I bo‘lim bo‘yicha nazorat topshiriqlari

“Chiziqli algebra, analitik geometriya va matritsaviy analiz

elementlari”
1-MASALA
 determinantni ai 3 va a 2 j elementlarining algebraik to’ldiruvchilarini
toping.  determinantni a) i -satr elementlari bo’yicha yoyib; b) j -ustun
elementlari bo’yicha yoyib; v) j -ustunda nollar hosil qilib hisoblang.

1 1 4 1 1 2 3 4
2 1 3 0 2 2 3 4
1.1. i = 1, j = 2. 1.2. i = 2, j = 3.
3 1 2 1 3 3 3 4
4 1 1 0 4 4 4 4

2 −1 1 2 1 2 3 4
0 1 2 −1 −2 1 −4 3
1.3. i = 3, j = 4. 1.4. i = 4, j = 1.
3 −1 3 3 3 −4 −1 2
3 1 4 1 4 3 −2 −1

2 4 −1 2 2 1 1 1
1 2 −1 1 1 2 1 0
1.5. i = 1, j = 3. 1.6. i = 2, j = 4.
2 5 1 4 1 1 2 1
1 2 0 3 1 0 1 2

3 1 0 1 1 2 0 4
1 3 1 0 2 3 4 0
1.7. i = 1, j = 4. 1.8. i = 2, j = 2.
0 1 3 1 0 4 1 2
1 0 1 3 4 0 2 3

1 1 0 1 1 2 3 4
1 2 3 0 2 2 3 4
1.9. i = 2, j = 1. 1.10. i = 3, j = 1.
1 4 9 16 3 3 3 4
1 0 27 0 4 4 4 4

118
 1 2 4 3 0 1 2 3
2 0 3 0 1 1 2 0
1.11. i = 2, j = 3. 1.12. i = 2, j = 4.
3 1 2 1 2 2 0 4
4 0 1 0 3 0 4 4

1 −1 2 0 0 1 2 3
0 2 1 −1 −1 0 −3 2
1.13. i = 3, j = 1. 1.14. i = 3, j = 2.
3 −1 0 3 2 −3 0 1
3 0 4 1 3 2 −1 0

2 4 −1 2 0 1 2 1
0 2 −1 0 1 0 1 2
1.15. i = 3, j = 2. 1.16. i = 2, j = 4.
2 5 0 4 2 1 0 1
0 2 0 3 1 2 1 0

2 1 0 1 1 0 1 4
0 2 1 0 0 3 4 0
1.17. i = 4, j = 2. 1.18. i = 4, j = 3.
1 0 2 1 1 4 0 2
1 1 0 2 4 0 2 3

1 1 0 1 3 0 2 1
1 0 3 4 0 0 2 1
1.19. i = 1, j = 4. 1.20. i = 1, j = 3.
1 4 9 0 2 2 2 1
0 1 1 2 1 1 1 1

0 2 4 3 1 1 0 3
2 1 3 1 1 1 2 0
1.21. i = 1, j = 2. 1.22. i = 2, j = 3.
3 0 2 0 0 2 3 4
4 1 0 1 3 0 4 3

0 1 2 1 0 1 2 3
2 0 3 1 1 1 2 3
1.23. i = 2, j = 4. 1.24. i = 4, j = 3.
3 1 2 0 2 2 2 3
4 1 0 1 3 3 3 3

119
 2 0 1 2 0 2 3 1
0 1 2 −1 −2 0 −1 3
1.25. i = 3, j = 4. 1.26. i = 4, j = 1.
3 −1 0 0 3 −1 0 2
3 0 4 1 1 3 −2 0

0 4 −1 0 2 0 1 1
1 2 0 1 0 1 1 0
1.27. i = 1, j = 3. 1.28 i = 2, j = 4.
2 0 −1 4 1 1 0 1
1 2 0 3 1 0 1 2

3 0 1 1 1 2 0 3
0 3 1 1 2 4 3 0
1.29. i = 1, j = 4. 1.30. i = 2, j = 2.
1 1 3 0 0 3 0 2
1 1 0 3 3 0 1 4

2-MASALA
Ikkita A va B matritsalar berilgan. Quyidagilarni toping: a) AB; b) BA;

v) A−1; g) AA−1; d) A−1A.

