SER158

Solvent AutoExtractor
Operating manual
Velp Scientifica thanks you for choosing the SER158 Solvent AutoExtractor for the extraction of
solid or semisolid materials using solvents according to Randall technique. The Velp extraction
apparatus uses a two-principal stage procedure (Immersion and Washing) and three accessory
stages (Removing, Recovery and Cooling) drastically reducing the extraction time and solvent
consumption.

Safety warnings:

Before using the unit, please read the operating manual supplied with the apparatus
carefully.

Warning! Hot surface!

Warning! Flammable solvent inside

Do not dispose of this equipment as urban waste

This unit must be used for laboratory applications only.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
In order to prevent the risk of electric shock, fire and personal injury when the unit is in use,
basic safety measures must always be taken including:

• It is the responsibility of the user, to properly decontaminate the unit in case of hazardous
substances remaining on the surface or interior of the device. Non-reactant
decontaminating substances are recommended for use when cleaning, to avoid chemical
reaction with the material(s) contained therein. If in doubt about the compatibility of a
cleaning or decontamination product, contact the manufacturer or distributor
• Keep all electrical cords, cables and wires away from liquids.
• Ensure that the power supply corresponds to the rating plate on the rear of the unit.
• Use only power cables provided with three terminals that is wired to ground.
• If unit is not operating properly do not use. In case of any malfunction, contact your
nearest service center
• All Personal Protective Equipment [PPE] used must be compatible with possible risks
posed by the operation of the unit (i.e. glass of the containers) and the
materials/substances being processed
• For additional information on the handling of the solvents used, see chapter
"Recommendations for the use of organic solvents."
• Follow the instructions of maintenance of the instrument as described in this manual.
• During operation not bringing any flame or electrical equipment that could ignite the
substances being processed.
• The heating plate can reach the temperature of 380°C, this occurs during the cycle phase
but also during the cooling phase. In case of need to use appropriate protections.
• Both the product and the containers used in processing, must be compatible with the
temperature set on the instrument

10006905/B2 1
 • Use the table in this manual, which provides for all types of solvent heat level to be set.
• Do not use the instrument in locations that require explosion protection or overpressure
conditions.
• Do not use the instrument with solvents other than those specified in this manual or with
an amount more than is allowed (max. 200 ml).
• Do not use samples that combust, or become flammable as a result of shock friction,
heat, sparks etc.… explode
• Use only original Velp extraction glassware.
• To clean the instrument using a cloth dampened with water.
The safety of the instrument is no longer guaranteed in the case of improper use or if the
instructions in this manual are not followed.

RÈGLES DE SÉCURITÉ
Pour éviter tout risque de choc électrique, incendie ou blessure corporelle pendant l'utilisation
de l'appareil, toujours appliquer les mesures de sécurité de base, y compris les
recommandations suivantes :

• Et responsabilité de l'utilisateur décontamination appropriée en cas de paiement de

substances dangereuses sur ou à l'intérieur de l'appareil. Il a également la responsabilité
de l'utilisateur l'utilisation de substances de décontamination ou pour le nettoyage qui ne
produisent pas danger à cause de la réaction avec des parties de l'appareil ou avec le
matériel qui y sont contenues. En cas de doute sur la compatibilité d'un nettoyage ou de
décontamination, contacter le fabricant ou le distributeur.
• Veiller à ce que les liquides ne viennent pas en contact avec le câble d'alimentation
électrique ou avec les parties électriques de l'instrument.
• Vérifiez que l'alimentation électrique correspond à la plaque signalétique à l'arrière de
l'appareil.
• Utilisez uniquement des câbles d'alimentation fournis avec trois terminaux qui est relié à
la terre.
• Ne pas utiliser l'unité si elle ne fonctionne pas correctement. En cas de
dysfonctionnement, contactez votre centre de service le plus proche.
• L'équipement de protection individuelle doit être compatible avec les risques éventuels
posés par la matière traitée et le verre des conteneurs.
• Pour plus d'informations sur la manipulation des solvants utilisés, voir chapitre
"Recommandations pour l'utilisation de solvants organiques."
• Suivez les instructions de maintenance de l'appareil tel que décrit dans ce manuel.
• Pendant le fonctionnement pas approcher une flamme ou d'un équipement électrique qui
pourrait enflammer les substances en cours de traitement.
• La plaque de chauffage peut atteindre la température de 380 ° C, cela se produit au
cours de la phase du cycle, mais aussi pendant la phase de refroidissement. En cas de
nécessité d'utiliser des protections appropriées.
• Les récipients utilisés dans le traitement et le produit doit être compatible avec la
température réglée sur l'instrument.
• Utilisez le tableau dans ce manuel, qui permet à tous les types de solvant niveau de
chaleur pour être réglés.
• Ne pas utiliser l'instrument dans des lieux qui nécessitent des instruments avec protection
contre les explosions ou surpression conditions.
• Ne pas utiliser l'instrument avec des solvants autres que ceux spécifiés dans ce manuel
ou avec une quantité supérieure à celle permise (max. 200 ml).
• Ne pas utiliser des échantillons qui pourraient exploser ou de prendre feu (explosifs, etc.)
À la suite de chocs friction, la chaleur, des étincelles ou ils peuvent réagir avec le solvant
utilisé.
• La sécurité de l'instrument est plus garantie si elle est utilisée de façon inappropriée et
non conforme à ce qui est écrit sur ce livre.
• Utilisez uniquement Velp verrerie originale lunettes extraction particulier.
• Le fabricant décline toute responsabilité pour toute utilisation de l'appareil non conforme à
ces instructions.
• Pour nettoyer l'instrument avec un chiffon imbibé d'eau.

10006905/B2
This unit has been designed and produced in compliance with the following standards:
Safety requirements for electrical apparatus for
measurement and control and for laboratory use IEC/EN 61010-1
IEC/EN 61010-2-010
IEC/EN 61010-2-081
UL Std. 61010-1 2nd Ed.
CAN/CSA 61010-1-04 2nd Ed.
CAN/CSA 61010-2-010-04
CAN/CSA 61010-2-081

Electrical equipment for measurement, control

and laboratory use - EMC requirements IEC/EN 61326-1 (2013)
FCC CFR 47 Part 15 Sub part B

Restrictions of the use of certain hazardous substances

in electrical and electronic equipment 2011/65/EU (RoHS)

On waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) 2002/96/EC (WEEE)

The manufacturer is committed to constantly improving the quality of the products and reserves
the right to modify the characteristics without prior notice.

10006905/B2
CONTENTS

1. Introduction ....................................................................................... 7
1.1 Parts included .......................................................................... 8
1.2 Instrument description ............................................................ 10
2. Chemicals .................................................................................. 12
2.1 Recommendation for the use of organic solvent ................... 12
2.2 Emptying the solvent tank ...................................................... 12
2.3 Reuse of solvent .................................................................... 13
2.4 Change the solvent ................................................................ 13
3. Assembly and installation ............................................................... 13
3.1 Hydraulic connection .............................................................. 13
3.1.1 Tap water connection ......................................................... 13
3.1.2 Solvent tubes connection ................................................... 14
3.2 Connection to electric power supply ...................................... 15
3.3 ControlPad Connection .......................................................... 15
3.4 Connection to external devices .............................................. 15
3.4.1 USB Pen drive ................................................................... 15
3.4.2 Mouse ................................................................................ 15
3.4.3 PC ...................................................................................... 15
3.4.4 Balances ............................................................................ 17
3.4.5 Barcode scanner with USB socket .................................... 17
3.5 Connection to “Slave” Extractors ........................................... 17
3.6 VELP Ermes Configuration .................................................... 18
3.7 Choice the temperature level ................................................. 19
3.7.1 Solvent flash point .............................................................. 22
3.8 Choice of gaskets .................................................................. 22
3.9 Preliminary Operations .......................................................... 23
4. Using the menus ............................................................................. 24
4.1 Quick Guide ........................................................................... 24
4.2 Main menu ............................................................................. 25
4.3 Analysis .................................................................................. 26
4.3.1 Fill the analysis parameters ............................................... 26
4.3.2 Fill the weight with balance ................................................ 27
4.3.3 Use of the barcode reader ................................................. 28
4.3.4 Start the analysis ............................................................... 28
4.3.5 Loading solvent .................................................................. 29
4.4 Archive ................................................................................... 30
4.5 Methods ................................................................................. 31
4.5.1 Standard Methods (from 1 to 49) ....................................... 31
4.5.2 Custom methods (50 to 79) ............................................... 32
4.5.3 Favorites methods ............................................................. 35
4.6 Results ................................................................................... 35
4.7 Check up ................................................................................ 36
4.7.1 Lift ...................................................................................... 36
10006905/B2 4
 4.7.2 LEDs .................................................................................. 36
4.7.3 Heating plates .................................................................... 37
4.7.4 Cooling water ..................................................................... 37
4.7.5 Safety guard ...................................................................... 37
4.7.6 Recovery tank .................................................................... 38
4.7.7 Fill solvent tubes ................................................................ 38
4.8 Set up .................................................................................... 38
4.9 Service ................................................................................... 39
4.10 Guide ..................................................................................... 39
5. Operating Controls ......................................................................... 40
5.1 Safety devices ....................................................................... 40
5.2 Warning signals and messages ............................................. 40
6. Working cycle ................................................................................. 41
6.1 Calculation of the results ....................................................... 42
6.2 Randall system ...................................................................... 43
7. End-of-work operations .................................................................. 44
8. Maintenance ................................................................................... 44
8.1 Routine maintenance ............................................................. 44
8.2 Extraordinary maintenance .................................................... 45
8.3 Expedients for transport ........................................................ 46
9. Disposing of the unit ....................................................................... 46
10. Accessories ............................................................................... 47
11. Spare parts ................................................................................ 48
12. Technical features ..................................................................... 49
13. Wiring diagram ........................................................................... 51
14. Hydraulic scheme ...................................................................... 54
15. Warranty .................................................................................... 58
16. Suggestions ............................................................................... 58
ANALYTICAL METHOD ........................................................................ 60
1 Determination of crude fat in meat and processed meat........... 60
2 Determination of total fat in meat and processed meat ............. 61
3 Determination of total fat in fish and derived products .............. 62
4 Determination of total fat in whole eggs .................................... 63
5 Determination of total fat in oily seeds and nuts ........................ 64
6 Determination of total fat in milk powder ................................... 65
7 Determination of total fat in condensed milk ............................. 66
8 Determination of total fat in cheese ........................................... 67
9 Determination of total fat in flour, bakery products and pasta ... 68
10 Determination of crude fat in fried potatoes .............................. 69
11 Determination of crude fat in animal feed .................................. 70
12 Determination of total fat in animal feed .................................... 71
13 Determination of crude fat in creams and sauces ..................... 72
14 Determination of crude fat in chocolate ..................................... 73
15 Extraction of oil and grease from wastewater ........................... 74
16 Extraction of oil and grease from sludges ................................. 76
17 Extraction of petroleum source rocks ........................................ 78

