Résilience urbaine et changement climatique
Résilience urbaine et changement climatique
24 | 2013
Politiques et pratiques de la résilience
Édition électronique
URL : [Link]
DOI : 10.4000/echogeo.13403
ISSN : 1963-1197
Éditeur
Pôle de recherche pour l'organisation et la diffusion de l'information géographique (CNRS UMR 8586)
Référence électronique
Béatrice Quenault, « Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec
l’adaptation des systèmes urbains au changement climatique », EchoGéo [En ligne], 24 | 2013, mis en
ligne le 26 mars 2024, consulté le 10 octobre 2024. URL : [Link]
13403 ; DOI : [Link]
Le texte seul est utilisable sous licence CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Les autres éléments (illustrations, fichiers
annexes importés) sont « Tous droits réservés », sauf mention contraire.
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 1
5HWRXUFULWLTXHVXUODPRELOLVDWLRQ
GXFRQFHSWGHU«VLOLHQFHHQOLHQDYHF
OɛDGDSWDWLRQGHVV\VWªPHVXUEDLQV
DXFKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXH
Béatrice Quenault
b
Introduction
1 (QG«SLWGHVPR\HQVGHSU«YHQWLRQGHSURWHFWLRQHWGHJHVWLRQGHFULVHH[LVWDQWVOHV
YLOOHVGX1RUGFRPPHGX6XGRQW«W«OHVLªJHDXFRXUVGHVGHUQLªUHVG«FHQQLHVGH
FDWDVWURSKHV GɛRULJLQH P«W«RURORJLTXH U«Y«ODWULFHV GH YXOQ«UDELOLW«V XUEDLQHV
FURLVVDQWHV$XILOGHVDQVFHV«Y«QHPHQWVTXLRQWHQJHQGU«GHVSHUWHVKXPDLQHVHW
GHVGRPPDJHVFRQVLG«UDEOHVVHVRQWDFFRPSDJQ«VGɛXQHWHQGDQFH¢OɛDJJUDYDWLRQGHV
LPSDFWVbOHQRPEUHGHFDWDVWURSKHVGXHV¢GHVSK«QRPªQHVP«W«RURORJLTXHVDFHUWHV
SUDWLTXHPHQWG«FXSO«GHSXLVFLQTXDQWHDQVPDLVOHVGRPPDJHVVXELVRQWTXDQW¢HX[
«W«PXOWLSOL«VSDUSUªVGHFLQTXDQWH(WVLOHQRPEUHGHYLFWLPHVDSX¬WUHGLYLV«SDUGL[
JU¤FH QRWDPPHQW ¢ OɛDGRSWLRQ GH SROLWLTXHV GH JHVWLRQ GHV ULVTXHV IRQG«HV VXU OD
FRRUGLQDWLRQ HQWUH OHV V\VWªPHV GɛDOHUWH SU«FRFH HW OHV SODQV GɛXUJHQFH ¢ Oɛ«FKHORQ
QDWLRQDO HW ORFDO 200 OH ELODQ UHVWH WRXWHIRLV ORXUG (Q HIIHW VXU OHV
FDWDVWURSKHVmbQDWXUHOOHVb}HQYLURQVXUYHQXHVHQWUHHWOHVYLQJWFLQTOHV
SOXVFR½WHXVHVVHVRQWSURGXLWHVDSUªVHWSDUPLHOOHVYLQJWWURLV«WDLHQWOL«HVDX[
FRQGLWLRQVFOLPDWLTXHV&HVGHUQLªUHVDXUDLHQW¶W«ODYLH¢SUªVGHGHX[PLOOLRQVGH
SHUVRQQHVHWFDXV«GHVG«J¤WVHVWLP«V¢PLOOLDUGVGHGROODUV &5('
2 &HWWHDJJUDYDWLRQGHVLPSDFWVGXVDX[DO«DVFOLPDWLTXHVHVWFRQV«FXWLYH¢ODSUHVVLRQ
DQWKURSLTXH FURLVVDQWH TXH OɛXUEDLQ H[HUFH VXU OHV PLOLHX[ HW DX[ PRGDOLW«V GH
OɛXUEDQLVDWLRQ HOOHP¬PH TXL RQW IDLW GHV DJJORP«UDWLRQV GH Y«ULWDEOHV SRLQWV
Q«YUDOJLTXHV/DFDQLFXOHGHTXLDSURYRTX«SUªVGHG«FªVGDQVOHVYLOOHV
HXURS«HQQHV GRQW HQYLURQ PRUWV VXU OH WHUULWRLUH IUDQ©DLV HW RFFDVLRQQ« GHV
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 2
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 3
GɛDGDSWDWLRQDGªVORUV«W«PLVHHQDYDQWSRXU¬WUHSHXDSUªVFRQVDFU«HSDUOH&DGUH
GɛDFWLRQGH+\RJRmbBuilding the resilience of nations and communities to disasters }DGRSW«
HQSDUWDWVGDQVOHFDGUHGHOɛ81,6'5 United Nations International Strategy for
Disaster Reduction 'HSXLVORUVOHVSURJUDPPHVLQWHUQDWLRQDX[IRQG«VVXUODU«VLOLHQFH
IDFH DX[ FDWDVWURSKHV QDWXUHOOHV VH PXOWLSOLHQW TXɛLOV VRLHQW SRUW«V SDU GHV
RUJDQLVDWLRQV GHV SURJUDPPHV RX GHV IRQGDWLRQV LQWHUQDWLRQDOHV WHOOHV TXH Oɛ200
2UJDQLVDWLRQ0«W«RURORJLTXH0RQGLDOH OD%DQTXHPRQGLDOHOɛ81(6&2 United Nations
Education and Scientific Organization RX OH ::) World Wildlife Fund 2EMHW GɛXQ
HQJRXHPHQWFURLVVDQWGDQVODOLWW«UDWXUHVXUOHVULVTXHVQDWXUHOVHWSOXVWLPLGHPHQW
GDQV FHOOH VXU OH FKDQJHPHQW FOLPDWLTXH OD U«VLOLHQFH D GRQQ« OLHX ¢ GH PXOWLSOHV
G«ILQLWLRQVHWVS«FLILFDWLRQV 3DWRQHW-RKQVRQb3DWRQ GDQVOHVGLII«UHQWHV
GLVFLSOLQHVTXLVɛHQVRQWHPSDU«HV/RUVTXHOɛRQSDUOHGHU«VLOLHQFHGDQVOHGRPDLQHGH
ODJHVWLRQGHVULVTXHVHQOLHQDYHFOHFKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXHHQFRUHIDXWLOSU«FLVHUGH
TXHOW\SHGHJHVWLRQGHVULVTXHVHWGHU«VLOLHQFHOɛRQSDUOHHWFRPPHQWOɛRQHQYLVDJHOD
UHODWLRQ GH FHWWH GHUQLªUH DX[ FRQFHSWV DII«UHQWV GH YXOQ«UDELOLW« HW GH FDSDFLW«V
DGDSWDWLYHV
b
La résilience, un concept polysémique et multidisciplinaire
5 OɛRULJLQHODU«VLOLHQFHG«VLJQHHQSK\VLTXHP«FDQLTXHXQHSURSUL«W«Gɛ«ODVWLFLW«HWGH
U«VLVWDQFHDX[FKRFVGHVPDW«ULDX[HWSDUDQDORJLHLQGLTXHGDQVOHODQJDJHFRXUDQWOD
U«VLVWDQFHDXFKDQJHPHQW/ «W\PRORJLHHQSU«FLVHOHVHQVHQUHQYR\DQW¢ODFDSDFLW«
GɛXQV\VWªPH¢mbUHERQGLUb}DSUªVXQHSHUWXUEDWLRQ 7LVVHURQ $XIXUHW¢PHVXUH
TXH OH UHFRXUV DX FRQFHSW GH U«VLOLHQFH VɛHVW U«SDQGX GX GRPDLQH GHV VFLHQFHV
mbIRQGDPHQWDOHVb}DX[VFLHQFHVDSSOLTX«HVSOXVLHXUVG«ILQLWLRQVRQWSX¬WUHDYDQF«HV
FKDFXQH FRQWULEXDQW ¢ HQ IDLUH «YROXHU OD SRUW«H &RPSWH WHQX GX IRLVRQQHPHQW
GɛDFFHSWDWLRQVGXWHUPHSOXULGLVFLSOLQDLUHGHU«VLOLHQFH GH%UXLMQHet al. LOH[LVWH
WRXWHXQHQ«EXOHXVHGHFRQFHSWVDII«UHQWVVXLYDQWOHFKDPSGHOLWW«UDWXUHPRELOLV«HW
OHVSU«RFFXSDWLRQVFRQVLG«U«HV LOOXVWUDWLRQb &HWWHQ«EXOHXVHHQFRPSOH[LILHGɛDXWDQW
ODFRPSU«KHQVLRQHWODSRUW«HTXHFKDFXQHGHFHVQRWLRQVFRQQH[HVLQIO«FKLWOHVHQVGH
ODU«VLOLHQFH 'MDPHQW7UDQetal
b
Illustration 1 - La nébuleuse autour de l’emploi du terme de résilience et des concepts afférents
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 4
6 $XVHLQGXGLVFRXUVDFDG«PLTXHFRQWHPSRUDLQGDQVOHVVFLHQFHVKXPDLQHVHWVRFLDOHV
6+6 OHVWHQWDWLYHVGHG«ILQLWLRQHWGɛ«ODUJLVVHPHQWGHODYXOQ«UDELOLW« 3HOOLQJ
D[«HVVXUODFDSDFLW«GHU«SRQVHGHVVRFL«W«VIDFH¢GHV«Y«QHPHQWVSU«MXGLFLDEOHVRQW
FRQWULEX«¢PHWWUHHQDYDQWOHFRQFHSWGHU«VLOLHQFH7RXWHIRLVOHVG«ILQLWLRQVGHOD
U«VLOLHQFH VRQW PRLQV SU«FLVHV GDQV OHV 6+6 TXɛHQ VFLHQFHV mbGXUHVb} FDU FHOOHVFL
SURFªGHQW ODUJHPHQW SDU DQDORJLH HW G«SHQGHQW HQ ERQQH SDUWLH GX PRGªOH
«SLVW«PRORJLTXHGHU«I«UHQFHHWGXFRQWH[WHGDQVOHTXHOFHWWHQRWLRQHVW«WXGL«H'DQV
FHOXLGHODFLQG\QLTXHVFLHQFHTXLWUDLWHGHVULVTXHVHWGHVFDWDVWURSKHV 'MDPHQW7UDQ
HW5HJKH]]D=LWW OHFRQFHSWGHU«VLOLHQFHTXLWHQG¢VXSSODQWHUSHX¢SHXFHOXLGH