1 0 1  3 1 1
   
2.1. A =  3 1 2  ; B =  2 1 2  .
 0 1 −1  0 2 −3 
   

3 1 1  1 1 −1
   
2.2. A =  2 1 2  ; B =  2 −1 1  .
1 2 3 1 0 1 
   

 2 3 −4  3 2 2
   
2.3. A =  0 2 3  ; B =  1 2 1  .
0 0 2  0 1 −3 
   

 2 2 3  2 2 −1
   
2.4. A =  1 −1 0  ; B =  1 −1 2  .
 −1 2 1  1 0 1 
   

120
  2 1 0 2 1 1
   
2.5. A =  1 0 3  ; B =  3 1 3  .
 0 5 −1   0 3 −2 
   

3 2 1  2 −1 1 
   
2.6. A =  2 −1 1  ; B =  1 1 −1 .
1 5 0 1 0 2 
   

 1 1 −1   1 −1 3 
   
2.7. A =  2 1 0  ; B =  4 3 2  .
 1 −1 1   1 −2 5 
   

 1 −4 −3  2 2 1
   
2.8. A =  1 −5 −3  ; B =  −1 1 2  .
 −1 6 4   −1 0 −1
  

 2 −1 −1  3 2 2
   
2.9. A =  3 4 −2  ; B =  1 2 1  .
 3 −2 4   0 1 −3 
   

1 1 2  1 2 −1
   
2.10. A =  2 −1 2  ; B =  2 −1 2  .
 4 1 4 1 0 1 
   

 1 2 −3  4 1 2
   
2.11. A =  0 1 2  ; B =  1 2 2  .
0 0 1  0 1 −4 
   

 3 2 1  1 1 −1
   
2.12. A =  2 3 1  ; B =  2 −1 1  .
 2 1 3 2 0 2 
   

1 2 4  1 2 1
   
2.13. A =  5 1 2  ; ; B =  3 1 3  .
 3 −1 1   0 2 −1
   

 −1 1 2   1 −1 2 
   
2.14. A =  0 −1 −1 ; B =  1 1 −1 .
2 3 0  2 0 1 
  
121
 2 1 −1   1 −1 1 
   
2.15. A =  3 1 0  ; B =  −1 3 2  .
 −1 −1 1   1 −2 1 
   

 1 −1 −2  1 2 1
   
2.16. A =  1 −2 −2  ; B =  −2 1 1  .
 −1 3 4   −1 0 −2 
  

1 0 1  2 1 1
   
2.17. A =  2 1 3  ; B =  3 1 3  .
 0 1 −1  0 2 −2 
   

2 1 1  2 1 −1
   
2.18. A =  3 1 2  ; B =  1 −1 1  .
1 1 2 1 0 2 
   

 1 2 −3  1 1 3
   
2.19. A =  0 2 2  ; B =  2 1 2  .
 0 0 −1   0 2 −1 
   

 1 2 2  1 1 −1
   
2.20. A =  1 −1 0  ; B =  2 −1 1  .
 −1 2 1  2 0 2 
   

1 2 0 3 1 1
   
2.21. A =  2 0 3  ; B =  2 1 2  .
 0 1 −1   0 3 −3 
   

2 3 1  1 −1 2 
   
2.22. A =  2 −1 1  ; B =  2 1 −1 .
1 1 0 1 0 1 
   

2 1 −1   2 −1 3 
   
2.23. A =  3 1 0 ; B = 1 3 2.
 −1 −1 1   1 −2 1 
   

 1 −1 −3  1 1 2
   
2.24. A =  1 −2 −3  ; B =  −1 2 1  .
 −1 3 4   −2 0 −1
  
122
 2 1 1  1 2 2
   
2.25. A =  1 2 −2  ; B =  3 2 3  .
 1 −2 2   0 3 −1 
   

2 3 2   3 2 −1
   
2.26. A =  1 3 −1 ; B =  3 1 2  .
4 1 3  5 3 0 
   

 6 7 3 2 0 5
   
2.27. A =  3 1 0  ; B =  4 −1 −2  .
2 2 1 4 3 7 
   

2 6 1  4 −3 2 
   
2.28. A =  1 3 2  ; B =  −4 0 5  .
0 1 1  3 2 −3 
   

1 0 3  3 5 4
   
2.29. A =  3 1 7  ; ; B =  −3 0 1  .
2 1 8  5 6 −4 
   

5 4 2  5 4 −5 
   
2.30. A =  1 2 4  ; B =  3 −7 1  .
3 0 5 1 2 2 
   

3-MASALA
Tenglamalar sistemalarini а) Kramer formulalari yordamida; б) teskari matritsa
usuli bilan yeching.

2x1 − x 2 − x 3 = 4 x1 + x 2 + 2x 3 = −1 3x1 + 2x 2 + x 3 = 5

  
3.1. 3x1 + 4x 2 − 2x 3 = 11 3.2. 2x1 − x 2 + 2x 3 = −4 3.3. 2x1 + 3x 2 + x 3 = 1
3x − 2x + 4x = 11 4x + x + 4x = −2 2x + x + 3x = 11
 1 2 3  1 2 3  1 2 3

x1 + 2x 2 + 4x 3 = 31 x1 + x 2 + 3x 3 = 1 x1 + 2x 2 − 2x 3 = 9

  
3.4. 5x1 + x 2 + 2x 3 = 29 3.5. 3x1 − x 2 − 2x 3 = −4 3.6. 2x1 − x 2 − 3x 3 = 6
3x − x + x = 10 2x + 3x − x = −6 3x + 2x + 2x = 3
 1 2 3  1 2 3  1 2 3

123
 x1 + 2x 2 + 3x 3 = −7 x1 − 3x 2 + 4x 3 = −5 2x1 − x 2 + 3x 3 = 4
  
3.7. 2x1 + x 2 + 2x 3 = −8 3.8. −2x 2 + 3x 3 = −5 3.9. 3x1 + 3x 2 + 3x 3 = 6
3x + 2x + x = −5 3x − 5x = 1 3x − x − x = 6
 1 2 3  1 2  1 2 3

2x1 + 3x 2 = −1 x1 − 3x 2 + 4x 3 = 0 3x1 − 2x 2 + 4x 3 = 21

  
3.10. x1 + x 2 + x 3 = 1 3.11. 3x1 − x 2 + 2x 3 = 4 3.12. 3x1 + 4x 2 − 2x 3 = 9
x + 2x + 3x = 2 x − x + 2x = 0 2x − x − x = 10
 1 2 3  1 2 3  1 2 3

3x1 − x 2 = 5 5x1 + 4x 3 = 1 2x1 + 2x 2 − x 3 = 4

  
3.13. −2x1 + x 2 + x 3 = 0 3.14. x1 − x 2 + 2x 3 = 0 3.15. 3x1 + x 2 − 3x 3 = 7
2x − x + 4x = 15 4x + x + 2x = 1 x + x + 2x = 3
 1 2 3  1 2 3  1 2 3

x1 + x 2 + x 3 = 1 2 x1 + 3x 2 + 5 x3 = 10 5x1 − 6x 2 + 4x 3 = 3
  
3.16. x1 + 2x 2 + 2x 3 = 2 3.17. 3x1 + 7 x 2 + 4 x3 = 3 3.18. 3x1 − 3x 2 + 2x 3 = 2
2x + 3x + 3x = 3 x + 2x + 2x = 3 4x − 5x + 2x = 1
 1 2 3
 1 2 3
 1 2 3

4x1 − 3x 2 + 2x 3 = −4 5x1 + 2x 2 + 3x 3 = −2 2x1 + x 2 = 3

  
3.19. 6x1 − 2x 2 + 3x 3 = −1 3.20. 2x1 − 2x 2 + 5x 3 = 0 3.21. 3x1 + 4x 3 = −1
5x − 3x + 2x = −3 3x + 4x + 2x = −10 x − x + 2x = −2
 1 2 3  1 2 3  1 2 3

2x1 + 3x 3 = 4 2x1 + x 2 + 2x 3 = 6 3x 2 + 2x 3 = 5

  
3.22. 4x1 + x 2 = 6 3.23. 3x1 + 2x 3 = 8 3.24. 2x1 + x 2 − x 3 = 4
2x − x − 2x = 0 x + x − x = 1 −x + 2x = 1
 1 2 3  1 2 3  2 3

x1 + 2x 3 = 5 x1 + x 2 + 2x 3 = 4 2x1 + x 2 − 3x 3 = 4

  
3.25. 3x1 − x 2 = 9 3.26. 2x 2 + x 3 = 3 3.27. 4x1 − x 2 = 2
x + x − 2x = 1 x − x = 2 2x + 3x − x = 8
 1 2 3  1 2  1 2 3

4x1 − 3x 2 + 2x 3 = 9 x1 + x 2 + 2x 3 = −1 x1 − 4x 2 − 2x 3 = −3

  
3.28. 2x1 + 5x 2 − 3x 3 = 4 3.29. 2x1 − x 2 + 2x 3 = −4 3.30. 3x1 + x 2 + x 3 = 5
5x + 6x − 2x = 18 4x + x + 4x = −2 3x − 5x − 6x = −9
 1 2 3  1 2 3  1 2 3

4-MASALA

Tenglamalar sistemasini birgalikda ekanligini isbotlang va a) sistemani

Gauss usuli yordamida yeching; b) sistemaning barcha bazis yechimlarini toping.

