRSKRQHOH0DURFDFRPPHQF«¢VɛLQW«UHVVHU¢Oɛ,$GHSXLVTXHOTXHV
DQQ«HVG«M¢HWDPLVHQSODFHSOXVLHXUVLQLWLDWLYHVSRXUVWLPXOHUODIRUPDWLRQHWOD
UHFKHUFKH/HSD\VDODQF«XQSURJUDPPHQDWLRQDOSRXUHQFRXUDJHUOɛDGRSWLRQGHOD
WHFKQRORJLH  GDQV  GLII«UHQWV  VHFWHXUV  QRWDPPHQW  GDQV  OD  VDQW«  OHV  ILQDQFHV  HW
OɛDJULFXOWXUH  'H  SOXV  GHV  «WDEOLVVHPHQWV  FRPPH  Oɛ8QLYHUVLW«  0RKDPPHG  9,
3RO\WHFKQLTXH  803  Oɛ‹FROH 1DWLRQDOH 6XS«ULHXUH Gɛ,QIRUPDWLTXH HW Gɛ$QDO\VH GHV
6\VWªPHV (16,$6 HWOɛ8QLYHUVLW«0RKDPPHG9RIIUHQWGHVSURJUDPPHVGHIRUPDWLRQ
HQ,$/ɛ$OJ«ULHD«JDOHPHQWLQYHVWLGDQVOHG«YHORSSHPHQWGHVFRPS«WHQFHVHQ,$/H
JRXYHUQHPHQW\DFU««XQFHQWUHQDWLRQDOSRXUODUHFKHUFKHHQ,$HWDRUJDQLV«GHV
IRUPDWLRQVSRXUOHV«WXGLDQWVHWOHVSURIHVVLRQQHOV'HSOXVGHVHQWUHSULVHVWHOOHVTXH
'=$,XQHHQWUHSULVHGHUHFKHUFKHHQ,$EDV«H¢$OJHURQW«W«IRQG«HVSRXUUHQIRUFHU
OHVFDSDFLW«VORFDOHV/D7XQLVLHHVWXQDXWUHSD\VGX0DJKUHETXLVɛLQW«UHVVH¢Oɛ,$/H
JRXYHUQHPHQWWXQLVLHQDPLVHQSODFHXQSODQVWUDW«JLTXHSRXUOHG«YHORSSHPHQWGHV
WHFKQRORJLHVGHOɛLQIRUPDWLRQHWGHODFRPPXQLFDWLRQ 7,& \FRPSULVOɛ,$'HSOXVGHV

Communication, technologies et développement, 16 | 2024

 Développer les compétences africaines en IA. Analyse des expériences et évalu... 10

LQLWLDWLYHVWHOOHVTXHOɛ$VVRFLDWLRQ7XQLVLHQQHSRXUOɛ,QWHOOLJHQFH$UWLILFLHOOH $7,$ RQW

«W«FU««HVSRXUVRXWHQLUODUHFKHUFKHHWOHG«YHORSSHPHQWHQ,$
31 &HSHQGDQWLOUHVWHHQFRUHEHDXFRXSGHG«ILV¢VXUPRQWHUQRWDPPHQWODS«QXULHGH
UHVVRXUFHV  HW  GH  SHUVRQQHO  TXDOLIL«  HQ  ,$  DLQVL  TXH  OD  Q«FHVVLW«  GH  UHQIRUFHU  OHV
LQIUDVWUXFWXUHVWHFKQRORJLTXHVSRXUVRXWHQLUOHG«YHORSSHPHQWGHODGLVFLSOLQH
b
4.2. Afrique de l’est et australe

32 /ɛ$IULTXH  DXVWUDOH  HVW  OD  SDUWLH  GX  FRQWLQHQW  OD  SOXV  G\QDPLTXH  HQ  PDWLªUH  GH

G«YHORSSHPHQWGHVFRPS«WHQFHVHQLQWHOOLJHQFHDUWLILFLHOOH'LYHUVHVLQLWLDWLYHV\VRQW
SULVHVSRXUG«YHORSSHUODIRUPDWLRQHWODUHFKHUFKHHQ,$DX[ILQVGHUHQIRUFHUOHV
FDSDFLW«VORFDOHVHWIDLUHIDFHDX[G«ILV«FRQRPLTXHVHWVRFLDX[(Q$IULTXHGX6XGOH
JRXYHUQHPHQWDPLVHQSODFHGHVSURJUDPPHVSRXUVWLPXOHUODIRUPDWLRQHQ,$HWOD
UHFKHUFKH  3DU  H[HPSOH  Oɛ8QLYHUVLW«  GH  -RKDQQHVEXUJ  SURSRVH  XQ  SURJUDPPH  GH
PD°WULVH  HQ  LQWHOOLJHQFH  DUWLILFLHOOH  TXL  RIIUH  XQH  IRUPDWLRQ  DSSURIRQGLH  HQ
DSSUHQWLVVDJH  DXWRPDWLTXH  HQ  WUDLWHPHQW  GX  ODQJDJH  QDWXUHO  HW  HQ  UHFRQQDLVVDQFH
GɛLPDJHV/ɛ8QLYHUVLW«GH&DSH7RZQSURSRVH«JDOHPHQWXQSURJUDPPHGHFHUWLILFDWHQ
LQWHOOLJHQFH  DUWLILFLHOOH  TXL  FRXYUH  OHV  FRQFHSWV  IRQGDPHQWDX[  GH  Oɛ,$  WHOV  TXH  OHV
DOJRULWKPHV  GɛDSSUHQWLVVDJH  DXWRPDWLTXH  HW  OD  UHFRQQDLVVDQFH  GH  OD  SDUROH  &HV
SURJUDPPHVSURSRV«VVRQWD[«VVXUOHVDSSOLFDWLRQVSUDWLTXHV,OVLQFOXHQWVRXYHQWGHV
SURMHWVGHUHFKHUFKHHWGHVVWDJHVSRXUDLGHUOHV«WXGLDQWV¢G«YHORSSHUOHXUH[SHUWLVH
HW  ¢  OD  PHWWUH  HQ  SUDWLTXH  GDQV  XQ  HQYLURQQHPHQW  SURIHVVLRQQHO  6HORQ  XQH  «WXGH
SXEOL«HHQSDUOɛ,QVWLWXWGHUHFKHUFKHHQWHFKQRORJLHGHOɛLQIRUPDWLRQGHOɛ$IULTXH
GX6XGOHVHFWHXUGHOɛ,$DFRQQXXQHFURLVVDQFHUDSLGHDXFRXUVGHVFLQTGHUQLªUHV
DQQ«HVDYHFXQLQYHVWLVVHPHQWWRWDOGHSOXVGHPLOOLRQVGHGROODUVHQVWDUWXSVHQ
,$  &HOD  PRQWUH  OɛLPSRUWDQFH  FURLVVDQWH  GH  Oɛ,$  GDQV  Oɛ«FRQRPLH  VXGDIULFDLQH  HW  OD
Q«FHVVLW«GHG«YHORSSHUOHVFRPS«WHQFHVORFDOHV/H=LPEDEZHDU«FHPPHQWODQF«XQ
SURJUDPPHSRXUIRUPHUOHV«WXGLDQWVHWOHVWUDYDLOOHXUV/HJRXYHUQHPHQWVɛHVWDVVRFL«
¢GHVHQWUHSULVHVORFDOHVSRXUILQDQFHUFHSURJUDPPHTXLDXUDLWG«M¢IRUP«SOXVGH
  SHUVRQQHV  «WXGLDQWV  HW  SURIHVVLRQQHOV  HW  DLG«  SOXV  GH    HQWUHSULVHV
]LPEDEZ«HQQHV¢DGRSWHUOɛ,$GDQVOHXUIRQFWLRQQHPHQWTXRWLGLHQFHTXLDFRQWULEX«¢
DP«OLRUHUOHXUFRPS«WLWLYLW«VXUOHPDUFK«VHORQOH0LQLVWªUHGHOD6FLHQFHHWGHOD
7HFKQRORJLHGX=LPEDEZH  HWOɛ$VVRFLDWLRQGHVHQWUHSULVHV]LPEDEZ«HQQHVHQ,$
 
33 ‚OɛLPDJHGHOɛ$IULTXH$XVWUDOHOɛ$IULTXHGHOɛ(VWHVW«JDOHPHQWXQHVSDFHGHJUDQGH
DFWLYLW«  HQ  PDWLªUH  GH  G«YHORSSHPHQW  GH  FRPS«WHQFHV  HQ  ,$  ,O  H[LVWH  SOXVLHXUV
LQLWLDWLYHV  U«JLRQDOHV  HW  QDWLRQDOHV  YLVDQW  ¢  G«YHORSSHU  OHV  UHVVRXUFHV  HQ  ,$  SRXU
LPSDFWHUSRVLWLYHPHQWOɛ«FRQRPLHHWODVRFL«W«&HVLQLWLDWLYHVLQFOXHQWGHVSURJUDPPHV
GHIRUPDWLRQGHVDWHOLHUVHWGHVERXUVHVSRXUOHVG«YHORSSHXUVHQ,$DLQVLTXHGHV
U«VHDX[  HQ  OLJQH  SRXU  FRQQHFWHU  OHV  SHUVRQQHV  HW  OHV  RUJDQLVDWLRQV  LQW«UHVV«HV  /HV
REMHFWLIV  GH  FHV  LQLWLDWLYHV  LQFOXHQW  GH  UHQIRUFHU  OHV  FRPS«WHQFHV  WHFKQLTXHV  GHV
SHUVRQQHV  GH  IDYRULVHU  OɛLQQRYDWLRQ  HW  GH  VRXWHQLU  OɛDGRSWLRQ  GH  WHFKQRORJLHV
«PHUJHQWHV  /H  SURJUDPPH  GH  IRUPDWLRQ  HQ  G«YHORSSHPHQW  GH  ORJLFLHOV  HW  HQ
LQWHOOLJHQFHDUWLILFLHOOH ,QIRUPDWLTXHSRXUWRXVHQ$IULTXH VɛDGUHVVH¢SOXVGH
MHXQHVG«IDYRULV«VGɛ$IULTXHGHOɛ(VWHQOHXUIRXUQLVVDQWGHVFRPS«WHQFHVWHFKQLTXHV
GHVFRQQDLVVDQFHVHQG«YHORSSHPHQWGHORJLFLHOVHWHQLQWHOOLJHQFHDUWLILFLHOOH$,+XE
$IULFDHVWXQU«VHDXHQOLJQHFRPSWDQWSOXVGHPHPEUHVHQ$IULTXHGHOɛ(VWHW