10006905/B2 5
 18 Extraction of plasticizer mixture from vinyl chloride plastics ...... 80
19 Extraction of rosin from paper and paperboard ......................... 81
20 Extraction of oils from leather .................................................... 82
21 Determination of unsaponified and unsaponifiable fat in soaps 83
22 Extraction of ethanol soluble components from detergent
formulations ........................................................................................ 85
23 Extraction of finishing oils from textiles and synthetic or natural
fibers ................................................................................................... 87
24 Extraction of oil content in insulating material............................ 89
25 Extraction of organic micro-pollutants for GC-MS analysis ....... 90
26 Extraction of oil and grease from plastic .................................... 91
27 Extraction of crude fat in Standard (Cod. A00000318) .............. 92
Declaration of conformity ........................................................... 93

10006905/B2 6
1. Introduction
Extraction of an organic solvent in most cases, allows the quantitative separation of a
substance or group of substances (e.g. Fat) from a mixture of solids or semisolids.
The most widely used technique, all over the world, takes name from German
chemist Franz Soxhlet (1848-1927) professor of chemistry at the High School of
Agriculture of Munich (Bayern). This technique puts in contact a pure solvent, by
distillation, with the mixture to extract. In the case of solid or semi-solid mixtures, the
sample is contained in a porous cellulose or fiberglass extraction thimble that is
covered by the pure solvent dripping from a reflux condenser above. From time to
time the solvent with the extracted substances is reported in the extraction cup by
means of the trigger of an automatic siphon. The thimble holds the porous portion of
the mixture that is insoluble in the solvent. The extracted substance must not be
volatile at the boiling temperature of the solvent. The Soxhlet extraction apparatus
has been modified in different aspects, in some cases in an attempt to increase the
temperature of the solvent that comes into contact with the mixture to be extracted, in
order to reduce the extraction time. The Velp extraction apparatus uses a five-stage
procedure:
In the first step (Immersion), the thimble containing the sample to be extracted is
immersed directly into the boiling solvent contained in the extraction cup; after a set
time, a part of the solvent is automatically removed from the extraction cup
(Removing), and the remaining solvent will fall by condensing the refrigerant in the
overlying (Washing). At the end of the extraction all the residual solvent is
automatically removed from the extraction cup (Recovery). Subsequently, the
glasses of extraction are raised for the final cooling (Cooling).
This procedure named Randall, reduces the time required for a complete extraction
from 1/4 to 1/6 of that required by a classical Soxhlet analysis.
The fields of application include analysis of food, feed, detergents, rubber and plastic
formulations, pharmaceutical products, soils, etc. for the content of soluble products
such as fats, surfactants, plasticizers, pesticides.
The Velp apparatus allows the use of many different solvents, a large part of which is
recovered at the end of the extraction cycle, minimizing the contribution to air
pollution. Velp equipment is manufactured according to the safety standards IP41
which allows use without risk.
For most of the samples of food or feed for animals, before extraction with solvent, it
requires acid or base hydrolysis.
The preliminary hydrolysis may be carried out with the unit of hydrolysis HU 6 that
allows the simultaneous hydrolysis of up to 6 samples.
The purpose of hydrolysis, is preliminary to release the fat in the sample that could
be linked to other molecules or enclosed in cellular structures, making them fully
available to the subsequent extraction.
At the end of the hydrolysis with HU 6, the sample is located in a glass crucible which
can be directly inserted in the drive SER158 for the determination of total fat.

10006905/B2 7
1.1 Parts included
Check that the unit is complete after unpacking.
The table below shows the parts included:

Description Cod. Qty

SER158 Solvent F303A0380 1
Autoextractor 6 positions
or
F303A0390
3 positions
(Extractor)

Control pad SER158 A00000286 1

European power cable 230V 10000609 1

USA power cable 115V 10000618 1

* Green VITON seal SER158 A00000297 1**

pack. 3 pcs/box

* Grey EPDM seal SER158 A00000298 3/2

3pcs/box

* Extraction thimbles A00000295 1

33x80mm, 25pcs/box

Inlet tube 10000280 1

PVC tube Ø7x10 mm 10001086 1

Extraction cup SER158, A00000290 2/1

3pcs/box

Extraction thimbles holder A00000312 6/3

D.33

10006905/B2 8
 T shaped key 5 mm 10006916 1

Teflon tube Ø 4x6mm 10002866 1

Connection 1/8 NPT - tube 10006054 1

6x4

Boiling stones A00000305 1

Operating Manual SER158 10006905 This one 1

* The gaskets and extraction thimbles are considered consumables and they must be
replaced when necessary according to the solvents used and the cumbersome work.
** In addition to the seals already installed

NOTE: The Control Pad, code A00000286 is not included into the packaging of the
instrument. It is delivered in a dedicated box.

NOTE: Keep the special shock-resistant packing material for future use.

10006905/B2 9
1.2 Instrument description

Following the principal parts of instrument:

2
11

10

5
8

7 4

6
3

List of Solvent Autoextractor unit components:

1 Control Pad
2 Extraction Unit
3 General switch
4 Extraction cup
5 Extraction thimbles
6 Display touch screen
7 Handle
8 Ceramic heating plate
9 Safety guard
10 Collection funnel solvent
11 Titanium condenser

10006905/B2 10
The extraction unit is equipped with innovative devices, materials and cutting-edge
technology:

• The stainless-steel structure and the particular surface treatment, which is fitted
to the extractor, guarantees a high chemical resistance to the solvents used
during the analysis and high durability.
• Glass ceramic heating plate, for easy and fast cleaning
• Independent 6 or 3 heating positions with automatic shut off at the end of
analysis.
• Titanium condenser to maximize efficiency and reduce consumption of solvent
and water.
• Ability to connect a dispenser for automatic dispense of the solvent within each
glass.
• In a world where the respect for the environment is increasingly important, the
Titanium condenser provides a significant contribution to this cause. The cooling
water supply is automatically stopped during pauses, thus cutting consumption
considerably.

The SER158 series guarantees unmatched savings whist ensuring an extremely high
level of reliability.

The SER158 is exceptional in providing savings, by using TEMSTM technology:

Time: Fast and frequent analyses; no heating delay between runs.

Energy: Cooling water consumption starting from only 1 l/min; excellent insulation of
internal parts.

Money: Cost reduction is substantial, in line with reduced power consumption.

Space: The extremely compact footprint saves useful laboratory bench space.

10006905/B2 11
2. Chemicals
WARNING!

The heating plate and the extraction cup for the collection of the extract may reach a
high temperature which can generate burns. Use pliers to remove the collecting
vessels at the end of the extraction and recovery of the solvent.

2.1 Recommendation for the use of organic solvent

As in general to the use of chemicals you should always take the following
precautions:
• Check the risk phrases (R or H following the new CLP) reported as warning
signs on containers (i.e. H226 or R10 = flammable; EUH019 or R19 = may
form explosive peroxides).
• Always protect your eyes and possibly skin by wearing goggles and gloves.
• Use the instrument as much as possible in a well-ventilated area. Use the
instrument under the lab hood in case of use of chloroform and diethyl
ether.
• Do not use the instrument in presence of points of danger like flames or
electric sparks.
• Use a good cooling water system in order to obtain the maximum recovery
of the solvent.
• Immediately wash any skin and/or rinse eyes, that has been exposed to
spray and or residue of materials used. If necessary, seek medical
assistance.

The stock of organic solvents in the laboratory should be kept to a minimum; solvents
not in use should be stored in metal cabinets provided with holes, outside of the
laboratory. Whenever possible, it is recommended to avoid the use of volatile
solvents. If they can be replaced by less volatile counterparts (i.e. toluene instead of
benzene, heptane instead of pentane). Remember that when handling ethers,
unsaturated hydrocarbons, aldehydes and ketones, form peroxides, these
substances may give rise to explosions, by distillation, friction and also energetic
agitation. Monitoring for the presence of peroxides can be performed with test kits
easy to use.
The destruction of peroxides is not always easy because in most cases will form two
phases with the aqueous solutions that do not allow contact between the polymeric
peroxides and reducing agents used.