124
 x 2 − x 4 = − 1 2x1 + 2x 2 + x 4 = 8
 
4.1. −3x1 + 3x 2 − 2x 3 + 4x 4 = 1 4.2. 3x1 + 3x 3 − 2x 4 = 12
x + 3x = −1 −3x + 4x − x = 2
 2 4  1 2 4

4x1 − 3x 2 + 3x 3 + 2x 4 = 9 x1 + 3x 2 + x 3 + 3x 4 = −2
 
4.3. 3x1 + 3x 2 − 4x 3 + x 4 = 12 4.4. 3x 2 + 3x 3 + x 4 = 0
11x − 3x + 2x + 5x = 30 2x + 9x + 5x + 7x = −4
 1 2 3 4  1 2 3 4

x1 + x 3 + x 4 = 3 4x1 − 3x 2 + x 3 + x 4 = 3
 
4.5. x 2 + 3x 3 + 2x 4 = 6 4.6. x1 + x 2 + x 3 − x 4 = −3
x − x + x = −3 3x + x − x − x = −13
 1 3 4  1 2 3 4

−2x1 + 2x 2 − 3x 3 + 4x 4 = 12 3x 2 + 4x 3 + 2 x 4 = 10
 
4.7. 3x1 − x 2 − x 3 + x 4 = −7 4.8. 2x 2 − 3x 3 + 2x 4 = 1
2x − 2x − 3x + 2x = 0 3x + 4x − x + 3x = 10
 1 2 3 4  1 2 3 4

2x 2 − x 4 = −6 2x1 − 2x 2 + 3x 3 − x 4 = 8
 
4.9. −3x1 + 4x 2 + 4x 3 = −20 4.10. −x1 + x 2 + x 3 + 2x 4 = 6
2x − 3x + x − 4x = 7 2x + 4x − 3x = 2
 1 2 3 4  1 2 3

−2x1 + 3x 2 − 2x 3 = 2 2x1 − x 2 − x 3 = 7
 
4.11. 3x1 − 2x 2 + x 3 = 2 4.12. −4x1 + 2x 2 = −2
−5x + 10x − 7x = 10 6x − 3x + x = −3
 1 2 3  1 2 3

x1 + 2x 2 = 8 5x1 + 3x 2 + 5x 3 + 12x 4 = 10

 
4.13. 2x1 + x 2 + 3x 3 = 1 4.14. 2x1 + 2x 2 + 3x 3 + 5x 4 = 4
2x + 7x − 3x = 31 x + 7x + 9x + 4x = 2
 1 2 3  1 2 3 4

x1 + 2x 2 − 2x 3 + 5x 4 = 3 −6x1 + 9x 2 + 3x 3 + 2 x 4 = 4
 
4.15. −3x1 − 2x 2 + 12x 3 − 7x 4 = −5 4.16. −2x1 + 3x 2 + 5x 3 + 4x 4 = 2
2x + 3x + 4x = 2 −4x + 6x + 4x + 3x = 3
 2 3 4  1 2 3 4

x1 + 5x 2 + 3x 3 = 2 2x1 + 7x 2 + 3x 3 + x 4 = 6
 
4.17. 2x1 + 9x 2 + 5x 3 + 3x 4 = 7 4.18. 3x1 + 5x 2 + 2x 3 + 2x 4 = 4
x + 3x + x + 6x = 8 9x + 4x + x + 7x = 2
 1 2 3 4  1 2 3 4

−2x1 + 3x 2 − 4x 3 = 12 2x1 − 2x 2 + 3x 3 − x 4 = 8
 
4.19. x1 − x 2 + x 3 = −3 4.20. −x1 + x 2 + x 3 + 2x 4 = 6
−7x + 3x + x = −3 2x + 4x − 3x = 2
 1 2 3  1 2 3
125
 x 2 − x 4 = − 1 2x1 + 2x 2 + x 4 = 8
 
4.21. −3x1 + 3x 2 − 2x 3 + 4x 4 = 1 4.22. 3x1 + 3x 3 − 2x 4 = 12
x + 3x = −1 −3x + 4x − x = 2
 2 4  1 2 4

4x1 − 3x 2 + 3x 3 + 2x 4 = 9 x1 + 3x 2 + x 3 + 3x 4 = −2
 
4.23. 3x1 + 3x 2 − 4x 3 + x 4 = 12 4.24. 3x 2 + 3x 3 + x 4 = 0
11x − 3x + 2x + 5x = 30 2x + 9x + 5x + 7x = −4
 1 2 3 4  1 2 3 4

x1 + x 3 + x 4 = 3 4x1 − 3x 2 + x 3 + x 4 = 3
 
4.25. x 2 + 3x 3 + 2x 4 = 6 4.26. x1 + x 2 + x 3 − x 4 = −3
x − x + x = −3 3x + x − x − x = −13
 1 3 4  1 2 3 4

−2x1 + 2x 2 − 3x 3 + 4x 4 = 12 3x 2 + 4x 3 + 2 x 4 = 10
 
4.27. 3x1 − x 2 − x 3 + x 4 = −7 4.28. 2x 2 − 3x 3 + 2x 4 = 1
2x − 2x − 3x + 2x = 0 3x + 4x − x + 3x = 10
 1 2 3 4  1 2 3 4

2x 2 − x 4 = −6 2x1 − 2x 2 + 3x 3 − x 4 = 8
 
4.29. −3x1 + 4x 2 + 4x 3 = −20 4.30. −x1 + x 2 + x 3 + 2x 4 = 6
2x − 3x + x − 4x = 7 2x + 4x − 3x = 2
 1 2 3 4  1 2 3

5-MASALA

A, B va C nuqtalarning koordinatalari bo’yicha a = 3CB − 2AC ,

b = AB , c = CB , d = AC vektorlar uchun
a) a vektorning uzunligini;
b) a va b vektorlarning skalyar ko’paytmasini;
v) c vektorni d vektorga proektsiyasini toping.
5.1. A(6,2,-3), В(6,3,-2), С(7,3,-3). 5.2. A(3,-6,9), В(0,-3,6), С(9,-12,15).

5.3. A(2,-8,-1), В(4,-6,0), С(-2,-5,-1). 5.4. A(0,0,4), В(-3,-6,1), С(-5,-10,-1).

5.5. A(0,2,-4), В(8,2,2), С(6,2,4). 5.6. A(3,3,-1), В(7,5,-2), С(4,1,1).

5.7. A(-4,3,0), В(0,1,3), С(-2,4,-2). 5.8. A(1,-1,0), В(-2,-1,4), С(8,-1,-1).

5.9. A(7,0,2), В(7,1,3), С(8,-1,2). 5.10. A(2,3,2), В(-1,-3,-1), С(-3,-7,-3).

5.11. A(2,2,7), В(0,0,6), С(-2,5,7) 5.12. A(-1,2,-3), В(0,1,-2), С(-3,4,-5).

126
5.13. A(0,3,-6), В(9,3,6), С(12,3,3). 5.14. A(-2,1,1), В(2,3,-2), С(0,0,3).