YXOQ«UDELOLW«DFRQQXGɛLPSRUWDQWHV«YROXWLRQV $GJHUb.XKOLFNHHW6WHLQI¾KUHU
b 0LOOHU et al b 5RVH SDVVDQW GɛXQH YLVLRQ WUDGLWLRQQHOOH GH OD
U«VLOLHQFH«WDW ¢ XQH YLVLRQ G\QDPLTXH HW PXOWLGLPHQVLRQQHOOH GH FHOOHFL FRPPH
SURFHVVXVRXVWUDW«JLH6DGLIIXVLRQHWVRQHQULFKLVVHPHQWRQWSURJUHVVLYHPHQWLUULJX«
OD OLWW«UDWXUH VXU OH FKDQJHPHQW FOLPDWLTXH HW RQW «JDOHPHQW FRQGXLW ¢ HQYLVDJHU
OɛDSSOLFDWLRQGHODU«VLOLHQFHDXQLYHDXGHVWHUULWRLUHVRXGHVV\VWªPHVXUEDLQV
b
La résilience comme changement de paradigme de la gestion des
risques urbains face au changement climatique
7 &RPPH DXFXQH YLOOH RX DLUH XUEDLQH QɛHVW LQYXOQ«UDEOH DX[ GLII«UHQWV FKRFV
VXVFHSWLEOHVGHVHSURGXLUHGHQRPEUHXVHVU«IOH[LRQVSRUWHQWGHSXLVTXHOTXHVDQQ«HV
VXUOHVPR\HQVGHVV\VWªPHVGHSHXSOHPHQWKXPDLQVSRXUIDLUHIDFHHWU«SRQGUHDX[
SHUWXUEDWLRQVGHOHXUHQYLURQQHPHQWTXɛHOOHVVRLHQWJUDGXHOOHV FRPPHOHFKDQJHPHQW
FOLPDWLTXH RXDEUXSWHV FRPPHXQ«Y«QHPHQWH[WU¬PH FHTXLUHQYRLHSHXRXSURX¢
ODTXHVWLRQGHOHXUU«VLOLHQFHIDFHDX[DO«DV/ɛHQJRXHPHQWSRXUOHFRQFHSWGHU«VLOLHQFH
WLHQWHQSDUWLH¢ODUHFRQQDLVVDQFHGXIDLWTXHOHVLPSDFWVGXFKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXH
VRQW VXVFHSWLEOHV Gɛ¬WUH GɛDXWDQW SOXV Q«IDVWHV HQ PLOLHX XUEDLQ TXH SOXVLHXUV
FDUDFW«ULVWLTXHVGHVYLOOHVFR«YROXHQWHWLQWHUDJLVVHQWDYHFFHSK«QRPªQHSODQ«WDLUH
GɛRULJLQH DQWKURSLTXH SRXU DFFUR°WUH OHV YXOQ«UDELOLW«V XUEDLQHV DFWXHOOHV HW IXWXUHV
3HQQH\HW:LHGLW] 2XWUHOHVLPSDFWVFOLPDWLTXHVOHVYLOOHVVRQWQRQVHXOHPHQW
H[SRV«HV ¢ GɛDXWUHV ULVTXHV PDLV DXVVL ¢ GHV «YROXWLRQV U«Y«ODWULFHV GH
G\VIRQFWLRQQHPHQWV LQWULQVªTXHV IUDJPHQWDWLRQVHJPHQWDWLRQ VRFLDOH GHV HVSDFHV
LQ«JDOLW«VG«VROLGDULVDWLRQV FURLVVDQWHV SUHVVLRQ IRQFLªUH HQ FHQWUHYLOOH «WDOHPHQW
XUEDLQ PXOWLSOLFDWLRQ GHV TXDUWLHUV LUU«JXOLHUV UHO«JX«V HQ S«ULSK«ULH RX GDQV GHV
]RQHV¢ULVTXHHWF TXLHQDFFURLVVHQWFHUWHVODYXOQ«UDELOLW«SK\VLTXHPDLVVXUWRXW
VRFLDOHSK«QRPªQHVVXVFHSWLEOHVGɛ¬WUHH[DFHUE«VSDUOHFKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXHTXL
YLHQGUDERXOHYHUVHUSOXVSURIRQG«PHQWHQFRUHOHWLVVXVRFLDOGHVYLOOHV/DFDQLFXOHGH
HQ(XURSHDELHQPRQWU«TXHOHVSUHPLªUHVYLFWLPHVGHVDLUHVXUEDLQHVRQW«W«OHV
SRSXODWLRQVOHVSOXVG«VK«ULW«HVHWOHVSOXVG«PXQLHVbSHUVRQQHV¤J«HVPDOORJ«HV
KDQGLFDS«HVRXPDODGHVFKURQLTXHVJ«Q«UDOHPHQW¢UHYHQXVWUªVIDLEOHVRXVRXIIUDQW
GɛLVROHPHQW VRFLDO 'H P¬PH DLQVL TXH OɛD LOOXVWU« OɛRXUDJDQ .DWULQD HQ OHV
LQRQGDWLRQV IUDSSHQW OH SOXV GXUHPHQW OHV SHUVRQQHV TXL U«VLGHQW GDQV GHV
FRQVWUXFWLRQV E¤WLHV HQ ]RQHV LQRQGDEOHV VRXYHQW IDXWH GH PR\HQV VXIILVDQWV SRXU
VɛLQVWDOOHUDLOOHXUV0DLVGHSOXVOHVLQ«JDOLW«VVHUHVVHQWHQW«JDOHPHQWDXPRPHQWGH
ODJHVWLRQGHODFULVHHOOHP¬PHHWGDQVOɛDSUªVFULVHORUVTXɛLOVɛDJLWGHUHFRQVWUXLUH
$ORUVTXHOHVDO«DVFOLPDWLTXHVMRXHQWGɛRUHVHWG«M¢OHU¶OHGHG«FOHQFKHXUVSRXUOD
PDMRULW«GHVFDWDVWURSKHV 0F%HDQHW$MLEDGH UHP«GLHU¢FHV«YROXWLRQVTXL
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 5
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 6
TXL WHQWHQW GH U«FRQFLOLHU FHV GHX[ GLPHQVLRQV SK\VLTXHV HW VRFLDOHV /H IDLW TXɛLO
SHUPHWWHGɛDQDO\VHUOHV«YROXWLRQVGHVV\VWªPHVVRFLR«FRORJLTXHVFRPSOH[HVWHOVTXH
OHVYLOOHVHQOLHQDYHFOHVFRQGLWLRQVFKDQJHDQWHVGHOHXUHQYLURQQHPHQWHQPHWWDQW
OɛDFFHQWVXUOHVSURFHVVXVG\QDPLTXHVHWOHVFDXVDOLW«VFLUFXODLUHVHVWXQDXWUHDVSHFW
SDUWLFXOLªUHPHQWLQW«UHVVDQWGHFHW\SHGɛDSSURFKH
b
Résilience systémique, cycle adaptatif et panarchie au sein des
systèmes socio-écologiques complexes
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 7
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 8
14 &HWWH U«VLOLHQFH V\VW«PLTXH TXL FRQFHUQH WRXV OHV W\SHV GH V\VWªPHV SK\VLTXHV
FKLPLTXHV «FRORJLTXHV RX KXPDLQV SU«VHQWH TXDWUH FDUDFWªUHV RULJLQDX[ 7RXW
GɛDERUGHOOHG«VLJQHFRPPHHQSK\VLTXHOHPD[LPXPGHSHUWXUEDWLRQTXɛXQV\VWªPH
SHXWVXELUVDQVFKDQJHUGɛ«WDWVDQVTXLWWHUXQEDVVLQGɛDWWUDFWLRQ(QVXLWHHOOHHVWDXVVL
GLUHFWHPHQW SURSRUWLRQQHOOH ¢ OɛDXWRRUJDQLVDWLRQ GX V\VWªPH OHV V\VWªPHV DXWR
RUJDQLV«V «WDQW SOXV U«VLOLHQWV TXH OHV V\VWªPHV GRQW OɛRUJDQLVDWLRQ HVW SOXV
KL«UDUFKLTXH'HSOXVODU«VLOLHQFHG«SHQGGHODFDSDFLW«GɛXQV\VWªPH¢VɛDGDSWHUFH
TXL HVW REVHUY« GDQV OHV VRFL«W«V KXPDLQHV JU¤FH ¢ OɛDSSUHQWLVVDJH HW OHV UHWRXUV
GɛH[S«ULHQFH(QILQHOOHLQWªJUHHWQLHOɛRSSRVLWLRQHQWUHODQDWXUHHWOHVRFLDO
b
La double facette de la résilience : « réactive » ou « proactive »
15 /HV WUDYDX[ GH OD Résilience Alliance RQW SHUPLV GH PHWWUH HQ «YLGHQFH OHV WURLV
GLPHQVLRQVGHODU«VLOLHQFHGHVV\VWªPHVVRFLR«FRORJLTXHVFRPSOH[HV &DUSHQWHUetal.
TXL H[SULPHQW VD GRXEOH QDWXUH mbU«DFWLYHb} SRXU OHV GHX[ SUHPLªUHV RX
mbSURDFWLYHb}SRXUODGHUQLªUHbODFDSDFLW«GɛDEVRUSWLRQ FHTXHGɛDXWUHVQRPPHQWOD
U«VLVWDQFH GɛXQV\VWªPHIDFH¢XQHSHUWXUEDWLRQWRXWHQUHVWDQWGDQVOHP¬PH«WDWRX
GRPDLQHGɛDWWUDFWLRQbODFDSDFLW«GɛDXWRRUJDQLVDWLRQGXV\VWªPHIDFH¢XQFKRFbHW
OɛDSWLWXGH GX V\VWªPH ¢ FRQVWUXLUH HW ¢ DFFUR°WUH VD FDSDFLW« GɛDSSUHQWLVVDJH HW VD
FDSDFLW«GɛDGDSWDWLRQ )RONHet al. ɘXQHDSWLWXGHOL«HHQSDUWLH¢ODFDSDFLW«GH
U«J«Q«UDWLRQ RXGHUHFRQVWUXFWLRQ DSUªVGHVFULVHV LOOXVWUDWLRQb
b
Illustration 4 - La double dimension de la résilience
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 9
16 /HVGHX[SUHPLHUVDWWULEXWVVS«FLILTXHV FDSDFLW«GɛDEVRUSWLRQHWGɛDXWRRUJDQLVDWLRQ
UHQYRLHQW ¢ OD mbU«VLOLHQFH U«DFWLYHb} 'RYHUV HW +DQGPHU HW TXL UHQG
SRVVLEOHVHORQODOLWW«UDWXUHVXUOHVULVTXHVQDWXUHOVODmbFDSDFLW«¢IDLUHIDFHb}HWFHOOH
VXUOHFKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXHOɛmbDGDSWDWLRQDXWRQRPHb} RXVSRQWDQ«H &DUWHUHWal
&HVGHX[DWWULEXWVVRQWSOXVRXPRLQVVXVFHSWLEOHVGɛ¬WUHPHVXU«VHWFRQWU¶O«V
ELHQTXHODTXHVWLRQGHVUHODWLRQVHQWUHODU«VLOLHQFHGHVV\VWªPHVQDWXUHOVHWFHOOHGHV
V\VWªPHVVRFLDX[UHVWHODUJHPHQW¢H[SORUHU/HWURLVLªPHDWWULEXWVS«FLILTXH FDSDFLW«
GɛDSSUHQWLVVDJH HW GɛDGDSWDWLRQ VH U«IªUH ¢ OD mbU«VLOLHQFH SURDFWLYHb} 'RYHUV HW
+DQGPHU
