No: ES11-105

Released Date: January 20, 1967

Revised Date: July 27, 2011
EN: ESC000185.000

General
Product Engineering
Specification
Documents and Approvals Electronically Controlled
Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. Hard Copies are “Uncontrolled”

TITLE: WROUGHT STEEL BAR, FORGING QUALITY, CRANKSHAFTS

1.0 SCOPE

1.1 This specification defines the requirements for steel bar used
for forged reciprocating compressor crankshafts.

1.2 It is required that the steel be purchased directly from an approved

mill source (see Source Control Sect. 6.0).

1.3 Only the most recent revisions of standard specifications, such as

ASTM, shall apply herein.

1.4 Components produced using this material are carburize hardened.

The case depth and hardness requirements are noted on the
drawing. Additional heat treat requirements are listed in
paragraph 5.3.

2.0 MATERIAL

2.1 This material must comply with the austenite grain size
requirements set forth herein and be capable of being forged and
carburized. The bar stock shall be hot rolled or hot rolled/cold
finished. Material categorized as UNS 11180 may be used only if it
meets the requirements set forth herein and can meet the carburizing
requirements of the final drawing.

2.2 Chemical Composition

Weight Percent
Item #1 Item #2 Item #3
SAE 1118 (20Cr)
UNS G11180
Carbon .14 - .20 .14- .20 0.18 to 0.24
Manganese 1.30 -1.60 1.45-1.60 0.5 to 0.8
Phosphorus .04 max. .04 max. 0.035 max

Sulfur .08 - .13 .08- .13 0.035 max

Silicon .35 max. .35 max. 0.17 to 0.37
Copper .35 max. .35 max. .35 max
 ES11-105
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Weight Percent
Item #1 Item #2 Item #3

Chromium .15 max. .10- .20 0.7 to 1.0

Aluminum .03 max. .03 max. ----------
Nickel .25 max. . 25 max. ----------
Molybdenum .06 max. . 06 max. ----------
Niobium .04 max. .04 max. ----------
Vanadium .05 max. .05 max. ----------

Item 4 Item 5 Item 6

AISI 8620 AISI 5120 16MnCr5
UNS G86200 UNS G51200
Carbon 0.18-0.23 0.17-0.22 0.14-0.19
Manganese 0.70-0.90 0.70-0.90 1.00-1.30
Phosphorous 0.035 max 0.035 max 0.035 max
Sulfur 0.040 max 0.040 max 0.035 max
Silicon 0.15-0.35 0.15-0.35 0.40 max
Copper 0.35 max 0.35 max 0.35 max
Chromium 0.40-0.60 0.70-0.90 0.80-1.10
Aluminum 0.03 max 0.03 max 0.03 max
Nickel 0.40-0.70 0.25 max 0.25 max
Molybdenum 0.15-0.25 0.06 max 0.06 max
Niobium 0.04 max 0.04 max 0.04 max
Vanadium 0.05 max 0.05 max 0.05 max

2.2.1 When ES11-105 is referenced and no Item Number is

specified, Item 1 shall be used.

2.2.2 Intentionally grain refined steel may be used, to meet the

requirements herein. It is required, however, that the
melt practice remain consistent, once approved, unless
written permission from Emerson Climate Technologies
Engineering is secured (This is critical to ensure a
consistent grain size and to prevent forging tears as well
as heat treatment difficulties). Only fully killed steels
shall be used.

2.2.3 Item 2 constitutes a composition with higher hardenability

for use on specific crankshafts.

3.0 MICROSTRUCTURE AND SOUNDNESS

3.1 The material shall exhibit the following average grain size of
For Induction Heat Forging: ASTM E112 size 3.5 to 8.0

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For Fossil Fuel Heat Forging (or other similar slow heating
process): ASTM E112 size 5.0 to 8.0.

Note: Induction heating forging is the preferred method. Coarser

grain practice steel is allowed with this induction process of heating
because the shorter heating times minimize the chance of large grain
growth prior to actual forging. Large grains (low ASTM grain number)
can cause forging tears. Conversely, excessively fine grains can
create difficulties in achieving adequate carburizing case depth.

3.2 Bars must be free from visible pipe and external defects, such as
seams, penetrating deeper than 1.6% of the hot rolled diameter.
Defects shall not be deep enough to show through subsequent
forging operations.

3.3 Internal soundness shall meet the requirements of ASTM E381 ratings;
R3, S3, and C3 on Plate 1. This requirement applies to the billet and
final hot rolled bars.

3.4 The microscopic non-metallic inclusion rating shall not exceed S5

and O6 from Plate 2 Method C of ASTM E45. This requirement is
intended for inclusions such as silica or alumina and is not
applicable to the manganese sulfide inclusions which may be a
normal part of this material.

