MANAYARA REGION PHYSIC 1 MARKING SCHEME 2024

1. SOLN (01@ = 10Marks)

i ii iii iv v vi vii Viii ix x
C A C A D B A C B E

2. SOLN (01@ = 06 Marks)

LIST A i ii Iii iv V vi
LIST B F E D C B A

3. (a) It is because to avoid water from splashing hence decreases the level of water which may
𝟏
lead into incorrect reading of water level. (03𝟐 𝑴𝒂𝒓𝒌𝒔)

(b) (i) Volume below the stem, Vbulb = required

𝐴ℎ𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 1
Vbulb = (00 mark)
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥−𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 2
0.5𝑐𝑚2×18𝑐𝑚×0.8𝑔/𝑐𝑚3
Vbulb = 1.0𝑔 0.8𝑔 (01mark)
−
𝑐𝑚3 𝑐𝑚3

Vbulb = 36cm3

The volume below 1.0 mark graduation = 36cm3 (01marks)

(ii) The height of 0.9 mark

𝐴ℎ𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 1
From volume of bulb = (00 mark)
𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥−𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 2
0.5𝑐𝑚2×ℎ×0.9𝑔/𝑐𝑚3
36cm3 = 1.0𝑔 0.9𝑔 (01mark)
−
𝑐𝑚3 𝑐𝑚3

36cm3 0.1g/cm3
h= 0.5cm2 0.9g/cm3 (00
1
mark)
2

h = 8cm

The height of 0.9mark graduation = 8cm (01marks)

4. (a) Data given

Refractive index of Red,  R  1.39
Refractive index of Green,  G  1.44
Refractive index of Blue,  B  1.47
The critical angle for each colour is required
i. The critical angel for red, C R  Re quired
1 1
From the formula, refractive angle,  (00 Mark)
SinC 2

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 1 1
C  Sin 1 ( ) ( (00 Mark )
 2
1
Thus, C R  Sin 1 ( )  460 (001 Mark)
1.39
ii. The critical angle for green, CG  Re quired
1
C G  Sin 1 ( )  43.980 (001 Mark)
1.44
iii. The critical angel for blue, C B  Re quired
1
C B  Sin 1 ( )  42.860 (001 Mark)
1.47
Consider the figure below

(001 Mark)
0
So, the angle of incidence for all colours is 45 for total internal reflection to occur, the
angle of incidence must be greater the critical angle and the light ray must travel from
more dense material to less dense material.
Therefore, the critical angle of green and blue colour is less than the angle of incidence.
Hence, green and blue colours will undergo total internal reflection. (001 Mark)

1
(b) (i) It is because blood pressure is slightly greater than the atmospheric pressur @ 01 Marks)
2

(ii) It is because atmospheric pressure acts equally in all directions.

5. (a) Data given,

Mass, M = m
Angle to the horizontal,   60 0
1
Acceleration, a  g
2
Required to show that,  k  3  1
Consider the diagram below

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 (001 Mark)

Assume, the body is sliding down the plane, hence F‹ Fr

1
Fnet  F  Fr (00 Mark )
2
Fnet  MgSin600   k R (001 Mark)

Fnet  MgSin600   k MgCos600

1
But, Fnet  Ma (00 Mark )
2
Ma  MgSin600   k MgCos600
a  gSin600   k gCos600
1
g  gSin600   k gCos600
2
1 3 1
  k  (001 Mark)
2 2 2
1  3  k
 k  3  1, hence shown (001 Mark)
(b) Yes, it is possible for the two forces to produce a resultant of 5 N
This happen when the two forces F1 and F2 are moving in the same direction as it is shown
below
F1 = 8N
(001 Mark)
F2 = 3N
Resultant, RF1F 2  F1  F2 (001 Mark)
RF1F 2  8N  3N

R  5N , hence shown (002 Mark)

6. (a) Data given
km
Speed of boat, Vb  30
h
km
Speed of water, Vw  4
h
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 Width of water, D  150m

Consider the diagram below

Vb Sin

km
Vb  30 (001 Mark)
h

km
Vw  4
h

i. Angle of bank,   Re quired

Adjucent 1
From Cos  (00 Mark )
Hypotenuse 2
km
4
Cos  h (001 Mark)
km
30
h
  Cos 1 (0.1333) (001 Mark)
  82 20
0 /

