APPENDIX - A

Areas under the standard Normal Curve from 0 to z.

Z 3 4 5 7 8 9
0.0 .0000 .0040 .0080 .0120 .0160 .0199 .0239 .0279 .0319 .0359
0.1 .0398 .0438 .0478 .0517 .0557 .0596 .0636 .0675 .0714 .0754
0.2 .0793 .0832 .0871 .0910 .0948 .0987 .1026 .1064 .1103 .1141
.1179 .1217 .1255 .1406 .1443 .1480 .1517
0.3 .1293 .1331 .1368
.1554 .1591 .1628 .1700 .1736 .1772 .1808 .1844 .1879
0.4 .1664
.1915 .1950 .1985 .2019 .2054 .2088 .2123 .2157 .2190 .2224
0.5
.2258 .2291 .2357 .2389 .2454 .2486 .2518 .2549
0.6 .2324 .2422
.2734 .2764 .2794 .2823 .2852
0.7 .2580 .2612 .2642 .2673 .2704
.3078 .3106 .3133
0.8 .2881 .2910 .2939 .2967 .2996 .3023 3051
.3315 .3340 3365 .3389
.3159 .3186 .3212 .3238 .3264 .3289
0.9 3621
.3508 .3531 .3554 .3577 .3599
1.0 .3413 .3438 .3461 .3485
.3749 .3770 .3790 .3810 .3830
1.1 .3643 .3665 .3686 .3708 .3729
.3962 .3980 3997 4015
3849 .3869 .3888 .3907 .3925 .3944
1.2 .4162 .4177
.4098 .4115 .4131 .4147
.4032 .4049 .4066 .4082
1.3 4306 .4319
.4207 .4222 .4236 .4251 .4265 .4279 .4292
1.4 .4912 4441
.4382 .4394 .4406 .4418 .4429
.4332 .4345 .4357 .4370
1.5 .4515 .4525 .4535 .4545
.4474 4484 .4495 .4505
1.6 .4452 .4463 4633
.4599 4608 .4616 .4625
.4554 .4564 .4573 .4582 .4591
1.7 .4686 .4693 .4699 4706
.4664 .4671 .4678
.4641 .4649 .4656
1.8
.4738 .4744 .4750 .4756.4761 .4767
.4713 .4719 .4726 .4732
1.9 .4798 4803 .4808 4812 .4817
.4783 .4788 .4793
2.0 .4772 .4778 .4846 .4850 .4854 .4857
.4834 .4838 .4842
.4821 .4826 .4830 4887 4890
2. .4875 .4878 .4881 .4884
.4868 .4871
2.2 .4861 .4864 .4909 .4911 .4913 .4916
.4901 .4904 .4906
.4896 .4898 .4934 .4936
2.3 .4893 .4929 .4931 .4932
.4922 .4925 .4927 .4951 .4952
2.4 .4918 .4920 .4946 .4948 .4949
.4943 .4945
.4940 .4941 .4961 .4962 .4963 .4964
2.5 .4938 .4959 .4960
.4956 .4957
2.6 .4953 .4955 .4969 .4970 .4971 .4972 .4973 .4974
.4967 .4968 .4979 .4979 .4980 .4981
.4966
2.7 .4965
.4977 .4977 .4978 .4985 .4986 4986
.4975 .4976 .4984 .4985
2.8 .4974 .4983 .4984 .4990 .4990
.4982 .4989 .4989
.4981 .4982 .4988 .4988 .4989
2.9 .4887
.4987 .4987
3.0
 PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS A
A.2

APPENDIX - B
Values of ty
0.j0 a=0.02 a = 0.01
C=90} a= 0.05
Y a =0.20 31.821 63.657 1
6.314 12.706
1 3.078 6.965 9.925 2
4.303
1.886 2.920 5.841 3
3.182 4.541
1.638 2.353 4.304 4
2.776 3.747
4 1.533 2.132 4.032 5
3.365
1.476 2.015 2.571
5

2.447 3.143 3.707 6

6 1.440 1.943
2.365 2.998 3.499 7
7 1.415 1.895
1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355
1.397
2.262 2.821 3.250
1.383 1.833
2.228 2.764 3.169 10
10 1,372 1.812

11 1.363 1.796 2.201 2,718 3.106 11

12 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 12
13 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 13
14 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 14
15 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 15

16 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.583 2.921 16

17 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 17
18 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 18
19 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 19
20 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 20

