Traitement Du Diabete Nouvelle Recommendation
Traitement Du Diabete Nouvelle Recommendation
11 Novembre 2022
Monastir
Testons nos connaissances…….
Prévalence du diabète dans le monde
(2017 et 2045)
Proportion d’hommes diabétiques
2017
Un 11 est diabétique
adulte sur
425 million de patients
2015 – 9.1%
2045 – 10.0%
48% 2045
2015 – 8.4%
increase 629 million de patients 2045 – 9.7%
seront diabétiques
The age group 65–79 years shows the highest diabetes prevalence in both women and men
International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 8th edn. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation, 2017.
Available at: http://www.diabetesatlas.org Accessed November 2018
Répartition du diabète de type 2 selon l’âge
Estimation de l’évolution
du diabète 27%
en Tunisie chez les plus de 25 ans
2027
15%
13%
Saidi et Al. Forecasting Tunisian type 2 diabetes prevalence to 2027: validation of a simple model. BMC Public Health (2015) 15:104
Van Dieren et al. The global burden of diabetes and its complications: an emerging pandemic. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation 2010, Vol 17 (Suppl 1)
En Tunisie..
Cette prévalence du diabète ne cesse d’augmenter au fil des ans
Incrétines
2
Inhibiteurs SGLT2
Nouvelles insulines
3 La surveillance glycémiques
Nouveautés thérapeutiques dans le diabète de
sujet âgé
Incrétines
2
Inhibiteurs SGLT2
Nouvelles insulines
3 La surveillance glycémiques
UKPDS: Les bénéfices d’un bon contrôle glycémique
Infarctus du
Un bon contrôle
myocarde
glycémique
Hb1Ac ≤ 7%
Complications
microvasculaires
Décès lié au
diabète
Positive legacy effect of earlier glucose
control
Provides long-term reductions in both microvascular
and macrovascular complications
RRR* at end of UKPDS
RRR* at end F/U (median 8.5 years)
Microvascular
disease RRR: relative risk reduction of intensive therapy
over conventional therapy
Évolution de la maladie
Complications
microvasculaires
Complications
macrovasculaires
↓ réduit les complications ; = aucune modification importante des complications ; ↑ augmentation du risque de complications)
1. UKPDS Group. Lancet 1998;352:837. 2. ADVANCE Collaborative Group. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2560.
3. ACCORD Study Group. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2545. 4. Duckworth W et al. N Engl J Med 2009;360:129.
Facteurs favorisants les hypoglycémies
• Age avancé
• Insulinothérapie
• Insuffisance rénale
• Déficit cognitif
• Réduction de la perception des hypoglycémies
• Erreurs diététiques : repas sauté 1 fois sur 2
• Niveau de contrôle glycémique
Nouveaux objectifs thérapeutiques:
Nouvelles approches
patient
Organoprotection
1. patient très âgé ou en fin de vie, relevant d’une insulinothérapie de confort <8,5%
2. patient âgé polypathologique: il s’agit souvent d’un patient plus ou moins dénutri, peu ou
pas autonome, à risque iatrogène élevé. L’objectif glycémique sera revu à la hausse (HbA1c <
8 %). On choisira souvent de s’abstenir de tout traitement antidiabétique oral et en cas de
nécessité, l’insulinothérapie sera préférée.
3. patient âgé ayant « bien vieilli », sans pathologie sévère ou invalidante associée, pour lequel
il paraît logique d’extrapoler les résultats des études d’intervention menées chez des sujets
Evaluation
gérontologique Facteurs
sociaux
Hypoglycémie
Le challenge de la baisse de l’HbA1c
Équilibre glycémique
HbA1c
Hypoglycémie
Que peut-on lui De nouveaux traitements
pour le diabète de type 2
proposer ?
The unmet needs in diabetes
Les besoins non satisfaits dans le diabète
Progression du diabete et de l’obésité
Incrétines
2
Inhibiteurs SGLT2
Nouvelles insulines
3 La surveillance glycémiques
Les Nouveaux anti diabétiques ?
36
ADA 2021-2022
Les modifications
La notion de
Prise en compte du mode de vie
complications pré
du risque et la metformine
existantes rénales et Prise en restent en
CV influencent la PEC d’hypoglycémie
de l’HbA1c ou de la fragilité compte du première ligne
iNDEPENDAMENT poids
du patient
Définition des incrétines
« Gut derived factors that increase
glucose-stimulated insulin secretion »
IN. CRE. TIN.