17 (Q SUHQDQW DLQVL HQ FRQVLG«UDWLRQ OD FDSDFLW« GɛDSSUHQWLVVDJH HW GɛDQWLFLSDWLRQ GHV
VRFL«W«VKXPDLQHV'RYHUVHW+DQGPHUUHSRVDLHQWVRXVXQQRXYHDXMRXUODTXHVWLRQ GH
UHWRXUGɛXQV\VWªPH¢Oɛ«WDWGɛRULJLQHbOHUHWRXU¢ODmbQRUPDOHb}VLJQLILHWLOHQHIIHWXQ
UHWRXU ¢OɛLGHQWLTXHRX¢XQ«WDWGɛ«TXLOLEUHGLII«UHQWGHOɛ«WDWLQLWLDOTXLDXUDLW LQW«JU«
OHVDGDSWDWLRQVWLU«HVGHVOH©RQVGHODFULVHb"'RYHUVHW+DQGPHUHQUHOLDQWODU«VLOLHQFH
SURDFWLYH ¢ OD SODQLILFDWLRQ HW ¢ OɛDGDSWDWLRQ DX[ DO«DV RQW RXYHUW OD YRLH ¢ XQ
«ODUJLVVHPHQWVXEVWDQWLHOGHOɛLQWHUSU«WDWLRQWUDGLWLRQQHOOHGHODU«VLOLHQFHbG«VRUPDLV
ODmbFDSDFLW«DGDSWDWLYHb}TXLLQFOXWOɛDSWLWXGH¢SU«SDUHUHW¢SODQLILHUOɛRFFXUUHQFHGHV
DO«DVGHP¬PHTXɛ¢PHWWUHHQüXYUHGHVPHVXUHVGHU«SRQVHDYDQWSHQGDQWHWDSUªVOD
VXUYHQXHGɛXQ«Y«QHPHQWULVTX«HVWSHU©XHFRPPHSDUWLHLQW«JUDQWHGHODU«VLOLHQFH
18 &HOD LPSOLTXH GH FRQVLG«UHU OHV VWUDW«JLHV G\QDPLTXHV PLVHV HQ üXYUH SDU OHV
FRPPXQDXW«VRXOHVV\VWªPHVXUEDLQVHQSUHPLHUOLHXSRXUmbIDLUHIDFH¢b} U«VLOLHQFH
U«DFWLYH HWSXLVSRXUmbU«SRQGUH¢b} U«VLOLHQFHSURDFWLYH GHVFKDQJHPHQWVVRXGDLQV
HWSURJUHVVLIVGDQVOɛHQYLURQQHPHQWQDWXUHOHWFRQVWUXLWFKDQJHPHQWVTXLLPSOLTXHQW
VRXYHQW GHV DIIOLFWLRQV HW GHV GHVWUXFWLRQV GDQV OH FDV GHV LPSDFWV GHV H[WU¬PHV
FOLPDWLTXHV 'H P¬PH OD QRWLRQ GɛDSWLWXGH ¢ U«FXS«UHU GɛXQ LPSDFW PDMHXU
SHUWXUEDWHXU «Y«QHPHQW H[WU¬PH HVW HQ WUDLQ GH Vɛ«WHQGUH DYHF OH FKDQJHPHQW
FOLPDWLTXH¢XQHLG«HGHPLVH¢Oɛ«SUHXYHIDFH¢XQFKRF¢ORQJWHUPH'DQVFHGHUQLHU
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 10
FDVOHVVRFL«W«VXUEDLQHVVRQWVXSSRV«HVDYRLUWLU«OHVHQVHLJQHPHQWVGHVH[S«ULHQFHV
Q«IDVWHV DQW«ULHXUHV HW DYRLU SDU FRQV«TXHQW LQW«JU« FHV OH©RQV GDQV OHV SULVHV GH
G«FLVLRQVSXEOLTXHVFRPPHSULY«HVGHPDQLªUH¢U«GXLUHOHXUYXOQ«UDELOLW«DX[DO«DV
QDWXUHOV 2U OD YXOQ«UDELOLW« FRPPH OD U«VLOLHQFH QH VRQW SDV GHV FRQFHSWV
XQLGLUHFWLRQQHOV OHV U«DOLVDWLRQV QH VRQW SDV G«ILQLWLYHV HW QH VRQW SDV QRQ SOXV
JXLG«HV SDU OHV VHXOHV SROLWLTXHV FRQVFLHQWHV ,QG«SHQGDPPHQW GHV PHVXUHV
LQWHQWLRQQHOOHV GH U«GXFWLRQ GH OD YXOQ«UDELOLW« WRXV OHV W\SHV GH G«YHORSSHPHQWV
VRFLDX[«FRQRPLTXHVG«PRJUDSKLTXHVJ«RSK\VLTXHVHW«FRORJLTXHVVRQWVXVFHSWLEOHV
GɛDIIHFWHUHQUHWRXUODYXOQ«UDELOLW«HWODU«VLOLHQFHGHVV\VWªPHVXUEDLQV(QUDLVRQGH
PXOWLSOHV LQWHUG«SHQGDQFHV OH FKDQJHPHQW LQLWLDO ɘ HQ WDQW TXH WHO SHXW QH SDV
FRQGXLUH ¢ GHV PHQDFHV RX QH SDV OHV UHQIRUFHU PDLV G«FOHQFKHU GHV SURFHVVXV
VHFRQGDLUHVTXLHX[SHXYHQWVɛDY«UHUSRUWHXUVGHULVTXHV&HVGHUQLHUVSRXUUDLHQWSDU
H[HPSOH LQGXLUH GHV FKDQJHPHQWV VRFLDX[ RX G«PRJUDSKLTXHV D\DQW SRXU HIIHW
GɛDXJPHQWHU OD YXOQ«UDELOLW« HQ UDLVRQ GɛXQH PRLQGUH LQG«SHQGDQFH ELHQ TXH OH
FKDQJHPHQW LQLWLDO QH G«SDVVDLW SDV OD mbFDSDFLW« ¢ IDLUH IDFHb} GHV PHVXUHV GH
SURWHFWLRQPLVHVHQüXYUH
19 )DFHDX[LPSDFWVORFDX[SURMHW«VGXFKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXHOHVYLOOHVSHXYHQWFKRLVLU
GɛHQYLVDJHUOHIXWXUHQUHQIRU©DQWOHstatu quoHWHQUHQGDQWOHV\VWªPHSU«VHQWSOXV
U«VLVWDQWDX[FRQGLWLRQVFKDQJHDQWHVGHVRQHQYLURQQHPHQW(OOHVVHILHQWDORUV¢OHXU
mbU«VLOLHQFH U«DFWLYHb} HQ HVS«UDQW TXH OHXU V\VWªPH GH JHVWLRQ GHV ULVTXHV SODQV
FDQLFXOHV V\VWªPHV GɛDOHUWH HW GɛRUJDQLVDWLRQ GHV VHFRXUV HWF OHXU SHUPHWWUD GH
mbIDLUH IDFHb} HQ FDV GɛRFFXUUHQFH GɛXQ DO«D 2U SDVVHU GH OD U«FXS«UDWLRQ ¢ OD
SU«YHQWLRQHW¢ODSU«SDUDWLRQIDFHDX[G«VDVWUHVSODLGHSRXUODPLVHHQüXYUHGɛXQH
U«VLOLHQFHmbSURDFWLYHb}'DQVFHFDVOHVYLOOHVGRLYHQWDFFHSWHUOHFDUDFWªUHLQ«YLWDEOH
GXFKDQJHPHQWHWHVVD\HUGHFU«HUXQV\VWªPHFDSDEOHGHVɛDGDSWHU¢GHQRXYHOOHV
FRQGLWLRQV/DU«VLOLHQFHTXLGDQVVRQDFFHSWLRQmbPRGHUQHb}mbG\QDPLTXHb}G«VLJQH
OD FDSDFLW« GHV V\VWªPHV VRFLDX[ VSDWLDX[ «FRQRPLTXHV HWF ¢ VH UHSURGXLUH
QɛLPSOLTXH SDV OD mbFRQWLQXLW« VDQV FKDQJHPHQWb} /D U«VLOLHQFH UHQYRLH DORUV ¢ OD
FDSDFLW«GɛXQHQMHX¢VHPDLQWHQLUGDQVOHWHPSVYRLUH¢LQW«JUHUODSHUWXUEDWLRQ¢VRQ
IRQFWLRQQHPHQW $VFKDQ/H\JRQLH 2USRXUTXHFHPDLQWLHQVRLWSRVVLEOHLOIDXW
TXHOɛHQMHXVRLWFDSDEOHGɛDGDSWHUVDVWUXFWXUHDXFKDQJHPHQW/DU«VLOLHQFH SURDFWLYH
TXLPHVXUHSDUFRQV«TXHQWODIDFXOW«GɛDGDSWDWLRQGɛXQHQMHXLFLOHVV\VWªPHVXUEDLQV
HVWGRQFELHQHQUDSSRUWDYHFODYXOQ«UDELOLW« U«VLOLHQ©DLUH 3URYLWROR HWIDFWHXU
GHmbGXUDELOLW«b}XUEDLQH3OXVSU«FLV«PHQWOɛDP«OLRUDWLRQGHVFDSDFLW«VDGDSWDWLYHV
TXLVHVLWXH¢OɛLQWHUVHFWLRQGHODYXOQ«UDELOLW«HWGHODU«VLOLHQFHSURDFWLYHIDLWSDUWLH
GHV VWUDW«JLHV GɛDGDSWDWLRQ %URRNV et al. SODQLIL«HV HW DQWLFLSDWULFHV GH W\SH
mbVDQV UHJUHWVb} LH XQ ERQ PR\HQ SRXU OHV YLOOHV GH SDVVHU ¢ OɛDFWLRQ PDOJU« OHV
LQFHUWLWXGHV HQWRXUDQW OHV «YROXWLRQV FOLPDWLTXHV 6PLW HW 3LOLIRVRYD WRXW HQ
FRQWULEXDQW¢ODGXUDELOLW« 'RYHUV GXG«YHORSSHPHQWXUEDLQ,OVɛDJLWGHUHQGUH
OHVWHUULWRLUHVXUEDLQVSOXVDSWHV¢U«WURDJLUFRQWLQXHOOHPHQWDX[«YROXWLRQVGHOHXU
HQYLURQQHPHQW TXɛLOV FRQWULEXHQW HX[P¬PHV ¢ ID©RQQHU HQ «YLWDQW GH FU«HU GHV
FRQGLWLRQVIDYRUDEOHV¢ODVXUYHQXHGHIXWXUHVFDWDVWURSKHV
20 %LHQTXHOHVPRGªOHVGXF\FOHDGDSWDWLIHWGHOD3DQDUFKLHVRLHQWSOXVXQHP«WDSKRUH
TXɛXQHY«ULWDEOHWK«RULHHWTXHOHFRPSRUWHPHQWGHVV\VWªPHVU«HOVHPSUXQWHSDUIRLV
GHVFKHPLQVG«WRXUQ«VRXVDXWHFHUWDLQHVGHV«WDSHVLOVPRQWUHQWTXHOHVV\VWªPHV
U«VLOLHQWV GLVSRVHQW GH P«FDQLVPHV YDUL«V OHXU SHUPHWWDQW GH IDLUH IDFH DX[
FKDQJHPHQWVDX[VXUSULVHVHWDX[FULVHV *XQGHUVRQHW+ROOLQJb$GJHUet al.
'DQVOHVV\VWªPHVVRFLR«FRORJLTXHVFRPSOH[HVWHOVTXHOHVYLOOHVOHULVTXHSHXW
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 11
¬WUHU«SDUWLSDUXQHXWLOLVDWLRQGLYHUVLIL«HGHVUHVVRXUFHVDLQVLTXHSDUGHVDFWLYLW«VHW
GHV VW\OHV GH YLH DOWHUQDWLIV P«FDQLVPHV SHUPHWWDQW XQH XWLOLVDWLRQ GXUDEOH GHV
VHUYLFHVUHQGXVSDUOHV«FRV\VWªPHVJU¤FH¢OHXUUHGRQGDQFHIRQFWLRQQHOOH(QRXWUHOHV
V\VWªPHVVRFLR«FRORJLTXHVFRPSOH[HVSHXYHQWJDUGHUXQHP«PRLUHGXSDVV«TXLOHV
DLGH¢VHU«RUJDQLVHUDSUªVGHV«Y«QHPHQWVH[WU¬PHVXQHP«PRLUHFRUUHVSRQGDQWSDU
H[HPSOH ¢ GHV HVSªFHV «SDUJQ«HV DX SODQ «FRORJLTXH RX ¢ GHV SUDWLTXHV GHV
FRQQDLVVDQFHVGHVYDOHXUVFRQVHUY«HVDXSODQVRFLRORJLTXH )RONHet al.