5.15. A(-2,4,-6), В(0,2,-4), С(-6,8,-10). 5.16. A(-4,0,4), В(-1,6,7), С(1,10,9).

5.17. A(0,1,0), В(0,2,1), С(1,2,0). 5.18. A(1,4,-1), В(-2,4,-5), С(8,4,0).

5.19. A(-3,-7,-5), В(0,-1,-2), С(2,3,0). 5.20. A(1,-2,3), В(0,-1,2), С(3,-4,5).

5.21. A(0,-3,6), В(-12,-3,-3), С(-9,-3,-6). 5.22. A(-1,2,-3), В(3,4,-6), С(1,1,-1).

5.23. A(-4,-2,0), В(-1,-2,4), С(3,-2,1). 5.24. A(5,3,-1), В(5,2,0), С(6,4,-1).

5.25. A(2,-4,6), В(0,-2,4), С(6,-8,10). 5.26. A(7,0,2), В(7,4,3), С(8,4,2).

5.27. A(3,3,-1), В(5,1-2,), С(4,1,1). 5.28. A(-1,-2,1), В(-4,-2,5), С(-8,-2,2).

5.29. A(1,-2,3), В(-3,1,0), С(4,2,0). 5.30. A(2,-1,-2), В(2,2,1), С(-2,-1,1)

6-MASALA

a va b vektorlar yordamida yasalgan parallelogramm yuzini hisoblang.

6.1. a = 5p + q , b = p − 3q ; | p |= 4 ,| q |= 1,(p q ) =  6 .

6.2. a = 2p − 3q , b = 3p + q ; | p |= 4 , | q |= 1,(p q ) =  6 .

6.3. a = 7p − 2q , b = p + 3q ; | p |= 1 2 , | q |= 2 ,(p q ) =  2 .

6.4 . a = 3p − 2q , b = 10p + q ; | p |= 4 ,| q |= 1,(p q ) =  6 .

6.5. a = 4p + q , b = p + 2q ; | p |= 8 , | q |= 2 ,(p q ) =  3 .

6.6. a = 2p + q , b = p − 3q ; | p |= 2 ,| q |= 1,(p q ) =  6 .

6.7. a = 3p − q , b = p + 2q ; | p | = 1, | q | = 4 , (p q ) =  4 .

6.8. a = p − 3q , b = p + 2q ; | p |= 4 , | q |= 1, (p q ) =  2 .

6.9. a = 2p − 3q , b = p − 5q ; | p |= 4 , | q |= 2 , (p q ) = 5 3 .

6.10. a = p − 2q , b = p + q ; | p |= 2 , | q |= 3 , (p q ) =  3 .

6.11. a = p + 3q , b = p − 2q ; | p |= 2 , | q |= 1, (p q ) =  4 .

127
6.12. a = 4p + q , b = 2p + q ; | p |= 3 , | q |= 1, (p q ) =  2 .

6.13. a = 3p + 2q , b = p − q ; | p |= 6 , | q |= 1, (p q ) =  2 .

6.14. a = 3p + q , b = p + 2q ; | p |= 3 , | q |= 2 , (p q ) =  6 .

6.15. a = 2p − 3q , b = 3p + q ; | p |= 4 ,| q |= 1,(p q ) =  3 .

6.16. a = 4p − q , b = p + 2q ; | p |= 5 ,| q |= 1,(p q ) =  6 .

6.17. a = 2p + 3q , b = p + 2q ; | p |= 4 , | q |= 2 , (p q ) =  6 .

6.18. a = 5p + q , b = 2p − 3q ; | p |= 1, | q |= 21, (p q ) =  4 .

6.19. a = 7p − q , b = p + 3q ; | p |= 2 , | q |= 2 , (p q ) =  2 .

6.20. a = 10p + q , b = 2p − 3q ; | p |= 4 , | q |= 1, (p q ) =  6 .

6.21. a = 6p − q , b = 5p + q ; | p |= 5 , | q |= 2 , (p q ) =  4 .

6.22. a = p + 2q , b = 2p − q ; | p |= 4 , | q |= 1, (p q ) = 3 4 .

6.23. a = 3p + 2q , b = 4p + q ; | p |= 2, | q |= 3, (p q ) =  2 .

6.24. a = p + 4q , b = p + q ; | p |= 1, | q |= 2, (p q ) =  6 .

6.25. a = 9p + q , b = 2p + 4q ; | p |= 1,| q |= 2 ,(p q ) = 3 4 .

6.26. a = 3p + 2q , b = 2p − q ; | p |= 4, | q |= 3, (p q ) = 3 4 .

6.27. a = 2p − 3q , b = 5p + q ; | p |= 2 , | q |= 3 , (p q ) =  2 .

6.28. a = 2p + 3q , b = p − 2q ; | p |= 2 , | q |= 1, (p q ) =  3 .

6.29. a = 5p − q , b = p + q ; | p |= 5 , | q |= 3 , (p q ) = 5 6 .

6.30. a = 7p + q , b = p − 3q ; | p |= 3 , | q |= 1, (p q ) = 3 4 .

7-MASALA
Uchlari A1, A2, A3, A4 nuqtalarda bo‘lgan piramida hajmini toping va uning
A4 uchidan A1A2A3 yon yog’iga tushirilgan balandligini hisoblang.
128
7.1. A1(4,-1,3), A2(-2,1,0), A3(0,-5,1), A4(3,2,-6)

7.2. A1(-1,2,-3), A2(4,-1,0), A3(2,1,-2), A4(3,4,5)

7.3. A1(-3,4,-7), A2(1,5,-4), A3(-5,-2,0), A4(2,5,4)

7.4. A1(1,1,-1), A2(2,3,1), A3(3,2,1), A4(5,9,-8)

7.5. A1(2,3,1), A2(4,1,-2), A3(6,3,7), A4(7,5,-3)

7.6. A1(1,1,2), A2(-1,1,3), A3(2,-2,4), A4(-1,0,-2)

7.7. A1(2,-1,2), A2(1,2,-1), A3(3,2,1), A4(-4,2,5)

7.8. A1(1,2,0), A2(3,0,-3), A3(5,2,6), A4(8,4,-9)

7.9. A1(-2,0,-4), A2(-1,7,1), A3(4,-8,-4), A4(1,-4,6)

7.10. A1(2,-1,-2), A2(1,2,1), A3(5,0,-6), A4(-10,9,-7)

7.11. A1(5,2,0), A2(2,5,0), A3(1,2,4), A4(-1,1,1)

7.12. A1(0,-1,-1), A2(-2,3,5), A3(1,-5,-9), A4(-1,-6,3)

7.13. A1(-1,-5,2), A2(-6,0,-3), A3(3,6,-3), A4(-10,6,7)

7.14. A1(2,1,4), A2(-1,5,-2), A3(-7,-3,2), A4(-6,-3,6)

7.15. A1(7,2,4), A2(7,-1,-2), A3(3,3,1), A4(-4,2,1)

7.16. A1(-4,2,6), A2(2,-3,0), A3(-10,5,8), A4(-5,2,-4)

7.17. A1(1,3,6), A2(2,2,1), A3(-1,0,1), A4(-4,6,-3)

7.18. A1(1,5,-7), A2(-3,6,3), A3(-2,7,3), A4(-4,8,-12)

7.19. A1(1,-1,1), A2(-2,0,3), A3(2,1,-1), A4(2,-2,-4)

7.20. A1(1,2,0), A2(1,-1,2), A3(0,1,-1), A4(-3,0,1)

7.21. A1(2,-4,-3), A2(5,-6,0), A3(-1,3,-3), A4(-10,-8,7)

129
7.22. A1(1,-1,2), A2(2,1,2), A3(1,1,4), A4(6,-3,8)