Intestine Secretion Insulin
GIP GLP-1
t½ = 1 à 2 min
Foie :
Glucagon diminuant
Cellules bêta : la production hépatique de
augmentation de glucose 2
la sécrétion d’insuline
Estomac : Ralentissement
glucose-dépendante 4
de la vidange gastrique 3
Agonistes
des récepteurs
au GLP-1
(injection sous-cutanée)
41
Adapté de Deacon CF, et al. Diabetes. Sep 1995;44(9):1126-1131.
Inhibiteurs DPP-4
Nom de Nom de Laboratoire Dosage recommandé
substance spécialité
– 0.79 % (100mg)
p≤0.001 vs. placebo Glycémie PP
S+M S+M
-0.5
-0.54 -0.56
-0.60
-0.66 -0.64
-0.69
-0.80
-0.83
-1 363 970
n = 194 442 152 398 19 66
Mean baseline HbA1c (%) 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.0
Pre-specified sub-group analysis on pooled data from four pivotal phase III randomized
placebo-controlled trials: treatment in monotherapy, add-on to metformin, add-on to
metformin + SU, initial combination with pioglitazone. p-values for between-group
Placebo
difference (versus placebo) Trajenta®
Source: Patel 2011 EASD Poster P-832 Trajenta® placebo-corrected
Linagliptine- compared to glimepiride – incidence of
®
0
Glimepiride Trajenta®
Trajenta® brings patients to target (HbA1c <7%) with significantly less
hypoglycemia and relative weight loss compared to glimepiride
1 Treated Set: Trajenta® n=776, glimepiride n=775
2 Completers cohort: Trajenta® n=233, glimepiride n=271
3 Model includes baseline HbA1c, baseline weight, no. prior OADs, treatment, week repeated within patients and week by treatment interaction
Source: Gallwitz et al. American Diabetes Association, 71th Scientific Sessions, San Diego, CA, June 24-28, 2011; 39-LB
Linagliptine ® was not associated with an increased
CV risk
In a prospective, pre-specified meta-analysis,
Incidence rate of CV events1 :CV death; non-fatal
myocardial infarction; non-fatal stroke; or
hospitalization for unstable angina
Risk ratio
0.34
95% CI
(0.15/0.74)
p<0.05
Out of Out of
3,319 patients 1,920 patients
= 0.3% = 1.2%
Linagliptin Comparator2
1. CV events as defined as primary endpoint; 2. 977 patients receiving placebo, 781 glimepiride, 162 voglibose
Johansen OE, et al. Cardiovasc Diabetol . 2012; 11:epub
Johansen O - E . , et al. ADA 2011 Late breaker 30-LB 31
Linagliptine ® compared to glimepiride – similar
mean change in HbA1c from baseline
HbA1c change over 2 years
Mean over time ± SEM, percent
Mean (± SEM) HbA1c (Percent)
8.0
Linagliptin Glimepiride
7. 5
- 0. 4
7. 0
- 0. 5
6. 5
6.0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105
1. Organ-specific adverse events taken from label of currently marketed DPP-4 inhibitor in the US; * Linagliptin US PI
Schernthaner G., et al. ADA 2011 Abstract 2327-PO. Pooled data from 8 studies
Linagliptine has a unique trial design
Trial initiation Oct 2010 Nov 2008 May 2010 Sept 2009
jugement primaire
Background diabetes therapy per protocol Predominantly on
metformin Any Any Any
Expected diabetes focus stage Early Advanced Advanced All, but limited to CV
events
PRIMARY ENDPOINTS:
1,2,4 CV death, non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke, hospitalization due to unstable angina pectoris
3 Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (CV death, non-fatal MI, non-fatal stroke)
0,1 1 10 100
HR (IC gr)
Patients with an
5
p=0.02 for
Patients with an
superiority
Liraglutide 1 Place
1
event (%)
0
0 b
o
event (%)
HR 0.87 5
5 Semaglutid
(95% CI 0.78 ; HR 0.74 e
0.97) (95% CI 0.58 ; 0.95)
0 0
0 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104
0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 4 5
8 4 Time since randomisation (weeks)
Time from randomisation
(months)
LEADER is a post- SUSTAIN 6 is a pre-approval
approval CVOT CVOT with 254 primary events
with 1302 primary
• events
CI, confidence interval; CV, cardiovascular; CVOT, cardiovascular outcomes trial; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; HR, hazard
ratio; MI, myocardial infarction
1. Marso SP et al. N Engl J Med 2016;375:311–322; 2. Marso SP et al. N Engl J Med
2016;375:1834–18
Programme LEAD (4456 patients inclus)
LEAD 5 :
Liraglutide + Met + sulf vs met + sulf + glargine
vs met + sulf + placebo
placebo
liraglutide glargine
1.8 mg
Mais efficacité plus faible que
la glargine sur la glycémie à jeun
ESC 2019
LEAD 5 :
Liraglutide + Met + sulf vs met + sulf + glargine