Communication, technologies et développement, 16 | 2024

 Développer les compétences africaines en IA. Analyse des expériences et évalu... 11

RUJDQLVDQWU«JXOLªUHPHQWGHVDWHOLHUVVXUGHVWK«PDWLTXHVHQOLHQDYHFOHVDOJRULWKPHV
GɛDSSUHQWLVVDJHHQSURIRQGHXUODUHFRQQDLVVDQFHGHODYRL[HWGHOɛLPDJHHWOɛDQDO\VH
GHGRQQ«HV$,'$IULFDHQWDQWTXHSURJUDPPHGHFRRS«UDWLRQLQWHUQDWLRQDOHYLVH¢
IRUPHUSOXVGHG«YHORSSHXUVHQ$IULTXHGHOɛ(VWHQOHXURIIUDQWGHVRSSRUWXQLW«V
GH  IRUPDWLRQ  HQ  OLJQH  HW  HQ  SU«VHQWLHO  DLQVL  TXH  GHV  ERXUVHV  SRXU  SRXUVXLYUH  OHXU
IRUPDWLRQ*RRJOH'HYHORSHU*URXS *'* RUJDQLVHU«JXOLªUHPHQWGHV«Y«QHPHQWVHW
GHVIRUPDWLRQVHQ,$GDQVSOXVLHXUVSD\VGɛ$IULTXHGHOɛ(VWLPSOLTXDQWSOXVGH
G«YHORSSHXUVGDQVVHVDFWLYLW«V
b
4.3. Afrique de l’Ouest

34 ‚OɛLQVWDUGHVDXWUHVU«JLRQVGXFRQWLQHQWHQ$IULTXHGHOɛ2XHVWOHG«YHORSSHPHQWGHV
FRPS«WHQFHV  HQ  ,$  HVW  FRQVLG«U«  FRPPH  XQ  IDFWHXU  FO«  GDQV  OɛDP«OLRUDWLRQ  GH  OD
SHUIRUPDQFH«FRQRPLTXHHWODTXDOLW«GHYLHGHVHVKDELWDQWV 2JXQODGHHWDO 
/HVXQLYHUVLW«VHQ$IULTXHGHOɛ2XHVWWHQWHQWGHVɛDGDSWHU¢FHWWHGHPDQGHHQRIIUDQW
GHV  SURJUDPPHV  GH  IRUPDWLRQ  TXL  YLVHQW  ¢  IRUPHU  OHV  «WXGLDQWV  DX[  FRPS«WHQFHV
Q«FHVVDLUHVSRXUG«YHORSSHUHWXWLOLVHUGHVWHFKQRORJLHVGɛ,$3DUH[HPSOHOɛ8QLYHUVLW«
GH/DJRVDX1LJHULDSURSRVHXQSURJUDPPHGHPD°WULVHHQ,$TXLFRXYUHGHVWKªPHV
WHOVTXHODUHFRQQDLVVDQFHGHODSDUROHODYLVLRQSDURUGLQDWHXUHWODFRPSU«KHQVLRQGX
ODQJDJHQDWXUHO $GHEL\LHWDO 'DWD6FLHQFH1LJ«ULD '61 HVWXQHFRPPXQDXW«
WUªVDFWLYHGDQVOɛDFFXOWXUDWLRQHWOHG«YHORSSHPHQWGHVFRPS«WHQFHV,$DX1LJ«ULD
&HWWHVWUXFWXUHDPLVHQSODFHWRXWXQSURJUDPPHGHIRUPDWLRQGªVOHSOXVMHXQH¤JH
HWDQLPHOɛ«FRV\VWªPH¢WUDYHUVGHVFRQI«UHQFHVGHVERRWFDPSVHWGHVKDFNDWKRQV
DYHFSRXUEXWGHSHUPHWWUHDX[MHXQHVGHG«YHORSSHUGHVFRPS«WHQFHVGDQVOHGRPDLQH
HWGHVɛLQW«UHVVHUDXVXMHW
35 8QHUHYXHGHOɛRIIUHGHIRUPDWLRQ GLSO¶PDQWH HQLQWHOOLJHQFHDUWLILFLHOOHDX6«Q«JDO
PRQWUHTXɛLOH[LVWHGL[QHXI  IRUPDWLRQVDXWRXUGHODGLVFLSOLQHG«OLYU«HVSDUGRX]H
  «WDEOLVVHPHQWV  &HV  IRUPDWLRQV  VRQW  OHV  VXLYDQWHV  VHORQ  TXɛHOOHV  SRUWHQW
VS«FLILTXHPHQWRXQRQVXUOɛ,$
b
Table 3 – Liste des formations en IA au Sénégal (octobre 2022)

b FORMATIONS ETABLISSEMENTS

Formations exclusivement ou 0DVWHU HQ ,QWHOOLJHQFH

8QLYHUVLW«,ED'HU7KLDPGH7KLªV
spécifiquement sur l’IA $UWLILFLHOOH  HW  6PDUW
8,'7
7HFK

0DVWHU  ,QWHOOLJHQFH 8QLYHUVLW«,ED'HU7KLDPGH7KLªV

$UWLILFLHOOH 8,'7

0DVWHU  ,QWHOOLJHQFH (FROH  6XS«ULHXUH  3RO\WHFKQLTXH

$UWLILFLHOOHHW%LJ'DWD (63

8QLYHUVLW«  QXP«ULTXH  &KHLNK

0DVWHU  ,QWHOOLJHQFH
+DPLGRX  .DQH  H[  8QLYHUVLW«
$UWLILFLHOOH
9LUWXHOOHGX6«Q«JDO896

'DNDU,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\ ',7

Communication, technologies et développement, 16 | 2024

 Développer les compétences africaines en IA. Analyse des expériences et évalu... 12

0DVWHU  ,QWHOOLJHQFH
$UWLILFLHOOH

0DVWHU'DWD6FLHQFHV
‹FROH  6XS«ULHXUH  0XOWLQDWLRQDOH
,QWHOOLJHQFH$UWLILFLHOOH
GHV7«O«FRPPXQLFDWLRQV (607
'6,$

0DVWHU'DWD6FLHQFHHW ,QVWLWXW  6XS«ULHXU  Gɛ,QIRUPDWLTXH

,QWHOOLJHQFH$UWLILFLHOOH ,6,

0DVWHU  $IULFDLQ  HQ
$IULFDQ  ,QVWLWXWH  IRU  0DWKHPDWLFDO
,QWHOOLJHQFH$UWLILFLHOOH
6FLHQFHV $,06
$00,

0DVWHU'DWD6FLHQFH &RORPEH  $FDGHP\  RI  7HFKQRORJ\

,QWHOOLJHQFH$UWLILFLHOOH &$7

0DVWHU HQ 6FLHQFH GHV

8QLYHUVLW«,ED'HU7KLDPGH7KLªV
'RQQ«HV  HW
8,'7
DSSOLFDWLRQV

0DVWHU  6WDWLVWLTXH  HW
8QLYHUVLW«$OLRXQH',23GH%DPEH\
,QIRUPDWLTXH
8$'%
'«FLVLRQQHOOH

8QLYHUVLW«  QXP«ULTXH  &KHLNK

0DVWHU  %LJ  'DWD
+DPLGRX  .DQH  H[  8QLYHUVLW«
$QDO\WLFV
9LUWXHOOHGX6«Q«JDO896

,QVWLWXW  $IULFDLQ  GH  0DQDJHPHQW

0DVWHU%, %LJ'DWD
,$0

Formations non exclusivement ou 0DVWªUH  %LJ  'DWD  ,QVWLWXW  6XS«ULHXU  GH  0DQDJHPHQW

non spécifiquement sur l’IA, mais 'DWD6WUDW«JLH ,60
incluant l’apprentissage de l’IA
0DVWHU  FRPSXWHU 'DNDU  $PHULFDQ  8QLYHUVLW\  RI
VFLHQFH 6FLHQFHDQG7HFKQRORJ\ '$867

/LFHQFH  6WDWLVWLTXH  HW
8QLYHUVLW«$OLRXQH',23GH%DPEH\
LQIRUPDWLTXH
8$'%
G«FLVLRQQHOOH

8QLYHUVLW«  QXP«ULTXH  &KHLNK

/LFHQFH5RERWLTXH +DPLGRX  .DQH  H[  8QLYHUVLW«
9LUWXHOOHGX6«Q«JDO896

/LFHQFH%LJ'DWD 'DNDU,QVWLWXWHRI7HFKQRORJ\ ',7

&RORPEH  $FDGHP\  RI  7HFKQRORJ\

/LFHQFH'DWD6FLHQFH
&$7

Communication, technologies et développement, 16 | 2024

 Développer les compétences africaines en IA. Analyse des expériences et évalu... 13