21 &HW\SHGɛDSSURFKHV\VW«PLTXHGHODU«VLOLHQFHSHUPHWDXVVLGHFRPELQHUFRQWLQXXPHW
GLVFRQWLQXLW«WHPSVF\FOLTXH HIIHWVHQUHWRXU HWWHPSVOLQ«DLUH FDXVDOLW« HQWUHOHV
GLII«UHQWHV WHPSRUDOLW«V GX F\FOH GH JHVWLRQ GHV ULVTXHV TXH WHQG ¢ RFFXOWHU OH
G«FRXSDJH WHPSRUHO FODVVLTXH HQ TXDWUH SKDVHV SU«YHQWLRQSU«SDUDWLRQJHVWLRQ GH
FULVHU«FXS«UDWLRQ2UWRXWHVFHV«WDSHVVRQWIRUWHPHQWLQWHUG«SHQGDQWHVHWUHQYRLHQW
¢ OD TXHVWLRQ GX G«YHORSSHPHQW GHV V\VWªPHV XUEDLQV SOXV RX PRLQV J«Q«UDWHXU
GɛLQ«JDOLW«VHWGHYXOQ«UDELOLW«VHWSOXVRXPRLQVIDYRUDEOH¢OHXUU«VLOLHQFH SURDFWLYH
QRWDPPHQW (QILQ FHWWH DSSURFKH LQFLWH ¢ SUHQGUH HQ FRPSWH OD P«PRLUH GH OD
FDWDVWURSKH HQ G«YHORSSDQW GHV FRPSDUDLVRQV GLDFKURQLTXHV RX ELHQ HQFRUH ¢
FRPELQHUHPER°WHUFRQIURQWHUOHV«FKHOOHVWHPSRUHOOHVHWVSDWLDOHV
22 6LOHVWUDYDX[GHODResilience Alliance VRQWSDUWLFXOLªUHPHQWLQW«UHVVDQWVLOVQɛHQVRQW
SDV SRXU DXWDQW G«SRXUYXV GH OLPLWHV TXL WLHQQHQW SRXU SDUWLH DX GRXEOH REMHFWLI
SRXUVXLYLbLOVɛDJLWGɛXQHSDUWGHVWLPXOHUXQHUHFKHUFKHDFDG«PLTXHSOXULGLVFLSOLQDLUH
VXUODU«VLOLHQFH HQOLHQDYHFOHVSUREO«PDWLTXHVGXG«YHORSSHPHQWGXUDEOH HWGɛDXWUH
SDUWGɛLQIRUPHUOHVSROLWLTXHV QRWDPPHQWOHVG«FLGHXUVLQWHUQDWLRQDX[ GHVU«VXOWDWV
GH OHXUV WUDYDX[ HQ OHV YXOJDULVDQW $ILQ GH GRQQHU XQH G«ILQLWLRQ RS«UDWLRQQHOOH
FRPSU«KHQVLEOHHWLQWXLWLYHGHODU«VLOLHQFH )RONHet al FHU«VHDXGHFKHUFKHXUV
OɛDG«ILQLHFRPPHODmbIDFHRSSRV«Hb}GHODYXOQ«UDELOLW«bODU«VLOLHQFHHVWDLQVLFRQ©XH
FRPPHOHFRQWUDLUHGHODYXOQ«UDELOLW«FRPPHVRQSHQGDQWSRVLWLI/ɛDWWULEXWLRQGɛXQH
FRQQRWDWLRQSRVLWLYH¢ODU«VLOLHQFH .OHLQet al HVWOL«H¢ODYRORQW«GɛHQDVVXUHU
OɛDSSOLFDELOLW«bDORUVTXHOD YXOQ«UDELOLW«UHQYRLH¢XQHIUDJLOLW«RX¢XQHLQFDSDFLW«OD
U«VLOLHQFHHVWDORUV«ULJ«HHQSURSUL«W« G«VLUDEOHGɛXQV\VWªPHYHUVODTXHOOHODJHVWLRQ
GHV ULVTXHV RX OD SODQLILFDWLRQ XUEDLQH GRLYHQW WHQGUH 2U XQH WHOOH YLVLRQ WURS
VLPSOLVWH SDVVH VHORQ QRXV ¢ F¶W« GHV OLHQV FRPSOH[HV GH OD YXOQ«UDELOLW« HW GH OD
U«VLOLHQFHFHTXLQRXVVHPEOH¬WUHUHJUHWWDEOH¢SOXVLHXUVSRLQWVGHYXH
b
Retour critique sur les conceptions des liens entre
résilience et vulnérabilité : une justification erronée de
l’engouement pour la résilience face au changement
climatique ?
23 7RXWH XQH JDPPH GɛDSSURFKHV LVVXHV GH OD OLWW«UDWXUH VXU OHV FKDQJHPHQWV
HQYLURQQHPHQWDX[ JOREDX[ RX OHV DO«DV H[LVWH TXL HQYLVDJH GLII«UHPPHQW OHV OLHQV
HQWUHOHVQRWLRQVGHU«VLOLHQFHGHYXOQ«UDELOLW«HWGHFDSDFLW«VDGDSWDWLYHVVXLYDQW
GLYHUVHVUHODWLRQVGɛLQFOXVLRQRXGɛHQFKHY¬WUHPHQW &XWWHU etal 3DUPLOHVGLYHUV
FDVGHILJXUHSRVVLEOHVQRXVDYRQVFKRLVLGɛHQSU«VHQWHUWURLVFHQWU«VVXUOHVOLHQV
HQWUHYXOQ«UDELOLW«HWU«VLOLHQFHbODU«VLOLHQFHFRPPHIDFHRSSRV«HGHODYXOQ«UDELOLW«
ODU«VLOLHQFHFRPPHFRPSRVDQWHGHODYXOQ«UDELOLW«RXODU«VLOLHQFHFRPPHFRQFHSW
GLVWLQFWPDLVHQFKHY¬WU«¢ODYXOQ«UDELOLW«/DPXOWLSOLFLW«GHFHVDSSURFKHVDSRXU
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 12
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 13
«Y«QHPHQWTXLVHG«YHORSSHSOXVDYDQWFHTXLSOXW¶WTXɛXQUHWRXU¢XQ«WDWLQLWLDO
VXSSRVHXQHDGDSWDWLRQbFHWWHDSWLWXGHGɛXQV\VWªPHDXFKDQJHPHQWHVWFHTXHOHV
FKHUFKHXUVVXUOHFKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXHG«VLJQHQWSDUODFDSDFLW«DGDSWDWLYHTXHOɛRQ
SHXWG«ILQLU¢OɛLQVWDUGɛ$GJHUetal. FRPPHmbl’aptitude ou la capacité d’un système
de modifier ou de changer ses caractéristiques ou son comportement de manière à mieux faire
face aux stress externes existants ou anticipés }&HWWHVHFRQGHYLVLRQHVWWUªVSURFKHGH
FHOOH GX *,(& TXL LQWHUSUªWH OD FDSDFLW« DGDSWDWLYH FRPPH «WDQW OɛXQ GHV
G«WHUPLQDQWVGHODYXOQ«UDELOLW«DX[F¶W«VGHOɛH[SRVLWLRQHWGHODVHQVLELOLW«GXV\VWªPH
¢ OɛDO«D &HUWDLQHPHQW FRQVFLHQWV GH FHWWH VLPLOLWXGH )RONH et al IRQW
H[SOLFLWHPHQWU«I«UHQFH¢ODFRQVWUXFWLRQGHFDSDFLW«VDGDSWDWLYHVGDQVOHVRXVWLWUHGH
OHXUDUWLFOHLQWLWXO«mbResilience and Sustainable Development: Building Adaptive Capacity in a
World of Transformationsb}%LHQTXHSOXVLQW«UHVVDQWHTXHODSUHPLªUHFHWWHVHFRQGH
FDW«JRULHGɛDSSURFKHVTXLFRQVLGªUHODU«VLOLHQFHFRPPHWRWDOHPHQWLQFOXVHGDQVOD
YXOQ«UDELOLW«QHQRXVVHPEOHSDVVDWLVIDLVDQWHHQFHTXɛHOOHVXSSRVHILQDOHPHQWXQH
UHODWLRQGHFDXVDOLW«OLQ«DLUHHQWUHFHVGHX[FRQFHSWVTXLODLVVH«FKDSSHUODFRPSOH[LW«
GHOHXUVLQWHUUHODWLRQVG\QDPLTXHV
26 /H WURLVLªPH JURXSH GɛDSSURFKHV HQYLVDJH XQH UHODWLRQ HQWUH OHV GHX[ FRQFHSWV GH
YXOQ«UDELOLW«HWGHU«VLOLHQFHSOXVFRPSOH[HTXHODVLPSOHRSSRVLWLRQRXLQFOXVLRQ/D
U«VLOLHQFH HW OD YXOQ«UDELOLW« VRQW DORUV HQYLVDJ«HV FRPPH GHV FRQFHSWV V«SDU«V
0DQ\HQDb3DWRQ PDLVTXLHQWUHWLHQQHQWQ«DQPRLQVGɛ«WURLWHVUHODWLRQV
RX FKHYDXFKHPHQWV 3RXU QRWUH SDUW QRXV FRQVLG«URQV TXH OD YXOQ«UDELOLW« HW OD
U«VLOLHQFHVRQWGHX[FRQFHSWVGLVWLQFWVTXLVHFKHYDXFKHQW 4XHQDXOWetal bWRXV
GHX[LQFOXHQWODFDSDFLW«DGDSWDWLYHTXLFRPPHRQODSU«F«GHPPHQWVRXOLJQ«HVWOɛXQ
GHV «O«PHQWV FRPPXQ GH OD U«VLOLHQFH SURDFWLYH HW GH OD YXOQ«UDELOLW« GLWH DORUV
U«VLOLHQ©DLUH 3URYLWROR 3RXUDXWDQWOɛRQQHVRXVFULWSDV¢OɛLG«HSU«VHQWHFKH]
FHUWDLQVDXWHXUVTXHODU«VLOLHQFHHWODYXOQ«UDELOLW«SXLVVHQW¬WUHFRQVLG«U«HVFRPPH
«WDQW LQG«SHQGDQWHV FRPPH DJLVVDQW ¢ GLII«UHQWHV SKDVHV DSUªV OD VXUYHQXH GH
Oɛ«Y«QHPHQW SU«SDUDWLRQ U«SRQVH HW U«FXS«UDWLRQ DX[ QLYHDX[ LQGLYLGXHOV
FRPPXQDXWDLUHVRXLQVWLWXWLRQQHOVDILQGHFRQWULEXHUUHVSHFWLYHPHQW¢OɛDP«OLRUDWLRQ
GH OɛDGDSWDWLRQ HW ¢ OD PLQLPLVDWLRQ GHV UXSWXUHV 3DWRQ (Q UHYDQFKH QRXV
DGK«URQV¢ODYLVLRQGH5RVH ORUVTXɛLOLQGLTXHTXHODU«GXFWLRQGHODYXOQ«UDELOLW«
QɛLPSOLTXHSDVWRXMRXUVTXHODU«VLOLHQFHSURJUHVVH6LODORFDOLVDWLRQODSOXVDWWUDFWLYH
«FRQRPLTXHPHQWGɛXQHU«JLRQ SDUH[HPSOHXQHYLOOHSRUWXDLUHVLWX«HGDQVOHGHOWD
GɛXQIOHXYH HVW«JDOHPHQWXQVLWHYXOQ«UDEOH LHVXMHWDX[LQRQGDWLRQV OHVPHVXUHVGH
SURWHFWLRQSHXYHQWVXEVWDQWLHOOHPHQWU«GXLUHODYXOQ«UDELOLW«GHFHOLHX ODSUREDELOLW«