The angle of bank = 820 20 /

ii. The time the boat crosses the river, t  required
Dis tan ce 1
From V  (00 Mark )
Time 2
D
t but V  Vb Sin
V
0.15km
t (001 Mark)
km
30  Sin820 20/
h
t  0.005h
In seconds t, = 18sec
The time the boat will cross the river = 18sec (001 Mark)

(b) The action suggests that, the electrostatic force weakens as the charges get far apart and
grows strong as they get close to each other. (003 Mark)

7. (a) Data given

Number of teeth of gear wheel A, N A  20
Number of teeth of gear wheel B, N B  40
Weight, W  400N
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 Load, l  600N
i. Velocity ratio, V.R = Required
a) When A drives B
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟 1
From, V.R = 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑔𝑒𝑎𝑟 (00 Mark )
2

NB 1
V .R  (00 Mark )
NA 2
40
V .R 
20
V .R  2
1
The velocity ratio when A drives B = 2 (00 Mark )
2
b) When B drives A, V.R = Required
NA 1
V .R  (00 Mark )
NB 2
20
V .R 
40
1
V .R  0.5 (00 Mark )
2
The velocity ratio when B drives A = 0.5
ii. The efficiency,   required
M .A 1
From efficiency,    100% (00 Mark )
V .R 2
(a) When A drives B
600N
1
  400N  100%  75% (00 Mark )
2 2
The efficiency when A drives B = 75%
(b) When B drives A
600N
1
  400N  100%  300% (00 Mark )
0.5 2
1
The efficiency when B drives A = 300% (00 Mark )
2

(b) The best position is C (004Marks)

Reason: It is because the portion of fluid which is heated becomes less dense and rises,
while cooler fluid moves down to replace the rising warmer fluid.

8. (a) It is because the amplitude of surface wave diminishes less rapidly with distance than the
amplitude of Primary or Secondary waves; surface waves are often the most important
component of ground shaking far from Earthquake source. (004Marks)

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 (b) Data given
g
Density, 1  1.26
cm 3
g
Density,  2  1.3 3
cm
Temperature, 1  200 C
Temperature,  2  Re quired
Volume expansivity,   53  105 / C
Note: For the sphere to flow in glycerine, the glycerine must be heated so as the density
must change from 1.26g/cm3 to 1.3glcm3. That is to say the sphere will float when it has the
same density.

From the formula,

1
V2  V1 (1    Changeint emperature) (00 Mark )
2
1
But M 1  M 2 thus, 1V1   2V2 (00 Mark )
2
1V 1
Thus, V2  1
(00 Mark )
2 2
1V1
 V1 (1  53  105 / C ( 2  200 C ) (01Mark)
2
g
1.26
cm 3  1  53  105 / C (  200 C ) (01Mark)
2
g
1.3 3
cm
0.9692  1  53  105 / C ( 2  200 C )
1
 0.0307  53  105 / C ( 2  200 C ) (00 Mark )
2

 0.00307
  2  200 C )
53  10 5 / C
 2  58.060 C  200 C  38.10 C (01Mark)
0
Therefore, the glycerine should be cooled at -38.1 C so that the hollow glass sphere begin to
float.
𝟏
9. (a) (i) - Uranium is the fuel most middles used to produce energy (Nuclear energy) (02𝟐 Mark)

Nuclear energy produces electricity that can be used to power homes, schools, industries
and hospitals.

(ii) Geiger-Muller counter registers pulse even though no radioactive substance is anywhere
near the Geiger- Muller tube due to background radiation. Background radiation are random
𝟏
radiation from cosmic rays which pass into G-M tube and produce ionization. (02𝟐 Marks)

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 (b) Difference isotopes differ at least by 1 neutron,

That is,

A1  108 A2  109 A3  110 …… An  Re quired

Since there are 25 isotopes, n  25

1
From Arithmetic progression, An  A1  (n  1)d (00 Mark )
2

An  108  (25  1)  1 (02Mark)

An  132

Denoted heaviest isotope by the symbol as Az Sn

132 1
Hence the heaviest isotope of Tin will be 50 Sn (02 Mark )
2

(c) Differences between chemical reaction and radioactive reaction (05Marks)

