Fractions And Decimals Exercise 2.1 Question 1: Solve: oo ae pe 5 ay 8 iy 5 7 9 4 742.3 92431 (iv) 11 15 (wy 10S 2 wy 32 7_4x8_ 7 _(4x8)+7 tool jy) 8 8 8 8 3,2 _ 3x7, 2x5 1+10_ 31 4ST OL = (iy 57 5x7 7x5 3535 9 4 9x15 (v) 11S Tbas 4x11 17_29_17x4_29_ 68-29 _39 wi) 2.8 2 8 x4 8 8BQuestion 2: Arrange the following in descending order: 228 137 () 973721 iy 577710 Changing them to like fractions, we obtain 2x7_14 9 9x7 63 2_2x21_42 33x21 63 (8 8x3_ 24 21 2x3. 68 Since 42>24>14, "T1070 ere 10 107 70 As 49 > 30>14, 301 >S>s 7 7 “10 5Question 3: In a “magic square”, the sum of the numbers in each row, in each column and along the diagonal is the same. Is this a magic square? 4 9 2 | (Along the first row 1 3 £ 7 ll u in] s [1 | 6 ll u in| Answer: Along the first row, sum = Along the first column, sum= 1 Il 11 It 9 ‘Along the second column, sum = I! Along the third column, sum ‘Along the first diagonal, sum2,58 15 Along the second diagonal, sum=!1 11 Il 11 Since the sum of the numbers in each row, in each column, and along the diagonals is the same, it is a magic square. Question 4: 1 A rectangular sheet of paper is 1 cm long and 3 cm wide. Find its perimeter. Answer: Perimeter = 2 x (Length + Breadth) 4] 39_ 139 138 139 < 46hem 3 3 75+64| [eee 6 Question 5: Find the perimeters of (i) AABE (ii) the rectangle BCDE in this figure. Whose perimeter is greater?Answer: (i) Perimeter of ABE = AB + BE + EA (: 3 3) (; u 8) 42=43=| s[2+—+— 2°45) (2°45 = (5x10 | 1x5, 18x4) \2x10° 4x5" 3x4) (il) Now, we have to find the perimeter of the rectangle, We know that, Perimeter of the rectangle = 2 x (length + breadth) Then, Perimeter of rectangle BCDE = 2 x (BE + ED) = 2x [(11/4) + (7/6)] The LCM of 4,6 = 12 Now, let us change each of the given fractions into an equivalent fraction having 20 as the denominator = 2x {{(11/4) x (3/3)] + [(7/6) x (2/2)]} = 2x (33/12) + (14/12)] = 2x (83+ 14)/12] = 2x (47/12) = 47/6 Ea Finally, we have to find which one is having a greater perimeter.Perimeter of triangle ABE = (177/20) Perimeter of rectangle BCDE = (47/6) The two perimeters are in the form of unlike fractions. Changing perimeters into like fractions we have, (177/20) = (177/20) (3/3) = 531/60 (43/6) = (43/6) x (10/10) = 430/60 Clearly, (531/60) > (430/60) Hence, (177/20) > (43/6) =. Perimeter of Triangle ABE > Perimeter of Rectangle (BCDE) Question 6: 7 Salil wants to put a picture in a frame. The picture is cm wide. 3 To fit in the frame the picture cannot be more than !0 cm wide. How much should the picture be trimmed? Answer: Width of picture = 5 7— =— cm Required width= 10 10 The picture should be trimmed byQuestion 7: 3 Ritu ate 5 part of an apple and the remaining apple was eaten by her brother Somu. How much part of the apple did Somu eat? Who had the larger share? By how much? Answer: Part of apple eaten by Ritu = Part of apple eaten by Somu = 1 - Part of apple eaten by Ritu Therefore, Somu ate 5 part of the apple. Since 3 > 2, Ritu had the larger share. 3.2.1 Difference between the 2 shares=5 5 5 1 Therefore, Ritu’s share is larger than the share of Somu by 5 Question 8: i Michael finished colouring a picture in !2 hour. Vaibhav finished colouring the 3 same picture in 4 hour. Who worked longer? By what fraction was it longer? Answer:7 hr Time taken by Michael = !2 Time taken by Vaibhav = Converting these fractions into like fractions, we obtain Since 9 > 7, Vaibhav worked longer. 