GHV LQRQGDWLRQV HVW U«GXLWH b WRXWHIRLV XQH FRQFHQWUDWLRQ FURLVVDQWH GɛDFWLYLW«V
«FRQRPLTXHVGDQVFHWWHSDUWLHGHODU«JLRQODSOXVVXMHWWHDX[LQRQGDWLRQVSHXWU«GXLUH
ODU«VLOLHQFHGHFHWHUULWRLUH OɛH[SRVLWLRQ¢OɛDO«DDFHUWHVGLPLQX«PDLVODVHQVLELOLW«
DX[LPSDFWVDHQUHYDQFKHDXJPHQW«VLOɛ«Y«QHPHQWGHYDLWVHSURGXLUH &HU«VXOWDW
DSSDUHPPHQWSDUDGR[DOWLHQWDX[GLII«UHQWHVSHUVSHFWLYHVGDQVFHFDVJ«RJUDSKLTXHV
DXUHJDUGGHV«FKHOOHVDX[TXHOOHVODYXOQ«UDELOLW«HWODU«VLOLHQFHVRQW«YDOX«HV&HOD
WLHQWDXIDLWTXHOHVVRFL«W«VVRXYHQWQHFRPSUHQQHQWSDVODWRWDOLW«GHVP«FDQLVPHV
HQFOHQFK«V SDU OHV HIIRUWV HQWUHSULV SRXU U«GXLUH OD YXOQ«UDELOLW« HW DP«OLRUHU OD
U«VLOLHQFH (OOHV QɛHQ DSSU«KHQGHQW TXH GHV mbPRUFHDX[b} PDLV SDV OH SURFHVVXV
GɛHQVHPEOH
27 ,OH[LVWHDLQVLWRXWHXQHJDPPHGɛDSSURFKHVGHVOLHQVHQWUHYXOQ«UDELOLW«HWU«VLOLHQFH
OHVTXHOOHV GLIIªUHQW VHQVLEOHPHQW OHV XQHV GHV DXWUHV VXLYDQW OD FRQFHSWLRQ SOXW¶W
VWDWLTXHRX¢OɛLQYHUVHG\QDPLTXHGHODU«VLOLHQFHTXHOHVDXWHXUVPHWWHQWHQDYDQW6L
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 14
ODU«VLOLHQFHHVWLQWHUSU«W«HSOXVFRPPHXQU«VXOWDWTXHFRPPHXQSURFHVVXVDORUVHOOH
HVWFRQVLG«U«HFRPPH«WDQWLQFRUSRU«HDXVHLQGXFRQFHSWGHYXOQ«UDELOLW«0DLVVLOD
U«VLOLHQFHHVWSHU©XHSOXVFRPPHXQSURFHVVXVTXHFRPPHXQU«VXOWDWHQOLHQDYHFOHV
FDSDFLW«V DGDSWDWLYHV HW GɛDSSUHQWLVVDJH DORUV OD YXOQ«UDELOLW« HW OD U«VLOLHQFH
UHSU«VHQWHQWGHVFRQFHSWVV«SDU«VPDLVQ«DQPRLQVOL«VSDUFHUWDLQVDVSHFWV YLVLRQ¢
ODTXHOOH QRXV VRXVFULYRQV 6HORQ OHV VHFRQGH HW WURLVLªPH LQWHUSU«WDWLRQV GHV OLHQV
HQWUHU«VLOLHQFHHWYXOQ«UDELOLW« UHVSHFWLYHPHQWUHODWLRQGɛLQFOXVLRQRXGHV«SDUDWLRQ
DYHFGHVFKHYDXFKHPHQWV FHVGHX[SURSUL«W«V G\QDPLTXHV MRXHQWXQU¶OHGLII«UHQW
GDQVODFDSDFLW«GɛXQWHUULWRLUHRXGɛXQHFRPPXQDXW«¢VHSU«SDUHUHW¢U«SRQGUH¢GHV
«Y«QHPHQWV H[WU¬PHV &HV DSSURFKHV SDUWDJHQW Q«DQPRLQV OɛLG«H TXH GHV VWUDW«JLHV
YLVDQW ¢ U«GXLUH OD YXOQ«UDELOLW« QH FRQWULEXHQW SDV Q«FHVVDLUHPHQW ¢ DP«OLRUHU OD
U«VLOLHQFH GɛXQ V\VWªPH GRQQ« HW LQYHUVHPHQW 8Q V\VWªPH SHXW DLQVL ¬WUH
VLPXOWDQ«PHQWYXOQ«UDEOHHWU«VLOLHQW 9DOHHW&DPSDQHOOD &HVGHX[FRQFHSWV
GRLYHQWDLQVLVɛ«WXGLHUGDQVXQHFHUWDLQHFRQWLQXLW«WRXWHQFRQVLG«UDQWTXɛLOH[LVWHXQH
GLII«UHQFH GH QDWXUH HQWUH HX[ /D YXOQ«UDELOLW« WRXW HQ SRVV«GDQW XQH GLPHQVLRQ
mbSURFHVVXVb} UHQYRLH HVVHQWLHOOHPHQW ¢ XQH SU«GLVSRVLWLRQ ¢ OɛHQGRPPDJHPHQW
GLPHQVLRQ mb«WDWb} GXH DX[ FDUDFW«ULVWLTXHV LQK«UHQWHV GɛXQ V\VWªPH XUEDLQ
QRWDPPHQW FRPPHOHVFDSDFLW«VDGDSWDWLYHV TXLG«SHQGHQWGXQLYHDXGHULFKHVVH
GɛDFFªV DX[ FRQQDLVVDQFHV HW VDYRLUV DX[ LQIUDVWUXFWXUHV HW GH OD TXDOLW« GHV
LQVWLWXWLRQV GH OɛRUJDQLVDWLRQ HWF /D U«VLOLHQFH TXL SHXW ¬WUH FRQVLG«U«H ¢ OD IRLV
FRPPHXQ«WDWXQSURFHVVXVRXXQHVWUDW«JLH 5XWWHU HVWXQFRQFHSW¢ODIRLV
SOXVG\QDPLTXHHWGDYDQWDJHUHODWLRQQHORXLQWHUDFWLITXHFHOXLGHYXOQ«UDELOLW«
b
Les différentes dimensions de la résilience proactive : des divers
types d’adaptation planifiée au changement climatique dans les
systèmes urbains
28 &RPSWHWHQXGHODFR«YROXWLRQGXFKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXHDYHFOHVVRFL«W«VKXPDLQHVOD
TXHVWLRQGHIRQGHVWGHVDYRLUTXHOOHVVHURQWOHVFRQV«TXHQFHVFDWDVWURSKLTXHVRXQRQ
GHVPRGLILFDWLRQVHQFRXUVGXFOLPDWVXUOHVHVSDFHVXUEDQLV«VVDFKDQWTXHFHVLPSDFWV
VHURQWODUJHPHQWFRQGLWLRQQ«VSDUODFDSDFLW«GHU«SRQVHGHVYLOOHVIDFH¢FHVPHQDFHV
IXWXUHV /HV ERXOHYHUVHPHQWV QH ULVTXHQWLOV SDV Gɛ¬WUH WHOOHPHQW SURIRQGV SRXU OD
UHSURGXFWLRQ GHV WHUULWRLUHV TXH P¬PH OHV VRFL«W«V OHV SOXV «YROX«HV HW OHV SOXV
FU«DWLYHV SXLVVHQW VɛHIIRQGUHU VRXV OɛHPSULVH GH FULVHV PDMHXUHV SURYRTX«HV SDU OD
G«JUDGDWLRQ DQWKURSLTXH GH OHXU HQYLURQQHPHQW 'LDPRQG b" $P«OLRUHU OD
U«VLOLHQFHXUEDLQHVXSSRVHGɛRS«UHUXQFKDQJHPHQWGHSRVWXUHUDGLFDOTXLIHUDLWSDVVHU
GXSDUDGLJPHWHFKQLFLVWH¢XQSDUDGLJPH«FRV\VW«PLTXHR»LOQHVɛDJLWSOXVGHmbOXWWHU
FRQWUHb}OHV«YROXWLRQVHWOHVFKDQJHPHQWV¢OɛüXYUHPDLVELHQSOXW¶WGHmbIDLUHDYHFb}
%HUWUDQG 8QHUHSU«VHQWDWLRQSOXVSURFHVVXHOOHVRXVODIRUPHGHG\QDPLTXH
FRQWLQXH LQW«JUDQWOHVU«WURDFWLRQV HVWDLQVLPLVHHQDYDQWR»LOHVWDORUVGDYDQWDJH
TXHVWLRQ GH mbVɛDGDSWHU ¢ VɛDGDSWHUb} 2U PDOJU« XQH RXYHUWXUH FURLVVDQWH GH OD
OLWW«UDWXUHVXUOHFKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXHDX[TXHVWLRQVGHYXOQ«UDELOLW«HWGɛDGDSWDWLRQ
GHVV\VWªPHVKXPDLQVGHSHXSOHPHQW *LOEHUW ODSOXSDUWGHVDSSURFKHVUHVWHQW
HQFRUH IRFDOLV«HV VXU XQH JHVWLRQ GHV ULVTXHV WUªV DO«DFHQWU«H XQH YLVLRQ
HVVHQWLHOOHPHQW SK\VLTXH GH OD YXOQ«UDELOLW« HW GHV VROXWLRQV GɛDGDSWDWLRQ WUªV
WHFKQRORJLVWHVRXLQJ«QLHXULDOHV
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 15
29 3RXUDP«OLRUHUOHXUU«VLOLHQFHSURDFWLYHRXOHXUDGDSWDWLRQSODQLIL«HDXFKDQJHPHQW
FOLPDWLTXHOHVYLOOHVVRQWQRWDPPHQWLQYLW«HV¢DJLUVXUWURLVIDPLOOHVGHSDUDPªWUHV
'H3HUWKXLV GHSOXVHQSOXVFRPPXQ«PHQWPLVHQDYDQWbODVWUXFWXUHGXE¤WLHW
QDWXUH GHV PDW«ULDX[ GHV FRQVWUXFWLRQV PDW«ULDX[ LVRODQWV U«IO«FKLVVDQWV WRLWV RX
ID©DGHV Y«J«WDOLV«V KDXWHXU GX E¤WL HWF b OHV FDUDFW«ULVWLTXHV GHV LQIUDVWUXFWXUHV
PXQLFLSDOHV HW GHV SULQFLSDOHV mbOLJQHV GH YLHb} GLYHUVLILFDWLRQ GHV VRXUFHV
GɛDOLPHQWDWLRQHWUHGRQGDQFHGHVU«VHDX[GɛHDXGɛ«QHUJLHGHG«FKHWVGHWUDQVSRUWV
SXEOLFVHWF bHWHQILQOHVVFK«PDVGɛXUEDQLVDWLRQDYHFOHW\SHGɛ«TXLOLEUHYLV«HQWUH
OHVGLII«UHQWVXVDJHVGHOɛHVSDFHHWPRGHVGHPRELOLW« GHQVLILFDWLRQFRPSDFLILFDWLRQ
GHV YLOOHV SU«VHUYDWLRQ GHV HVSDFHV YHUWV DJULFROHV HW IRUHVWLHUV DP«QDJHPHQW GH
WUDPHV YHUWHV HW EOHXHV HWF &HV SDUDPªWUHV TXL LQIOXHQFHQW OH PRGH GH YLH GHV
KDELWDQWVHWOHP«WDEROLVPHXUEDLQOL«¢OɛDPSOLWXGHGHVIOX[GHFKDOHXUDQWKURSLTXHV
FRQGLWLRQQHQWFHUWHVODFDSDFLW«DGDSWDWLYHGHVYLOOHVDXFKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXH,OV
SU«ILJXUHQWDXVVLOHXUVG«SHQVHV«QHUJ«WLTXHVHWOHXUVQLYHDX[Gɛ«PLVVLRQVIXWXUVGH
JD] ¢ HIIHW GH VHUUH FɛHVW¢GLUH OɛDPSOHXU GH OɛDWW«QXDWLRQ ORFDOH GHV FDXVHV GX