vs met + sulf + placebo
Incrétines
2
Inhibiteurs SGLT2
Nouvelles insulines
3 La surveillance glycémiques
Le rein : rôle clé dans l’homéostasie
glucidique
▪ Néoglucogenèse rénale :
20 %production de glucose
▪ Filtration rénale de glucose :
180 g/j de filtration glomérulaire
▪réabsorption rénale de glucose :
o[GLU] <180-200 mg/dl : la totalité
du glucose filtré est réabsorbé
o[GLU] ~200-250 mg/dl : l’excès de
glucose est excrété dans les urines
oLa réabsorption est assuré par des
cotransporteurs sodium-glucose
(SGLT1et SGLT2)
SGLT2 dans le diabète de type 2 :
Inhibition du SGLT2:
▪ déviation de la Tmax vers la gauche favorisant
l’élimination de l’excès de glucose
La réabsorption continue du glucose perpétue le
cycle de glucotoxicité chez les patients atteints de
diabète de type 2
↓ Utilisation Reabsorption
périphérique du du glucose filtré
glucose via SGLT2
Type 2
Diabetes:
Hyperglycemie
Chronique
SGLT2
Majority of glucose is
reabsorbed by SGLT2 a Key target
(90%)
Proximal tubule
SGLT2
Remaining
Glucose
glucose is
reabsorbed by
SGLT1 (10%)
Glucose
filtration
Excess Glucose
SGLT, sodium-glucose co-transporter.
1. Wright EM. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2001;280:F10–18; 2. Lee YJ, et al. Kidney Int Suppl 2007;106:S27–35; is eliminated out
3. Hummel CS, et al. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011;300:C14–21.
Mécanisme d’action des inhibiteurs SGLT2
Tubule collecteur
Glomérule
Filtration du
glucose SGLT1
SGLT2
X S3
Réabsorption du glucose
Anse de
Henle
Glycosurie
Inhibition par
iSGLT2 Pas de glycosurie
Reduction 70 -119g/jour =
A1c & poids 280-476calories/jour
SGLT=Sodium/GLucose co-Transporter; GLUT=GLUcose Transporter.
Abdul-Ghani MA, DeFronzo, RA. Endocr Pract. 2008;14(6):782-790. Bays H. Curr Med Res Opin. 2009;25(3):671-681
.Monographie d’INVOKANA. Janssen Inc., novembre 2014.
Monographie de FORXIGA, AstraZeneca, décembre 2014.
ISGLT2
Circulation 2016
EFFETS des INHIBITEURS du SGLT2 sur l’A1c
L’A1C diminue de 0.6 à 1.1% (0.5 à 1.2% par rapport au placebo)
Monothérapie + Metformine + SU + Met + SU +Met + Pio + Insuline
0
Changement du poids
-1
-2
-3
-4
Canagliflozine 300 mg Dapagliflozine 10 Empagliflozine 25 mg/j Placebo
OBJECTIVE
Placebo
On top of
Empagliflozin 10 mg standard of
Randomisation care
Empagliflozin 25 mg
Target: ≥691 CV events
EMPA-REG OUTCOME® trial design
Placebo (n=2333)
2-week Randomised
Screening
placebo and treated Empagliflozin 10 mg (n=2345)
(N=11,531)
run-in (n=7020) Pooled
Empagliflozin 25 mg (n=2342)
Median study drug exposure: 2.6 years
Median observation time: 3.1 years
Any additional treatment considered necessary for the patient's
welfare may be given at the discretion of the investigator
The trial recruited adult patients with T2D and established CV disease
*Stable background therapy for ≥12 weeks before randomisation: for insulin, dose was to remain unchanged by >10% from the dose received
12 weeks before randomisation; for drug-naïve: HbA1c ≥7% and ≤9%
BMI, body mass index; CV, cardiovascular; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin;
MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; MI, myocardial infarction; T2D, type 2 diabetes
Zinman B et al. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2117
17
Prespecified primary endpoint and
key secondary endpoint
PRIMARY ENDPOINT: Time to first occurrence of:
3P-MACE CV death Non-fatal MI Non-fatal stroke
KEY SECONDARY
ENDPOINT: Time to first occurrence of:
4P-MACE 3P-MACE + Hospitalisation for unstable angina
OTHER
PRESPECIFIED • Components of 3P-MACE • All-cause mortality
ENDPOINTS • Hospitalisation for HF • Incident or worsening nephropathy
Data are mean (SD) unless indicated otherwise. Data are from patients treated with ≥1 dose of study drug
*Placebo, n=2309; empagliflozin 10 mg, n=2317; empagliflozin 25 mg, n=2306; †Placebo, n=2309; empagliflozin 10 mg, n=2318;
empagliflozin 25 mg, n=2308; ‡Empagliflozin 25 mg, n=2340. Abbreviations are defined in the notes
Zinman B et al. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2117 (supplementary appendix)
22
Baseline characteristics: CV disease
Data are n (%). Data are from patients treated with ≥1 dose of study drug
*Information was not available for one patient in the placebo group; †Based on narrow standardised MedDRA query ‘cardiac failure’.