36 *OREDOHPHQW  VXU  OHV    IRUPDWLRQV  UHFHQV«HV  SUªV  GH  OD  PRLWL«    SRUWH

H[FOXVLYHPHQWRXVS«FLILTXHPHQWVXUOɛ,$
37 (Q  FH  TXL  FRQFHUQH  OHV  FDUDFW«ULVWLTXHV  J«Q«UDOHV  GHV  IRUPDWLRQV  HQ  ,$  WRXWHV
FDW«JRULHVFRQIRQGXHV HOOHVVRQWOHVVXLYDQWHV
ɢCycles d’études :/DTXDVLWRWDOLW«  GHVIRUPDWLRQVUHFHQV«HVDX6«Q«JDOHQ,$VRQWGH
QLYHDXPDVWHU3DUDLOOHXUVGHVIRUPDWLRQVSRUWDQWVS«FLILTXHPHQWRXH[FOXVLYHPHQW
VXUOɛ,$VRQWGHQLYHDXPDVWHU DXWUHPHQWGLWQRXVQɛDYRQVUHFHQV«DXFXQHIRUPDWLRQGH
OLFHQFHSRUWDQWH[FOXVLYHPHQWRXVS«FLILTXHPHQWVXUOɛ,$ &HUWHVOɛH[LVWHQFHGHIRUPDWLRQV
GHQLYHDXPDVWHUQHFRQVWLWXHSDVHQVRLXQSUREOªPH6HXOHPHQWXQG«ILQRQHQFRUHUHOHY«
DXWRXUGHOɛ,$SDUOHV\VWªPH«GXFDWLIHVWFHOXLGHODIRUPDWLRQGHVWDOHQWVHQ,$¢WRXV
QLYHDX[DXWUHPHQWGLWGHODGLYHUVLILFDWLRQGHOɛRIIUHGHIRUPDWLRQV¢WRXVOHVF\FOHVGɛ«WXGHV
HWGRQFSDVVHXOHPHQWHQPDVWHU 
ɢ<#GRAS#>&KDPSVGLVFLSOLQDLUHV*5$6!/DWRWDOLW«GHVIRUPDWLRQVUHFHQV«HVDX6«Q«JDO
HQ,$UHOªYHQWGHVGRPDLQHVGHVVFLHQFHVHWGHVWHFKQRORJLHVHWSOXVSDUWLFXOLªUHPHQWGX
FKDPS GH OɛLQIRUPDWLTXH 2U Oɛ,$ LQWHUSHOOH «JDOHPHQW OHV 6FLHQFHV +XPDLQHV HW 6RFLDOHV
6+6 RXOH'URLWHWGHVIRUPDWLRQVFRXSODQW6+6 ,$RX'URLW ,$GHYUDLHQWGRQF¬WUH
PLVHVHQSODFH
ɢStatut des établissements   'X  SRLQW  GH  YXH  GH  Oɛ,$  OɛRIIUH  GH  IRUPDWLRQ  HVW  DVVH]
«TXLWDEOHPHQW  U«SDUWLH  HQWUH  OHV  XQLYHUVLW«V  SXEOLTXHV    GHV  IRUPDWLRQV  HW  OHV
«WDEOLVVHPHQWVSULY«V  1«DQPRLQVFRPSWHWHQXGHVG«V«TXLOLEUHVGDQVODU«SDUWLWLRQ
GHV HIIHFWLIV  OH SULY« UHSU«VHQWH HQ HIIHW VHXOHPHQW  GHV HIIHFWLIV GH OɛHQVHLJQHPHQW
VXS«ULHXU RQSHXWFRQVLG«UHUTXHOHSXEOLFHVWPRLQVHQDYDQFHVXUOɛ,$TXHOHSULY«3RXU
SUHXYH GDQV GHV XQLYHUVLW«V DXVVL U«SXW«HV TXH Oɛ8&$'RX Oɛ8*% QRXV QɛDYRQV UHFHQV«
DXFXQHIRUPDWLRQHQ,$
ɢRégime des formations : (QILQ  XQ  SHX  SOXV  GH  OD  PRLWL«    SOXV  H[DFWHPHQW  GHV
IRUPDWLRQVHQ,$VRQWSD\DQWHVFHTXLFRQGXLW¢VɛLQWHUURJHUVXUOHFDUDFWªUHLQFOXVLIRX
QRQGHVIRUPDWLRQVHQ,$/H6«Q«JDOQHWLUHUDLWFHUWDLQHPHQWSDVSURILWGHWRXWOHSRWHQWLHO
TXɛRIIUHOɛ,$HWOHG«ILDXWRXUGHODPDVVLILFDWLRQGHVIRUPDWLRQVQHVHUDLW«JDOHPHQWSDV
UHOHY«  VL  OɛDFFªV  ¢  XQH  SDUWLH  QRQ  Q«JOLJHDEOH  GHVGLWHV  IRUPDWLRQV  «WDLW  VRXPLV  ¢  XQH
V«OHFWLRQSDUOɛDUJHQW
38 0DOJU«OHVHIIRUWVLPSRUWDQWVFRQVHQWLVOHG«YHORSSHPHQWGHVFRPS«WHQFHVHQ,$HQ
$IULTXHGHOɛ2XHVWHVWFRQIURQW«¢GHX[JUDQGVG«ILVODS«QXULHGHSHUVRQQHOTXDOLIL«HW
OHPDQTXHGɛLQIUDVWUXFWXUHVWHFKQRORJLTXHV/HQRPEUHGɛH[SHUWVHQ,$HQ$IULTXHGH
Oɛ2XHVW  HVW  HQ  HIIHW  UHODWLYHPHQW  IDLEOH  HW  LQVXIILVDQW  SRXU  U«SRQGUH  ¢  OD  GHPDQGH
FURLVVDQWHGHFRPS«WHQFHVGHODU«JLRQ FIHQFDGU«FLDSUªV &HODSHXWUHQGUHGLIILFLOH
ODPLVHHQSODFHGHSURJUDPPHVHIILFDFHVGHIRUPDWLRQHWGHUHFKHUFKHHQ,$ 2JXQODGH
HWDO 

Encadré 1 - Profil des experts et caractéristiques générales des projets en IA

au Sénégal

8QHHQTX¬WHH[SORUDWRLUHFRQGXLWHDX6«Q«JDODSHUPLVGHUHFHQVHUTXDWRU]H 
H[SHUWVHQ,$LVVXVGHGL[  VWUXFWXUHVGLII«UHQWHV FHTXLG«QRWHDXVVLGH
Oɛ«FODWHPHQWRXGHODGLVSHUVLRQGHVUHVVRXUFHVHQ,$ HWGRQWOHVFDUDFW«ULVWLTXHV
VRQWOHVVXLYDQWHV,OVVRQWPDMRULWDLUHPHQWGHVH[HPDVFXOLQ  HW
UHODWLYHPHQWMHXQHV RQWHQWUHDQVHWRQWHQWUHHWDQV 
&RPSWHWHQXGHFHWWHMHXQHVVHFHVH[SHUWVGLVSRVHQWGɛXQHIDLEOHDQFLHQQHW«GDQV

Communication, technologies et développement, 16 | 2024

 Développer les compétences africaines en IA. Analyse des expériences et évalu... 14

ODUHFKHUFKHHQLQWHOOLJHQFHDUWLILFLHOOHHQWUHDQVSRXUGɛHQWUHHX[HW
PRLQVGHDQVSRXU3DUDLOOHXUVFHVH[SHUWVVRQWHVVHQWLHOOHPHQW ¢
LVVXVGHOɛLQIRUPDWLTXH FRPPHFKDPSGLVFLSOLQDLUH 3RXUODJUDQGHPDMRULW«GH
FHVH[SHUWV ¢ OɛLQWHOOLJHQFHDUWLILFLHOOHFRQVWLWXHOHXUGRPDLQHGH
VS«FLDOLVDWLRQ$XWRWDOFHVH[SHUWVVRQWLPSOLTX«VGDQVSURMHWVGHUHFKHUFKH
GRQWTXLVRQWG«URXO«VGDQVXQFDGUHFROODERUDWLI OHVSURMHWVLQGLYLGXHOV
UHSU«VHQWHQWGRQFGXVWRFNUHFHQV« &HVSURMHWVFRXYUHQWSDUDLOOHXUVDXWRWDO
VHL]H  GRPDLQHVGɛDSSOLFDWLRQVFHTXLUDSSRUW«DX[QRPEUHVGɛH[SHUWVHWGH
SURMHWVUHFHQV«VG«QRWHHQFRUHXQHIRLVGɛXQHJUDQGHGLVSHUVLRQGHVHIIRUWVHWRX
GHVUHVVRXUFHV