Radioactive reaction Chemical reaction

i. The reaction do not depend on the external -The reaction depends on the physical
physical factors like pressure, temperature factors like temperature, pressure and
or humidity humidity
ii. The reaction do not depend on chemical
combination of the substances which emits -The reaction depends on the
radioactive radiation chemical combination of the
iii. The reaction are not suspended or slowed substance
by catalysts or do not affected by catalyst
iv. The reaction use or releases millions of
calories/ energies -The reaction are speeded or slowed
v. The reaction process are spontaneous down by catalyst or affected by
invisible process which originate from catalyst
unstable nuclei
-The reaction use or releases less
calories/energy
-The reactions are visible and are not
originated from unstable nuclei
10. (a) Differences between echo and reverberation ( Only 4, 01@ ≈04 Marks)

ECHO REVERBERATION
i. It occurs when a long distance is - It occurs when a short
considered of about 17.2m distance is considered.
ii. It is a reflected sound. - It is a multiple reflection of
iii. It occurs when the sound meet an sound.
obstacle. - It occurs in a surface which is
iv. It occurs when a pulse of sound can enclosed completely
be heard twice - It results from a large number
of reflected waves which can
v. It is clear and distinguishable be perceived by the brain as a

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 continuous sound
- It is less clear comparatively

(b) Data given

Length, l = 75cm  0.75m

Mass, M = 8.2 g  0.0082kg

Tension, T = 18N

(i) Mass per unit length,   required

Mass
From  
Length

0.0082kg
 (01 Mark)
0.75m

kg
  0.011
m

Kg
The mass per unit length = 0.011
m

(ii) Fundamental frequency, f 0  required

1 T 1
From fundamental frequency, f 0  (00 Mark )
2l  2

1 18N
f0 
2  0.75m Kg
0.011
m

1 m
f0   1,636.36( ) 2 (01 Mark)
1.5m s

1 m
f0   40.447
1.5m s
f 0  26.96HZ

f 0  27HZ

The fundamental frequency=27HZ (01 Mark)

(iii) First harmonics, f1  required

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 n 1 T 1
From, f n  (00 Mark )
2l  2

First harmonic, n= 1

f1  (n  1) f 0
From

f1  2 f 0
f1  2  27HZ (01 Mark)

f1  57HZ

(01 Mark)
The first harmonic = 57HZ

(iv) The third harmonics n=3 hence, f 3  required

From f n  (n  1) f 0

f 3  (3  1)  27HZ (01 Mark)

f 3  108HZ

The third harmonics = 108HZ (01 Mark)

(c) Aluminium cables are mostly preferred for long transimission of cables because (@01=03Marks)

i. Aluminium has lower density than Copper (It is lighter than Copper therefore easy to
support. Use of copper wires will require very strong poles to support since copper wires
are fairly heavy).
ii. Aluminium is a better conductor of electricity than Copper.
iii. Aluminium does not corrode easily, unlike Copper.
11. (a) (i) The diagram is named so because both input and output shares the emitter as the
common connection. (01 Mark)

(ii) The function of (01@≈02 Mark)

 C1 is to isolate the D.C components in the circuit and must be of small value.
 C2 is to prevent undesirable feedback of the amplified signal to the base emitter
circuit and must be large.

N.B: C 1 & C 2 : Are coupling capacitors, to provide direct current isolation at the input and
output of the amplifier.

(iii) C2 Must be large so as to prevent undesirable feedback of the amplified signal to the
base-emitter circuit. (01 Mark)
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 (iv) The function of R1 and R2 are potential dividers which provide the base bias.(01
Mark)

(v) The function of R4 in the circuit is to produce the output voltage. (01 Mark)

(b) Differences between cathode ray and x-rays (Only 3 @01 ≈03 Marks)

S/N CATHODE RAYS X-RAYS

i Are negatively charged Have no charge
ii They travel at low speed They travel at high speed
iii They have penetrating power They have penetrating power
iv They are deflected by both They are not deflected by both
magnetic field and electric magnetic and electric field
field

(c) Data given

Primary voltage, VP  240V

Number of turns in primary coil, N p  1000turns

Secondary voltage, Vs  12V

Output power, Pout  24W (lamp)

Current in primary coil, I p  0.125 A

Efficiency of transformer,   Re quired

Outputpower 1
But, Efficiency   100% ( 00 Mark)
Inputpower 2

Vs  I s 1
  100% ( 00 Mark)
Vp  I p 2

Pout
  100% (02 Marks)
Vp  I p

24W
  100%  80% (02 Marks)
240v  0.125A

The efficiency of transformer = 80% (01 Mark)

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