9 Difference = Exercise 2.2 Question 1: Which of the drawings (a) to (d) show: 2 axt 3x2 xk 1 @° Say” 2 (iy 3 iy 4 (a)(a) Answer: xt (i) 5 represents addition of 2 figures, each representing 1 shaded part out of 5 equal 1 2x parts. Hence, 5 is represented by (d). 2x (ii) represents addition of 2 figures, each representing 1 shaded part out of 2 1 2x equal parts. Hence, 2. is represented by (b). 3x2 (ii) 3 represents addition of 3 figures, each representing 2 shaded parts out of 3 3x. equal parts. Hence, 3 is represented by (a). 1 3x4 (iv) 4 represents addition of 3 figures, each representing 1 shaded part out of 4 3x equal parts. Hence, 4 is represented by (c). Question 2: Some pictures (a) to (c) are given below. Tell which of them show:3x— 2x. 5 Sq 3 3 iy Oe. @ AAA: AAA (c) Ee —|—— Answer: axt (i) 5 represents the addition of 3 figures, each representing 1 shaded part out of 5 2 axta3 equal parts and 5 represents 3 shaded parts out of 5 equal parts. Hence, 5 5 is represented by (c). 1 dnt (ii) 3 represents the addition of 2 figures, each representing 1 shaded part out of 3 2 equal parts and 3 represents 2 shaded parts out of 3 equal parts. Hence, represented by (a). 3x2 (ii) 4 represents the addition of 3 figures, each representing 3 shaded parts out of 4 1 24 equal parts and 4 represents 2 fully shaded figures and one figure having 1 part as axe2! shaded out of 4 equal parts. Hence, 4 4 is represented by (b)Question 3: Multiply and reduce to lowest form and convert into a mixed fraction: tee txt x8 5x2 @ Sq) 3a) 7H 9 eee 206 Mx 204 (3 wi) 2 wii) 7 (viii) 5 xt 153 (i) 3m 5 Answer: 36-15 (wi) 2 lixd = 4-62 (wii) aT, 20x>=1613 (ix) ise wm 5 Question 4: Shade: 1 (i) 2 of the circles in box (a) (i) 3 of the triangles in box (b) 3 (iii) 5 of the squares in box (c) 000 AAA vere rere oo AAA See oo TON oooo00 (a) (b) (©) Answer: (i) It can be observed that there are 12 circles in the given box. We have to shade 2 of 1 12x=6 the circles init. As 2, therefore, we will shade any 6 circles of it. @e0o @e0o @e0o2 (ji) It can be observed that there are 9 triangles in the given box. We have to shade 3 of 2 9 the triangles init As 3, therefore, we will shade any 6 triangles of it. AAA AAA AAA 3 (ii) It can be observed that there are 15 squares in the given box. We have to shade 5 5 =x1S=9 of the squares in it. As 5 , therefore, we will shade any 9 squares of it. paces saooco oooaa Question 5: Find: (a) 2 of (i) 24 (ii) 46 (b) 3 of (i) 18 (ii) 27 ale (c) 4 of (i) 16 (il) 36 4 (d) 5 of (i) 20 (ii) 35 Answer:2 x18 = (b) (i) 3 2 5, Therefore, 0.5 > 0.05 (i) 0.7 oF 0.5 Converting these decimal numbers into equivalent fractions, 0.7=Land 05 = 5 10 10 Itcan be observed that both fractions have the same denominator. AS7>5, Therefore, 0.7 >0.5 (il) 7 oF 0.7 Converting these decimal numbers into equivalent fractions, 77x. BO nao7= 2 x10 10 10 Itcan be observed that both fractions have the same denominator. As70>7, Therefore, 7 > 0.7(iv) 1.37 of 1.49 Converting these decimal numbers into equivalent fractions, It can be observed that both fractions have the same denominator. As 137 < 149, Therefore, 1.37 < 1.49 (v) 2.03 or 2.30 Converting these decimal numbers into equivalent fractions, - > 2.03 = 73 ana 2.30 = 230 100, It can be observed that both fractions have the same denominator. As 203 < 230, Therefore, 2.03 < 2.30 (vi) 0.8 or 0.88 Converting these decimal numbers into equivalent fractions, _ 8 _ 8x10 _ 8 ogg 88 10 10x10 100 1 Itcan be observed that both fractions have the same denominator. As 80 < 88, Therefore, 0.8 < 