39 /ɛ«FROH LPSODQW«HVXUOHVLWHGH803 SURSRVHXQHDSSURFKHLQQRYDQWHSRXU

SDOOLHUOHPDQTXHGHSHUVRQQHOTXDOLIL«HQPDWLªUHGɛ,$(OOHIRUPHHQHIIHWGHVMHXQHV
VDQV  UHFRXULU  ¢  GHV  HQVHLJQDQWV  JU¤FH  ¢  GHV  SURJUDPPHV  HQ  OLJQH  HQ  FRGDJH  HW
G«YHORSSHPHQWGɛDSSOLFDWLRQZHEHWGHVSURMHWVSUDWLTXHVHQFROODERUDWLRQDYHFGHV
PHQWRUVHWHQWUDYDLOODQWDYHFGHVWHFKQRORJLHVGHSRLQWH&HWWHDSSURFKHSHUPHWGH
IRUPHUXQJUDQGQRPEUHGHMHXQHV¢GHVFRPS«WHQFHVHQ,$¢XQFR½WDERUGDEOHVDQV
VDFULILHUODTXDOLW«GHODIRUPDWLRQ
40 ‹JDOHPHQWOHVFHQWUHVGHIRUPDWLRQHQ,$OHVXQLYHUVLW«VHWOHVHQWUHSULVHVRQWEHVRLQ
GɛLQIUDVWUXFWXUHV  WHFKQRORJLTXHV  SHUIRUPDQWHV  SRXU  RIIULU  GHV  SURJUDPPHV  GH
IRUPDWLRQGHTXDOLW«HWSRXUSHUPHWWUHODPLVHHQüXYUHGHSURMHWVGHUHFKHUFKHVXU
Oɛ,$  &HSHQGDQW  OHV  SD\V  HQ  $IULTXH  GH  Oɛ2XHVW  PDQTXHQW  GɛLQIUDVWUXFWXUHV
WHFKQRORJLTXHV  DG«TXDWHV  FH  TXL  SHXW  HQWUDYHU  OHV  HIIRUWV  SRXU  G«YHORSSHU  OHV
FRPS«WHQFHVHQ,$ $GHEL\LHWDO 8QHVROXWLRQSRVVLEOHSRXUSDOOLHUFHSUREOªPH
HVW  OD  PXWXDOLVDWLRQ  GHV  UHVVRXUFHV  /ɛLQLWLDWLYH  :$&5(1  :HVW  DQG  &HQWUDO  $IULFDQ
5HVHDUFKDQG(GXFDWLRQ1HWZRUN HVWXQH[HPSOHGHFROODERUDWLRQU«JLRQDOHTXLD«W«
ODQF«H  SRXU  PXWXDOLVHU  OHV  UHVVRXUFHV  WHFKQRORJLTXHV  HW  IRXUQLU  XQH  LQIUDVWUXFWXUH
FRPPXQHSRXUODUHFKHUFKHHWOɛHQVHLJQHPHQWHQ$IULTXHGHOɛ2XHVWHWFHQWUDOH&HOD
SHUPHWDX[XQLYHUVLW«VGHE«Q«ILFLHUGɛXQDFFªV¢GHVLQIUDVWUXFWXUHVWHFKQRORJLTXHVGH
TXDOLW«SRXUOHXUVDFWLYLW«VGHIRUPDWLRQHWGHUHFKHUFKH
b
5. Nécessité d’une réforme structurelle du système de
formation
5.1. Systèmes primaire et secondaire plus axés sur les STEM et la
pratique

41 3RXUUHQIRUFHUOHVFRPS«WHQFHVHQ,$HWOHVWHFKQRORJLHV«PHUJHQWHVLOHVWLPS«UDWLIGH
U«IRUPHUOHV\VWªPH«GXFDWLISRXUPLHX[RULHQWHUOHVQLYHDX[SU«XQLYHUVLWDLUHVYHUV
OHV67(0(QVHFRQFHQWUDQWVXUOHVSURJUDPPHVSULPDLUHVHWVHFRQGDLUHVD[«VVXUOHV
VFLHQFHVLOHVWSRVVLEOHGɛLQFLWHUOHVMHXQHV¢H[SORUHUFHVGRPDLQHVHW¢G«YHORSSHU
OHXUVFRPS«WHQFHV3DUH[HPSOHDYHFGHVLQLWLDWLYHVWHOOHVTXH*LUOVLQ,&7 81(6&2
 TXLRQWSRXUEXWGɛHQFRXUDJHUOHVILOOHV¢VHODQFHUGDQVOHV67(0HQOHXURIIUDQW
GHVRSSRUWXQLW«VGHPHQWRUDWHWGɛH[S«ULHQFHSUDWLTXHOɛREMHFWLI«WDLWGɛDWWHLQGUHXQ
WDX[GɛDGK«VLRQGHHQPR\HQQHSRXUOHVILOOHVGDQVOHVSURJUDPPHV67(0 2&'(
 ,OHVW«JDOHPHQWLPSRUWDQWGHG«YHORSSHUGHVSURMHWVSUDWLTXHVHWGHVDFWLYLW«V
TXL  SHUPHWWHQW  DX[  «OªYHV  GH  PHWWUH  HQ  SUDWLTXH  OHV  FRQFHSWV  DSSULV  HQ  FODVVH  (Q

Communication, technologies et développement, 16 | 2024

 Développer les compétences africaines en IA. Analyse des expériences et évalu... 15

PR\HQQHOHVSURJUDPPHVVFRODLUHV67(0TXLLQFOXHQWGHVSURMHWVSUDWLTXHVSHXYHQW
DXJPHQWHUGHOHVFRPS«WHQFHVHQU«VROXWLRQGHSUREOªPHVHWHQFU«DWLYLW«GHV
«OªYHV 1DWLRQDO6FLHQFH%RDUG /ɛH[HPSOHGHOD&RU«HHVWSHUWLQHQWSRXUELHQ
«WD\HUODQ«FHVVLW«GHUHYRLUODIRUPDWLRQGHVMHXQHVGDQVOHGRPDLQHGHV67(0(Q
&RU«HOHVGLVFLSOLQHVVFLHQWLILTXHVVRQWFRQVLG«U«HVFRPPHGHVPDWLªUHVLPSRUWDQWHV
SRXUODIRUPDWLRQGHV«OªYHVDXSULPDLUHHWDXVHFRQGDLUH/HV«FROHVFRU«HQQHVRQW
WHQGDQFH¢PHWWUHOɛDFFHQWVXUOHVFRPS«WHQFHVSUDWLTXHVHQ67(0HQRUJDQLVDQWGHV
DWHOLHUVGHVDFWLYLW«VH[S«ULPHQWDOHVHWGHVFRPS«WLWLRQVVFLHQWLILTXHVSRXUOHVMHXQHV
&HODOHXUGRQQHOɛRFFDVLRQGHG«YHORSSHUOHXUVFDSDFLW«V¢U«VRXGUHGHVSUREOªPHVHW¢
FRPPXQLTXHUOHXUVLG«HVGHPDQLªUHHIILFDFH3OXVLHXUVLQLWLDWLYHVSULY«HVGHFHW\SH
H[LVWHQW  G«M¢  HQ  $IULTXH  PDLV  OɛDSSURSULDWLRQ  SXEOLTXH  GRLW  ¬WUH  UHQIRUF«H  SRXU
FRQGXLUH  ¢  XQH  U«IRUPH  VWUXFWXUHOOH  GH  OɛRIIUH  GH  IRUPDWLRQ  HW  GHV  PRGDOLW«V
GɛHQVHLJQHPHQW
b
5.2. Système universitaire pluridisciplinaire

42 8QGHX[LªPHHQMHXSRXUOHG«YHORSSHPHQWGHVFRPS«WHQFHVHQ,$HVWODFRUU«ODWLRQ
HQWUH  OHV  67(0  DYHF  GɛDXWUHV  GRPDLQHV  Gɛ«WXGHV  WHOV  TXH  OHV  VFLHQFHV  KXPDLQHV  HW
VRFLDOHV&HWWHDSSURFKHSHXW¬WUHPLVHHQüXYUHHQSURSRVDQWGHVSURJUDPPHVTXL
SHUPHWWHQW  DX[  «WXGLDQWV  GH  VH  FRQFHQWUHU  VXU  OHV  67(0  WRXW  HQ  DFTX«UDQW  GHV
FRPS«WHQFHV  FRPSO«PHQWDLUHV  SRXU  DP«OLRUHU  OHV  FDSDFLW«V  GH  SHQV«H  FULWLTXH  GH
U«VROXWLRQGHSUREOªPHVHWGHG«FLVLRQGHV«WXGLDQWV -RXUQDORI6FLHQFH(GXFDWLRQDQG
7HFKQRORJ\     &HWWH  WKªVH  HVW  UHQIRUF«H  SDU  OɛDUWLFOH  LQWLWXO«  )RVWHULQJ
,QWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\  6FLHQFH  7HFKQRORJ\  (QJLQHHULQJ  DQG  0DWKHPDWLFV  67(0
(GXFDWLRQ     OɛLQW«JUDWLRQ  LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDLUH  GHV  67(0  DYHF  GɛDXWUHV  GRPDLQHV
SHXWDP«OLRUHUODFRPSU«KHQVLRQGHVFRQFHSWV67(0HWUHQIRUFHUOHVFRPS«WHQFHVHQ
U«VROXWLRQGHSUREOªPHVHQFRPPXQLFDWLRQHWHQFROODERUDWLRQ
43 3DU  DLOOHXUV  Oɛ,$  «WDQW  XQ  GRPDLQH  TXL  VɛDSSOLTXH  ¢  XQ  VHFWHXU  GɛDFWLYLW«  LO  HVW
LPSRUWDQWGHFRPELQHUOHVILOLªUHVXQLYHUVLWDLUHVGDQVOɛ,$DYHFGHVRSWLRQVVS«FLILTXHV
¢GHVVHFWHXUVGɛDFWLYLW«VSU«FLVSDUH[HPSOH,$HW%LRORJLH,$HW$JULFXOWXUH,$HW
6DQW«HWF&HWWHDSSURFKHSHUPHWWUDLWGɛDYRLUGHVVS«FLDOLVWHVGHOɛ,$DYHFXQHPLQHXUH
GDQVXQGRPDLQHGɛDSSOLFDWLRQ
44 8QDXWUHDVSHFWTXɛLOHVWLPSRUWDQWGHVRXOLJQHUHVWTXHODTXDVLWRWDOLW«GHVIRUPDWLRQV
HQ,$UHFHQV«HVVRQWRULHQW«HVWHFKQLTXH/ɛ,$HVWGHYHQXHXQSK«QRPªQHGHVRFL«W«HW
GH  FH  IDLW  LO  HVW  LPSRUWDQW  GɛHQ  «WXGLHU  WRXWHV  OHV  IDFHWWHV  ,O  HVW  DORUV  VRXKDLWDEOH
GɛDYRLU  HQ  $IULTXH  XQ  G«YHORSSHPHQW  GHV  FRPS«WHQFHV  HQ  ,$  GDQV  VHV  GLPHQVLRQV
«WKLTXHVRFL«WDOH«FRQRPLTXHSKLORVRSKLTXHMXULGLTXHHWF
b
5.3. Meilleure intégration Formation-Recherche-Entreprise

