THE Page: 1
PN2405-01 Made by: JH
Date: 08.07.24
Ref No: C702
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Office: 1028
Location: Ex1 - Beam with compression reinforcement
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Bending in rectangular beams
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d2─┐ ├─── b ───┤
Calculations are in accordance with ─┼─ ▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄▄ ─┬─ ─┬─
EC2: Design of concrete structures ─┴─ █ (o) (o) █ │ │
and assume the use of a simplified █ As2 █ │ │
rectangular concrete stress-block and █ █ │d │h
that the depth to the neutral axis is █ As █ │ │
restricted to 0.45*d. █ o o o █ ─┴─ │
▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀▀ ─┴─
Loading
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Moment before redistribution Mbef=150 kNm
Beam being analysed is considered as non-continuous.
Materials
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Char cylinder compress strength fck=30 N/mm² (concrete)
Char yield strength of reinf'ment fyk=500 N/mm²
Max.aggregate size (for bar spc.) hagg=20 mm
Diameter of tension bars dia=25 mm
Diameter of link legs dial=8 mm
Durability and cover to reinforcement
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Life of structure 50 years
Exposure class XC3
Designated concrete RC 30 /37
Minimum cover covern=30 mm
Fixing tolerance tol=10 mm
Nominal cover (Cl. 4.4.1.1(2)) cover=40 mm
Chosen fire resistance period fire=1 hour
Nominal cover to beam sides covsid=40 mm
Min axis distance to beam soffit asoffr=27.5 mm (TABLE 5.5)
Min axis distance to beam sides asider=32.5 mm (TABLE 5.5)
Axis distance provided (soffit) asoffp=60.5 mm
Axis distance provided (sides) asidep=60.5 mm
The beam breadth 250 mm and selected 40 mm nominal soffit cover
and 40 mm nominal beam side cover will provide a fire period
of 1 hour/s, hence satisfactory.
Section properties
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Overall depth of section h=400 mm
Breadth of section b=250 mm
Effective depth of section d=340 mm
THE Page: 2
PN2405-01 Made by: JH
Date: 08.07.24
Ref No: C702
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Office: 1028
Main reinforcement
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Partial safety factor for steel gams=1.15
Char yield strength of reinft. fyk=fy=500 N/mm²
Partial safety factor for conc. gamc=1.5
Char cylinder compress strength fck=30 N/mm² (concrete)
Design yield strength of reinft. fyd=fyk/gams=500/1.15=434.8 N/mm²
It is usual practice in the UK to restrict x/d to 0.45
Limit on factor delta=0.85
Factor K'=0.597*delta-0.18*delta^2-0.209
=0.597*0.85-0.18*0.85^2-0.209
=0.1684
Factor K=M*1E6/(b*d^2*fck)
=150*1E6/(250*340^2*30)
=0.173
Lever arm z=d/2*(1+SQR(1-3.529*K'))
=340/2*(1+SQR(1-3.529*0.1684))
=278.3 mm
Depth to neutral axis x=2.5*(d-z)=2.5*(340-278.3)
=154.3 mm
Diameter of compression bars diac=12 mm
Depth to compression steel d2=45 mm
Stress fsc=700*(x-d2)/x=700*(154.3-45)/154.3
=495.8 N/mm²
Limit fsc to fyd fsc=fyd=434.8 N/mm²
Area of comp.steel required As2=(K-K')*fck*b*d^2/(fsc*(d-d2))
=(0.173-0.1684)*30*250*340^2
/(434.8*(340-45))
=31.16 mm²
Tension reinforcement As=K'*fck*b*d^2/(fyd*z)+As2*fsc/fyd
=0.1684*30*250*340^2/(434.8*278.3)
+31.16*434.8/434.8
=1238 mm²
Mean width of the tension zone bt=bw=250 mm
Mean value axial tensile strength fctm=0.3*fck^(2/3)=0.3*30^(2/3)
=2.896 N/mm²
Minimum reinforcement required Asmin=0.26*fctm*bt*d/fyk
=0.26*2.896*250*340/500
=128 mm²
Minimum compression steel As2min=0.002*b*h=0.002*250*400
=200 mm²
Revised compression steel area As2=As2min=200 mm²
Breadth of section bw=250 mm
Maximum reinforcement permitted Asmax=0.04*bw*h=0.04*250*400
=4000 mm²
Percentage area steel required rho=100*As/(bw*d)=100*1238/(250*340)
=1.456 %
Number of tension bars required nbart=INT(As/(PI*dia^2/4))+1
=INT(1238/(3.142*25^2/4))+1
=3
Number of bars to be used nbart=4
Area of tension steel provided Aspr=nbart*PI*dia^2/4=4*3.142*25^2/4
=1963 mm²
Number of compression bars nbarc=INT(As2/(PI*diac^2/4))+1
=INT(200/(3.142*12^2/4))+1
=2
THE Page: 3
PN2405-01 Made by: JH
Date: 08.07.24
Ref No: C702
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Office: 1028
Number of bars to be used nbarc=3
Area of compression steel Asprc=nbarc*PI*diac^2/4
=3*3.142*12^2/4
=339.3 mm²
DESIGN Overall depth 400 mm
SUMMARY Effective depth 340 mm
Width of section 250 mm
FLEXURE Parameter K 0.173
Parameter K' 0.1684
Lever arm ratio z/d 0.8185
TENSION REINFORCEMENT Steel area provided 1963 mm²
Diameter of bars 25 mm
Number of bars 4
Steel area required 1238 mm²
Steel percentage req. 1.456 %
Minimum area of steel 128 mm²
Maximum area of steel 4000 mm²
COMPRESSION REINFORCEMENT Steel area provided 339.3 mm²
Diameter of bars 12 mm
Number of bars 3
Steel area required 31.16 mm²
Minimum area required 200 mm²
Spacing of bars - tension reinforcement
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Clear spacing between bars clearm=hagg+5=20+5=25 mm
Modified clear spacing clearm=dia+1=25+1=26 mm
Minimum spacing (sagging moment) clearm=26 mm
Layers of reinforcement layers=2
Maximum number of bars per layer nbars=2
Clear spacing clear=(b-2*(cover+dial)-nbars*dia)/(nbars-1)
=(250-2*(40+8)-2*25)/(2-1)
=104 mm
Maximum effective depth dmin=h-cover-dial-(layers-1)*dia
=400-40-8-(2-1)*25
=327 mm
WARNING: As more than one layer of tension bars is required, ensure an
effective depth corresponding to the position of the centroid
of the reinforcement has been adopted.
Effective depth used in calculations, d=340 mm
Spacing of bars - compression reinforcement
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Minimum spacing (sagging moment) clearm=75 mm
Layers of reinforcement clayers=2
Maximum number of bars/layer ncbar=2
compute comp1=(b-2*(cover+dial)-ncbar*diac)
=(250-2*(40+8)-2*12)
=130
compute comp2=(ncbar-1)=(2-1)=1
Clear spacing clear=comp1/comp2=130/1=130 mm
No 72