The destruction of peroxides is not always easy because in most cases will form two
phases with the aqueous solutions that do not allow contact between the polymeric
peroxides and reducing agents used.

2.2 Emptying the solvent tank

The instrument has a solvent level sensor that checks if the solvent tank inside the
instrument is empty or not before starting a test. If the tank is not empty, the
ControlPad advises and it is necessary to empty it to proceed (see chap. 4.7.6).
Before starting the procedure, perform the hydraulic connections (see chap. 3.2.2)

10006905/B2 12
2.3 Reuse of solvent
It’s possible to reuse the recovered solvent for gravimetric determinations (i.e. fat
quantification), but it’s suggested to use fresh solvent for qualitative analysis (i.e.
chromatography analyses).

NOTE: It is not recommended to reuse the solvent recovered from the first analysis,
after installation or when the solvent has to be changed, because of a possible
mixing.

2.4 Change the solvent

The instrument is able to work with several types of solvents (see chap. 3.6). When
the type of solvent has to be changed, it is recommended perform a washing
dedicated to clean the instrument (see chap. 4.5.1). In this case do not reuse the
solvent recovered.

3. Assembly and installation

After unpacking the instrument, position it horizontally on a laboratory bench or on a
noncombustible surface, and clean at a distance of at least 30 cm from the walls so
as not obstruct the air vents on the rear.
Position the instrument near the socket power supply because it is considered a
means of disconnecting the device.
Remove the n° 2 red screws placed at the top part of the two lateral panels indicated
by the black and yellow label.

NOTE: It is necessary to use the instrument under a fume hood Laboratory only in
presence of chloroform or diethyl ether that are used as solvents.

NOTE: The instrument weight is 36kg (F303A0380 6 positions) and 29kg

(F303A0390 3 positions). If you need to move the instrument suitable lifting devices
should be used.

3.1 Hydraulic connection

3.1.1 Tap water connection
The instrument must be placed near a tap water supply ¾” GAS (max
1.5m far), with a maximum pressure of 0.5 MPa (5 bar), necessary for
cooling of the solvent vapors and refrigerated tank.

On the back of extraction are available attacks marked with:

INLET Cooling water Inlet (water inlet network):

Cooling water Connect the unit to the tap water supply using the red and white
tube with threaded connections received with the instrument (¾”
GAS)
OUTLET Cooling water Outlet (water outlet network)
Cooling water Push the PVC tube supplied (diameter 7x10 mm) into the tube
holder by hand and place the other end of the tube in a
sink/drain.

10006905/B2 13
The instrument requires a minimum tap water flow rate measured at the discharge of
the instrument (depending on the temperature of the tap water) of approximately:

- 1.8 l / min at a temperature of 15 ° C

- 2.5 l / min at a temperature of 30 ° C

The flow rates are in half for version 3 positions.

Water is required only during the extraction cycle and is interrupted automatically
during the other phases.

3.1.2 Solvent tubes connection

In the upper left part of the extraction unit are available connections marked with:
INLET Solvent Inlet
Solvent Connect the tube of a dispenser directly on the
threated connection marked SOLVENT INLET, using
the fittings:**
A00000299 fitting ¼ NPT - tubes 4.3 / 4.5 mm
A00000300fitting ¼ NPT - tubes 4.8 / 5 mm

depending on the tube used

** these fittings are not included in the instruments.

They are optional accessories.

OUTLET Solvent Outlet

Solvent Connect the Teflon tube Ø 4x6mm (cod. 10002866
included) to the fitting 1/8 NPT pipe 6x4mm (Cod.
10006054 included) after tightening this to the threated
connection marked SOLVENT OUTLET. Put the tube
into a bottle or sink to recover the solvent from the
internal solvent tank.* The connection needs to be
adapted to the distance between the units and bottle,
cutting the tube supplied so that they do not form
depressions or siphons.

*It is possible to use the Complete Glass bottle solvent

collection, code A00000301 as optional accessory (not
included)

NOTE: the inlet solvent connection has to be done when the extraction unit is
connected to a dispenser for adding the solvent directly in the beakers without
entering in contact with the solvent. It is possible to load the solvent in different ways
(see chap. 4.3.4)

NOTE: All dispenser types can be connected to the SER. The important feature is
the tube connected to the dispenser must have the features of one of the two fittings
in the table above.

NOTE: Connect the dispenser to the SER 158 before starting the procedure from the
ControlPad, in order to avoid drips.

10006905/B2 14
 The maximum pressure insertion solvent is 0.05 MPa (0,5 bar)

3.2 Connection to electric power supply

Before connecting the instrument to the power supply, make sure the main switch is
turned off (on position "0") and that the data of the nameplate correspond to those of
the power supply. Make sure the electrical network is grounded. Connecting the
instrument to an easily accessible socket, using the power cable with plug ground.
The instrument works with supply voltage of 115 / 230 volts and a frequency of 50 or
60Hz.

NOTE: The switch allows to completely disconnect the device from the power supply
when not in use, in order to reduce energy consumption.

3.3 ControlPad Connection

In order to use the Extractor unit, it is necessary to connect it to the ControlPad
(A00000286). Plug the control pad into the appropriate socket marked "ControlPad"
on the back of the unit, by feeding the cord through the center guide, underneath the
extraction unit. Secure the control pad in the seat, to slide in front of the instrument.

3.4 Connection to external devices

The solvent extraction unit SER158 can be connected to various external devices
useful to optimize productivity, using the sockets on the right panel of the instrument
placed on the bench or on the ControlPad:

• USB pen drive

• Mouse
• Balance
• PC (via ethernet)
• n° 1 SER158/3 or n° 1 SER158/6
• Barcode scanner with USB socket (cod. A00000364 or A00000365 - optional
accessory)

3.4.1 USB Pen drive

Connect a pen drive to one of the two USB ports on the right of the instrument of to
the USB port on the ControlPad (if a ControlPad is connected to the instrument) in
order to export data stored in the archive, to export the diagnostic file (see chap.4.9)
or to update the controller software.

3.4.2 Mouse
A mouse with USB plug can be connected to one of the two USB ports on the
SER158 or on the ControlPad to navigate the menus.

3.4.3 PC
Connect the unit to the LAN port on the right of the SER158 in order to access the
instrument database from remote PC.

10006905/B2 15
 - Go to the “Set up”/”Connectivity”/PC connection

- Select "IP Address" and enter the IP address to be assigned to the

instrument (contact the network administrator)
- Select "Subnet mask" and enter the subnet mask to be assigned to the
instrument (contact the network administrator).

NOTE: After the first configuration is advisable to restart the instrument after entering
the IP address and the Subnet Mask.

- Restart the SER158 to record the new data.

- Connect the network cable to the LAN port located on the right part of the
SER158 and to the LAN plug of the laboratory.
- Make sure that the PC is connected to the network
- From the PC start the Internet browser or My Network Places and enter the
IP address previously assigned preceded by “\\” (e.g. \\10.0.0.158). Press
Enter.
- Enter the user name (guest)
- Enter the password (guest)
- Open the Database folder to view or download file “Archive SER158.csv”
containing the results of analysis.

The database file is continually updated as data is saved in the instrument Archive.
To update the information on the PC, repeat the steps described above.

10006905/B2 16
3.4.4 Balances
The SER158 can be connected to the most common models of analytical balances in
order to enter the correct sample weights without any possibility of transcription
errors.
The SER158 can be connected to the following balances with a resolution in grams
of 2 to 4 digits after the decimal point:
- Mettler
- Bel
- AND
- Sartorius
- Ohaus
- Precisa
- Gibertini

The port of the balance should be configurated as follow:

Baud rate: 9600
Data length 8
Parity None
Bit of stop 1
Handshaking None

It is necessary to use the USB port of the instrument with the adaptor code
A00000195 (optional accessory) and enable the balance in "Set up" / "Connectivity" /
"Balance".

NOTE: The balance connected to the SER must be set with the default parameters
mentioned above. Read its operating manual to do this.

NOTE: Set the balance in “print” mode. Balance has to print only the weight, not the
other info. Please see its operating manual to do this.

3.4.5 Barcode scanner with USB socket

The Velp barcode reader (A00000364 or A00000365) is the only one supported by
the SER158 and allows the correct identification of the extraction cups and samples.
Once connected to the SER158 the barcode reader must be set at: "Set up" /
"Connectivity" / "Barcode scanner".

3.5 Connection to “Slave” Extractors

The ControlPad can control up to 4 extraction units independently.

The extractor connected to the ControlPad is called “Master” unit.

The other extractors, connected to the “Master” thanks to the dedicated connection
cable, are called “Slave” units.

NOTE: for each “Slave” unit, one connection cable (A00000287 – Slave connection
cable SER158) is required.

The “Master-Slave” connection scheme is shown in the below picture:

10006905/B2 17
After connecting the ControlPad to the “Master” unit, as descripted in the chapter 3.3,
connect the “Slave” extractors by inserting the connection cable in the dedicated
ports marked as “Extra units”, positioned on the back of the instruments.
Turn on all the available “Slave” units and then turn on the “Master” extractor.

NOTE: it is always necessary to turn on the “Slave” units before turning on the
“Master” extractor.

To configure all the “Slave” extractors, go to “Set-up” / “Connectivity” /

“EXTRACTORS” and enter the serial number of the connected extractors.
After leaving this screen, the ControlPad will restart to complete the configuration.

NOTE: the serial number of the “Master” unit is automatically entered.

The number of the connected units is shown in the main screen.

Furthermore, the software will enable the buttons that allow to control independently
all the connected extractors in the lower grey bar showed in each submenu.