21 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 21

22 1.321 1.717 2 074 2.508 2.819 22
23 1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 23
24 1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 24
25 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2,787 25
26 1.315 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779 26
27 1.314 1.703. 2.052 2.473
28 1.313 1,701 2.771 27
2.048 2.467
29 1.311 1.699 2.763 28
2.045 2.462
inf. 1.282 1.645 2.756 29
1.960
2.326 2.576 inf.
ENDIX 19.50
8.535.63
5.664.37
4.40 3.67
3.70|3.23
3.27|2.93
2.972.71
2.752.54 2.452.302.21
2.58 2.40
254 2.252.13
2.182.07
2.11 2.01
2.061.96:931.881.84
1.90 1.81
1.871.78
1.841.761.791.71
1.81| 1.77| 1.62
1.681.51
A.3
1.471.251.00
1.73 1.581.39 1.22
120 25319.50
8.55
2.011.971.93
1.98 1.35
19.50/
8.575.694.43 3.743.303.012.792.62
252 2.66 2.49|
2.382.302.222.16 2.112.062.02 1.95 1.921.89|1.86
60 1.91!1.891.82 1.741.64
1.84 1.531.431.32
1.39|
19.50|
8.595.72 3.77 2.83
251 4.46 3.343.04 2.532.382.342.272.20 2.152.102.062.031.99 1.961.94
40 1.87 1.791.691.591.5o
19.50ol 4.50| 3.81
30 250 8.625.75 3.122.86|
3.843.38
3.41|
3.082.90|2.70 2.572.472.38
1.791.65!
2.192.112.072.04 2.011.981.961.941.92 1.84
2.312.25 2.192.15 1.89|
1.74 1.55
1.611.46
19.50|
8.665.77|
8.64 5.804.53 2.74 2.612.512.422.352.29 2.24 2.15 1.70| 152
249 2.11
2.162.08 2.052.032.01
2.19| 1.981.96
2.05|
24
19.40| 4.56| 3.87|
3.44|3.15|
2.942.77 2.652.542.462.392.33 2.282.23 2.12 2.102.07 2.032.01 1.931.841.751.661.57
248
numerator
20
19.40
8.705.864.62 3.943.57|3.22
4.00|
3.51 3.28|
3.01
3.072.85 2.722.622.53|2.462.40 2.352.31
3.14| 2.382.27
2.34| 2.20 2.182.152.132.11
2.23
2.31| 2.16| 2.01
2,18|
2.09 1.84
1.921,751.67
2.091.92
2.00|
15 246
19.40
8.815.914.68
8.74
8.79 2.91
2.98 2.792.692.712.532.48 2.42
2.60
2.67
2.75| 2.49| 2.28 2.252.232.20 1.831.75
1.83|
for 12 244
C freedom
-APPENDIX
Fo.05
ofValues 19.40 5.964.74| 4.063.643.35 2.85
2.90| 2.602.54 2.452.412.382.35| 2.322.30|
2.34|
2.40|
2.272.252.24
2.28 2.081.991.91
2.34 2.16
2.21|
242
10

of 19.406.004.77 4.103.683.39
241
3.233.02 2.80 2.65
3.443.18 2.64 2.54|
2.70
2.76|
2.59 2.592.49
2.552.46
2.51| 2.39 2.37 2.322.30
2.42
2.48| 2.36| 2.122.041.961.88
1.94
Degrees
9
l 19.40|
8.856.044.82 4.153.73 2.912.77
3.07 2.95 2.852.83 2.45 2.42 2.37| 2.272.182.102.02
239
8
Y1= 8.89)6.09l
19.40 4.88 4.213.793.503.293.14| 3.01 2.71| 2.662.612.582.54|2.51 2.492.462.442.422.40| 2.332.252.17|2.092.01
237
19.30 6.16|4.95 4.28
8.94| 4.39| 3.012.702.662.632.6O 2.572.552.532.512.49| 2.422.342.252.18|
3.973.583.373.22 3.093.002.922.852.79 2.74
3.87 2.85 2.10
234
19.30| 2.90| 2.822.64|
3.06) 2.812.772.742.71 2.682.66 2.21|
2.622.60) 2.532.452.372.29|
9.016.265.05 3.693.48
3.63
3.863.33 3.363.113.03
3.71| 3.20
3.48 3.18
3.412.96
3.11|
230
2.87 2.84 2.802.782.76 2.692.612.532.452.37|
5
19.20| 5.144.123.84|
9.126.395.19 4.53
4.76| 3.26
3.49 3.552.90
2.962.933.13|
3.16|
225
4
19.20
19.00
18.50l
9.28
9.55
10.10|5.41
6.59
6.94| 4.354.07| 3.59 3.68 3.24
3.343.29 3.63
4.49
3.20 4.35 3.07|
3.10
3.49| 3.47
4.323.05
3.44
4.303.03
3.42 4.24 2.922.84|
3.402.99
4.283.013.39 3.152.682.60|
2.76|
216
4.173.23 3.073.00|
3
5.79 4.744.46| 4. 3.98|
4.26|10| 4.843.89
4.753.81
4.673.74
4.60| 3.59 3.52 3.32
200
161
2 3.84|,
5.995.595.325.124.96 4.54 3.454.414.38 4.26| 4.084.00|3.92
7.716.61
of|
Degrees
12=
for denominator
freedom
10 16 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 25 30 40 60 120
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 21
A.4 PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS
99.5013.50
26.10 5.82
5.74
5.65
9.02 6.88 3.91 3.78|
4.00
4.834.31
4.95 3.69
3.60
4,052|5,000|5,403|5,625|5,764|5,859|5,9285,9826,023|6,056|6,106|6,157|6,209|6,235|6,26
3.54
3.45
3.363.34|
3.173.00
3.25 3.05|
2.96 2.75.
2.652.66|
2.87 2.75 2.57
2.58 .2.362.312.262.21
2.492.42 2.46 2.312.17 2.011.801.601.39147
1.32
1.00