0.88 Question 2: Express as rupees using decimals: (i) 7 paise (ii) 7 rupees 7 paise (iii) 77 rupees 77 paise(iv) 50 paise (v) 235 paise Answer: There are 100 paise in 1 rupee. Therefore, if we want to convert paise into rupees, then we have to divide paise by 100. Rs 2 =Rs 007 ()7paise= 100 Rs 7+Rs — (ii) 7 Rs 7 paise = 100 = Rs 7.07 =Rs 77+Rs (iii) 77 Rs 77 paise 100 =Rs 77.77 =Rs 2 = Rs0.50 (iv) 50 paise 100 Question 3: (i) Express 5 cm in metre and kilometre (ii) Express 35 mm in cm, mand km Answer: (50m 5 Sem=— m=0.05 m Sem = =— km = 0.00005 km 100000 (i) 35 mm35 35mm =— em =3.5 em 10 35 35mm = m=0.035 m 1000 35 100000 35mm = km = 0.000035 km Question 4: Express in kg: (i) 200 g (ii) 3470 g (iii) 4kg 8g Answer: = 200 hg 0.2 ke (200g 1000 _3470 (ii) 3470 g 1000 470 kg tke g =4kg+—— ke (ili) 4 kg 8g 1000" = 4.008 kg Question 5: Write the following decimal numbers in the expanded form: (i) 20.03 (ii) 2.03 (iit) 200.03 (iv) 2.034 Answer: =2x10+0x1+0xL43x— (i) 20.03 10 100(i) 2.03 10°” 100 =2100+0%1040%1+ 0x4 43x (ii) 200.03 10" 100 =2x1+0x 43x 44x (iv) 2.034 10°“ 100 *** 1000 Question 6: Write the place value of 2 in the following decimal numbers: (i) 2.56 (ii) 21.37 (ill) 10.25 (iv) 9.42 (v) 63.352 Answer: (i) 2.56 Ones (ii) 21.37 Tens (iii) 10.25 Tenths (iv) 9.42 Hundredths (v) 63.352 Thousandths Question 7:Dinesh went from place A to place B and from there to place C. A is 7.5 km from B and B is 12.7 km from C. Ayub went from place A to place D and from there to place C. D is 9.3 km from A and C is 11.8 km from D. Who travelled more and by how much? Answer: Distance travelled by Dinesh = AB + BC = (7.5 + 12.7) km 1S +12.7 Therefore, Dinesh travelled 20.2 km. Distance travelled by Ayub = AD + DC = (9.3 + 11.8) km 93 +118 21.1 Therefore, Ayub travelled 21.1 km. Hence, Ayub travelled more distance. Difference = (21.1 - 20.2) km 211 -202 09 Therefore, Ayub travelled 0.9 km more than Dinesh.Question 8: Shyama bought 5 kg 300 g apples and 3 kg 250 g mangoes. Sarala bought 4 kg 800 g oranges and 4 kg 150 g bananas. Who bought more fruits? Answer: Total fruits bought by Shyama = 5 kg 300 g + 3 kg 250 g = 8kg 550g y \ seo = 1000) 8.550 kg Total fruits bought by Sarala = 4 kg 800 g + 4 kg 150g = 8 kg 950g / ) 34-250 } 1000. = 8.950 kg Sarala bought more fruits. Question 9: How much less is 28 km than 42.6 km? Answer: 42.6 28.0 14.6 Therefore, 28 km is 14.6 km less than 42.6 km.Exercise 2.6 Question 1: Find: (i) 0.2 «6 (i) 8 x 4.6 (iil) 2.71 5 (iv) 20.1 » 4 (v) 0.05 * 7 (vi) 211.02 «4 (vil) 2 * 0.86 Answer: 8x 4.6=8x (ii) 2 2.71 x 5= 22) 45 = 1355 13,55 (ii) 100 *~ 100 20.1 x4= 201 4 (vy 10 5 005 x7= © x7 => =035 “ 100 *’~ 100 211.02 « 4= 21102 4 - S408 _ 544 08 Wi) 100 0.86=2 «86172 _1 7 (vi) 100 100 Question 2: Find the area of rectangle whose length is 5.7 cm and breadth is 3 cm. Answer:Length = 5.7 cm Breadth = 3 cm Area = Length « Breadth =5.7*3=17.1 oma Question 3: Find: (i) 1.3 * 10 (ii) 36.8 10 (iii) 153.7 x10 (iv) 168.07 x 10 (v) 31.1 * 100 (vi) 156.1 « 100 (vii) 3.62 x 100 (viii) 43.07 x 100 (ix) 0.5 x 10 (x) 0.08 x 10 (xi) 0.9 x 100 (xii) 0.03 x 1000 Answer: We know that when a decimal number is multiplied by 10, 100, 1000, the decimal point in the product is shifted to the right by as many places as there are zeroes. Therefore, these products can be calculated as (1.3 «10= 13 (ii) 36.8 x 10 = 368 (ili) 153.7 * 10 = 1537 (vi) 168.07 « 10 = 1680.7 (v) 31.4 » 100 = 3110 (vi) 156.1 « 100 = 15610 (vil) 3.62 * 100 = 362 (ili) 43.07 