CV, cardiovascular; MI, myocardial infarction
Zinman B et al. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2117 (supplementary appendix)
23
Baseline characteristics: diabetes medications
Data are from patients treated with ≥1 dose of study drug. *Standard of care included glucose-lowering agents given at the discretion of physicians;
†Medication taken alone or in combination; ‡Placebo, n=2315; empagliflozin 10 mg, n=2335; empagliflozin 25 mg, n=2328
DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1
Zinman B et al. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2117 (supplementary appendix)
24
Baseline characteristics: CV medication (1/2)
Data are n (%). Data are from patients treated with ≥1 dose of study drug
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CV, cardiovascular
Zinman B et al. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2117 (supplementary appendix)
25
Baseline characteristics: CV medication (2/2)
Data are n (%). Data are from patients treated with ≥1 dose of study drug
CV, cardiovascular
Zinman B et al. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2117 (supplementary appendix)
26
Primary outcome 3P-MACE: time to first occurrence of
CV death, non-fatal MI or non-fatal stroke
Empagliflozin demonstrated a 14% relative risk reduction in 3P-MACE on
top of standard of care
Placebo Empagliflozin
No. at risk
Months
Placebo 2333 2256 2194 2112 1875 1380 1161 741 166
Empagliflozin 4687 4580 4455 4328 3851 2821 2359 1534 370
RRR for 3P-MACE: 14%; ARR for 3P-MACE: 1.6%. Absolute rates 10.5% (empagliflozin) vs 12.1% (placebo). Cumulative incidence function
3P-MACE, 3-point major adverse cardiovascular events; ARR, absolute risk reduction; CV, cardiovascular; MI, myocardial infarction;
RRR, relative risk reduction
Zinman B et al. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2117; Zinman B. EASD 2015; oral presentation
29
CV death: onset of effect
HR 0.62
38%
Patients with event (%)
(95% CI 0.49, 0.77)
p<0.0001*
RRR
Post hoc analyses. The 38% RRR in CV death was achieved in the overall EMPA-REG OUTCOME® population for the duration of the trial
Cox regression analysis for HR and 95% CI values in patients treated with ≥1 dose of study drug
*Nominal p-value. CV, cardiovascular; RRR, relative risk reduction
1. Zinman B et al. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2117; 2. Fitchett D et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;71:364
32
Hospitalisation for heart failure (2/2)
Reduced risk of HHF occurred early and was sustained throughout the trial1,2
Placebo Empagliflozin
Months
No. at risk
Placebo (n) 2333 2271 2226 2173 1932 1424 1202 775 168
Empagliflozin (n) 4687 4614 4523 4427 3988 2950 2487 1634 395
RRR for HHF is 35%; rates of HHF: 2.7% (empagliflozin) vs 4.1% (placebo); ARR for HHF is 1.4%
*Nominal p-value. Cumulative incidence function
ARR, absolute risk reduction; HHF, hospitalisation for heart failure; RRR, relative risk reduction
1. Zinman B et al. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2117; 2. Fitchett D et al. Eur Heart J 2018;39:363
36
All-cause mortality
RRR for all-cause mortality: 32%; rates of all-cause mortality: 5.7% (empagliflozin) vs 8.3% (placebo); ARR for all-cause mortality: 2.6%
*Nominal p-value. Kaplan–Meier estimate
ARR, absolute risk reduction; RRR, relative risk reduction
Zinman B et al. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2117
40
New onset or worsening nephropathy
39%
RRR
Kaplan-Meier estimate. Patients treated with at least one dose of study drug. Hazard ratios are based on Cox regression
3P-MACE, 3-point major adverse cardiovascular events; CV, cardiovascular; HHF, hospitalisation for heart failure;
T2D, type 2 diabetes
Zinman B et al. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2117; Zinman B. EASD 2015; oral presentation
43
Mean adjusted BP parameters
Placebo Empagliflozin 10 mg Empagliflozin 25 mg