3.6 VELP Ermes Configuration

VELP Ermes is a revolutionary cloud platform that transforms and improves your
laboratory experience by creating an ecosystem of instruments, people and
data. The VELP Ermes platform is able to reduce distances and accelerate
scientific processes in total safety. In order to access on ERMES, you need to
enable your VELP account by selecting "Configure your VELP ERMES account"
at http://www.velp.com/en/login.

10006905/B2 18
To be able to communicate, the laboratory LAN needs to have the possibility to
access on internet. In order to activate the communication between SER158
and ERMES platform, is necessary perform the following steps:

• Connect the LAN cable to the SER158, using the LAN port on unit.
• Configure the SER158 with laboratory LAN parameter (see chap.
3.4.3). If necessary contact your IT administrator.
• Select in connectivity the ERMES menu.
• Check the box “Enable SER158 to transmit on the ERMES platform;
• Keep open this menu (OTC) and Proceed with the product registration
from the ERMES platform. For more information, see FAQ on VELP
website.

NOTE: To access on ERMES is necessary to have a VELP account.

3.7 Choice the temperature level

The level of heating should be selected depending on the solvent used in order to
obtain a balanced boiling point of the same (see table below).
In order to obtain a more uniform and less turbulent boiling, in some cases it is
suggested to add some boiling stones, code A00000305.

NOTE: the boiling stones must be weighed in advance together with the glass
extraction cup for the determination of the initial tare.

Boling stones= pellets or pieces of glass, pieces of pumice or carborundum (silicon

carbide)

The following table shows the levels of heating for each solvent, gaskets suggested
and in which cases use the boiling stones:

Heating Gaskets Boiling Boiling Ignition

Solvent level for stones point temperature
glass °C °C
beaker
Acetone 4 Butyl X 56,5 538
Ethyl acetate 8 Butyl X 77 427
Chloroform 4 Viton X 61-62 Not combustible
Ethanol 9 Butyl X 78,5 423
Diethyl ether 1 Vaflon 34,6 180-190
Petroleum ether 3 Viton 30-80 Not specified
Methanol 9 Butyl X 64,7 470
n-Hexane 4 Viton 69 234
Toluene 12 Vaflon X 110,6 536
Acetone n-Hexane 1: 1 4 Vaflon X / /
Acetone n-Hexane 1: 3 4 Vaflon X / /

10006905/B2 19
You can use other types of solvents or mixtures, it is important to know the boiling
point or establish this in the case of mixtures; it is suggested to start from the info in
the table above to find the solvent with a boiling point more similar and to choose the
level of heating correctly.

NOTE: the instrument comes with butyl and Viton gaskets. The vaflon gaskets, code
A00000288, are optional accessories.

NOTE: Vaflon gaskets have an excellent chemical compatibility so they can be used
with all types of solvents or mixture.

10006905/B2 20
Commonly used solvents listed in order of increasing boiling point.

SPECIFIC HEAT OF
mm of Hg a 25°C
SPECIFIC HEAT
TEMPERATURE

TEMPERATURE

EVAPORATION
FLASH POINT °C

IGNITION °C

g/ml at 20°C

PRESSURE
BOILING °C
SOLVENT

DENSITY

VAPORE

gcal/g/°C

gcal/g
Petroleum ether 30 ÷ 80 -40 >200°C 0,662 >400 ~0,500 ~80
Diethyl ether 34,6 -45 180 ÷ 190 0,713 442 0,473 84
Pentane 36,1 -40 (C) 309 0,626 420 0,507 85
Methylene chloride 39,7 - (605) (*) 1,325 340 0,288 60
Acetone 56,5 -18 538 0,788 180 0,538 123
Chloroform 61 ÷ 62 - (*) 1,484 100 0,234 59
Methyl alcohol 64,7 +12 470 0,791 95 0,601 263
Tetrahydrofuran 66 -17 321 0,889 200 0,486 105
n - Hexane 69 -40 234 0,660 155 0,600 80
Carbon 76,7 - (*) 1,594 90 0,200 46
Tetrachloride
Ethyl acetate 77 +7 427 0,902 71 0,476 102
Ethyl alcohol 78,8 +13 423 0,789 42 0,680 204
Methyl ethyl 79,6 -6 516 0,805 71 0,549 106
ketone
Benzene (1) 80,1 -11 562 0,879 76 0,419 104
Cyclohexane 80,7 -18 259 0,778 81 0,520 94
Acetonitrile 81,6 +13 523 0,787 83 0,541 174
Isopropyl alcohol 82,5 +12 456 0,785 32 0,640 159
Trichloroethylene 86,7 - (*) 1,465 60 0,223 57
n Heptane 98,4 -1 215 0,684 38 0,518 76
Isooctane 99,3 -12 250 0,692 11 0,563 71
Dioxane 101,1 +5 379 1,034 4 0,420 99
Isobutyl alcohol 108 +28 343 0,802 3 0,716 138
Toluene 110,6 +4 536 0,867 24 0,440 87
n-butyl alcohol 117 +37 343 0,810 13 0,687 141
Acetic acid 118 +39 427 1,050 11 0,522 97
Octane 125,6 +22 210 0,703 12 0,578 73
Alcohol Cinnamyl 138,1 +38 (C) 300 0,817 2 0,711 120
Xylene 138,5 +29 464 0,86 5 0,400 83
(*) not inflammable
(C) into a closed container
(1) Finally determined as carcinogenic

10006905/B2 21
 3.7.1 Solvent flash point
The flash point temperature is the temperature at which a liquid gives off a quantity of
vapors sufficient to form an ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid or
within the extraction cup.
There are two groups of devices for flash point determination. For the purposes of
official standards on transport (IIC, OG IATA) the flash point is determined by the
method Tagliabue Open Cup (ASTM D-1310/63) commonly abbreviated TOC. IATA
also admits the Abel or the Abel-Pensky in open cup.
Other methods used, mostly for the higher flash points, are the Tag closed cup and
the Cleveland open cup. The methods with open vessel reproduce better conditions.

3.8 Choice of gaskets

The material of the gaskets used between the connection funnel solvent and the
extraction cup is critical because it must have very good chemical resistance to the
solvents that can be used on the SER158.
The gaskets included in the SER 158 are made of Viton (fluorinated polymer) and
butyl:

A00000297 Viton gasket green SER158 conf. 3pz

A00000298 EPDM gasket grey SER158 conf. 3pz

NOTE: The Viton gaskets are assembled on the instrument. The butyl gaskets come
with the accessories of the instrument.

In general terms the Viton is easily attacked by ketones and esters, and the butyl
rubber by hydrocarbons and halogenated.
Before starting with the extraction, please check the compatibility of the gasket to the
solvent. (see table at page 17).

It is also available on request Vaflon gaskets (particularly elastomer), resistant to all

types of solvents or mixture used in extraction:

A00000288 Vaflon gasket white SER158 conf. 3pz

To replace the seals, use the item 10006916 (“Key for gasket”). Remove seals,
supplied with the instrument, in order not to damage the connection funnel solvent.
Block the seal with the key tool, then by fingers remove the gasket from the support.

NOTE: Do not use the key as a lever, to remove seals. This operation can damage
connection funnel solvent and cause leakage of solvent.

10006905/B2 22
3.9 Preliminary Operations
At the end of installation proceed as follows:
• Open the safety guard;
• Position the extraction cup;
• Turn on the tap water;

Turn the instrument on by pressing the main POWER switch (LED on), on the right of
the instrument. The instrument automatically carries out the following steps
simultaneously:

• Tap water check to ensure the presence of cooling water;

With the solvent that will be used for the analyses, perform an extraction without
sample and without thimble using the method “Washing” (see chap.4.5) in order to
wash the internal circuits.
At the end of the analysis, empty the recovery tank following the instruction at the
display (see chap 4.7.6.)

NOTE: before beginning the analysis, if the automatic loading solvent is set (see
chap 4.7.7) enter the Check-up/Fill solvent tubes menu in order to fill the tubes
NOTE: It is suggested NOT to use the solvent recovered from the first wash down.

10006905/B2 23
 4. Using the menus
4.1 Quick Guide
This page shows the heating block software. The purpose is to help the user identify
the different possibilities offered by the instrument and how to reach them easily.

Analysis
Archive Options Export Excel
Cancel Text
Select all Lims
Recalculate
Filters by sample name
by operator
Methods Standard by date
Customizable by ID
Favorites by type
by serial number
Results Calculate
Check-up Lift
Leds
Heating plates
Cooling water
Safety guard
Recovery tank
Fill solvent tubes
Set-up Date and time
Language
Connectivity PC Connection
Balance
Extractors
Barcode Scanner

Analysis option End recovery step

Solvent loading

Beeps and leds Beeps

Leds

User account User level

Change superuser
password
Laboratory name
Service Counters
Software information
Update software
Empty archive
Diagnostic
Reset

Guide

10006905/B2 24
4.2 Main menu
When the instrument is switched on, the display shows the logo VELP SCIENTIFICA
for a few seconds.
The main menu then appears:

In this step, the instrument performs:

- the tap water check, giving an alarm if the flow of the tap water is less than
1 l/min
- the recovery tank check, giving an alarm if the recovery tank is not empty

The main menu consists of 8 submenus that can be selected using the touch screen
or the pointer of the mouse (see chap. 3.4.2)
The blue bar at the top of the main screen shows information as:
- name of the instrument
- account
- date and time

and some setting if on, as (from the left to the right side):
- solvent loading
- end recovery step
- balance connected

Located under each sub-menu, the following grey bar becomes present, displaying
the two symbols below: In the bottom left corner, the “Home” symbol allows the
return to the main screen; the “Question Mark” symbol in the bottom right corner,
allows the opening the operating manual

10006905/B2 25
4.3 Analysis
Select "Analysis" from the main menu:

The following window is shown:

To return to the main menu press the symbol in the bottom left corner (home).