x 100 = 4307 (x) 0.5 *10=5 (x) 0.08 x 10=0.8(xi) 0.9 x 100 = 90 (xiii) 0.03 x 1000 = 30 Question 4: A two-wheeler covers a distance of 55.3 km in one litre of petrol. How much distance will it cover in 10 litres of petrol? Answer: Distance covered in 1 litre of petrol = 55.3 km Distance covered in 10litre of petrol = 10 x 55.3 = 553 km Therefore, it will cover 553 km distance in 10 litre petrol. Question 5: Find: (1) 25 * 0.3 (i) 0.4 * 51.7 (il) 0.2 * 316.8 (iv) 1.3 * 3.4 (v) 0.5 * 0.05 (vi) 11.2 «0.15 (vil) 1.07 0.02 (vill) 10.05 x 1.05 (ix) 101.01 x 0.01 (x) 100.01 « 1.1 Answer: 3_7. 25x03= 2543-75 0.75 “) 1010 100 517_ 517 041x517 21,517 St 7 (ii) 10° 10 100 3 33 0.2 « 316.8 = 23168 _ 9338 _ 63 36 (iy 10° 10 100403 _ —=4.03 100 5 x HS = 1680 1 689 = 1.68 100 1000 1.07 « 0,02=107, 2 - 214 gong wii) 100" 100 10000, 10.05 * 1.05 Oe 103 10.5525 willy 100 "100 10000 TOT ON 0.01 Se lO e101 i) 100 “100 10000 100.01 » 1.1 = 10008 10011 10.011 ® 100 “10 1000 Exercise 2.7 Question 1: Find: (i) 0.4 = 2 (ii) 0.35 = 5 (iii) 2.48 +4 (iv) 65.4 = 6 (v) 651.2 + 4 (vi) 14.49 +7 (vii) 3.96 + 4 (viii) 0.80 + 5 Answer:0.62 62 1628 _ 162.8 207 2.07 Question 2: Find: (i) 4.8 + 10 (ii) 52.5 + 10 (iii) 0.7 + 10 (iv) 33.1 + 10 (v) 272.23 = 10 (vi) 0.56 + 10 (vii) 3.97 + 10 Answer: ‘We know that when a decimal number is divided by a multiple of 10 only (i.e., 10, 100, 1000, etc.), the decimal point will be shifted to the left by as many places as there are zeroes. Since here we are dividing by 10, the decimal will shift to the left by 1 place. ()48+10=0 48 (i) 52.5 + 10 = 5.25 (ili) 0.7 + 10 = 0.07 (iv) 33.1 + 10 = 3.31(v) 272.23 + 10 = 27.223 (vi) 0.56 + 10 = 0.056 (vil) 3.97 + 10 = 0.397 Question 3: Find: (i) 2.7 + 100 (ii) 0.3 + 100 (ii) 0.78 + 100 (iv) 432.6 + 100 (v) 23.6 + 100 (vi) 98.53 + 100, Answer: We know that when a decimal number is divided by a multiple of 10 only (.¢., 10, 100, 1000, etc.), the decimal point will be shifted to the left by as many places as there are zeroes. Since here we are dividing by 100, the decimal will shift to the left by 2 places (i) 2.7 + 100 = 0.027 (i 0.3 + 100 = 0.003 (iii) 0.78 + 100 = 0.0078 (iv) 432.6 + 100 = 4.326 (v) 23.6 = 100 = 0.236 (vi) 98.53 + 100 = 0.9853 Question 4: Find: (i) 7.9 + 1000 (ii) 26.3 + 1000 (iii) 38.53 = 1000 (iv) 128.9 + 1000 (v) 0.5 + 1000 Answer:We know that when a decimal number is divided by a multiple of 10 only (.¢., 10, 100, 1000, etc.), the decimal point will be shifted to the left by as many places as there are zeroes. Since here we are dividing by 1000, the decimal will shift to the left by 3 places (i) 7.9 + 1000 = 0.0079 (ii) 26.3 + 1000 = 0.0263 (iii) 38.53 + 1000 = 0.03853 (iv) 128.9 + 1000 = 0.1289 (v) 0.5 + 1000 = 0.0005 Question 5: Find: (i) 7+ 3.5 (ii) 36 + 0.2 (ii) 3.25 + 0.5 (iv) 30.94 + 0.7 (v) 0.5 + 0.25 (vi) 7.75 + 0.25, 36+0.2=36+ > =36x!2=180 (ii) 10 2 3.25 +05 ‘ (iil) 100 10 100° 5 50.94 «0.7 = 3094, 7 _ 3094 10 _ 442 _ (v) 100 10 100° 7 10 05+ 025a 2-425 a 5.5100 Ww «10 100 10° 2775100 _ 7.15 + 0.2: — 31 wi) 100° 100 100 16.5 +0.15 = 205, 15. 765,100 _ 519 wii) 10100 10 15 378+ 14=38,14 7 (ili) 1010 273+13=23,13_ 273,10 29) (x) 10010 100° 13° 10 Question 6: Avehicle covers a distance of 43.2 km in 2.4 litres of petrol. How much distance will it cover in one litre of petrol? Answer: Distance covered in 2.4 litres of petrol = 43.2 km 43: B eae eerie Distance covered in 1 litre of petrol = 10 10 1024 18 Therefore, the vehicle will cover 18 km in 1 litre petrol