FKDQJHPHQW FOLPDWLTXH HW OD GXUDELOLW« GX G«YHORSSHPHQW XUEDLQ LH U«GXFWLRQ
G«SHQVHV «QHUJ«WLTXHV HW GRQF G«SHQGDQFH DX[ UHVVRXUFHVb U«GXFWLRQ GH Oɛ°ORW GH
FKDOHXUXUEDLQHWF 7RXWHIRLVORLQGHUHSU«VHQWHUXQHU«HOOHUXSWXUHGHSDUDGLJPH
GDQV OD JHVWLRQ GHV ULVTXHV OHV VROXWLRQV GɛDGDSWDWLRQ DLQVL SU¶Q«HV VRQW
HVVHQWLHOOHPHQWGHW\SHLQJ«QLHXULDOHWWHFKQRORJLVWH(OOHVWRXUQHQWDLQVLU«VROXPHQW
OHGRVDX[TXHVWLRQVGHVROLGDULW«HWGHG«YHORSSHPHQWKXPDLQOL«HV¢XQPDQTXHGH
FDSDELOLW«V 6HQ HW¢ODSURJUHVVLRQJ«Q«UDOLV«HVGHVSK«QRPªQHVGɛLVROHPHQW
GɛLQ«JDOLW«VGHVHJPHQWDWLRQHWGHIUDJPHQWDWLRQVRFLDOHVGDQVODPDMRULW«GHVDLUHV
XUEDLQHV GDQV OHV SD\V GX 1RUG FRPPH GX 6XG &H VRQW SRXUWDQW O¢ OHV SULQFLSDX[
IDFWHXUV FRQWULEXDQW ¢ J«Q«UHU GH WUªV IRUWHV YXOQ«UDELOLW«V DX[ DO«DV FOLPDWLTXHV
DFWXHOVRXIXWXUVSRXUOHVIUDQJHVOHVSOXVG«PXQLHVLVRO«HVGHVSRSXODWLRQVXUEDLQHV,O
FRQYLHQWDORUVGHVHGHPDQGHUDXUHJDUGGHTXHOHQMHX SRXUTXLHWIDFH¢TXHOGDQJHU
WHO RX WHO V\VWªPH XUEDLQ SHXW ¬WUH FRQVLG«U« FRPPH U«VLOLHQW HW GH TXHO W\SH GH
U«VLOLHQFH OɛRQ SDUOH ORUVTXɛRQ HQYLVDJH OɛDGDSWDWLRQ GHV YLOOHV DX FKDQJHPHQW
FOLPDWLTXH
b
Conclusion
30 0DOJU« OɛHQJRXHPHQW GRQW OH FRQFHSW GH U«VLOLHQFH HVW OɛREMHW GDQV OD OLWW«UDWXUH
DII«UHQWH ¢ OD JHVWLRQ GHV ULVTXHV XUEDLQV \ FRPSULV FHX[ OL«V DX FKDQJHPHQW
FOLPDWLTXHGHUHGRXWDEOHVGLIILFXOW«VGɛRS«UDWLRQQDOLVDWLRQGXFRQFHSWGHPHXUHQW/D
PXOWLSOLFLW« GHV DSSURFKHV GH OD U«VLOLHQFH HW GHV OLHQV TXɛHOOH HQWUHWLHQW DYHF OD
YXOQ«UDELOLW«HWOHVFDSDFLW«VDGDSWDWLYHVHWTXLHQDOLPHQWHQWODSRO\V«PLHMHWWHOH
GRXWHVXUODSHUWLQHQFHRS«UDWLRQQHOOHGXFRQFHSWHQDOLPHQWDQWGHVLQWHUSU«WDWLRQV
DPELJ¾HVYRLUHFRQWUDGLFWRLUHV 'MDPHQW7UDQetal 3DUH[HPSOHOHUHWRXUGHV
SHUVRQQHVG«IDYRULV«HVGDQVOHVTXDUWLHUVVLQLVWU«VDSUªVXQHFDWDVWURSKHGRQQHOLHX¢
GHVOHFWXUHVFRQWUDVW«HVGHODSDUWGHVGLYHUVREVHUYDWHXUVbSRXUFHUWDLQVFHUHWRXUHVW
U«Y«ODWHXU GH OHXU U«VLOLHQFH O¢ R» GɛDXWUHV \ YRLHQW OH VLJQH GH OHXU YXOQ«UDELOLW«b
GɛDXFXQVFRQVLGªUHURQWFHUHWRXUFRPPHOHUHIOHWGHOɛLQHUWLHGXV\VWªPHP«WURSROLWDLQ
WDQGLV TXH GɛDXWUHV \ YHUURQW OD FDSWLYLW« GH FHV SRSXODWLRQV 'H P¬PH SRXU ¬WUH
FRQVLG«U«FRPPHU«VLOLHQWXQV\VWªPHVHGHYUDLWGɛ¬WUHVLPXOWDQ«PHQWbUHGRQGDQW
GLYHUVLIL«HWHIILFDFHbDXWRQRPHHWFROODERUDWLIRXSDUWLFLSDWLIbU«VLVWDQWHWDGDSWDEOHb
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 16
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 17
GHPDQGHUTXLSURFODPHODQ«FHVVLW«GHU«VLOLHQFHHWTXHOHVWOHW\SHGHSURMHWGHVRFL«W«
SRXUVXLYLORUVTXHFHOOHFLHVWDLQVLFRQYRTX«H
BIBLIOGRAPHIE
$GJHU:19XOQHUDELOLW\Global Environmental ChangeYRObQrbSb
$GJHU:1$UQHOO1:7RPSNLQV(/6XFFHVVIXODGDSWDWLRQWRFOLPDWHFKDQJHDFURVV
VFDOHVGlobal Environmental Change,YRObSb
$GJHU:1%URRNV1%HQWKDP*$JQHZ0(ULNVHQ61HZ,QGLFDWRUVRI9XOQHUDELOLW\
DQG$GDSWLYH&DSDFLW\Technical ReportQrb,7\QGDOO&HQWUHIRU&OLPDWH&KDQJH5HVHDUFK
8QLYHUVLW\RI(DVW$QJOLD1RUZLFK
%HWVLOO0%XONHOH\+/RRNLQJEDFNDQGWKLQNLQJDKHDG$GHFDGHRIFLWLHVDQGFOLPDWH
FKDQJHUHVHDUFKLocal EnvironmentYRObQrbSbɘ
%LUNPDQQ-&KDS0HDVXULQJYXOQHUDELOLW\WRSURPRWHGLVDVWHUUHVLOLHQWVRFLHWLHV
&RQFHSWXDOIUDPHZRUNVDQGGHILQLWLRQVIn%LUNPDQQ- HG Measuring Vulnerability to Natural
Hazards – Towards Disaster Resilient Societies+RQJ.RQJ1HZ<RUN8QLWHG1DWLRQV8QLYHUVLW\
3UHVVSbZZZHKVXQXHGXHOHDUQLQJSOXJLQILOHSKSPRGBGDWDFRQWHQW
&RQFHSWXDOBIUDPHZRUNVBDQGB'HILQLWLRQVSGI
&DUSHQWHU6:DONHU%$QGHULHV-0$EHO1)URPPHWDSKRUWRPHDVXUHPHQWUHVLOLHQFH
RIZKDWWRZKDW"EcosystemsYRObQrbSb
&DYLQ-6/HLSSHUW$+HOOXLQ--&OLPDWH&KDQJHDQGWKH5ROHRI&LWLHVLQ,QWHUQDWLRQDO
,QVWLWXWLRQVFifth Urban Research Symposium 2009: Cities and Climate Change. Responding to an Urgent
Agenda0DUVHLOOH:RUOG%DQN-XQHKWWSZZZXUVQHW
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 18
&XWWHU6/%DUQHV/%HUU\0%XUWRQ&(YDQV(7DWH(:HEE-$SODFHEDVHGPRGHO
IRUXQGHUVWDQGLQJFRPPXQLW\UHVLOLHQFHWRQDWXUDOGLVDVWHUVGlobal Environmental Change,YROb
Sbɘ
'H%UXLMQH0%RLQ$9DQ(HWHQ07KHULVHRIUHVLOLHQFHIn &RPIRUW/.%RLQ$
'HPFKDN& HGV Designing Resilience. Preparing for Extreme Events3LWWVEXUJK 8QLYHUVLW\RI
3LWWVEXUJK3UHVVSb
'«FDPSV+ GLU Événements climatiques extrêmes : réduire les vulnérabilités des systèmes
écologiques et sociaux. 5DSSRUWVXUODVFLHQFHHWODWHFKQRORJLH Qr3DULV$FDG«PLHGHV6FLHQFHV
GLWLRQV('36FLHQFHVMXLQS
'«FDPSV+/DYXOQ«UDELOLW«GHVV\VWªPHVVRFLR«FRORJLTXHVDX[«Y«QHPHQWVH[WU¬PHV
H[SRVLWLRQVHQVLELOLW«U«VLOLHQFHNatures Sciences Sociétés, YRObSb
'MDPHQW7UDQ*5HJKH]]D=LWW0 GLU Résiliences urbaines : Les villes face aux catastrophes
3DULV(GLWLRQV/H0DQXVFULW
'RYHUV65+DQGPHU-:8QFHUWDLQW\VXVWDLQDELOLW\DQGFKDQJHGlobal Environmental
ChangeYRObQrbSbɘ
)RONH&+DKQ72OVVRQ31RUEHUJ-$GDSWLYHJRYHUQDQFHRIVRFLDOHFRORJLFDOV\VWHPV
Annual Review ofEnvironment and ResourcesYRObSb
)RONH&&DUSHQWHU6(OPTYLVW7*XQGHUVRQ/+ROOLQJ&6:DONHU%%HQJWVVRQ-%HUNHV)
&ROGLQJ-'DQHOO.)DONHQPDUN0*RUGRQ/.DVSHUVRQ5.DXWVN\1.LQ]LJ$/HYLQ6
0DOHU.*0REHUJ)2KOVVRQ/2OVVRQ32VWURP(5HLG:5RFNVWURHP-6DYHQLMH+
6YHGLQ85HVLOLHQFHDQG6XVWDLQDEOH'HYHORSPHQW%XLOGLQJ$GDSWLYH&DSDFLW\LQD:RUOG
RI7UDQVIRUPDWLRQVScientific Background Paper on Resilience for the process of The World Summit on
Sustainable Development on behalf of The Environmental Advisory Council to the Swedish Government
6WRFNKROP(GLWD1RUVWHGWV7U\FNHUL$%$SULO,661;
*DOORSLQ*&/LQNDJHVEHWZHHQYXOQHUDELOLW\UHVLOLHQFHDQGDGDSWLYHFDSDFLW\Global
Environmental ChangeYRObSb
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 19
*LOEHUW&&RPPHQWJ«UHUOHVFULVHV"/HVSRXYRLUVSXEOLFVIDFH¢GHVULVTXHVSRO\PRUSKHV
Regards sur l'actualitémb/ WDWIDFHDX[ULVTXHVb}Qrb3DULV/D'RFXPHQWDWLRQIUDQ©DLVH
Sb
+HZLWW. HG ,QWHUSUHWDWLRQRI&DODPLW\IURPWKH9LHZSRLQWRI+XPDQ(FRORJ\/RQGRQ
$OOHQDQG8QZLQbS