NOTE: All positions are selected as default. The correspondent LEDs are switched
on.

4.3.1 Fill the analysis parameters

It is possible:
- to choose the method (see chap 4.5)
- to fill the “operator name” field
- to fill the “note” field with notes connected to the analysis
- to select the position to be used, touching the single position or toggling on the
positions
- to fill the “details” window (also with analysis in progress), pressing the Details
button:
• type of the analysis (extraction “E” or blank “B”), pressing on the “type”
column;
• Identification number of the extraction cup with barcode
• sample name, pressing on the “Sample name” column;
• tare and sample weight, pressing on the “Tare” or “Sample” column.

10006905/B2 26
NOTE: If SER 158/6 is used, start analysis selecting at least 4 positions. If SER
158/3 is used, start analysis selecting at least 1 position.
NOTE: If the balance is connected, please see chap 4.3.2
NOTE: If you want to enter the identification code of the extraction cup using the
barcode reader, refer to paragraph 4.3.3

NOTE: if more than one SER158 is connected to the ControlPad (slave units)
pressing SER2, SER3, SER4 it is possible to set the same parameters for each unit.
NOTE: Blank is a real analysis but without the sample, necessary to check the
cleaning of the instrument to avoid possible contaminations. This value is not used
for the final calculation of the extracted.
NOTE: Information in “Details” window is not mandatory, but they are necessary to
perform the final calculation. They are stored in the Archive and they can be
exported.

4.3.2 Fill the weight with balance

If the balance in connected to the control panel, it is possible to transfer the tare and
the sample weight automatically. The following window is shown:

The weight is transferred in the same column sequentially, starting from the selected
position. To change the column, it is necessary press the “Continue” button.

10006905/B2 27
If it is necessary to modify the weight, the old weight will be displayed and it is
possible to overwrite it.

4.3.3 Use of the barcode reader

If the Velp barcode reader is connected to the SER158, in Analysis/Details, the
following window will appear:

It is possible to scan the first extraction cup, weigh it and transfer the tare value from
the balance to SER158. This operation is repeated sequentially for the remaining
positions. In addition, the Velp barcode reader can also be used to fill in the field for
the Sample Name.
The barcode reader can also be used to calculate the results by selecting the
appropriate extraction cups in the results menu.

4.3.4 Start the analysis

Press “Confirm” to start the analysis. The following window is shown:

The window visualizes:

-the positions selected and the type of analysis (i.e. “E” that means extraction):
-the total time of analysis (ETA: estimated time of arrival). The ETA is the sum of
time required, for each step set in the method;
-indications about each step of the analysis
-indication about the tap water flow: before starting the analysis is 0 because the
instrument uses water only when the analysis is running.

Press START to start the analysis. Press “Analysis set up” to come back to the
“Analysis set up” window.

10006905/B2 28
NOTE: if more than one SER158 is connected to the ControlPad, pressing SER2,
SER3, SER4 it is possible to start the analysis for each SER in different times.
NOTE: if automatic loading solvent is set, please see chap 4.3.4

The current step is highlighted/indicated in blue and underlined with the relative ETA
as a count down. Also, the total ETA changes. The instrument will automatically
perform all of the selected steps, until the end of the analysis.
During the first 4 step, press STOP to end the analysis. The display will ask
confirmation. Pressing YES, the instrument will perform the Cooling step (the green
bar will become orange) and after will ask if the analysis must to be saved in the
archive.
NOTE: It is possible to skip steps and go straight to the step require by keeping the
step required pressed for 2 seconds.

NOTE: With the slave unit, during analysis, it is possible to navigate in the menu of
the other software and start in different analysis. In this case the blue bar will become
green. To come back into the analysis in progress, press on the green bar.

4.3.5 Loading solvent

It is possible to load the solvent using two different techniques, manual and
automatic. Settings for both techniques must be set in Setup/Analysis
Option/Loading Solvent:
-Manual: Pour the volume of the solvent set in the selected method into each
extraction cup using all of the safety instructions reported in the MSDS of the solvent
and in the “safety precautions” section of this operating manual.
-Automatic (SolventXpressTM): The solvent can be loaded directly in each position
with a dispensing solvent system. Pressing the START button to start the analysis, if
automatic solvent loading is selected the following window is shown:

10006905/B2 29
Follow the instructions reported in the window above to proceed with the solvent
loading.
It is possible to choose the position where the solvent is loaded, among the positions
selected in “Analysis setup”, also not in sequence.
NOTE: see chap. 3.2.2 to perform the connection with the dispenser.
There is also the possibility to add solvent when the analysis is running using the
little hole on the top white flange of the titanium condenser.
NOTE: in case of adding solvent using the hole on the top white flange of the
titanium condenser, use small tube wit OD 2.5mm.
NOTE: when this procedure is used to empty the tubes, please take note that in the
tubes of SER158/3 remains 10ml of solvent, in a SER158/6 13 ml about.

The solvent volume for the analysis depends on the type of the beaker. Below the
min and max volume for each beaker and the suggested for the analysis:
Becker type Min volume (ml) Suggested volume (ml) Max volume (ml)

Small 70 80 110
Standard (glass or
90 100 150
aluminum)**
Large 110 170 200
** for qualitative analyses, it is suggested to use the glass beaker.

4.4 Archive
Select “Archive” from the main menu. The display shows the list of the analyses
performed with the whole SER (master and slave) connected to the ControlPad.
To return to the main menu press the “Back” button.
Use the scroll bar at the right of the display to view the other rows and the bottom bar
to visualize the other columns.
In the bottom part of the screen, some buttons are shown:
- Options:

10006905/B2 30
It is possible to:
- Export the whole archive or selected rows in Excel, Lims or Text format to the USB
pen drive, by pressing Export
-apply some filters on the archive, pressing Filters:

- Cancel: it is possible to delete from the archive some rows

- Select all: it is possible to select the whole archive
- Recalculate: it is possible to calculate the results (see chap.4.6)

NOTE: if Superuser password is set, “Cancel” function doesn’t work in User level

4.5 Methods
Select “Methods” from the main menu.

4.5.1 Standard Methods (from 1 to 49)

Select the menu “Method/"Standard”. The display shows:

Press Down button (next page) or Up button (previous page) to scroll through
standard methods listed.
Use the touch-screen to select the method required. The following window appears:

10006905/B2 31
Method name: Name of the method selected.
Official reference: reference to the official method.
Sample: indication about the weight of the sample to be used
Extraction cup: type of the extraction cups in terms of dimensions to be used
Thimbles: type of thimbles in terms of dimensions to be used
Solvent type: solvent to be used
Solvent (ml): volume of the solvent to be used
Gasket: type of the gasket to be used
Immersion: the time and the temperature level for the immersion step
Removing: the time and the temperature level for the removing step
Washing: the time and the temperature level for the washing step
Recovery: the time and the temperature level for the recovery step
Cooling: the time for the cooling step

Press Confirm to confirm the method selected and go directly to the "Analysis" menu
(see chapter 4.3).
Press Favorites to save this method in the Favorites method menu. (see chap. 4.5.3)

NOTE: These are read-only windows.

4.5.2 Custom methods (50 to 79)

Select the menu “Method/"Custom”. The display shows:

10006905/B2 32
Press Down button (next page) or Up button (previous page) to scroll through the 30
custom methods listed.
Use the touch-screen to select the method required and to set the fields listed in the
chap. 4.5.1:
- Method name: Name of the method (free field)
- Official reference: reference to the official method (free field)
- Sample: indication about the weight of the sample to be used
- Extraction cup: type of the extraction cup in terms of dimensions to be used. It is
possible to choose among:

NOTE: Standard beaker is also available in aluminum. For qualitative analyses it is

suggested to use glass beaker.
Press “back” to return in the previous window.
- Thimbles: type of thimble in terms of dimensions to be used. It is possible to
choose among:

Press “back” to return in the previous window.

NOTE: The crucible is glass made and it is used when hydrolysis with HU6 is
performed before.
NOTE: Thimbles 25x80mm or 33x80mm are available also in glass fiber.
- Solvent type: solvent to be used. It is possible to choose the solvent among
standards list below:

10006905/B2 33
or to create a new one, pressing on “Custom” button. In this case it is necessary to
set solvent name and temperature level and correct gasket material:
NOTE: to choose the heating level for the new solvent, please see chap.3.6
- Solvent volume: volume of the solvent to be used
NOTE: the maximum set solvent volume is 200ml (with large extractions cup). It’s
possible to set and introduce solvent volume less than the minimum suggested just
to create custom methods for wash down with custom solvents.
- Gasket: type of the gasket to be used. It is possible to choose among:

NOTE: to choose the correct gasket, please see chap.3.7

- Immersion: the time for the immersion step
- Removing: the time for the removing step
- Washing: the time for the washing step
- Recovery: the time for the recovery step
- Cooling: the time for the cooling step

NOTE: the temperature level for the different steps is just shown because it is
connected to the type of solvent.
Press Confirm to save the method and go to the "Analysis" menu (see chapter 4.3).
Press Save to save the method and remain in the same window.
Press Favorites to save this method in the Favorites method menu (see chap. 4.5.3).

NOTE: it is possible to create, save and modify the custom methods only in
Superuser level if Superuser password is set.