7.23. A1(-3,-5,6), A2(2,1,-4), A3(0,-3,-1), A4(-5,2,-8)

7.24. A1(-2,-1,-1), A2(0,3,2), A3(3,1,-4), A4(-4,7,3)

7.25. A1(0,-3,1), A2(-4,1,2), A3(2,-1,5), A4(3,1,-4)

7.26. A1(14,4,5), A2(-5,-3,2), A3(-2,-6,-3), A4(-2,2,-1)

7.27. A1(1,0,2), A2(1,2,-1), A3(2-2,1), A4(2,1,0)

7.28. A1(1,2,-3), A2(1,0,1), A3(-2,-1,6), A4(0,-5,-4)

7.29. A1(3,10,-1), A2(-2,3,-5), A3(-6,0,-3), A4(1,-1,2)

7.30. A1(-1,2,4), A2(-1,-2,-4), A3(3,0,-1), A4(7,-3,1)

8-MASALA
Quyidagi ikkinchi tartibli chiziqlarning turini aniqlab, fokusi, direktrisasi va
asimptotalarini toping va grafiklarini chizing.
8.1. 16x 2 + 4y − 16 = 0 8.2. 9x 2 − 16y 2 − 144 = 0

8.3. 4x 2 + 16y 2 − 16 = 0 8.4. x 2 − 2x + y 2 = 0

8.5. x 2 − 4x + y 2 = 0 8.6. 2x − y 2 + 4 = 0

x2 y2
8.7. 9x + 25y − 225 = 0
2 2
8.8. + =1
16 9
x2 y2 x2 y2
8.9. + =1 8.10. − =1
64 36 25 16
8.11. x 2 − 4x + y 2 + 3 = 0 8.12. x 2 + y 2 − 2y = 0

8.13. x 2 − 2x + 1 + y 2 − 2y = 0 8.14. y 2 + 4y = x

8.15. 3x + y 2 = 9 8.16. x 2 + 3y = 9

8.17. x 2 = y + 2 8.18. x 2 − 4y 2 + 8x − 24y = 24

8.19. x 2 − 4y 2 = 16 8.20. 9x 2 − 25y 2 = 225

8.21. x 2 + y 2 − 6y − 9 = 0 8.22. x 2 + y 2 + x + y = 0
130
 x2 y2
8.23. x + 4y − 6x + 8y = 3
2 2
8.24. + =1
25 16
x2 y2
8.25. + =1 8.26. 9x 2 + 16y 2 = 144
100 36
8.27. 9x 2 − 36y 2 = 324 8.28. 4y = 4x − x 2

8.29. y 2 = 6x − 6 8.30. y 2 = x + 1

9-MASALA
9.1. Aylana A(1;-2), B(0;-1) va C(-3;0) nuqtalardan o‘[Link] kanonik
tenglamasini tuzing va grafigini yasang.
9.2. Diametri A(-3;0), B(3;6), AB kesmadan iborat bo‘lgan aylana tenglamasi
tuzilsin.
9.3. 0(0;0) nuqtadan va berilgan x+y+1=0 to‘g’ri chiziq bilan x2+y2=1 aylananing
kesishish nuqtalaridan o‘tuvchi aylana tenglamasi tuzilsin.
2
9.4. Ellips ekstsentrisiteti  = ga va kichik yarim o‘qi 3 ga teng bo‘lsa, uning
2

kanonik tenglamasi tuzilsin.

9.5. Ellips fokuslarining biridan katta o‘qining uchlariga bo‘lgan masofalar 1 va
7 birlikka teng. Shu ellips tenglamasi tuzilsin.
x2 y2 5
9.6. + = 1 ellips bilan umumiy fokuslarga ega bo‘lgan va ekstsentrisiteti E=
49 24 4

bo‘lgan giperbola kanonik tenglamasi tuzilsin.

x2 y2
9.7. − = 1 giperbola fokusidan asimptotalarigacha bo‘lgan masofa
49 25
hisoblansin.
9.8. Aylana x2+y2-4x-6y=0 markazidan A(-1;0) nuqtagacha bo‘lgan masofa
topilsin.
9.9. Absissa o‘qiga 0(0:0) nuqtada urinuvchi va ordinata o’qini A(0;4) nuqtada
kesuvchi aylana tenglamasi tuzilsin.
9.10. A(4;6) nuqta berilgan. Diametri OA kesmaga teng bo‘lgan aylana tenglamasi
tuzilsin.
131
9.11. x2+y2-4x+6y-5=0 aylananing absissa o‘qi bilan kesishadigan nuqtalaridan
o‘tuvchi radiuslari orasidagi burchak topilsin.
x2
9.12. + y 2 = 1 ellipsga ichki chizilgan kvadrat tomonining uzunligi topilsin.
4

9.13. Agar ellipsning fokuslari orasidagi masofa uning katta va kichik o‘qlari
uchlarining orasidagi masofaga teng bo‘lsa, uning ekssentrisiteti toping.
9.14. M(-1:2) nuqtadan o‘tib, koordinata o‘qlariga urinuvchi aylana tenglamasi
tuzilsin.
9.15. Ellipsning tenglamasi 25x 2 + 169y 2 = 4225 ko‘rinishida bo‘lsa, uning
ekssentrisiteti topilsin.
x2 y2
9.16. + = 1 ellipsda uning kichik o‘qidan 5 birlik masofada yotuvchi nuqta
30 24
topilsin.
2b 3
9.17. Ellips o‘qlarining nisbati = ga teng. Shu ellips ekssentrisiteti topilsin.
2a 5

x2 y2
9.18. + = 1 ellipsda shunday nuqta topilsinki, uning o‘ng fokusidan masofasi
100 36
chap fokusigacha bo‘lgan masofasiga nisbatan 4 marta katta bo‘lsin.
x2 y2
9.19. + = 1 ellipsda fokal radius-vektorlarining ko‘paytmasi kichik yarim
9 4
o‘qning kvadratiga teng bo‘lgan nuqta topilsin.
9.20. Agar ellipsning kichik o‘qi fokusdan to‘g’ri burchak ostida ko‘rinsa, uning
ekssentrisiteti aniqlansin.
x2 y2
9.21. + = 1 ellipsning fokuslaridan o‘tuvchi va fokuslari shu ellipsning
169 144
uchlarida bo‘lgan giperbola kanonik tenglamasi tuzilsin.
x
9.22. Giperbolaning asimptotalari y=  dan iborat bo‘lib, u M(12; 27 ) nuqtadan
2

o‘tsa, giperbola kanonik tenglamasi qanday ko‘rinishda bo‘ladi?