45 /ɛLQW«JUDWLRQHQWUHODIRUPDWLRQODUHFKHUFKHHWOɛHQWUHSULVHHQ$IULTXHSHXWIRUWHPHQW
FRQWULEXHU¢ODSURPRWLRQGHQRXYHOOHVWHFKQRORJLHVWHOOHVTXHOɛ,$HW¢ODU«VROXWLRQGH
QRPEUHX[  G«ILV  VRFLR«FRQRPLTXHV  VXU  OH  FRQWLQHQW  3RXU  DWWHLQGUH  FHW  REMHFWLI  GH
QRPEUHX[HIIRUWVGRLYHQW¬WUHIRXUQLVSRXUFRQVWUXLUHGHV«FRV\VWªPHVTXLLQWªJUHQWOD
IRUPDWLRQODUHFKHUFKHHWOɛHQWUHSULVHGDQVOHEXWGHG«YHORSSHUOHVFRPS«WHQFHVHQ,$
HQ$IULTXHGHOɛ2XHVW/ɛXQHGHVLQLWLDWLYHVHQFRXUVHVWFHOOHGHOD3ODWHIRUPHDIULFDLQH
SRXUOɛLQWHOOLJHQFHDUWLILFLHOOH $IULFDQ$,3ODWIRUP YLVDQW¢UHQIRUFHUODFROODERUDWLRQ

Communication, technologies et développement, 16 | 2024

 Développer les compétences africaines en IA. Analyse des expériences et évalu... 16

HQWUH  OHV  XQLYHUVLW«V  OHV  FHQWUHV  GH  UHFKHUFKH  HW  OHV  HQWUHSULVHV  GDQV  OH  EXW  GH
G«YHORSSHUOHVFRPS«WHQFHVHQ,$HQ$IULTXHGHOɛ2XHVW&HWWHFROODERUDWLRQSHXWMRXHU
XQ  U¶OH  FO«  GDQV  OH  G«YHORSSHPHQW  GH  QRXYHDX[  SURGXLWV  HW  VHUYLFHV  LQQRYDQWV
%URVWU¸P  HW  DO    TXL  SHXYHQW  DLGHU  OHV  HQWUHSULVHV  DIULFDLQHV  ¢  DFFUR°WUH  OHXU
FRPS«WLWLYLW«VXUOHVPDUFK«VPRQGLDX[,ODSSDUD°WHQHIIHWTXHOHVSD\VTXLLQWªJUHQW
«WURLWHPHQWFHVWURLVGRPDLQHVRQWHQUHJLVWU«XQHFURLVVDQFH«FRQRPLTXHVXS«ULHXUH
GH¢FHX[QɛD\DQWSDVDGRSW«FHWWHDSSURFKH %0 3DUH[HPSOHOɛ,$GDQVXQ
SURFHVVXVGɛLQW«JUDWLRQGHFHVWURLVGLPHQVLRQVSHXWSHUPHWWUHGɛRSWLPLVHUOHVFKD°QHV
GɛDSSURYLVLRQQHPHQWDOLPHQWDLUHVHWDLQVLDLGHU¢DP«OLRUHUODV«FXULW«DOLPHQWDLUHHW¢
U«GXLUHOHVSHUWHVGHU«FROWHV6XUOHSODQVRFLDOODFROODERUDWLRQHQWUHOHVLQVWLWXWLRQV
GHIRUPDWLRQOHVFHQWUHVGHUHFKHUFKHHWOHVHQWUHSULVHVHQ$IULTXHSHXWIDYRULVHUOH
G«YHORSSHPHQWGHQRXYHOOHVDSSOLFDWLRQVGɛ,$&HODGHYUDLWDP«OLRUHUOHVGLDJQRVWLFV
P«GLFDX[HWOHVWUDLWHPHQWVHWDLGHU¢U«GXLUHOHVG«ILFLWVHQPDWLªUHGHSHUVRQQHO
P«GLFDOWRXWHQDP«OLRUDQWODTXDOLW«GHVVRLQVGHVDQW«,OHVW«JDOHPHQWG«PRQWU«TXH
OHVSURJUDPPHVGHIRUPDWLRQHQDOWHUQDQFHTXLDVVRFLHQWODIRUPDWLRQDFDG«PLTXH¢
GHVVWDJHVSUDWLTXHVGDQVGHVHQWUHSULVHVSHXYHQWU«GXLUHOHWDX[GHFK¶PDJHFKH]OHV
MHXQHVGLSO¶P«VGH¢ -RXUQDORI%XVLQHVV5HVHDUFK &ɛHVWHQFHODTXH
OɛLQW«JUDWLRQ  HQWUH  OD  IRUPDWLRQ  OD  UHFKHUFKH  HW  OɛHQWUHSULVH  SHXW  LPSDFWHU
VLJQLILFDWLYHPHQW  VXU  OD  FURLVVDQFH  «FRQRPLTXH  OD  U«GXFWLRQ  GX  FK¶PDJH  HW  OH
G«YHORSSHPHQWGXUDEOH
b
6. Conclusion
46 1RWUHDQDO\VHWRXWHQPHWWDQWOɛDFFHQWVXUOHUHWDUGGHOɛ$IULTXHD«JDOHPHQWSHUPLV
GH  PRQWUHU  TXH  OH  FRQWLQHQW  GLVSRVH  GɛDWRXWV  QRQ  Q«JOLJHDEOHV  GX  SRLQW  GH  YXH  GX
G«YHORSSHPHQW  GH  Oɛ,$  3RXU  TXH  FHV  DWRXWV  VRLHQW  H[SORLW«V  HW  DILQ  TXH  Oɛ$IULTXH
GHYLHQQHXQKXEPRQGLDOGHFRPS«WHQFHVHQ,$LO\DFHSHQGDQWXQSU«DODEOHFHOXLGH
ODPDVVLILFDWLRQ
47 7URLVG«ILVGRLYHQWSDUWLFXOLªUHPHQW¬WUHUHOHY«VGXSRLQWGHYXHGHFHWWHPDVVLILFDWLRQ
ɢ3UHPLªUHPHQWODPXOWLSOLFDWLRQGHVIRUPDWLRQV HWGRQFGHVDSSUHQDQWV«JDOHPHQW DXWRXU
GHOɛ,$DLQVLTXHOHUHOªYHPHQWGHODTXDOLW«DILQTXɛHOOHSXLVVHVHKLVVHUDX[QLYHDX[GHV
PHLOOHXUVVWDQGDUGVPRQGLDX[
ɢ'HX[LªPHPHQWODGLYHUVLILFDWLRQGHVIRUPDWLRQVGLVSHQV«HVDILQTXHWRXWHVOHVGLPHQVLRQV
OL«HV¢Oɛ,$SXLVVHQW¬WUHHIIHFWLYHPHQWSULVHVHQFKDUJH&RPPHSU«F«GHPPHQWPHQWLRQQ«
Oɛ,$  QH  UHQYRLH  SDV  XQLTXHPHQW  ¢  GHV  GLPHQVLRQV  WHFKQLTXHV  HW  VDQV  XQH  GLYHUVLW«  GH
FRPS«WHQFHVHQ,$QLOHVJUDQGVHQMHX[QLOHVG«ILV¢YHQLUOL«V¢Oɛ,$QHVHURQWPD°WULV«V
ɢ7URLVLªPHPHQW  OD  PDVVLILFDWLRQ  GH  Oɛ,$  HQ  $IULTXH  LPSOLTXH  GHX[  DSSURFKHV
FRPSO«PHQWDLUHVGɛXQHSDUWODPRELOLVDWLRQGHODGLDVSRUDDIULFDLQHHQ,$ VDQVGLVSRVHUGH
FKLIIUHVSU«FLV¢FHQLYHDXRQVDLWHQHIIHWTXɛXQJUDQGQRPEUHGɛH[SHUWVRXGHVS«FLDOLVWHV
DIULFDLQVGHOɛ,$U«VLGHQWHQGHKRUVGXFRQWLQHQW HWGɛDXWUHSDUWOHUHQIRUFHPHQWGHOD
FRRS«UDWLRQ  VRXVU«JLRQDOH  RX  U«JLRQDOH  QRWDPPHQW  ¢  GHV  ILQV  GH  PXWXDOLVDWLRQ  GHV
UHVVRXUFHVHWSDUWLFXOLªUHPHQWGHVH[SHUWLVHVRXGHVFRPS«WHQFHVQDWLRQDOHV3DUUDSSRUW¢
FHWWHGHUQLªUHTXHVWLRQOHVLQVWLWXWLRQVGɛLQW«JUDWLRQU«JLRQDOHV WHOOHVTXHOD&('($2RX
Oɛ8QLRQ$IULFDLQH RQWXQJUDQGU¶OH¢MRXHURXXQHJUDQGHUHVSRQVDELOLW«¢H[HUFHU
48 3RXUTXHOHVG«ILVWDQW¶WFLW«VSXLVVHQW¬WUHUHOHY«VLO\DDXVVLGHVSLªJHVRXGHV«FXHLOV
¢«YLWHU/HSUHPLHUGHFHV«FXHLOVFRQVLVWHUDLWSDUH[HPSOH¢VHOLPLWHUDX[DVSHFWVOHV
SOXV  ¢  OD  PRGH  RX  OHV  SOXV  HQ  YXH  GH  Oɛ,$  &RPPH  WRXWH  LQQRYDWLRQ  Oɛ,$  VRXOªYH