10006905/B2 34
 4.5.3 Favorites methods

This menu contains the list of standard or customer methods chosen as favorites. To
remove the method from the list, press the button “Favorites” off.

4.6 Results
Select the menu “Results”. The display shows the rows of the archive still with no
results yet.
It is possible to select maximum 24 rows and press “Calculate”. Information about
type and sample name are copied in the table below:

After filling the “TOTAL” column manually or using a balance (see chap. 4.3.2 “Fill
the weight with balance”) with the final weight (tare + extract), press “CALCULATE”
in order to obtain the results in terms of EXTRACT (g) and EXTRACT (%).
If more than one row is filled, pressing Calculate, the results automatically appear in
term of Average, SD (standard deviation) and RSD (relative standard deviation) in
(g) and (%).
Pressing SAVE, the results are saved in the archive.
NOTE: It is possible also to overwrite previous results.
By pressing REPORT, the instrument creates a report directly onto the pen drive, if
connected to the SER, after filling the file name.

NOTE: it is possible to move into this menu also from the “Archive” menu. It is
always possible to recalculate final results by selecting the corresponding row(s) and
pressing “RECALCULATE”.

10006905/B2 35
4.7 Check up
Select the menu “Check-up” from the main menu.

4.7.1 Lift
It is possible to check the functionality of the lift: Press “START” to launch the
automatic procedure. At the end of the procedure, the instrument shows whether the
movement is correct or incorrect. In case of failure, please contact the service dept.
of VELP SCIENTIFICA S.r.l.
Press and hold the “UP” or “DOWN” button to move the lift manually up or down. It is
possible to check the lift of other units connected to the ControlPad by pressing on
SER2, SER3, SER4 if connected.

4.7.2 LEDs
It is possible to check the operation of the LEDs.

Pressing START, sequentially after each position (1-3 or 1-6), the LEDs are
switched on and then off and the correspondent positions becomes blue. During
the procedure, the button reading “START”, changes to read “STOP”. Press it to
stop the procedure.

10006905/B2 36
 4.7.3 Heating plates
It is possible to check the operation of the heating elements.

By pressing “START”, the heating elements are switched on for 1 minute. After 1
minute, they are then switched off. The corresponding icon(s) become blue with red
flame. During this procedure, the START button then displays as “STOP.” By
pressing the STOP button, it is possible to end the procedure. At the end of the
procedure, the instrument shows whether the procedure is correct or incorrect. In
case of failure, please contact service dept. of VELP SCIENTIFICA S.r.l.

4.7.4 Cooling water

It is possible to check the operation of the water sensor.

Press START to begin the procedure. If the procedure fails, check and ensure the
tap water is open and the flow is more than 1l/min. If the tap water is open, but the
check persists to fail, please contact the service dept. of VELP SCIENTIFICA S.r.l.

4.7.5 Safety guard

It is possible to check the operation of the safety guard, following the instructions at
the screen.

10006905/B2 37
 4.7.6 Recovery tank
It is possible to empty the recovery tank from the solvent recovered during the
analysis. It is necessary to perform this at the end of each analysis or before starting
a new one. (see chap. 2.1.1)

Press the START button to start the procedure, after following the instructions
reported.

4.7.7 Fill solvent tubes

It is possible to load the solvent into the tubes or empty the tubes when it is
necessary to change the solvent. Press the button START and follow the instructions
reported at the chap.4.3.4, in automatic way.

4.8 Set up
Select the menu “Set up” from the main menu.
It is possible:
-to set date and time (Date and time menu)
-to set the language (Language menu)
-to connect some external devices (Connectivity menu, see chap. 3.4)
-to decide to load the solvent automatically or in manual way (Analysis
options/Solvent loading menu)
- to decide the end of recovery step (Analysis options/End recovery menu).

On the main screen at the top bar it is possible to see between:

-FFU: first finish up: the extraction ends when an extraction cup is dried

10006905/B2 38
-LFU: last finish up: the extraction ends when the last extraction cup is dried

NOTE: in case of LFU set, the heating elements of the positions that step by step
become dried are switched off. This avoids burning the extract.
NOTE: The presence of the solvent, in any single extraction cup, is only detectable
during the first three steps of analysis. If an extraction cup becomes dried during any
of the three analysis steps, the corresponding heating element is switched off and
the software advises with a message.

- to set the beeps and LED’s (Beeps and LED’s menu)

- to change the level and the password (User account menu): there are four different
levels: User, Superuser, Service, Velp.

CREDENTIALS: The account “USER” is the default access credential for the
software use. Every time the instrument is switched off and on, User Level is set. In
this level, it is possible to create or delete methods and data only if the
“SUPERUSER LEVEL” has not been previously recorded. (Superuser password
differs from default password “0000”)

NOTE: The Service level is for technician who performs the maintenance of the
instrument

- to fill the information about the laboratory (name of laboratory menu)

NOTE: this information will be printed on the report of results.

4.9 Service
Select the menu “Service” from the main menu it is possible:
- to see the number of the analyses performed by each instrument, the movements
of the lift and the operating hours of the heating element (Counter menu).
- to see information about the software version (software information menu)
- to update the software using a pen drive (Update software menu)
- to empty the archive (Empty archive menu, not possible in User level)
- to create a diagnostic file, if a pen drive is connected (Diagnostic menu)
- to come back in the standard configuration of the instrument (Reset menu).

NOTE: Resetting the unit does not delete serial numbers, archive and counter
information.

4.10 Guide
Select Guide from the “Main” menu. The Guide contains the full operating manual.

10006905/B2 39
5. Operating Controls
5.1 Safety devices
The instrument is equipped with various safety devices that can prevent start-up or
interrupt a work-cycle to protect the operator and the instrument itself.

Safety guard:
If the safety guard in front of the extraction cups is not closed, analysis will not start
when START is pressed. An acoustic signal warns the operator of an error and the
following warning message appears on the display: "Close safety guard”
If the safety guard is opened during a work cycle an acoustic signal warns of the
danger, till the safety guard is closed. The analysis is not interrupted.

Overfilling
The unit is fitted with a dedicated hydraulic circuit for the removal of solvent residue
which is conveyed to an internal cooled tank for recovering it.
If the volume of the solvent into the recovery tank is too high, at the beginning or
during the analysis, the display shows " Recovery tank full” and the analysis is
stopped. Empty the solvent tank to proceed.

5.2 Warning signals and messages

Insufficient cooling water
The unit is fitted with flow meter that measures the cooling water flow rate.
If the tap has not been turned on or the tap water flow rate is too low (under 1l/min):
- when the instrument is turned on, the display shows "Tap water flow insufficient"
to remind the operator to restore a sufficient flow of water:

- in the case of insufficient water supply during the work-cycle, an acoustic signal
warns the operator of an error and the display shows the above message whilst
continuing the work-cycle. If the minimum flow-rate is not restored within 20 seconds
the cycle is automatically interrupted;
- in the case of insufficient water supply when START is pressed in the "Checkup-
cooling water menu”, the display shows the above message

Empty tank
When the analysis finishes, or after switching on the instrument with the tank is filled
with the solvent, the display shows: ”Solvent detected in the recovery tank”.

Wait, heating plate too high

The instrument is equipped with a sensor for each position that constantly detects
the temperature of each heating plate.

10006905/B2 40
- When START is pressed in the "Analysis" menu, if one or more sensors of active
positions read temperature too high, the display shows "Wait, heating plate $
temperature too high" to remind the operator that it’s necessary to wait for the
cooling of the heating plate.
- When START is pressed in the "Check-up/Lift", “Check-up/Fill solvent tubes” and
FILL in the “Analysis/Automatic loading” menu, if one or more sensors read
temperature too high, the display shows "Wait, heating plates temperature too
high" to remind the operator that it’s necessary to wait for the cooling of all heating
plates.

Faulty temperature sensor

The instrument is equipped with a sensor for each position that constantly detects
the temperature of each heating plate.
- When the instrument is turned on, if one or more sensors reads temperature out of
range, the display shows "Faulty temperature sensor position $" to alert the
operator that this position cannot be used until repaired.
- When START is pressed in the "Analysis" menu, if one or more sensors of active
positions reads temperature out of range, the display shows the above message to
remind the operator that this position cannot be used until repaired.

6. Working cycle
After the installation of the new equipment it is suggested to perform a wash down
cycle with the solvent that will be used for the extraction. This is aimed to remove
traces of grease deriving from the assembling which could impair the results of first
extractions.
1. Turn on the unit by the general switch located on the right of the instrument.
2. Open cooling water tap.
3. Go into the Analysis menu and set the operating parameters or confirm the set
ones.
NOTE: As delivered the unit is equipped by Viton seals. If the used solvent
requires Butyl seals or Vaflon proceed to change them at described at chap.3.7.

4. Introduce samples into thimbles if preliminary hydrolysis is not necessary, after

installing the thimble into the thimble holder. To do this put the thimble holder on
the table with the large part in contact with the table and introduce the thimble till it
touches the table. This is the correct length.

NOTE: if a preliminary hydrolysis is to be done, introduce in the extraction cup the

crucible with the dry hydrolyzed sample, using the crucible holder supplied as
accessories of HU 6.

