WEB TECHNOLOGY ASSIGNMENT Q1.A server needs to be connected to 5 clients. Demonstrate any three topologies to make such connections through different diagrams. Name each topology and an advantage of each of the typology offered. Topology 1: Star Topology Ina star topology, all clients are connected to a central server. The server acts as a hub, and all communication between clients goes through the server. ‘Advantage: Easy to install and maintain, as all clients are connected to a single point (the server), Topology 2: Bus Topology Ina bus topology, all clients are connected to a single cable or backbone. The server is also connected to this backbone. ‘Advantage: Less expensive to install, as only one cable is needed to connect all clients. Topology 3: Ring Topology In a ring topology, all clients are connected in a circular configuration, and the server is connected to one of the clients. Data travels in one direction around the ring. ‘Advantage: Provides high-speed data transfer, as data can be transmitted in both directions around the ring. BUS TOPOLOGY RING TOPOLOGY STAR TOPOLOGY oQ.2 Enlist any two characteristics of http. Differentiate between http and https. ‘Two characteristics of HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) are: 1. Stateless: HTTP is a stateless protocol, meaning that each request from the client to the server is independent and contains all the information necessary to complete the request. The server does not maintain any information about the client between requests. 2. Connectionless: HTTP is a connectionless protocol, meaning that a new connection is established for each request, and the connection is closed after the response is sent. Differentiation between HTTP and HTTPS: HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) 1. Uses plain text to send data between the client and server 2. Does not provide any encryption or security measures to protect data in transit 3. Uses port 80 by default 4, Data can be intercepted and read by third parties, making it vulnerable to eavesdropping and tampering HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) 1. Uses encryption to send data between the client and server, making it secure and private 2. Uses a secure socket layer (SSL) or transport layer security (TLS) protocol to encrypt data in transit 3. Uses port 443 by default 4, Provides authentication and verification of the server's identity, ensuring that the client is communicating with the intended server 5. Protects against eavesdropping, tampering, and man-i \-the-middle attacks. Q.3 Draw a neat diagram of a client server architecture. Explain each of the components briefly. 1. Client: The client is the application or device that initiates a request to the server. This can be a web browser, mobile app, or desktop application. The client sends a request to the server to retrieve or update data, 2. Network: The network is the communication channel between the client and server. This can be the internet, a local area network (LAN), or a wide area network (WAN). The network enables the client and server to communicate with each other. 3, Server: The server is the application or device that receives and processes the client's request. The server can be a web server, application server, or database server. Theserver processes the request, retrieves or updates data, and sends a response back to the client. 4. Database: The database is the storage system that holds the data used by the application. The database can be a relational database management system (RDBMS) like MySQL or PostgreSQL, or a NoSQL database like MongoD8 or Cassandra. The database stores and retrieves data as requested by the server. 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