9.23. Agar giperbola ekstsentrisiteti 2 ga teng bo‘lsa, uning asimptotalari orasidagi
burchak topilsin.

132
9.24. Agar giperbola asimptotalari orasidagi burchak 600 ga teng bo‘lsa, uning
ekstsentrisiteti topilsin.
x2 y2
9.25. − = 1 giperbolada absissasi 10ga teng va ordinatasi musbat bo‘lgan
25 24
nuqta olingan. Shu nuqtaning fokal radius-vektorlari topilsin.
x2 y 2
9.26. − = 1 giperbolada fokal radius-vektorlari o‘zaro perpndikulyar bo‘lgan
16 9
nuqta topilsin.
9.27. y 2 = 8x parabolada fokal radius-vektori 20 ga teng bo‘lgan nuqta topilsin.
9.28. y 2 = 18x parabolaning 6 x + y − 6 = 0 to‘g’ri chiziq bilan kesishish nuqtalari
topilsin.
9.29. y 2 = 18x parabola bilan ( x + 6 ) + y 2 = 100 aylana umumiy vatarining
2

tenglamasi tuzilsin.
9.30. y 2 = 4 x parabola fokusidan uning o‘qiga perpendikulyar qilib vatar
o‘tkazilgan. Shu vatarning uzunligi hisoblansin.

Nazorat topshiriqlarini bajarish namunasi

1 1 1 4
1 2 0 3
1-masala.  4 = determinantning a13 va a 24 elementlarini
1 3 1 2
1 2 0 1
algebraik to’ldiruvchilarini toping.  4 determinantni a) birinchi satr elementlari

bo’yicha yoyib; b) to’rtinchi ustun elementlari bo’yicha yoyib; v) to’rtinchi

ustunda nollar hosil qilib hisoblang.
Yechish. Determinantning a13 va a 24 elementlarini algebraik
to’ldiruvchilarini topamiz:

1 2 3
A13 = (−1)1+3 1 3 2 = 3 + 6 + 4 − 9 − 4 − 2 = −2.
1 2 1
133
 1 1 1
1 2
A34 = (−1)3+4 1 2 0 = − = 0.
1 2
1 2 0

a)  4 = a11 A11 + a12 A12 + a13 A13 + a14 A14 =

2 0 3 1 0 3 1 2 3 1 2 0
= 1 3 1 2 − 1 1 1 2 + 1 1 3 2 − 4  1 3 1 =
2 0 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 1 2 0

2 3 1 3 1 2
− + (3 + 6 + 4 − 9 − 4 − 2) − 4 = −4 + 2 − 2 − 0 = −4.
2 1 1 1 1 2

b) Determinantni to’rtinchi ustun elementlari bo’yicha yoyamiz:

1 2 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
 4 = −4  1 3 1 + 3  1 3 1 − 2  1 2 0 + 1  1 2 0 =
1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 3 1

−4  0 + 3  (−2) − 2  0 + 1  2 = −4.

v) Determinantning to’rtinchi ustun elementlarida nollarni hosil qilamiz.

Buning uchun dterminantning xossalaridan foydalanamiz: 4-satr elementlarini -4
ga ko’paytirib, 1-satrning mos elementlariga qo’shamiz, so’ngra -3 ga ko’paytirib,
2-satrning mos elementlariga va -2 ga ko’paytirib, 3-satrning mos elementlariga
qo’shamiz. Natijada 4-ustunda bitta elementdan tashqari barcha elementlari nolga
aylanadi. Endi determinantni to’rtinchi ustun elementlari bo’yicha yoyib
hisoblaymiz:

1 1 1 4 −3 −7 1 0
−3 −7 1
1 2 0 3 −2 −4 0 0
4 = = = −2 −4 0 =
1 3 1 2 −1 −1 1 0
−1 −1 1
1 2 0 1 1 2 0 1

134
 = 12 + 2 − 4 − 14 = −4.
 1 1 1 4 1 0
   
2-masala. Ikkita A =  −4 0 2  va B =  1 1 2  matritsalar berilgan.
 1 1 2  3 2 −4 
   
Quyidagilarni toping: a) AB; b) BA; v) A−1; g) AA−1; d) A−1A.
Yechish. a) AB ko’paytma ma’noga ega, chunki A matritsa ustunlari soni
B matritsa satrlari soniga teng. Matritsalarni ko’paytirish formulasidan
foydalanib, topamiz:
 1 1 1  4 1 0   4 + 1 + 3 1+1+ 2 0 + 2 − 4
    
AB =  −4 0 2  1 1 2  =  −16 + 0 + 6 −4 + 0 + 4 0 + 0 −8 =
 1 1 2  3 2 −4   4 + 1 + 6 1+1+ 4 0 + 2 − 8 
   

 8 4 −2 
 
=  −10 0 −8  .
 11 6 −6 
 

 4 1 0  1 1 1   4 − 4 + 0 4 + 0 + 0 4 + 2 + 0
    
b) BA =  1 1 2  −4 0 2  =  1 − 4 + 2 1 + 0 + 2 1+ 2 + 4  =
 3 2 −4  1 1 2   3 − 8 − 4 3 + 0 − 4 3 + 4 − 8 
   
 0 4 6
 
=  −1 3 7  .
 −9 −1 −1
 
Ravshanki, AB  BA.
v) A matritsaga teskari bo’lgan A−1 matritsa quyidagi formula yordamida
 A11 A12 A13 
1  
topiladi: A−1 =  A21 A22 A23  ,
 
 A31 A32 A33 
1 1 1
bu yerda  = det A = −4 0 2 = −4 + 2 − 2 + 8 = 4  0, ya’ni, A – xosmas
1 1 2

matritsa, va demak A−1 mavjud.

135
 0 2 −4 2 −4 0
A11 = = −2; A12 = − = 8 + 2 = 10; A13 = = −4;
1 2 1 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1
A21 = − = −2 + 1 = −1; A22 = = 1; A23 = = 0;
1 2 1 2 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1
A31 = = 2; A32 = − = −2 − 4 = −6; A33 = = 4.
0 2 −4 2 −4 0
U holda
 − 2 −1 2   − 1 2 −1 4 1 2 
1    
A−1 =  10 1 −6  =  5 2 1 4 −3 2 .
4  
 −4 0 4   −1 0 1 

 1 1 1  − 1 2 −1 4 1 2 
−1   
g) AA =  −4 0 2  5 2 1 4 −3 2 =
 1 1 2  −1 1 
  0

 − 1 2 + 5 2 − 1 −1 4 + 1 4 1 2 − 3 2 + 1   1 0 0 
   
= 2−2 1 −2 + 2  =  0 1 0  = E .
 1 2 + 5 2 − 2 −1 4 + 1 4 1 2 − 3 2 + 2   0 0 1 
   

 − 1 2 −1 4 1 2  1 1 1 
  
d) A−1A =  5 2 1 4 − 3 2  −4 0 2  =
 −1 1  
 0  1 1 2 

 − 1 2 + 1 + 1 2 −1 2 + 1 2 −1 2 − 1 2 + 1   1 0 0 
   
=  5 2 −1− 3 2 5 2 − 3 2 5 2 +1 2 − 3  = 0 1 0  = E,
 −1 + 1 −1 + 1 −1 + 1 + 2   0 0 1 

ya’ni, teskari matritsa to’g’ri topilgan.
3-masala. Tenglamalar sistemasini а) Kramer formulalari yordamida; б)
teskari matritsa usuli bilan yeching.
x1 − x 2 + x 3 = 3

2x1 + x 2 + x 3 = 11
x + x + 2x = 8
 1 2 3

Yechish. а) Sistemaning determinantini hisoblaymiz:

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 1 −1 1
 = 2 1 1 = 2 + 2 − 1 − 1 − 1 + 4 = 5  0.
1 1 2

Kramer teoremasiga ko’ra sistema yagona yechimga ega bo’ladi.