135
75
133
75 67
74
73 65
0 16 28 40 52 66 80 94 108 122 136 150 164 178 192 206 0 28 52 80 108 136 164 192
Week Week
Placebo (n) 2322 2235 2203 2161 2133 2073 2024 1974 1771 1492 1274 1126 981 735 450 171
Placebo (n) 2174 2127 2032 1928 1796 1300 1002 552
Empagliflozin 10 mg (n) 2322 2250 2235 2193 2174 2125 2095 2072 1853 1556 1327 1189 1034 790 518 199 Empagliflozin 10 mg (n) 2205 2137 2064 2006 1877 1366 1045 597
Empagliflozin 25 mg (n) 2323 2247 2221 2197 2169 2129 2102 2066 1878 1571 1351 1212 1070 842 528 216 Empagliflozin 25 mg (n) 2192 2127 2066 2006 1907 1383 1086 633
All patients (including those who discontinued study drug or initiated new therapies) were included in this
mixed model repeated measures analysis (intention to treat)
X-axes: time points with reasonable amount of data available for prescheduled measurements
BP, blood pressure; ECG, electrocardiogram; SE, standard error
Zinman B et al. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2117
47
EMPA-REG OUTCOME® was the first CVOT so show cardiorenal protection
with an antidiabetic agent — raising new possibilities in the management of T2D
8 HR 0.62 HR 0.65
95% CI 0.49–0.77 95% CI 0.50–0.85
Placebo
6 6
38%* 35%* Placebo
4 *P<0.05
*P<0.05 4 *P<0.05
Empagliflozin
2 2 Empagliflozin
0 0
0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42
Months Months
*New or worsening nephropathy, a composite of: progression to macroalbuminuria, doubling of serum creatinine, initiation of RR T, or renal death †≥40% decline in eGFR,
3P-MACE, 3-point major adverse CV event; CV, cardiovascular; CVOT, CV outcomes trial; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate ; HHF, hospitalisation for heart failure
1. Zinman et al. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2117–28. 2. Wanner et al. N Engl J Med 2016;375:323–4.
EMPagliflozin compaRative
effectIveness and SafEty
(EMPRISE)
EMPRISE background
Additional analyses indicated that these effects were consistent across the
CV risk continuum within the EMPA-REG OUTCOME® population2,3
CAD, coronary artery disease; CV, cardiovascular; HHF, hospitalisation for heart failure; T2D, type 2 diabetes
1. ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT03363464 (accessed Jul 2018); 2. Fitchett D et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018;71:364;
3. Fitchett D et al. ADA 2018; poster 1123-P; 4. Iannazzo S et al. Farmeconomia: Health Economics and Therapeutic Pathways 2017;18:43 60
Rationale
Research initiated and currently led by Professors Elisabetta Patorno and Sebastian Schneeweiss from the
Division of Pharmacoepidemiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
Built upon an academic collaboration between Brigham and Women's Hospital and Boehringer Ingelheim
DPP-4i, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor; T2D, type 2 diabetes
Boehringer Ingelheim. Data on file, 2017 62
Largest possible combination of databases in the US
63
Eligibility criteria
Data are n (%) unless otherwise stated; *CVD defined as history of MI, unstable angina, coronary atherosclerosis and other forms of chronic ischemic heart disease,
coronary procedure, HF, ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, TIA, PAD or surgery, lower extremity amputation;
CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DPP-4i, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; MI, myocardial infarction, HF, heart failure; TIA, transient
ischaemic attack; Patorno E et al. AHA 2018; poster 1112; *Data on file 68
Baseline characteristics for EMPRISE
DPP-4i Empagliflozin Standardised
(n=17,539) (n=17,539) differences
Antihypertensive therapy
Data are all n (%). ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; GLP-1 RA, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist 69
Patorno E et al. AHA 2018; poster 1112; *Data on file
EMPRISE will provide a comprehensive picture of
empagliflozin in routine clinical practice