99.5013.70|-13.60l
26.20 9.11 6.97 4.40 2.40|2.35 2.45 2.111.92
2.021.84|
120 3.18|
3.09 2.84 2.52 2.27 2.21
2.36| 1.53
1.66
1.73

99.50
26.30 9.20 7.06 5.20
5.034.65
5.124.57|
4.484.08 2.932.832.752.84
2.76|
2.67|
2.61 2.552.58
2.78|
2.69| 2.452.49)
2.40|
2.502.54|
60
99.50| 9.29 7.145.99
13.70
26.40 5.91 4.17 3.863.623.433.273.13 3.023.00|
2.922.92- 2.39)2.20|
2.302.11
4.25 2.84 2.64 1.94
2.031.761.59
40
99.50|
26.50 9.38 7.23
13.80 3.943.703.513.353.21 3.10 1.86/
2.88
2.80
2.722.752.622.66|
2.582.62
2.672.70| 2.53 1.70
30
99.50|
26.60|9.47| 7.40|
13.90 4.33) 4.023.78|
7.316.075.284.73| 3.593.51
3.433.29 3.183.083.002.922.86 2.472.29) 1.951.79
2.12
24
99.40|
14.00|
26.70|9.55 4.41 4.10|
6.165.364.96|
4.814.56| 4.013.82 3.37 3.26|3.163.23
3.863.66| 3.083.0o2.94 3.12
2.982.782.74|
2.833.07
2.93 2.70 2.552.37|2.20|
2.03|
1.88
20
numerator
26.90|
99.4014.20| 7.566.31 3.663.52 3.413.31| 3.153.09 3.17|
3.03| 2.892.99
9.72 5.52 4.25 2,85 2.84|
2.702.66)
2.522.35
19
2.34|
2. 2.18
2.50 2.04
15
99.40|
27.10|
14.40|
9.89) 7.726.475.675.114.71| 4.40|4.164.19
for12 3.963.803.67| 3.553.463.373.303.46
4.10| 3.37|
3.23 3.03
APPENDIX
-D freedom 99.40| 10.10|7.87|
Values
of
Fo.o1 10 14.50
27.20 6.625.815.264.85| 4.544.30| 3.94|3.80 3.69| 3.59|
3.513.43 3.313.263.213.17|
3.13| 2.98|
2.80
2.632.472.32|
14.70|
99.40|
27.30| 3.30|
of 6.726.03
10.20 8.107.98
5.915.47 3.89 3.89|
5.354.94 4.634.39 4.034.00 3.78|
3.93
3.79
3.68|
3.603.52 3.51|
3.40| 3.073.12
3.35 3.263.22 3.30
3.45 3.172.99
2.892.952.82
2.722.56|
2.41
9
Degrees
99.40)
27.50l
14.80
10.30 5.06 4.744.504.304.14 3.713.633.70|
3.56) 3.41|
6.84 3.363.32 2.66
2.51
8
Y1= 15.00|l
99.40|
27.70|10.50|8.26| 4.444.284.14| 4.03 3.843.77
6.996.185.80
5.615.39|
5.20 5.07 4.86
4.62
4.89|4.64 3.593.543.50|
3.64|
3.76 3.46 2.79|
2.64
99.30|
27.90 10.70|8.477.19)
15.20 6.37 5.06
4.82 4.464.56 4.204.34
4.32 4.44 4.014.17|
3.94|4:10|
4.10|4.25| 3.81 3.71|3.673.63 3.473.293.122.962.80
3.87 4.04|
99.30|
28.20 11.00|8.757.857.46
15.50 6.636.99|
6.42
6.066.55
5.99
5.64 5.32 4.70 3.99|3.943.903.86 4.02
3.70|3.83 3.95
3.48
3.17
3.02
3.513.65
3.34
5
99.20|
28.70|11.40j9.15 7.01
16.00 6.22
5.67| 5.215.044.89 4.774.674.584.504.43| 4.37|
5.415.74 4.314.264.224.18 3.32
4
99.20|
29.50 12.10|9.788.457.59)
16.7o 5.95 5.56
5.42 5.295.198.29
8.68
6.36 6.015.014.94 8.02
5.098.19
5.93 5.78|
4.874.827.88
4.764.727.77
5.66| 5.57| 4.514.317.08
4.68 7.56)
5.39 4.98
4.13 3.78
3
99.00|
30.80 13.30|10.90|
18.00 9.558.6510.60
8.0210.00|
7.56| 9.65
7.216.936.706.51 8.53
6.238.40
6.11 8.10]
5.85 7.31
5.18| 6.85|
4.61
4.79
2 5.72 5.61
98.50|
34.10 16.30 13.70|
21.20 11.30|
12.20 9.339.078.86| 7.95 7.82 6.63
1
|of
for denominator
freedom
Degrees
1 2 3 6 10 11 12 13 14 15
9 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 30 4060 120
Y2=
APPENDIX
A.5
APPENDIX - E
c=0.995 = 0.99
Values of x
= 0.975 a=
0.95
10.0000393 0.000157 0.000982 0.00393 = 0.05
2 0.0100 0.0201 3.841
a.=0.025 = 0.01 = 0.005|
0.0506 0.103 5.024 6.635 -7.879 1
0.0717 0.115 0.216 5.991 7.378 9.210
4 0.207 0.352 7.815 9.348
10.597
0.297 0.484 0.711 11.345 12.838
5 0.412 0.554 9.488 11.143 13.277
0.831 1.145 14.860 4
11.070 12.832 15.056 16.750 5
6 0.676 0.872 1.237
0.989 1.635 12.592 14.449 16.812
7 1.239 1.690 2.167 14.067
18.548|
1.344 1.646 16.013 18.475 20.273|
2.180 2.733 15.507 17.535
1.735 2.088 2.700 20.090 21.955
3.325 16.919 19.023 21.666 23.589 9
10| 2.156 2.558 3.247 3.940 18.307 20.483 23.209 25.188| 10
11 2.603 3.053 3.816 4.575 19.675 21.920 24.725 26.757| 11
12 3:074 3.571 4.404 5.226 21.026 23.337 26.217 28.300 12
13 3.565 4.107 5.009 5.892 22.362 24.736 27.688 29.819 13
14 4.075 4.660 5.629 6.571 23.685 26.119 29.141 31.319 14
15 4.601 5.229 6.262 7.261 24.996 27.448 30.578 32.801 15
16 5.142 5.812 6.908 7.962 26.296 28.845 32.000 34.267| 16
17 5.697 6.408 7.564 8.672 27.587 30.191 33.409 35.718| 17
18 6.265 7.015 8.231 9.390 28.869 31.526 34.805 37.156 18
19 6.844 7.633 8.907 10.117 30.144 32.852 36.191 38.582 19
20 7.434 8.260 9.591 10.851 31.410 34.170 37.566 39.997| 20