+ROOLQJ&68QGHUVWDQGLQJWKHFRPSOH[LW\RIHFRQRPLFHFRORJLFDODQGVRFLDOV\VWHPV
Ecosystems,QrbSb
.OHLQ5-71LFKROOV5-7KRPDOOD)5HVLOLHQFHWR1DWXUDO+D]DUGV+RZ8VHIXOLVWKH
&RQFHSW"Environmental Hazards9RObQrbSb
/KRPH66HUUH''LDE\</DJDQLHU55«VLOLHQFHXUEDLQHHWU«VHDX[WHFKQLTXHVbXQH
DSSURFKHSDUOɛDQDO\VHVSDWLDOHSRXUXQH«YDOXDWLRQSRVVLEOHGHODU«VLOLHQFHXUEDLQHSéminaire
« Résilience urbaine »,(163DULVQRYHPEUHKWWSZZZJHRJUDSKLHHQVIU,0*ILOHUHVLOLHQFH
SUHVHQVSGI
0DQ\HQD6%7KHFRQFHSWRIUHVLOLHQFHUHYLVLWHGDisastersYRObQrb'HFHPEHU
Sb
0F%HDQ*HW$MLEDGH,&OLPDWHFKDQJHUHODWHGKD]DUGVDQGKXPDQVHWWOHPHQWVCurrent
Opinion in Environmental SustainabilityQrbSb
0LOOHU)2VEDKU+%R\G(7KRPDOOD)%KDUZDDQL6=LHUYRJHO*:DONHU%%LUNPDQQ-9DQ
GHU/HHXZ65RFNVWU¸P-+LQNHO-'RZQLQJ7&DUO)1HOVRQ'5HVLOLHQFHDQG
YXOQHUDELOW\FRPSOHPHQWDU\RUFRQIOLFWLQJFRQFHSWV"Ecology and SocietyYRObQrbDUWb
ZZZHFRORJ\DQGVRFLHW\RUJYROLVVDUW
3DWRQ'&RPPXQLW\5HVLOLHQFH,QWHJUDWLQJ,QGLYLGXDO&RPPXQLW\DQG6RFLHWDO
3HUVSHFWLYHIn*RZ.3DWRQ' HGV The Phoenix of Natural Disasters: Community Resilience1RYD
6FLHQFH3XEOLVKHUV,QF
3DWRQ'-RKQVWRQ''LVDVWHUVDQGFRPPXQLWLHVYXOQHUDELOLWLHVUHVLOLHQFHDQG
SUHSDUHGQHVVDisaster Prevention and Management,YRObQrbS
3DFWHDX&9XOQ«UDELOLW«VXUEDLQHVbOHFKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXHKWWSZZZJLVFOLPDWIU
VLWHVGHIDXOWILOHV&3BDUWLFOHB$$BMDQYSGI
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 20
3URYLWROR'/DYXOQ«UDELOLW«U«VLOLHQ©DLUHbXQFDGUHGɛDQDO\VHGHVV\VWªPHVIDFHDX[
ULVTXHVHWFDWDVWURSKHVInternational Scientific Conference on Technologies for Development/DXVDQQH
81(6&2&KDLU(3)/I«YULHU
4XHQDXOW%&KDSLWUH0RQGLDOLVDWLRQPXWDWLRQVXUEDLQHVHWYXOQ«UDELOLW«DX
FKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXHbTXHOOHVVWUDW«JLHVGHU«VLOLHQFHSRXUXQG«YHORSSHPHQWXUEDLQGXUDEOHb"
In$EGHOLOODK+DPGRXFK$'HSUHW0+7DQJX\& HGV Mondialisation et résilience des
territoires : Trajectoires, dynamiques d’acteurs et expériences locales4X«EHF3UHVVHVGHO 8QLYHUVLW«GX
4X«EHF&ROOHFWLRQ*«RJUDSKLHFRQWHPSRUDLQHS
5RVH$(FRQRPLFUHVLOLHQFHWRQDWXUDODQGPDQPDGHGLVDVWHUV0XOWLGLVFLSOLQDU\RULJLQV
DQGFRQWH[WXDOGLPHQVLRQVEnvironmental HazardsQrbSb
5XWWHU0,PSOLFDWLRQVRIUHVLOLHQFHFRQFHSWVIRUVFLHQWLILFXQGHUVWDQGLQJAnnals of New
York Academy of SciencesYROb
7LVVHURQ6La résilience4XHVDLVMH3DULV38)Hb«GLWLRQ
7XUQHU%/.DVSHUVRQ5(0DWVRQ3$0F&DUWK\--&RUHOO5:&KULVWHQVHQ/(FNOH\1
.DVSHUVRQ-;/XHUV$0DUWHOOR0/3ROVN\&3XOVLSKHU$6FKLOOHU$$)UDPHZRUN
IRU9XOQHUDELOLW\$QDO\VLVLQ6XVWDLQDELOLW\6FLHQFHProceedings from the National Academy of
ScienceYRObQrbSb
81+DELWDW/HVYLOOHVHWOHFKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXHb2ULHQWDWLRQVJ«Q«UDOHV5DSSRUW
0RQGLDOVXUOHV(WDEOLVVHPHQWV+XPDLQV9HUVLRQDEU«J«H(DUWKVFDQ/RQGRQ:DVKLQJWRQ
'&KWWSZZZXQKDELWDWRUJJUKV
9DOH-9&DPSDQHOOD7- HGV The Resilient City. How modern cities recover from disaster1HZ
<RUN2[IRUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
9LOODJU¢QGH/H´Q-&9XOQHUDELOLW\$PHWKRGRORJLFDODQGFRQFHSWXDOUHYLHZSource, Qrb
818(+6
:DONHU%+ROOLQJ&6&DUSHQWHU65.LQ]LJ$5HVLOLHQFHDGDSWDELOLW\DQG
WUDQVIRUPDELOLW\LQVRFLRHFRORJLFDOV\VWHPVEcology and SocietyYRObQrbDUWbKWWS
ZZZHFRORJ\DQGVRFLHW\RUJYROLVVDUW
:LVQHU%2ɛ.HHIH3:HVWJDWH.7DNLQJWKH1DWXUDOQHVVRXWRI1DWXUDO'LVDVWHUNature
9RObQbrSb
NOTES
1./HFKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXHG«VLJQHXQHYDULDWLRQVWDWLVWLTXHPHQWVLJQLILFDWLYHGHOɛ«WDWPR\HQ
GXFOLPDWRXGHVDYDULDELOLW«SHUVLVWDQWSHQGDQWGHORQJXHVS«ULRGHV J«Q«UDOHPHQWSHQGDQWGHV
G«FHQQLHVRXSOXV *,(&Sb 1RXVUHSUHQRQVLFLODG«ILQLWLRQGHOD&RQYHQWLRQ&DGUH
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 21
GHV 1DWLRQV XQLHV VXU OH FKDQJHPHQW FOLPDWLTXH &&18&& TXL IDLW OD GLVWLQFWLRQ HQWUH OH
mbFKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXHb}TXLSHXW¬WUHDWWULEX«DX[DFWLYLW«VKXPDLQHVDOW«UDQWODFRPSRVLWLRQ
GHOɛDWPRVSKªUHHWODmbYDULDELOLW«FOLPDWLTXHb}GXH¢GHVFDXVHVQDWXUHOOHV
2./H*,(& VɛDWWHQGHQHIIHW¢FHTXHOHFKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXHVHWUDGXLVHSDUWRXWHXQH
FKD°QHGɛLPSDFWVbXQU«FKDXIIHPHQWJ«Q«UDOXQHDXJPHQWDWLRQGHODIU«TXHQFHGHVUHGRX[
YDJXHVGHFKDOHXUHWGHVMRXUQ«HVHWGHVQXLWVFKDXGHVHWXQHU«GXFWLRQWUªVSUREDEOHGXQRPEUH
GHMRXUQ«HVHWGHQXLWVIURLGHVVXUODPDMRULW«GXJOREHbXQHDXJPHQWDWLRQGHVSU«FLSLWDWLRQV
GɛR» GHV ULVTXHV DFFUXV GɛLQRQGDWLRQV HQ FDV GH IRUWHV SOXLHV DX[ ODWLWXGHV «OHY«HV HW DX
FRQWUDLUHXQHGLPLQXWLRQVXUODSOXSDUWGHVWHUUHV«PHUJ«HVVXEWURSLFDOHV GɛR»XQHDULGLILFDWLRQ
GHV VROV HW GHV ULVTXHV GH V«FKHUHVVHV DFFUXV b XQH LQWHQVLILFDWLRQ GH O DFWLYLW« F\FORQLTXH
WURSLFDOHGDQVFHUWDLQHVSDUWLHVGXJOREHDFFRPSDJQ«GHFKDQJHPHQWVGDQVODFRQILJXUDWLRQGHV
YHQWVGHVSU«FLSLWDWLRQVHWGHVWHPS«UDWXUHVbHWHQILQXQHUHFUXGHVFHQFHGHV«Y«QHPHQWVGH
PRQW«HH[WU¬PHGHVHDX[GDQVFHUWDLQHVU«JLRQV *,(&S
3.6HORQOHUDSSRUW65(;UHODWLI¢Oɛ«YROXWLRQIXWXUHGHVSK«QRPªQHVFOLPDWLTXHVH[WU¬PHV via
GLII«UHQWVVF«QDULRVGɛ«PLVVLRQVHQUDLVRQGHOɛDXJPHQWDWLRQSURMHW«HGHIU«TXHQFHGHVMRXUQ«HV
FKDXGHVWRXWDXORQJGX;;,HVLªFOHXQHMRXUQ«HH[WU¬PHPHQWFKDXGHTXLVXUYHQDLWXQHIRLV
WRXVOHVDQVVHUHSURGXLUDWRXVOHVDQVGɛLFL¢ODILQGXVLªFOH VF«QDULRV$%HW$ *,(&
4. 0DOJU« OHV SURJUªV U«DOLV«V HQ PDWLªUH GH PRG«OLVDWLRQ FOLPDWLTXH GH QRPEUHXVHV
LQFHUWLWXGHV GRQW FHUWDLQHV QH SRXUURQW GɛDLOOHXUV MDPDLV ¬WUH OHY«HV HQWRXUHQW OHV LPSDFWV
U«JLRQDX[ORFDX[TXHOHFKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXHSRXUUDLWDYRLUGɛLFLODILQGXVLªFOH
5. /H WHUPH YLHQW GX ODWLQ mb resiliob} IDLUH XQ ERQG HQ DUULªUH FRQVWUXLW ¢ SDUWLU GX YHUEH
mbsalireb} VDXWHUERQGLU HWGXSU«IL[HmbUHb}TXLLQGLTXHODU«S«WLWLRQ
6. 3DUPL FHV ULVTXHV RQ SHXW QRWDPPHQW PHQWLRQQHU OD G«JUDGDWLRQ GH OD TXDOLW« GH OɛDLU