1 ,  2 ,  3 determinantlarni hisoblaymiz:

3 −1 1 1 3 1 1 −1 3
1 = 11 1 1 = 20;  2 = 2 11 1 = 10;  3 = 2 1 11 = 5.
8 1 2 1 8 2 1 1 8

1 20
Endi Kramer formulalari yordamida topamiz: x1 = = = 4;
 5
 2 10  5
x2 = = = 2; x 3 = 3 = = 1, ya’ni sistemaning yechimi ( 4; 2; 1) bo’ladi.
 5  5
 1 −1 1   x1  3
     
б) A =  2 1 1  ; X =  x 2  ; B = 11 bo’lsin. U holda berilgan sistema
1 1 2 x  8
   3  
AX = B
matritsaviy ko’rinishga keladi. A matritsaning determinanti:
1 −1 1
 = det A = 2 1 1 = 5.
1 1 2

 = 5  0 bo’lgani uchun A − xosmas matritsa bo’ladi va A−1 teskari matritsa

mavjud bo’ladi. A−1 ni topamiz:
1 1 2 1 2 1
A11 = = 1; A12 = − = −3; A 13= = 1;
1 2 1 2 1 1

−1 1 1 1 1 −1
A21 = − = 3; A22 = = 1; A23 = − = −2;
1 2 1 2 1 1

−1 1 1 1 1 −1
A31 = = −2; A32 = − = 1; A33 = = 3.
1 1 2 1 2 1

137
  1 3 −2 
1 
Bundan A−1 =  −3 1 1  . Endi sistemaning yechimini X = A−1 B
5 
 1 −2 3 
formuladan topamiz:
 1 3 −2  3   20   4 
1   1    
X =  −3 1 1 11 =  10  =  2  ,
5   5  5   1 
 1 −2 3  8     
ya’ni sistemaning yechimi ( 4; 2; 1) bo’ladi.

4-masala. Tenglamalar sistemasini birgalikda ekanligini isbotlang va

a) sistemani Gauss usuli yordamida yeching; b) sistemaning barcha bazis
yechimlarini toping.
2x1 − x 2 + x 3 − x 4 = 5

x1 + 2x 2 − 2x 3 + 3x 4 = −6
3x + x − x + 2x = −1
 1 2 3 4

Yechish. Sistemaning kengaytirilgan matritsasini tuzib olamiz va uning

ustida elementar almashtirishlar bajaramiz:

 2 −1 1 1 5   1 2 −2 3 −6   1 2 −2 3 −6 
     
A =  1 2 −2 3 −6   2 −1 1 −1 5   0 −5 5 −7 17 
 3 1 −1 2 −1   3 1 −1 2 −1   0 −5 5 −7 17 
     
 1 2 −2 3 −6 
   1 2 −2 3 −6 
 0 −5 5 −7 17   0 −5 5 −7 17  , ya’ni sistema matritsasi va
0 0 0 0 0   
 
kengaytirilgan matritsasining ranglari teng bo’ladi: r = r (A) = r (A) = 2 . Bu esa
o’z navbatida berilgan tenglamalar sistemasini birgalikdaligini isbotlaydi.
a) r = 2  4 ekanligidan sistema cheksiz ko’p yechimga ega ekanligi va
bazis o’zgaruvchilar soni 4 − 2 = 2 ga tengligi kelib chiqadi.

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 x1 , x 2 noma’lumlarning koeffisientlaridan tuzilgan matritsa determinanti

1 2 
noldan farqli bo’lganligi uchun  = −5  0  , ushbu noma’lumlarni bazis
 0 −5 
o’zgaruvchilar sifatida tenglamalarning chap tomanida qoldiramiz. Qolgan x 3 , x 4
erkin o’zgaruvchilarni tenglamalarning o’ng tomaniga o’tkazamiz. Natijada
quyidagi sistemani hosil qilamiz:
 x1 + 2 x2 = −6 + 2x3 − 3x4

 − 5 x2 = 17 − 5 x3 + 7 x4
17 7
bu yerdan x2 = − + x3 − x4 va
5 5
 17 7  4 1
x1 = −6 + 2x3 − 3x4 − 2  − + x3 − x4  = − x4 .
 5 5  5 5
Erkin o’zgaruvchilarga ixtiyoriy x 3 = c1 , x 4 = c 2 qiymatlar berib, sistemaning
cheksiz ko’p yechimini topamiz:
 4 1
x1 = 5 − 5 c 4

x = − 17 + c − 7 c
 2 5
3
5
4

x 3 = c1
x = c .
 4 2

b) Sistemaning barcha bazis yechimlarini topamiz. Sistema matritsasining

rangi r = 2 bo’lganligidan sistema tenglamalaridan birini, masalan, uchinchisini
tashlab yuborish mumkin.
43
Bazis o’zgaruvchilar gruppasining umumiy soni C nr = C 42 = = 6 dan
1 2
oshmaydi. Shuning uchun bazis o’zgaruvchilarinig quyidagi gruppalari bo’lishi
mumkin: x1 , x 2 ; x1 , x 3 ; x1 ,x 4 ; x 2 ,x 3 ; x 2 ,x 4 ; x 3 ,x 4 .
x1 , x 2 o’zgaruvchilar bazis o’zgaruvchilar bo’la olishini tekshiramiz. Bu
o’zgaruvchilarning koeffisientlaridan tuzilgan matritsa determinant, yani bazis

139
 1 2
minor = −5  0 noldan farqli bo’lganligi uchun x1 , x 2 bazis o’zgaruvchilar
0 −5

bo’la oladi. Xuddi shunday muloxasa yuritib, x 2 , x 3 o’zgaruvchilardan boshqa

barcha o’zgaruvchilar bazis o’zgaruvchilar bo’la oladi, x 2 , x 3 o’zgaruvchilar bazis

−1 1
bo’la olmaydi: = 0.
2 −2
Birinchi bazis yechimni topamiz. Buning uchun bazis o’zgaruvchilar sifatida
x1 , x 2 o’zgaruvchilarni, erkin o’zgaruvchilar sifatida x 3 , x 4 o’zgaruvchilarni
olamiz. Erkin o’zgaruvchilarni nolga tenglab, ya’ni x 3 = x 4 = 0 deb, quyidagi

2x1 − x 2 = 5 4 17
sistemani hosil qilamiz:  bu yerdan x1 = ; x 2 = − , ya’ni
x1 + 2x 2 = −6 5 5

birinchi bazis yechim ( 4 5; − 17 5; 0; 0 ) bo’lishini topamiz.