21 8.034 8.897 10.283 11.591 32.671 35.479 38.932 41.401 21

8.643 9.542 10.982 12.338 33.924 36.781 40.289 42.796| 22
22
10.196 11.689 13.091 35.172 38.076 41.638 44.181 23
23 9.260
9.886 10.856 12.401 13.484 36.415 39.364 42.980 45.558 24
24 46.928| 25
13.120 14.611 37.652 40.646 44.314
25 10.520 11.524

13.844 15.379 38.885 41.923 45.642 48.290| 26

26 11.160 12.198
16.151 40.113 43.194 46.963 49.645 27
27 11.808 12.879 14.573 50.993 28
15.308 16.928 41.337 44.461 48.278
28! 12.461 13.565 52.336| 29
17.708 42.557 45.772 49.588
13.121. 14.256 16.047
29 18.493 43.773 46.979 50.392 53.672 30
13.787 14.953 16.791
30
26.509 55.758 59.342 63.691 66.766 40
40| 20.706 22.164 24.433 79.490| 50
32.357 34.764 67.505 71.420 76.154
50| 27.991 29.707 88.379 91.952 60
40.482 43.118 79.082 83.298
60 35.535 37.485 100.425 104.215 70
43.275 45.442 48.758 51.739 90.531 95.023
70
101,879. 106.629 112.329 116.321 80
51.172 53.540 57.153 60.391
80 113.145 118.136 124.116 128.299| 90
59.196 61.754 65.646 69.126
90| 135.807 140.169100
67.328 70.065 74.222 77.929 124.342 129.561
100|