3.5 The manganese sulfide inclusions, if present, shall be finely

dispersed, rather than segregated. Angular inclusions of any type
are not allowed.

4.0 MANUFACTURE OF FORGINGS

4.1 Forgings exhibiting evidence of reheating defects, such as burning,

cracking, or excessive decarburization will be rejected.

4.2 Forging defects such as; folds, seams, flash cracks, forged-in scale,
or other mechanical defects will be cause for rejection.

5.0 QUALITY CONTROL

5.1 Control at Steel Supplier

5.1.1 The Supplier shall use statistical process control methods

during the manufacturing cycle. As an alternate to 100%
testing, compliance with paragraph 3.4 may be
statistically established.

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5.1.2 With each heat of steel shipped to Emerson Climate
Technologies, the Mill Supplier shall submit a
certification stating compliance to ES11-105. In
addition, the Certification shall state; the heat
chemistry, heat lot number, grain size, part number and
quantity.

5.1.3 When requested, the heat treater shall also receive a copy
of the Mill Certification for his records.

5.2 Control at Emerson Climate Technologies

5.2.1 The Bill of Lading and Mill Certification should be checked again
requirements of this specification.

5.2.2 The Materials Laboratory shall periodically select samples from e

heat to verify compliance with this specification.

5.3 Control at the Heat Treater

Components produced using this material are carburize hardened.

The case depth and hardness requirements are noted on the drawing.
Additional heat treat requirements are listed in this paragraph.

Parts to be carburized shall be processed to meet the requirements

of the following (conforming to AMS 2759):

Case depth and case hardness shall be as specified on the drawing.

Surface carbon shall be 0.70 to 1.00%. Retained austenite shall
not exceed 10%. Intergranular carbides shall be scattered and
discontinuous and shall not be evident in more than 40% of the
grain boundaries.

Intergranular oxidation shall not exceed 0.0005 inch (0.013 mm) in

depth from the unmachined surface.
Any intergranular carbides on a finish machined working surface
shall be scattered and discontinuous and shall not be evident in
more than 40% of the grain boundaries. Only dispersed
intergranular spheroidal (secondary) carbides are permitted more
than two grains below the finish machined working surface.
Massive or blocky carbides are unacceptable.

The microstructure of a finished part shall not show evidence of

retained austenite in excess of 10% (reference Figure 16 on page
220 of ASM Metals Handbook, Volume 9, 9th Edition, shown below.
Reprinted with permission of ASM International. All rights
reserved. www.asminternational.org). If interpretation of the
microstructure is questionable, or if it appears to represent

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 ES11-105
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retained austenite in excess of this figure, x-ray diffraction
shall be performed to determine the acceptability. When inspected
by x-ray diffraction, retained austenite greater than 10% is
unacceptable.

Case Microstructure: Shall be predominantly tempered martensite.

Figure 16 from ASM handbook.

4620 (Nickel-molybdenum alloy steel) Material details UNS number:

G46200
Condition: Carburized (Gas carburized 8 h at 940 deg C (1725 deg
F), austenitized at 820 deg C (1510 deg F), oil quenched, tempered
1 h at 180 deg C (360 deg F), and retempered 2 h at 230 deg C (450
deg F).)

Product form: Unspecified product form

Method: Light microscope (Optical)
Etchant: Nital, Original magnification: 1000×
Series details: Series title: 4620 steel, gas carburized
Description: Structure is tempered martensite, lower bainite,
dispersed carbide, and 10% retained austenite (by x-ray).
Source: Atlas of Microstructures of Industrial Alloys, Vol 7,
Metals Handbook, 8th ed., page 58 ASM International, 1972

6.0 SOURCE CONTROL

Only the following Mill Sources shall be used for this material:

Gerdau-Ameristeel Corporation Alton Steel

300 Ward Road P.O. Box 576
Midlothian, TX 76065 Alton, IL 62002
(Item 1 only) (Item 1 only)

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Gerdau Macsteel Gerdau Ameristeel Corportion
P.O. Box 1101 P.O. Box 64189
Jackson, MI 49204 1678 Red Rock Road
(Item 2 only) Saint Paul, MN 55164
(Item 1 only)

Shi Jiazhuang Iron & Steel Co., Ltd

363 Heping Donglu 050031
Shi Jiazhuang Hebei China
Saint Paul, MN 55164

Xining Special Steel Co., Ltd Gerdau Macsteel

No. 52 Chaidamu West Road P. O. Box 12003000
Xining Qinghai China East Front St.
Monroe, MI 48161

EF 8.1.00.06