- an effective pressure [ P_,] P Case 1: For two stroke of ie. IC Engine. Pos dxs KNéw Here, 8 = Area off indicated diagram | m’ | b = bane of indicated diagram { m } * = spring commant{ KN /m*/m } oe > Case I: For four stroke of IC Engine. | =u (MU-New Syllabus w.e.f academic year 2021-22) (M5-62)+ | Where, a_, = [Area of indicator diagram — Area of Pumping losses}, ae = 8 ] {a,-a,] N PL = ee, as Unit Conversion pf kN 1 KN > PR = = xe a xe x " akNin” P, = KN/m’ ® Unit: lbar = 10° Nin ‘S' is defined as the spring constant and its force per unit arca is required to compress the spring oS = Nimim \t® Note : Mean effective pressure should be N/m’normal Engineering (MU-Sem.5-Mech,) (Engine Testing and Fentormance)..age no.. (16-18) Brake thermal Efficiency [ Norske] > Case 1: For two stroke of ie. IC. ‘Engine. > Case 1: For four stroke of IC Engine. P= Ee Where, a= [Are of indicator diagram — Area of pumping loses] et ay, Lara] oP = xs AN Indicated power [ IP ] KP,xXLXAxn = oox 1000 *KW Where, K = Number of cylinder, » .P ‘Py = Mean effective pressure [Nim?] ; L = Stroke length [ m] ;A= Area [m}; N = Speed [pm] fn =N (For2—stoke] ; Wt foed—Senke] Unit Conversion : N mx Nem _K-Nam PR = + secx 10? ee S. a we IP=kW 3. Brake Power [BP] Brake power indicates the useful power available at the engine output shaft. 2nNT Denoted by BP. BP = ZS oqq) KW Here, T = Torque =N-m T= (W-s)xR z+ Netload = (W-s)=N Radius = R=m; Speed = N=mpm BMEPis calculated by measure of BP (Brake power) Kp, LAN 60x 1000 BP 4, Friction power [FP] FP = IP-BP kW 5. Mechanical efficiency [ Mmecn ] BP Ip-FP Mya = BEX 100, OF Nagy =P ™ Unit conversions 3600xBP m, xCV 100 _ kW kW_ kW Male = i a be} br Cy 7. Indicated thermal Efficiency [Minaates ] Unit conversions 8. Specific Fuel consumption [ SFC ] SFC = 9. Air-Fuel Ratio [ A/F ] 3600 1P Masset = jm, xv * 100 -— ew kw Mote = i nr yg hr KW _ 3600: K Jisee KI Kise Fe __ke_ BP ~The kW Baz 7, F 10. Thermal Efficiency [ nw, ] Ta ‘Actual work done Heat supplied 11, Air Standard Efficiency [ Nair] Tae ‘Where, Y 1 (eee (ey compression ratio Adiabatic index [1.4] 12. Relative Efficiency [ nae] Maa = ‘Thermal Efficiency ‘Air standard Efficinesy 13. Volumetric Efficiency [ Ny] Tha = Actual vol. flow rate Theoretical vol flow rate ‘Theoretical volume flow rate, ‘ TEL tents f Actual volume flow rate, v,= yx A X28 GD Where: 0 (AH), Py ‘Swept volume, m Number of stroke /min. Density of air kg/m? Pressure drop14, Heat Balance Sheet [ HBS ] on K/min Basis > Stepi: Heat Supplied to Engine > Step: Heat Uitized, A) Heat converted into mechanical work (IP or BP) pp = LW=s}-20n_ ° ‘x 1000 KW # Unit :Q,=BP = kW =1e5ce «Peg Bd K-P,- LAN oR i = tan ‘x 1000 KW unt: Pe kWe Woesisee. <60= SE B) Heat carried away by cooling water, Q, TX Cpe Tag —Tal sm, X 4.187 [Tyg — Ty] 9 unit hay km ©) Heat carried away by exhaust gases, Q& = mXxCy [To-Tal Pi une: Bx ye x Where, M, = Mass of exhaust gases product, Cy_ = Specific heat of exhaust gases = 1.005 Klee. K Try = Exhaust gas temperature outlet ; ‘Ty = Exhaust gas temperature inlet ; 7, = Atmospheric temperature “Methods of calculating of m, (Mass of dry gas) > CaseT: When mass airs given. ! m= tm: Where: m, = Massof ir; m, = Mass of fuel ke/min > Case II: When A/F ratio is given. m= m+ : a) Note : If m,is not given direcly, use AF ratio to calculate m, A om = Pxmy A quan (Dtecomes, = m= [Sxm,] +m > Case TT: When mass of steam is given Given, m, = Mass of fuel kp/in; AF = Airfuelratio; m,=mass of seam SM gley = Cm Team Where, (My ]y Coy +m lm= [ Fm, | s Lal, =U )q, Qe =Lm},,xGplTo—Tyl D) Heat carried away by steam: 2 Qe = MLB Hg IX Lyf] -% [4 = nin Leg E) _Unaccounted Heat losses : Qq. = Heat supplied (Q)-1Q+Q5-+Qe# Qo]