10006905/B2 41
5. Weigh the extraction cup with boiling stones, if necessary.
6. Place extraction cups on the SER with solvent or empty if automatic loading
solvent is set
7. Press Confirm.
8. Load the solvent automatically if this way is selected, following the instruction.
9. Press Start, the instrument performs automatically the steps for Randall
analysis, that consist of
-Immersion
-Removing
- Washing
and the additional Recovery and Cooling steps. At the end of the analysis
automatically, the instrument lifts up the EXTRACTION CUP and switches the
heating elements off.
NOTE: The minimum time of the Removing step is calculated by instrument
depending on the quantity of solvent and extraction cup selected. This time can
only be increased by the user.
NOTE: The minimum time of the cooling step is calculated by instrument
depending on the selected solvent. This time can only be increased by the user. It
can be reduced automatically if the temperature of the heating plate decreases
under safety temperature within minimum time of cooling step.
NOTE: When the time of the cooling is gone by, the tap water flow is closed.
10. Open the protection guard and remove the extraction cups. Remove extraction
thimbles or the crucibles. Recover solvent with the recovery tank procedure.
11. Put the extraction cup in the oven and then into the desiccator before taking the
total weight
12. If the Details page is filled in before to start the analysis, fill this value into the
Results menu to obtain directly the results in terms of grams and percentage of
extract.

6.1 Calculation of the results

The results are gravimetrically determined, by using the formula:

Fat % = (Mtot - Mtare) x 100 / (Msample)

Where:
Msample = sample weight (g)
Mtare = weight of the empty extraction cup (g)
Mtot = weight of the extraction cup + extract (g)

10006905/B2 42
6.2 Randall system
Below the steps of the SER158

1-IMMERSION 2-REMOVING 3- WASHING

The sample is immersed The level of the solvent is The condensed solvent
in boiling solvent for an automatically lowered flows over the sample
effective defatting action. below the extraction and through the thimble
thimble. Part of the to complete the extraction
solvent is collected in the process.
recovery tank; the rest
continues to flow through
the sample.

4- RECOVERY 5- COOLING
More than 90% of the The heating elements are
solvent is recovered in switched off and the
the internal recovery tank. extraction cups containing
the extracts are
automatically lifted to
prevent extracted matter
burning.

10006905/B2 43
7. End-of-work operations
At the end of the day, perform the following operations:

- empty the solvent tank

- close the tap water supply
- Switch off the instrument by the main switch
- close the protection guard

NOTE: the instrument can automatically, at the end of the analysis, switch the
heating element off, lift up the beaker(s), and close the circulation of the cooling
water (Load and go)

8. Maintenance
The instrument is equipped with a stroke counter to alert the operator, via display
messages, when to the maintenance schedule.
The maintenance (ordinary and extraordinary) is the basic requirement to extend the
life of the instrument and to ensure that it will always find the best working conditions.
It's important to follow these guidelines.
When the warning about the extraordinary maintenance is visualized, please contact
the dealer VELP SCIENTIFICA S.r.l.

CAUTION
Always wear personal protective equipment (goggles, protective clothing and gloves)
during maintenance operations.
Before performing any maintenance, switch off the power supply and remove all
sources of flammable vapor.
Never use solvents or detergents, which could damage the instrument.
Pay attention in the disassembly and seals (Viton, EPDM and Vaflon). In order to not
damage the seals and the collection funnel, use the supplied wrench. Do not use or
touch the seals with sharp objects that could damage them.
Do not grease the seals under any circumstances because it could distort the results
of subsequent tests.
Make sure the heating plate is cold.
Maintenance work not mentioned in this manual including the response to internal
parts, must be performed by persons authorized by Velp Scientifica S.r.l.

8.1 Routine maintenance

Routine maintenance must be done daily after the use of the tool and consists of the
following:

• Wipe the visible parts of the machine using a damp cloth or sponge moistened
with water; in particular, the glass-ceramic heating plate.

• Clean the extraction cups and crucibles with hot water and detergent using a
brush to clean them thoroughly or wash them in a laboratory dishwasher, if
present. The glass parts can be dried in a drying oven at 100 °C for 30 minutes
or in a vacuum oven at 70 °C for 20 minutes. Allow to cool slowly after the glass
parts before reuse.

10006905/B2 44
8.2 Extraordinary maintenance
Cleaning of cooling tap water filter
Unplug the unit from electric supply and remove the connection to tap water.
Remove the cooling water tube from the unit and pull out the filter using small
pincers. Clean the filter under flowing water or by compressed air

Replacement of gaskets
Retaining gaskets between extraction cups and titanium condensers are to be
changed if required. This includes if they are worn or no longer elastic. See chap.
3.7.
Oxidizing procedure for cleaning glassware
Glassware can be washed normally using a solution prepared dissolving 30 g
of sodium hydroxide (NaOH, technical grade), 10 g of sodium tripolyphosphate
(Na5P3O10, technical grade) and 2 g of sodium lauryl sulfate (C12H25NaSO4,
commercial mixture) in 1 L of deionized water.
Glassware can be cleaned by chromic acid oxidation (dichromate and concentrated
sulfuric acid), sulfonitric acid oxidation (warm concentrated sulfuric acid with small
amounts of potassium or sodium nitrate or nitric acid), or by nitrous oxide oxidation
(sodium nitrite and concentrated sulfuric or hydrochloric acids). Chromic-sulfuric acid
mixture is prepared adding slowly 1 l of concentrated sulfuric acid (H 2SO4, d.1.84,
technical grade) to 35 ml of saturated sodium dichromate aqueous solution
(Na2Cr2O7, 73% w/w at 20°C, technical grade) while stirring.
The cold mixture must be left in contact with glassware for at least 15 minutes, better
if its left overnight. The freshly prepared solution is orange-red and becomes green
after repeated use due to the reduction of Cr VI to Cr III.
Exhausted chromic-sulfuric mixture must be disposed of in a proper manner due to
environmental toxicity of chromium.
Nitrous oxide oxidation of organic residues can be obtained washing the glassware
with hot concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 70%, d. 1.62 technical grade) to which a
few drops of saturated sodium nitrite aqueous solution (NaNO2, technical grade, 100
g into 150 ml of tap water) are added before use.
Another method is based on concentrated nitric acid oxidation: the addition of a few
drops of ethanol produces after minutes an exothermic reaction and the evolution of
oxidizing nitrous oxide.
Attention: all these treatments must be performed under a fume hood due to the
extreme toxicity of evolved nitric-nitrous fumes. After oxidizing treatment, the filters
must be thoroughly rinsed with tap water and finally with deionized water and then

10006905/B2 45
dried. Using nitric acid protect hands with PVC gloves and not rubber which is
attacked.

8.3 Expedients for transport

When transporting the equipment through freight forwarders, couriers or other, it
must be made using the original packaging airbags which the instrument and
provided when shipped from new and placed on pallets.
The handling of the instrument by the operator must be disconnected and removed
after the Control Pad.

NOTE: It is important to empty the internal pipes of the machine, in order to prevent
any residues of solvent and water from the mains may damage the machine during
transport.

Emptying circuit of the solvent

Before disconnecting the instrument from the power supply and hydraulic discharge
empty the recovery solvent tank (see chap.4.7.5)

Draining water circuit network

Disconnect the tap water inlet tube from the tap water source.
Go to "Check-up" / "Cooling water", press START to open the tap water valve. Blow
air in the cooling water inlet pipe at maximum pressure 0.2 MPa (2 bar) until no more
water gets out from the outlet tube. The tap water valve remains open approximately
for 20”, in case press START again.

9. Disposing of the unit

Place the caps provided on the hydraulic connectors on the rear of the instrument.
For the temporary decommissioning always empty the tubes of reagents, as
described in "Expedients for transport”.

The instrument is classified as electrical/electronic apparatus and must

be disposed of accordingly. The unit is subject to waste separation and
cannot be disposed of as urban waste under EEC directive 2002/96/CE.
For more information please contact the relative division of your local
town council.

10006905/B2 46
10. Accessories
Description Code Image
Connection cable SER158 Slave A00000287

PC Connection cable SER158 A00000289

Extraction cup Ø 65x120mm 3pcs/box A00000302

Extraction cup Ø 48x120mm 3pcs/box A00000303

Extraction cup Ø 56 x120mm aluminum A00000361

3pcs/box

White Vaflon seal SER158 3pcs/box A00000288

Extraction thimbles holder D.40 A00000292

Extraction thimbles holder D.25 A00000291

Crucible holder HU 6 for SER158 A00000293

Extraction thimbles 40x80mm, 25pcs/box A00000296

Extraction thimbles 25x80mm, 25pcs/box A00000294

Thimble weighing cup A00000310

Thimbles stand (6 places) A00000311

Connection 1/4 NPT - tube 4.3/4.5 mm OD A00000299

Connection 1/4 NPT - tube 4.8/5 mm OD A00000300

Glass bottle for solvent collection A00000301

10006905/B2 47
 Handling device extraction cups SER158/6 A00000304

Glass fiber thimbles 33x80mm, 25pcs/box A00000313

Glass fiber thimbles 25x80mm, 25pcs/box A00000314

Extension lead 2m for Control Pad A00000315

Adapter USB-RS232 A00000195

Barcode scanner with USB socket A00000364

Wireless barcode scanner A00000365

IQ/OQ/PQ Manual SER158 A00000306

11. Spare parts

Description Code
Retarded fuse 5x20mm 8A 10000670
Foot 29Dx15H screwed 10002947
Equal straight connector diam. 8mm 10006927
Glass tube condenser 10006086
OR 3218 FEP 10007032
OR M 0075-20 Viton 10003412
Handle 10006763

The spare parts mentioned above may be replaced by the operator.

For other parts (and the complete list), contact your nearest service center Velp.