DXJPHQWDWLRQGHVSDUWLFXOHVHQVXVSHQVLRQHWGHVSROOHQV HWGHODTXDOLW«GHVHDX[ PRGLILFDWLRQ
GHOɛDFWLYLW«PLFURELHQQHG«ERUGHPHQWSURORQJ«GHU«VHDX[GHVHDX[XV«HVHQFDVGɛ«SLVRGHVGH
FKXWHVGɛHDXH[WU¬PHV ODIUDJLOLVDWLRQGHOɛKDELWDW PRXYHPHQWVGHU«WUDFWLRQGHVVROVDIIHFWDQW
OHV IRQGDWLRQV GX E¤WL HW GH VRQ FRQIRUW HIIHW mbFRFRWWHPLQXWHb} VHORQ OɛRULHQWDWLRQ HW
OɛHPSODFHPHQWGHVKDELWDWV ɣ
7. 8QH WUDMHFWRLUH GH G«YHORSSHPHQW XUEDLQ GXUDEOH GDQV XQ GRXEOH VRXFL Gɛ«TXLW« HW GH
VROLGDULW«WDQWLQWHUJ«Q«UDWLRQQHOOHTXɛLQWUDJ«Q«UDWLRQQHOOHGHYUDLWSHUPHWWUHGHU«SRQGUHDX[
HQMHX[«FRORJLTXHVJOREDX[ WHOVTXHOHFKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXHRXODU«GXFWLRQGHODELRGLYHUVLW«
TXLHQJDJHQWQRWUHUHVSRQVDELOLW«¢Oɛ«JDUGGHVJ«Q«UDWLRQVIXWXUHV FRPSWHWHQXGHVGRPPDJHV
SRWHQWLHOOHPHQWJUDYHVHWLUU«YHUVLEOHVTXɛLOVLQGXLVHQWHWTXLPHQDFHQWQRWUHS«UHQQLW«¢ORQJ
WHUPH WRXWHQU«SRQGDQWVLPXOWDQ«PHQW¢OɛDP«OLRUDWLRQGXELHQ¬WUH \FRPSULVOɛDP«OLRUDWLRQ
GHOHXUFDGUHGHYLH GHVJ«Q«UDWLRQVDFWXHOOHV«WDQWHQWHQGXTXHQRPEUHGHEHVRLQVHVVHQWLHOV
QHVRQWDFWXHOOHPHQWSDVVDWLVIDLWVQRWDPPHQWSRXUOHVSOXVG«PXQLVHQPLOLHXXUEDLQ
8./HVYLOOHVVRQWFRQVLG«U«HVFRPPHOɛXQGHVSULQFLSDX[UHVSRQVDEOHVGXFKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXH
FRPSWHWHQXGHOHXUV«PLVVLRQVGHJD]¢HIIHWGHVHUUH *(6 TXLUHSU«VHQWHUDLHQWSUªVGHb
GHV«PLVVLRQVPRQGLDOHV
9./DYXOQ«UDELOLW«IDFH¢XQDO«DHVWG«ILQLHLFLFRPPHODFRPELQDLVRQGɛXQHH[SRVLWLRQGɛXQH
VHQVLELOLW« HW GH FDSDFLW«V DGDSWDWLYHV GX V\VWªPH FRQVLG«U« 7RXW FRPPH OD U«VLOLHQFH OD
YXOQ«UDELOLW« SRVVªGH SOXVLHXUV GLPHQVLRQV SK\VLTXH VRFLDOH V\VW«PLTXHɣ 4XHQDXOW et al
10.ZZZUHVDOOLDQFHRUJ
11. “Resilience provides the capacity to absorb shocks while maintaining function. When change occurs,
resilience provides the components for renewal and reorganisationɞ )RONH etalSb
12.&HQ«RORJLVPHGHmb3DQDUFKLHb}HQRSSRVLWLRQ¢ODmbKL«UDUFKLHb}G«VLJQHOɛLQIOXHQFHGɛXQ
QLYHDXLQI«ULHXUHWGɛXQQLYHDXVXS«ULHXUVXUOHFRPSRUWHPHQWGɛXQV\VWªPHOHPRGªOHG«FULYDQW
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 22
DLQVL GHV V\VWªPHV KL«UDUFKLTXHV «YROXDQW YHUV XQH PXOWLSOLFLW« Gɛ«O«PHQWV UHOL«V HW
LQWHUFRQQHFW«VRIIUDQWDLQVLXQQRXYHDXV\VWªPH
13.&HGRFXPHQWSURGXLWSDUODmbResilience Allianceb}DX6RPPHWPRQGLDOSRXUOHG«YHORSSHPHQW
GXUDEOH GH -RKDQQHVEXUJ SRXU OH FRPSWH GX &RQVHLO &RQVXOWDWLI (QYLURQQHPHQWDO GX
JRXYHUQHPHQW6X«GRLV )RONHetal SDUWLFLSHGHOɛLQWHUSU«WDWLRQ«ODUJLHGHODU«VLOLHQFH,O
VHU«IªUHVLPXOWDQ«PHQW¢ODU«VLOLHQFHFRPPH«WDQWODIDFHRSSRV«HGHODYXOQ«UDELOLW«WRXWHQOD
IDLVDQWILJXUHUSDUPLODOLVWHGHVWURLV«O«PHQWVTXLODFRPSRVHQW¢F¶W«GHOɛH[SRVLWLRQHWGHOD
VHQVLELOLW«GXV\VWªPH¢OɛDO«D&HSHQGDQWOHOLHQHQWUHFDSDFLW«DGDSWDWLYHHWU«VLOLHQFHGHPHXUH
SHXFODLU,OVHPEOHTXHOHVDXWHXUVDLHQWXQUDLVRQQHPHQWFLUFXODLUHR»ODFDSDFLW«DGDSWDWLYH
VHUDLW OɛXQ GHV WURLV G«WHUPLQDQWV GH OD U«VLOLHQFH TXL HQ UHWRXU VHUDLW OɛXQ GHV WURLV
G«WHUPLQDQWVGHODYXOQ«UDELOLW« RXVDmbIDFHFDFK«Hb}
RÉSUMÉS
SDUWLUGɛXQHUHYXHGHODOLWW«UDWXUHDFDG«PLTXHFHWDUWLFOHRSªUHXQH[DPHQFULWLTXHGHOD
PRELOLVDWLRQGXFRQFHSWGHU«VLOLHQFHGDQVOHGRPDLQHGHOɛDGDSWDWLRQDXFKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXH
GDQVOHVV\VWªPHVXUEDLQV,OVɛLQWHUURJHWRXWGɛDERUGVXUOHVY«ULWDEOHVUDLVRQVGHOɛHQJRXHPHQW
DFWXHODXWRXUGHFHFRQFHSWVHSRVHHQVXLWHHQUXSWXUHDYHFODYLVLRQGRPLQDQWHGHODIDFH
RSSRV«HFRQVLG«UDQWOHFRXSOHYXOQ«UDELOLW«U«VLOLHQFHFRPPHOHUHYHUVGɛXQHP¬PHP«GDLOOHDX[
SRODULW«V LQYHUV«HV Q«JDWLYH YHUVXV SRVLWLYH HW GLVFXWH HQILQ OɛLG«H GH SOXV HQ SOXV
FRPPXQ«PHQWDGPLVHTXHODU«VLOLHQFHUHSU«VHQWHUDLWXQQRXYHDXSDUDGLJPHGHODJHVWLRQGHV
ULVTXHVHWGHODSODQLILFDWLRQXUEDLQHGXUDEOHHQOLHQDYHFOHFKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXH
7KURXJKDUHYLHZRIWKHDFDGHPLFOLWHUDWXUHWKLVSDSHUFULWLFDOO\H[DPLQHVWKHPRELOL]DWLRQRI
WKHFRQFHSWRIUHVLOLHQFHLQWKHILHOGRIWKHDGDSWDWLRQWRFOLPDWHFKDQJHLQXUEDQV\VWHPV,W
LQWHUURJDWHVILUVWO\WKHUHDOUHDVRQVRIWKHDFWXDOVXFFHVVIXOQHVVRIWKHFRQFHSWRIUHVLOLHQFHWKHQ
LWEUHDNVRIIZLWKWKHGRPLQDQWIOLSVLGHDSSURDFKRIYXOQHUDELOLW\DQGUHVLOLHQFHZKLFKERWKDUH
FRQVLGHUHGDVWKHUHYHUVHSRODULW\ QHJDWLYHYHUVXVSRVLWLYH RIWKHVDPHPHGDODQGILQDOO\LW
DUJXHVWKHLGHDPRUHDQGPRUHFRPPXQDOO\DGPLWWHGWKDWUHVLOLHQFHUHSUHVHQWVDQHZSDUDGLJP
RIERWKULVNVPDQDJHPHQWDQGXUEDQVXVWDLQDEOHSODQQLQJLQOLQNZLWKFOLPDWHFKDQJH
INDEX
Keywords : UHVLOLHQFHYXOQHUDELOLW\DGDSWDWLRQFOLPDWHFKDQJHXUEDQVXVWDLQDEOHGHYHORSPHQW
Mots-clés : U«VLOLHQFHYXOQ«UDELOLW«DGDSWDWLRQG«YHORSSHPHQWXUEDLQGXUDEOHFKDQJHPHQW
FOLPDWLTXH
AUTEUR
BÉATRICE QUENAULT
%«DWULFH4XHQDXOWEHDWULFHTXHQDXOW#XQLYUHQQHVIUHVW0D°WUHGHFRQI«UHQFHVHQ«FRQRPLH¢
Oɛ8QLYHUVLW«5HQQHVHWPHPEUHGH(62 805&156 (OOHDSXEOL«U«FHPPHQWb
4XHQDXOW%/DGLDOHFWLTXHYXOQ«UDELOLW«DGDSWDWLRQGHVYLOOHVDXFKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXH
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013
Retour critique sur la mobilisation du concept de résilience en lien avec l’... 23
FRPPHSRWHQWLHOGHVWUXFWHXUFU«DWHXUGDQVODIDEULTXHGɛXQG«YHORSSHPHQWXUEDLQGXUDEOHIn
)RUHVW-HW+DPGRXFK$ «G.), L’innovation face aux défis environnementaux de la ville contemporaine
¢SDUD°WUHFKH]3UHVVHV3RO\WHFKQLTXHV8QLYHUVLWDLUHV5RPDQGHV
4XHQDXOW%&KDSLWUH0RQGLDOLVDWLRQPXWDWLRQVXUEDLQHVHWYXOQ«UDELOLW«DX
FKDQJHPHQWFOLPDWLTXHbTXHOOHVVWUDW«JLHVGHU«VLOLHQFHSRXUXQG«YHORSSHPHQWXUEDLQGXUDEOH
"In+DPGRXFK$'HSUHW0+HW7DQJX\& «G Mondialisation et résilience des territoires :
Trajectoires, dynamiques d’acteurs et expériences locales.4X«EHF3UHVVHVGHO 8QLYHUVLW«GX4X«EHF
&ROOHFWLRQ*«RJUDSKLHFRQWHPSRUDLQHSbbS
4XHQDXOW%&KDQJHPHQWVFOLPDWLTXHVHWV«FXULW«KXPDLQHTXHOOHVVWUDW«JLHV
GɛDGDSWDWLRQHWGɛDWW«QXDWLRQSRXUOHVWDWVGX6XG"In %URW-*«UDUGLQ+HW/HORXS) «G
Acteurs publics et développement3DULV.KDUWDODSbbS
EchoGéo, 24 | 2013