Communication, technologies et développement, 16 | 2024

 Développer les compétences africaines en IA. Analyse des expériences et évalu... 17

EHDXFRXSGHVDEOHVHWGªVORUVLOHVWLPSRUWDQWGHQHSDVVHODLVVHUDYHXJOHU,OVHUD
GRQFLPSRUWDQWGHSDUWLUGɛXQHERQQHDQDO\VHGHODVLWXDWLRQRXGXFRQWH[WHHW¢SDUWLU
GHO¢HWVHXOHPHQW¢SDUWLUGHO¢GɛLGHQWLILHUOHVGRPDLQHVGHIRUPDWLRQRXOHVD[HVGH
UHFKHUFKHOHVSOXVSHUWLQHQWVGXSRLQWGHYXHGHOɛ,$8QGHX[LªPHSLªJHWRXWDXVVL
WHQWDQWTXHOHSUHPLHUFRQVLVWHUDLW¢OLPLWHUODIRUPDWLRQRXODUHFKHUFKHDX[EHVRLQV
GX  PDUFK«  ORFDO  /ɛ,$  HVW  GHYHQXH  XQH  WHFKQRORJLH  PRQGLDOH  HW  GªV  ORUV  OHV  SD\V
DIULFDLQVGHYURQWFLEOHUOHPDUFK«PRQGLDO&ɛHVWGɛDLOOHXUVXQLTXHPHQWHQFLEODQWFH
PDUFK«  PRQGLDO  TXH  OHV  SD\V  DIULFDLQV  SRXUURQW  VDWLVIDLUH  OHXUV  SURSUHV  EHVRLQV
FRPSWHWHQXGHOɛHIIHWGɛHQWUD°QHPHQWHWRXGXF\FOHYHUWXHX[TXLHQU«VXOWHUDLHQW

BIBLIOGRAPHIE
$GHEL\L6$$GHJXQ26 2GXQODPL$2  $UWLILFLDOLQWHOOLJHQFHDQGVXVWDLQDEOH
GHYHORSPHQWLQ$IULFD$FULWLFDOUHYLHZJournal of Cleaner Production

$VVRFLDWLRQGHVHQWUHSULVHV]LPEDEZ«HQQHVHQ,$  Impact du programme de renforcement de

capacités en IA sur le développement des entreprises zimbabwéennes.

%UHFNHU./LQV6 6XQ\DHY$ -DQXDU\ Why it Remains Challenging to Assess Artificial

Intelligence,QWK+DZDLL&RQIHUHQFHRQ6\VWHP6FLHQFHV +,&66 

%URVWU¸PHWDO  University-industry collaboration for innovation: The role of relational capital
7HFKQRYDWLRQ

'LJQXP9  Responsible artificial intelligence: how to develop and use AI in a responsible way
9RO &KDP6SULQJHU

)MHOODQG5  :K\JHQHUDODUWLILFLDOLQWHOOLJHQFHZLOOQRWEHUHDOL]HGHumanities and Social

Sciences Communications, 7  KWWSVGRLRUJV

)ORULGL/  7KH(XURSHDQ/HJLVODWLRQRQ$,$%ULHI$QDO\VLVRI,WV3KLORVRSKLFDO$SSURDFK

,Q0¸NDQGHU-=LRVL0 HGV The 2021 Yearbook of the Digital Ethics Lab.KWWSVGRLRUJ
B

)RVWHU. :LQJOHH0  )RVWHULQJ,QWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\6FLHQFH7HFKQRORJ\(QJLQHHULQJ

DQG0DWKHPDWLFV 67(0 (GXFDWLRQEducational Researcher, 48  

)UDQNOLQ0$VKWRQ+*RUPDQ5 $UPVWURQJ6  Recognising the importance of

preference change$FDOOIRUDFRRUGLQDWHGPXOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\UHVHDUFKHIIRUWLQWKHDJHRI$,
KWWSVGRLRUJDU;LY

+DPRQ5-XQNOHZLW]+ 6DQFKH],  5REXVWQHVVDQGH[SODLQDELOLW\RIDUWLILFLDO

LQWHOOLJHQFHPublications Office of the European Union, 207GRL-5&

+XJKHV-$EGXODOL$+DVKHP5 ,LGD) 2FWREHU Embodied Artificial Intelligence

(QDEOLQJWKH1H[W,QWHOOLJHQFH5HYROXWLRQ,Q,23&RQIHUHQFH6HULHV0DWHULDOV6FLHQFHDQG
(QJLQHHULQJ 9RO1RS ,233XEOLVKLQJ

Communication, technologies et développement, 16 | 2024

 Développer les compétences africaines en IA. Analyse des expériences et évalu... 18

-DYDLG0+DOHHP$6LQJK53 6XPDQ5  $UWLILFLDOLQWHOOLJHQFHDSSOLFDWLRQVIRU

LQGXVWU\$OLWHUDWXUHEDVHGVWXG\Journal of Industrial Integration and Management 7  
KWWSVGRLRUJ6

-LDQJ/:X=;X;HWDO  2SSRUWXQLWLHVDQGFKDOOHQJHVRIDUWLILFLDOLQWHOOLJHQFHLQWKH

PHGLFDOILHOGFXUUHQWDSSOLFDWLRQHPHUJLQJSUREOHPVDQGSUREOHPVROYLQJVWUDWHJLHVJournal of
International Medical Research 49  GRL

.UHQQ03ROOLFH5*XR6<$OGHJKL0&HUYHUD/LHUWD$)ULHGHULFK3 $VSXUX*X]LN
$  2QVFLHQWLILFXQGHUVWDQGLQJZLWKDUWLILFLDOLQWHOOLJHQFHNature Reviews Physics, 4  


/RQJ' 0DJHUNR%  What is AI Literacy? Competencies and Design Considerations.

Proceedings of the 2020&+,&RQIHUHQFHRQ+XPDQ)DFWRUVLQ&RPSXWLQJ6\VWHPV

/RX< /LDQJ<  ,QWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\6FLHQFH7HFKQRORJ\(QJLQHHULQJDQG0DWKHPDWLFV

(GXFDWLRQ$/LWHUDWXUH5HYLHZJournal of Science Education and Technology, 27  

0DGDLR0(JHGH/6XEUDPRQ\DP+:RUWPDQ9DXJKDQ- :DOODFK+  $VVHVVLQJ

WKH)DLUQHVVRI$,6\VWHPV$,3UDFWLWLRQHUVɛ3URFHVVHV&KDOOHQJHVDQG1HHGVIRU6XSSRUW
Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 6 &6&: 

0LNDOHI3&RQER\./XQGVWU¸P-( 3RSRYLÍ$  7KLQNLQJUHVSRQVLEO\DERXW

UHVSRQVLEOH$,DQGɚWKHGDUNVLGHɛRI$,. European Journal of Information SystemV 31  '2,
;

0LQLVWªUHGHOD6FLHQFHHWGHOD7HFKQRORJLHGX=LPEDEZH  Étude sur l’impact du programme

de renforcement de capacités en IA au Zimbabwe.