Agar bazis o’zgaruvchilar sifatida x1 , x 3 ni olib, mos erkli o’zgaruvchilar

x 2 , x 4 ni nolga tenglab, ya’ni x 2 = x 4 = 0 deb, ikkinchi bazis yechimni topamiz:

( 4 5; 0; − 17 5; 0 ) . Xuddi shu usul bilan qolgan bazis yechimlarni ham topamiz:

(9 7; 0; 0; − 17 7 ) , ( 0; − 9; 0; 4 ) и ( 0; 0; 9; 4 ) .

5-masala. A ( 5,1, −2 ) , B ( 5, 2, −1) va C ( 6, 2, −2 ) nuqtalarning koordinatalari

bo’yicha a = 3CB − 2AC , b = AB , c = CB , d = AC vektorlar uchun

a) a vektorning uzunligini;
b) a va b vektorlarning skalyar ko’paytmasini;
v) c vektorni d vektorga proektsiyasini toping.
Yechish.a) Ketma-ket topamiz: b = AB = {−2,1, −3}, c = CB = {−3, −1, 1} ,

d = AC = {1, 2, − 4} , a = 3CB − 2AC = {−9, −3, 3} − {2, 4, −8} = {−11, −7, 11}.

| a |= ( −11)2 + ( −7)2 + 112 = 291.

b) a = {−11, −7, 11} va b = {−2,1, −3} bo’lganligidan, skalyar ko’paytmaning

formulasidan foydalanib, topamiz:
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 (a b ) = ( −11)  ( −2) + ( −7)  1 + 11  ( −3) = 22 − 7 − 33 = −18.

(c d ) ( −3)  1 + ( −1)  2 + 1  ( −4) 9

v) prdc = = =− = −3 3 7 .
|d | 1 + 2 + ( −4)
2 2 2
21

6-masala. a va b vektorlar yordamida yasalgan parallelogramm yuzini

hisoblang.

a = 3p + 4q , b = p − 3q ; | p |= 3 ,| q |= 2 ,(p q ) =  3 .
1
Yechish. S  = | a  b | formuladan foydalanamiz.
2
a  b = (3p + 4q )  (p − 3q ) = 3(p  p ) − 9(p  q ) + 4(q  p ) − 12(q  q ) =
= −9(p  q ) − 4(p  q ) = −13(p  q ).
Bu yerda vektor ko’paytmaning quyidagi xossalaridan foydalandik:
p  p = 0, p  q = −q  p.

 3
Endi | p  q | = | p | | q |sin(p q ) = 3  2  sin = 6 =3 3 ekanligini
3 2
hisobga olib, topamiz:
1 1 39
S  = | a  b |=  13 | p  q | = 3.
2 2 2
7-masala. Uchlari A1 ( 5, −2, 4 ) , A 2 ( −3, 2, 0 ) , A 3 ( 0, −6, 2 ) va A 4 ( 2, 3, −5 )

nuqtalarda bo‘lgan piramida hajmini toping va uning A4 uchidan AA

1 2A3 yon

yog’iga tushirilgan balandligini hisoblang.

Yechish. Quyidagi vektorlarni tuzib olamiz: a = AA
1 2 , b = AA
1 3 , c = AA
1 4.

U holda izlanayotgan piramidaning hajmi quyidagi formula yordamida topiladi:

1
Vpir =  (a b c ).
6

a = AA
1 2 = { −8, 4, −4}; b = AA
1 3 = { −5, −4, − 2}; c = AA
1 4 = { −3, 5, −9}

ekanligini hisobga olib, a , b va c vektorlarning aralash ko’paytmasini topamiz:

141
 −8 4 −4
(a b c ) = −5 −4 −2 = −288 + 100 + 24 + 48 − 80 − 180 = −376.
−3 5 −9

1 1 188 2
Shunday qilib, Vpir =  (a b c ) =  376 = = 62 .
6 6 3 3

1 2A3 uchburchakni yuzini hisoblash uchun a va b

Endi AA vektorlarning
vektor ko’paytmasini topamiz:
i j k
4 −4 −8 −4 −8 4
a  b = −8 4 −4 = i −j +k =
−4 −2 −5 −2 −5 −4
−5 −4 −2

= ( −8 − 16)i − (16 − 20) j + (32 + 20)k = −24i + 4 j + 52k .

a va b vektorlarga qurilgan uchburchak yuzini hisoblash formulasidan

foydalanib, topamiz:
1 1 1
S = | a  b |= ( −24)2 + 42 + 522 =  4 62 + 1 + 132 = 2 206 .
2 2 2
1 2A3 yon yog’iga tushirilgan balandligi H
Endi piramidaning A4 uchidan AA
ni hisoblaymiz:
3Vpir 188 94
H= = = .
S 2 206 206
8-masala. Quyidagi ikkinchi tartibli chiziqning turini aniqlab, fokusi, va
asimptotalarini toping va grafigini chizing.
16y 2 = 81 + 90x + 9x 2 .
Yechish. Berilgan tenglamani quyidagicha almashtiramiz:
9x 2 + 90x − 16y 2 + 81 = 0 ,
9(x 2 + 10x + 25 − 25) − 16y 2 + 81 = 0 ,
9(x + 5)2 − 225 − 16y 2 + 81 = 0 , 9(x + 5)2 − 16y 2 = 144
(x + 5)2 y 2
− = 1.
16 9

142
 Giperbolaning kanonik tenglamasini hosil qildik. Ttnglamadan ko’rinib
turibdiki, giperbola Ox o’qi bo’ylab 5 birlikka chapga surilgan, katta yarim o’qi
a =4 , kichik yarim o’qi esa b =3 ga teng bo’ladi. Bundan,
c 5
c 2 = a 2 + b 2 = 16 + 9 = 25 va c = 5 ,  = = . Fokuslar: F1 ( −10; 0), F2 ( 0; 0) .
a 4
3 3
y = (x − 5) va y = − (x − 5) to’g’ri chiziqlar giperbolaning asimptotalari
4 4
bo’ladi.
Giperbolaning grafigini chizamiz:

F1 -9 -5 -1 0 F2 x

-3

9-masala. Uchi koordinatalar boshida bo’lgan, A(2; 4) nuqtadan o’tuvchi

va Ox o’qiga nisbatan simmetrik bo’lgan parabolaning kanonik tenglamasi
tuzilsin, fokusi va direktrisasi topilsin.
Yechish. Parabola O ( 0; 0) nuqtadan o’tib, Ox o’qiga nisbatan simmetrik

bo’lganligi uchun, uning tenglamasi y 2 = 2px ko’rinishda bo’ladi. A(2; 4)

nuqtaning koordinatalarini bu tenglamaga qo’yib, ya’ni 42 = 2p  2 tenglikdan

p = 4 parametrni topamiz. Shuning uchun parabolaning tenglamasi y 2 = 8x
bo’ladi. Uning direktrisasi tenglamasi x = −2, parabola fokusi esa F (2; 0) nuqtada
bo’ladi.
143