Outcomes included cover:
Healthcare resource
Effectiveness1 Safety1
utilisation and costs2
PS matching
p<0.0001
0.03 44%
RRR
0.02
0.01
0
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Months
1:1 propensity score matched cohorts
*Broad HHF definition data shown, with HHF defined as a discharge diagnosis of heart failure in any position (positive predictive value = 79–96%)
DPP-4i, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; HHF, hospitalisation for heart failure
Patorno E et al. Circulation 2019; doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.039177 76
EMPA
Empagliflozin was associated with a reduced risk of HHF* vs
SITA
in routine clinical practice compared with sitagliptin
0.05
HR 0.51 Sitagliptin Empagliflozin
(95% CI 0.39, 0.68)
0.04 p<0.0001
Cumulative incidence
0.03 49%
RRR
0.02
0.01
0
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24
Months
1:1 propensity score matched cohorts
*Broad HHF definition data shown, with HHF defined as a discharge diagnosis of heart failure in any position (positive predictive value = 79–96%)
HHF, hospitalisation for heart failure
Patorno E et al. Circulation 2019; doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.039177 80
11
Analyse statistique univariée pour explorer les
mécanismes potentiels des bienfaits de l’empagliflozine
sur la mortalité CV
Changements vs au
départ
Méta-analyse des études sur les effets CV des iSGLT-2 :
ÉCVM selon la présence d’une MCV athérosclérotique
Effets attribués Effets attribués
au traitement/ au placebo/
ÉCVM 1000 années-patients 1000 années-patients RRI (IC à 95 %)
MCV athérosclérotique :
EMPA-REG
7020 152 6,3 11,5 0,54 (-0,40, 0,75)
OUTCOME
Programme
10 142 249 5,5 9,0 0,60 (0,47, 0,77)
CANVAS
Modèle à effetsfixes
0,55 (0,48, 0,64)
(p < 0,0001)
128
1ere étape:
Evaluer le statut
cardio
vasculaire Et
rénal
ADA
ADA 2021
très
haut
RCV
Inh Analog
SGLT2 GLP1
Intérêt et limites des inhibiteurs du SGLT2
Intérêt
▪ Diminution de l’HbA1c d’environ 0,5% à 0,8% Pas
d’hypoglycémie
▪ Effet favorable sur le poids pouvant aller jusqu’à 3 kg Baisse de la
PA
▪ Association possible aux autres ADO et à l’insuline Possibilité
de l’associer à tous les autres traitements Durabilité de l’effet
▪ Seule limite à l’efficacité : la fonction rénale
▪ Association possible au DPP4 permettant de normaliser l’élévation du
glucagon induit par les SGLT2
Limites
Bonne tolérance mais mycoses génitales notamment chez la femme
Incrétines
2
Inhibiteurs SGLT2
Nouvelles insulines
3 La surveillance glycémiques
Early steps First insulins N PH, premix era The Insulin glargine
Recombinant insulins era
Insulin analogs
2015
Sanofi
U300 Glargine
(Toujeo)
approved
Par rapport
au bras Lira
2 fois moins
de nausées et
vomissements
Lentes
Ultra
lentes
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Nouveautés thérapeutiques dans le diabète de
sujet âgé
Incrétines
2
Inhibiteurs SGLT2
Nouvelles insulines
3 La surveillance glycémiques
Mesure continue de la glycémie CGM
(continuous glucose monitoring)
141
Lecteurs de la glycémie en continu
et temps dans la cible : des
nouvelles recommandations
▪ passer moins de 1
heure par jour (4 %
du temps) en
hypoglycémie (glycémi
e inférieure à 4
mmol/L);
▪ passer moins de 6
heures par jour (25 %
du temps) en
hyperglycémie (glycémi
e supérieure à 10
mmol/L). 142
Diabetic Medicine, Volume: 38, Issue: 1, First published: 19 October 2020, DOI: (10.1111/dme.14433)
La mesure continue du glucose
Freestyle Dexcom,5 et 6
Libre
→ Améliorqtion HbA1c
→ Moins de temps passé en hypo
→ Moins d’hypos sévères
→ Moins de fractures? (p=0,08)
Ruedy K. J et al. , J Diabetes Sci; Technol, 2017, 11(6); 1138. Pratley E.R et al. JAMA 2020, 323(23); 2397.
Take home
message
Approche centrée sur
L’objectif le
HbA1c fixé en fonction
patient des caractéristiques du patient
HbA1c 6% 7% 8%
• Objectifs personnalisés
rénale
En conclusion
Les prévisions sont difficiles surtout