0XGJDO6.$JDUZDO5&KDWXUYHGL-*DXU5 5DQMDQ1  5HDOZRUOGDSSOLFDWLRQ

FKDOOHQJHVDQGLPSOLFDWLRQRIDUWLILFLDOLQWHOOLJHQFHLQKHDOWKFDUHDQHVVD\Pan African Medical
Journal, 43  

1HVWD/0DXU\+  The impact of university-industry collaboration on firm innovation: Evidence

from French firms5HVHDUFK3ROLF\

1J'7./HXQJ-./&KX6.: 4LDR06  &RQFHSWXDOL]LQJ$,OLWHUDF\$Q

H[SORUDWRU\UHYLHZComputers and Education: Artificial IntelligenceYROKWWSVGRLRUJ
MFDHDL

3LQVNL0 %HQOLDQ$  AI Literacy-Towards Measuring Human Competency in Artificial

Intelligence. +DZDLL,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ6\VWHP6FLHQFHV +,&66 

3UDGKDQ,3 6D[HQD3  5HVNLOOLQJ:RUNIRUFHIRUWKH$UWLILFLDO,QWHOOLJHQFH$JH

&KDOOHQJHVDQGWKH:D\)RUZDUG,Q The Adoption and Effect of Artificial Intelligence on Human
Resources Management, Part B SS (PHUDOG3XEOLVKLQJ/LPLWHG

6DUNHU,+  0DFKLQHOHDUQLQJ$OJRULWKPVUHDOZRUOGDSSOLFDWLRQVDQGUHVHDUFK

GLUHFWLRQVSN computer science, 2  KWWSVGRLRUJV[

8QLRQ$IULFDLQH  mCompétences techniques essentielles pour l’Afrique, Dimensions des capacités
clés nécessaires pour les 10 premières années de l’Agenda 2063 }$&%))RQGDWLRQSRXUOH
5HQIRUFHPHQWGHV&DSDFLW«VHQ$IULTXH

=DGRU$(VFROD65LFKDUGV%˜OYHF]N\%%HQJLR<%RDKHQ. 7VDR'  7RZDUG

QH[WJHQHUDWLRQDUWLILFLDOLQWHOOLJHQFH&DWDO\]LQJWKHQHXURDLUHYROXWLRQarXiv preprint arXiv:
2210.08340

Communication, technologies et développement, 16 | 2024

 Développer les compétences africaines en IA. Analyse des expériences et évalu... 19

=KDQJ'70DVOHM1%U\QMROIVVRQ((WFKHPHQG\-/\RQV70DQ\LND-1JR+1LHEOHV-
6HOOLWWR06DNKDHH(6KRKDP<&ODUN- 3HUUDXOW5  The AI Index 2022 Annual Report
$U;LYDEV

=KDQJ74LQ< /L4 6HSWHPEHU Trusted Artificial Intelligence: Technique Requirements

and Best Practices,Q,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ&\EHUZRUOGV &:  SS ,(((

NOTES
1./H3DUWHQDULDWPRQGLDOVXUO LQWHOOLJHQFHDUWLILFLHOOH *3$, HVWXQHLQLWLDWLYHPXOWLSDUWLWHTXL
FRPSUHQGDXMRXUGɛKXLSD\VPHPEUHVHWTXLYLVH¢FRPEOHUOHIRVV«HQWUHODWK«RULHHWOD
SUDWLTXHGHO ,$HQVRXWHQDQWODUHFKHUFKHGHSRLQWHHWOHVDFWLYLW«VDSSOLTX«HVVXUOHVSULRULW«V
OL«HV¢O ,$&RQVWUXLWDXWRXUG XQHQJDJHPHQWFRPPXQHQYHUVOD5HFRPPDQGDWLRQGHO 2&'(VXU
O LQWHOOLJHQFHDUWLILFLHOOHOH*3$,UDVVHPEOHGHVHVSULWVHQJDJ«VHWGHVFRPS«WHQFHVLVVXHVGHOD
VFLHQFHGHO LQGXVWULHGHODVRFL«W«FLYLOHGHVJRXYHUQHPHQWVGHVRUJDQLVDWLRQVLQWHUQDWLRQDOHV
HWGXPRQGHXQLYHUVLWDLUHDILQGHIDYRULVHUODFRRS«UDWLRQLQWHUQDWLRQDOH KWWSJSDLDL
2.KWWSVHJVFKRODUVFRPWRSDIULFDQXQLYHUVLWLHVIRUDUWLILFLDOLQWHOOLJHQFHDL
3.KWWSVFRGLQJIRUDOORUJ
4.KWWSVDLKXEDIULFD
5.KWWSVDLGDL
6.KWWSVGHYHORSHUVJRRJOHFRPJURXSV
7.KWWSVZZZGDWDVFLHQFHQLJHULDRUJDLERRN
8.3RXUSUHQGUHHQFKDUJHOHG«ILGHODIRUPDWLRQHQ,$HQOLFHQFHXQHVROXWLRQSRXUUDLWFRQVLVWHU
¢IDLUHLQWHUYHQLUOHV«WXGLDQWVGHQLYHDXPDVWHUGDQVODIRUPDWLRQGHV«WXGLDQWVGHOLFHQFH/D
FRQVWUXFWLRQSDUOHV«WXGLDQWVGHVPDVWHUVGHG«ILV¢XVDJHGHOHXUVFDPDUDGHVGHOLFHQFH FRPPH
SUDWLTX«H  SDU  H[HPSOH  ¢  Oɛ8QLYHUVLW«  3DULV6DFOD\  FRQVWLWXH  XQ  H[HPSOH  GɛLQQRYDWLRQ
S«GDJRJLTXHHWSUDWLTXHUHPDUTXDEOHGDQVXQGRPDLQHFRPPHOɛ,$R»OɛLPSRUWDQFHGHVG«ILV
QɛHVWSOXV¢G«PRQWUHU6XUFHSRLQWFIOHUDSSRUW9LOODQL
9.&RPSWHQRQWHQXGHOɛ(63«WDQWGRQQ«TXɛHOOHE«Q«ILFLHGXVWDWXWGɛ«WDEOLVVHPHQWDXWRQRPH
10. 'HX[ FDV DVVH] SDUWLFXOLHUV P«ULWHQW Gɛ¬WUH QRW«V 3UHPLªUHPHQW $,06 ELHQ TXɛ«WDQW XQ
«WDEOLVVHPHQW  SULY«  G«OLYUH  XQH  IRUPDWLRQ  JUDWXLWH  OHV  «WXGLDQWV  DGPLV  E«Q«ILFLHQW  HQ  HIIHW
DXWRPDWLTXHPHQWGɛXQHERXUVH $OɛLQYHUVHOɛ(63ELHQTXɛ«WDQWXQ«WDEOLVVHPHQWSXEOLFG«OLYUH
XQHIRUPDWLRQSD\DQWH DXWLWUHGRQFGHVIRQFWLRQVGHVHUYLFH 
11.8QP¬PHSURMHWSHXWSDUDLOOHXUVFRXYULUSOXVLHXUVGRPDLQHVGɛDSSOLFDWLRQV/HVGRPDLQHV
GɛDSSOLFDWLRQLGHQWLIL«VVRQWOHVVXLYDQWV
$JULFXOWXUH
$UW
&RPPHUFH6HUYLFHDSUªVYHQWH
'«IHQVH6«FXULW«
'HVLJQ
'URLW-XVWLFH‹WKLTXH
‹GXFDWLRQ)RUPDWLRQ
)LQDQFHV%DQTXHV$VVXUDQFHV
,QGXVWULH
,QIRUPDWLTXH6FLHQFHVGHVGRQQ«HV
-HX[YLG«R
-RXUQDOLVPH&RPPXQLFDWLRQ7UDLWHPHQWGHO LQIRUPDWLRQ
/RJLVWLTXH7UDQVSRUW
0«GHFLQH6DQW«

Communication, technologies et développement, 16 | 2024

 Développer les compétences africaines en IA. Analyse des expériences et évalu... 20

5RERWLTXH
8UEDQLVPH6PDUWFLWLHV
12.$%HQ*XHULUDX0DURF

RÉSUMÉS
/DTXDWULªPHU«YROXWLRQLQGXVWULHOOHFRQGXLW¢DFFRUGHUXQHDWWHQWLRQSDUWLFXOLªUHDX[67(0HQ
J«Q«UDO  HW  ¢  OɛLQWHOOLJHQFH  DUWLILFLHOOH  ,$  HQ  SDUWLFXOLHU  /ɛ$IULTXH  GLVSRVH  GɛDWRXWV  QRQ
Q«JOLJHDEOHVGXSRLQWGHYXHGXG«YHORSSHPHQWGHOɛ,$HWSHXWRFFXSHUXQHERQQHSODFHGDQVOHV
G«EDWV  HW  OHV  DFWLRQV  DXWRXU  HW  QRWDPPHQW  FHX[  SRUWDQW  VXU  OHV  WHFKQRORJLHV  Oɛ«WKLTXH  OHV
XVDJHVHWF3RXUTXɛLOHQVRLWDLQVLLO\DFHSHQGDQWXQSU«DODEOHbODGLVSRQLELOLW«GHUHVVRXUFHV
KXPDLQHV  TXDOLIL«HV  FDSDEOHV  GH  FRPSUHQGUH  OHV  HQMHX[  HW  GH  PD°WULVHU  OɛXWLOLVDWLRQ  GH  FHV
QRXYHOOHVWHFKQRORJLHV/HVFRPS«WHQFHVUHTXLVHVSRXUOHG«YHORSSHPHQWGHOɛ,$FRPSUHQQHQWOD
PD°WULVHWHFKQLTXHGHVFRQFHSWVODFRPSU«KHQVLRQGHVLPSDFWVGHOɛ,$DX[ILQVGɛXQHU«JXODWLRQ
DG«TXDWHHWODFDSDFLW«GHPHWWUHHQüXYUHGHVVROXWLRQV«WKLTXHVHWLQFOXVLYHV'HFHSRLQWGH
YXH  OɛH[LVWHQFH  GɛXQH  RIIUH  GH  IRUPDWLRQ  DG«TXDWH  DLQVL  TXH  OD  SURGXFWLRQ  GH  UHFKHUFKHV
DSSURIRQGLHVD[«HVVXUOHVEHVRLQVGHVHQWUHSULVHVORFDOHVGHPHXUHQWGHVTXHVWLRQVFDSLWDOHV
&HUWHV  TXHOTXHV  JRXYHUQHPHQWV  DIULFDLQV  RQW  HQWUHSULV  GHV  HIIRUWV  SRXU  G«YHORSSHU  OHV
FRPS«WHQFHV  HQ  ,$    Q«DQPRLQV  OHV  QRXYHDX[  G«ILV  GRLYHQW  ¬WUH  UHOHY«V  SRXU  SHUPHWWUH  DX
FRQWLQHQW  GɛH[SORLWHU  DX  PLHX[  WRXWHV  OHV  RSSRUWXQLW«V  TXɛHOOH  UHFªOH  &HW  DUWLFOH  H[DPLQH
TXHOTXHVXQV  GH  FHV  QRXYHDX[  G«ILV  HW  SDUFRXUW  OHV  GLII«UHQWHV  FDW«JRULHV  GH  FRPS«WHQFHV
HVVHQWLHOOHV  HQ  ,$  WRXW  HQ  DQDO\VDQW  VRXV  FH  SULVPH  TXHOTXHV  H[S«ULHQFHV  DIULFDLQHV  GH
G«YHORSSHPHQWGHFRPS«WHQFHVGDQVOHGRPDLQH,O«YDOXH«JDOHPHQWDX[ILQVGHOɛ«FORVLRQGHV
WDOHQWVOHVH[LJHQFHVGHU«IRUPHVGDQVOHVRIIUHVGHIRUPDWLRQGLVSRQLEOHVGDQVOHVXQLYHUVLW«V
DIULFDLQHVHWOɛ«WDWJOREDOGHV«FRV\VWªPHVGɛ,$GDQVTXHOTXHVSD\VDIULFDLQV

7KH)RXUWK,QGXVWULDO5HYROXWLRQKDVEURXJKWLQFUHDVHGDWWHQWLRQWR67(0ILHOGVSDUWLFXODUO\
DUWLILFLDO LQWHOOLJHQFH  $,  $IULFD SRVVHVVHV VLJQLILFDQW DVVHWV IRU $, GHYHORSPHQW DQG KDV WKH
SRWHQWLDO  WR  SOD\  D  NH\  UROH  LQ  JOREDO  GLVFXVVLRQV  DQG  DFWLRQV  UHODWHG  WR  $,  LQFOXGLQJ  LVVXHV
DURXQG  WHFKQRORJ\  HWKLFV  DQG  DSSOLFDWLRQV  +RZHYHU  D  FULWLFDO  SUHUHTXLVLWH  IRU  WKLV  LV  WKH
DYDLODELOLW\  RI  VNLOOHG  KXPDQ  UHVRXUFHV  FDSDEOH  RI  XQGHUVWDQGLQJ  WKH  FRPSOH[LWLHV  RI  $,  DQG
HIIHFWLYHO\XWLOL]LQJWKHVHWHFKQRORJLHV7KHHVVHQWLDOVNLOOVUHTXLUHGIRU$,GHYHORSPHQWLQFOXGH
WHFKQLFDO  PDVWHU\  RI  $,  FRQFHSWV  DQ  XQGHUVWDQGLQJ  RI  LWV  VRFLRHFRQRPLF  LPSDFW  IRU  SURSHU
UHJXODWLRQDQGWKHDELOLW\WRLPSOHPHQWHWKLFDODQGLQFOXVLYHVROXWLRQV)URPWKLVSHUVSHFWLYH
WKHDYDLODELOLW\RIDGHTXDWHWUDLQLQJDQGWKHSURGXFWLRQRILQGHSWKUHVHDUFKIRFXVHGRQWKH
QHHGVRIORFDOEXVLQHVVHVDUHNH\FKDOOHQJHV:KLOHVRPHJRYHUQPHQWVDUHPDNLQJHIIRUWVWR
HQKDQFH$,VNLOOVLQ$IULFDQHZFKDOOHQJHVPXVWEHDGGUHVVHGIRUWKHFRQWLQHQWWRIXOO\VHL]HWKH
RSSRUWXQLWLHVWKDW$,RIIHUV7KLVDUWLFOHH[SORUHVWKHVHFKDOOHQJHVIRFXVLQJRQWKHFDWHJRULHVRI
HVVHQWLDO$,VNLOOVDQGDQDO\]LQJ$IULFDQH[SHULHQFHVLQ$,VNLOOVGHYHORSPHQW$GGLWLRQDOO\LW
DVVHVVHVWKHUHIRUPVQHHGHGLQXQLYHUVLW\WUDLQLQJSURJUDPVDQGH[DPLQHVWKHFXUUHQWVWDWHRI$,
HFRV\VWHPVLQVHOHFWHG$IULFDQFRXQWULHVWRVXSSRUWWDOHQWGHYHORSPHQW

/D FXDUWD UHYROXFLµQ LQGXVWULDO HVW£ KDFLHQGR TXH VH SUHVWH HVSHFLDO DWHQFLµQ D ODV 67(0 HQ
JHQHUDO\DODLQWHOLJHQFLDDUWLILFLDO ,$ HQSDUWLFXODUƒIULFDGLVSRQHGHED]DVLPSRUWDQWHVSDUD
HOGHVDUUROORGHOD,$\SXHGHGHVHPSH³DUXQSDSHOFODYHHQORVGHEDWHV\DFFLRQHVHQWRUQRDOD

Communication, technologies et développement, 16 | 2024

 Développer les compétences africaines en IA. Analyse des expériences et évalu... 21

,$HQSDUWLFXODUORVUHODWLYRVDODVWHFQRORJ¯DVOD«WLFDORVXVRVHWF«WHUD6LQHPEDUJRSDUDTXH
HVWRRFXUUDKD\XQUHTXLVLWRSUHYLRODGLVSRQLELOLGDGGHUHFXUVRVKXPDQRVFXDOLILFDGRVFDSDFHV
GHFRPSUHQGHUORVSUREOHPDV\GRPLQDUHOXVRGHHVWDVQXHYDVWHFQRORJ¯DV/DVFRPSHWHQFLDV
HVSHFLDOPHQWHQHFHVDULDVSDUDHOGHVDUUROORGHOD,$LQFOX\HQHOGRPLQLRW«FQLFRGHORVFRQFHSWRV
ODFRPSUHQVLµQGHOLPSDFWRGHOD,$DHIHFWRVGHXQDUHJXODFLµQDGHFXDGD\ODFDSDFLGDGGH
DSOLFDU  VROXFLRQHV  «WLFDV  H  LQWHJUDGRUDV  'HVGH  HVWH  SXQWR  GH  YLVWD  OD  GLVSRQLELOLGDG  GH  XQD
IRUPDFLµQ  DGHFXDGD  \  OD  SURGXFFLµQ  GH  XQD  LQYHVWLJDFLµQ  HQ  SURIXQGLGDG  FHQWUDGD  HQ  ODV
QHFHVLGDGHVGHODVHPSUHVDVORFDOHVVLJXHQVLHQGRFXHVWLRQHVFODYH$XQTXHDOJXQRVJRELHUQRVVH
HVW£Q  HVIRU]DQGR  SRU  GHVDUUROODU  ODV  FRPSHWHQFLDV  HQ  PDWHULD  GH  ,$  HQ  ƒIULFD  HV  QHFHVDULR
DERUGDUQXHYRVUHWRVSDUDTXHHOFRQWLQHQWHSXHGDDSURYHFKDUDOP£[LPRODVRSRUWXQLGDGHVTXH
OD,$RIUHFHHQODDFWXDOLGDG(VWHDUW¯FXORH[DPLQDDOJXQRVGHHVWRVQXHYRVUHWRVFHQWU£QGRVHHQ
SDUWLFXODUHQODVGLIHUHQWHVFDWHJRU¯DVGHFRPSHWHQFLDVHVHQFLDOHVHQ,$\DQDOL]DQGRDOJXQDV
H[SHULHQFLDV  DIULFDQDV  GH  GHVDUUROOR  GH  FRPSHWHQFLDV  HQ  ,$  GHVGH  HVWD  SHUVSHFWLYD  7DPEL«Q
HYDO¼DDHIHFWRVGHOGHVDUUROORGHWDOHQWRVODVQHFHVLGDGHVGHUHIRUPDGHODRIHUWDIRUPDWLYD
GLVSRQLEOH  HQ  ODV  XQLYHUVLGDGHV  DIULFDQDV  \  HO  HVWDGR  JHQHUDO  GH  ORV  HFRVLVWHPDV  GH  ,$  HQ
GHWHUPLQDGRVSD¯VHVDIULFDQRV

INDEX
Palabras claves : LQWHOLJHQFLDDUWLILFLDOHGXFDFLµQƒIULFDDOIDEHWL]DFLµQHQ,$FRPSHWHQFLDVHQ
,$
Mots-clés : LQWHOOLJHQFHDUWLILFLHOOH«GXFDWLRQ$IULTXHPD°WULVHGHOɛ,$FRPS«WHQFHVHQ,$
Keywords : DUWLILFLDOLQWHOOLJHQFHHGXFDWLRQ$IULFD$,/LWHUDF\$,VNLOOV

AUTEURS
AWA DOUCOURÉ

8QLYHUVLW«9LUWXHOOHGX6«Q«JDObGRXFRXUDZD>DW@XYVHGXVQ

ABDOUL ALPHA DIA

8QLYHUVLW«9LUWXHOOHGX6«Q«JDObGLDDEVRXODOSKD>DW@XYVHGXVQ

SEYDINA MOUSSA NDIAYE

8QLYHUVLW«9LUWXHOOHGX6«Q«JDOVH\GLQDQGLD\H>DW@XYVHGXVQ

Communication, technologies et développement, 16 | 2024