10006905/B2 48
12. Technical features

GENERAL F303A0380 F303A0390

Power supply V-Hz 115/230 (+/-10%) – 50-60
Total electric power W 630/850
Dimension (W x H x D) mm 546x546x450 358x546x450
inch 21,5x21,5x17,7 14x21,5x17,7
Dimension with Control Pad mm 546x546x570 358x546x570
inch 21,5x21,5x22,4 14x21,5x22,4
Weight (Extraction Unit/Control Pad) Kg 36 / 1 29 / 1
lb 80,3 / 2,2 64 / 2,2
Display LCD graphic color touch-screen
Pollution degree 2
Overvoltage category II
Level of electrical protection EN60529 IP41
Max. Altitude m 2000
Max. Admitted humidity % Max 85
Storage temperature range °C +5 ….+60
°F +41 …+140
Ambient temperature range °C +5 …..+40
°F +41 …+104
Fuses A 2xT8A L250 V
Sound Level dBA 35

PERFORMANCES
Recovery rate %  90

CONSUMPTION
Cooling water
(during analysis only) l/1’ > 1

10006905/B2 49
ANALYTICAL METHODS
Standard methods N° 34 pre-defined based on official methods
Customizable methods N° 30

Each method includes the following parameters:

Reference to official methods

Sample (g) from 0.5 to 15 g with thimbles 33x80 mm
(normally 2-3 g)
Extraction cup
Thimble
Solvent type
Solvent volume up to 200ml
Gasket type
Immersion time from 0 to 600’
Immersion level up to 10
Removing time from 0 to 600’
Removing level up to 10
Washing time from 0 to 600’
Washing level up to 10
Recovery time from 0 to 600’
Recovery level up to 10
Cooling time  5’

ANALYSIS DATA
The following parameters can be set for each analysis:

Method
Operator name
Sample name
Sample quantity g
Results %extract, g extract
Average; SD, RSD in g or %

INTERFACES
N°2 USB for balance, USB pen drive, mouse
N°1 USB on the controlPad suggested for USB pen drive
LAN for network connection

10006905/B2 50
13. Wiring diagram
SER158/6

10006905/B2 51
 SER158/3

10006905/B2 52
 N° Description
1 Fuse 5x20 8A
2 General switch
3 Ceramic heating plate
4 Air pump
5 Vacuum pump
6 Tap water valve
7 3-way valve
8 Discharge solvent valve
9 Discharge solvent motor
10 Solvent inlet motor
11 Sensor lift electronic board
12 Microswitch lift motor
13 Fill sensor tank
14 Over fill sensor tank
15 Inlet solvent sensor motor
16 Discharge solvent sensor motor
17 Microswitch frontal protection
18 Flow meter tap water
19 Heating sensor Pt100
20 ControlPad
21 USB LAN electronic board
22 “Extra unit” connectors
23 LED electronic board
24 Power supply
25 Power board
26 Lift motor
27 Inlet power

10006905/B2 53
14. Hydraulic scheme
SER158/6

A-Tap water valve B-Tap water flow-meter C-IN solvent valve D-OUT solvent valve
E-Vacuum Pump F-Air Pump G-3-way valve H-Discharge solvent valve

10006905/B2 54
 SER158/6

DIAMETER LENGTH
No. Qty MATERIAL
(mm) (cm)
1 1 LLDPE 6x8 67
2 2 LLDPE 6x8 21,5
3 2 LLDPE 6x8 34,5
4 2 LLDPE 6x8 32
5 4 LLDPE 6x8 18
6 1 LLDPE 6x8 45
7 1 LLDPE 6x8 40
8 1 PTFE 6,5x7,5 6
9 1 PTFE 4x6 52
10 1 PTFE 4x6 22
11 1 PTFE 4x6 71
12 1 PTFE 4x6 8
13 2 PTFE 4x6 9,2
14 1 PTFE 4x6 17,5
15 12 PTFE 1/16’’x1/8’’ 50
16 1 PTFE 4x6 150
17 1 PVC 7x10 200

PUR = Polyurethane
PTFE = Polytetrafluoroethylene
PVC = Polyvinyl chloride

10006905/B2 55
 SER158/3

A-Tap water valve B-Tap water flow-meter C-IN solvent valve D-OUT solvent valve
E-Vacuum Pump F-Air Pump G-3-way valve H-Discharge solvent valve

10006905/B2 56
 SER158/3

DIAMETER LENGTH
No. Qty MATERIAL
(mm) (cm)
1 1 LLDPE 6x8 96
2 6 PTFE 1/16’’x1/8’’ 50
3 2 LLDPE 6x8 18
4 1 LLDPE 6x8 71
5 1 LLDPE 6x8 40
6 1 PTFE 6,5x7,5 6
7 1 PTFE 4x6 52
8 1 PTFE 4x6 22
9 1 PTFE 4x6 71
10 1 PTFE 4x6 8
11 2 PTFE 4x6 9,2
12 1 PTFE 4x6 17,5
13 1 PTFE 4x6 150
14 1 PVC 7x10 200

PUR = Polyurethane
PTFE = Polytetrafluoroethylene
PVC = Polyvinyl chloride

10006905/B2 57
15. Warranty
The unit is guaranteed against production defects for 25 months from our invoice
date.
Warranty claims can be accepted only if the system has been installed and used as
specified on the manual and carried out by qualified service personnel as appointed
by VELP Scientifica.

In accordance with this guarantee VELP SCIENTIFICA undertakes to repair any

units resulting as faulty due to the quality of the materials used or poor workmanship.
Units rendered faulty due to inexpert handling/use or carelessness will not be
replaced or repaired under warranty.

For more details please contact your Distributor.

Exclusions

The guarantee will be considered null and void for faults resulting from:
- inexperience and carelessness of the operator
- repairs, maintenance or replacement of parts carried out by personnel or
Companies not authorized by the manufacturer
- use of the instrument that does not comply to the instructions/recommendations
given in the present operating manual
- use of non-original spare parts.

16. Suggestions
We will be pleased to receive any comments and/or suggestions that will help us to
improve this operating manual.

e-mail: [email protected]

10006905/B2 58
Flow sheet for a typical extraction of soluble
matter by an organic solvent from solid
samples
A Grind and homogenize the sample

B Weigh the sample in relation to the presumed content of extractable

matter

If preliminary hydrolysis is not required, introduce sample directly inside

C the thimble; in case of required preliminary hydrolysis, refer to the
manual of HU6 unit to perform the procedure.

D Dry and weigh the extraction cup with some boiling stones (if they are
required).

Place the thimble containing the sample or the glass crucible

E containing the hydrolyzed sample into the extraction cup.

F Introduce the extraction cup in SER158, without solvent if using the

automatic load mode or with solvent if you are not using this mode.

G Start the analysis. The unit will perform automatically the 5 steps of the
analysis if set: Immersion, Removing, Washing, Recovery, Cooling.

Dry the extract collecting vessel with boiling stones (if used) in an oven
H during 60 minutes at a temperature high enough to evaporate
completely solvent residues.

I Cool the extraction cup in a desiccator and weigh it.

Compute the result. The weight of extract is given by the weight of

J point I less the weight of extract collecting vessel with boiling stones of
point D and is to be referred to sample weight as point B

10006905/B2 59
ANALYTICAL METHOD
1 Determination of crude fat in meat and processed meat
The solvent extraction is performed on dried samples.
1) Sample preparation:
A ground and homogenized sample is dried in a fan oven at 102-105 °C for
6 hours, mixing sometimes to help the drying. Record the weight of the
sample before and after the desiccation in order to calculate the loss of
humidity. If necessary, grind the dried sample in order to increase the
homogeneity of the sample.
Put 3 - 4 g of dry sample in each thimble (Msample). The sample weight can
be adjusted in accordance with the expected fat content.
2) Glass extraction cups preparation:
Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.
3) Solvent:
Petroleum ether 40-60 °C
4) Solvent extraction:
The extraction cups containing the thimbles can now be placed on the ultra-
fast heating plate of SER 158.
On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Crude fat in meat
and processed meat” including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 25 minutes
• Removing Time: 10 minutes
• Washing Time: 55 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 3 minutes
• Petroleum Ether 40-60 °C, 100 ml
• O-ring: Viton (green)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 100
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the thimbles. Allow the solvent to
filter through the thimble before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.
5) Calculation of the result:
See chap. 6.1.
6) References:
ISO1444:1996; AOAC 991.36; AOAC 960.39

10006905/B2 60
2 Determination of total fat in meat and processed meat

A preliminary acid hydrolysis is aimed to free occluded or bound lipids.

Follow accurately the “Hydrolysis procedure for meat and processed meat”,
detailed in the HU6 operating manual, in order to carry on the preliminary
hydrolysis in the best conditions to assure reliable and accurate final results.
1) Glass extraction cups preparation:
Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.
2) Solvent:
Petroleum ether 40-60 °C

3) Solvent extraction:
If dried test portions will not be immediately extracted, put them in a
desiccator, or let the crucibles cool to room temperature and then, mix the
layer of hydrolyzed sample and Celite with a spatula to obtain a powdery
hydrolysis. Take care to not damage the bottom layer of glass sand.
At this point, before starting the extraction, add a new layer of glass sand (20
g) to avoid the Celite buoyancy.
The extraction cups containing the glass crucibles can now be placed on the
ultra-fast heating plate of SER 158.

On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Total fat in meat and
processed meat” including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 50 minutes
• Removing Time: 10 minutes
• Washing Time: 45 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 3 minutes
• Petroleum Ether 40-60 °C, 100 ml
• O-ring: Viton (green)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 100
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the crucibles. Allow the solvent
to filter through the crucible before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.

4) Calculation of the result:

See chap. 6.1

5) References:
ISO 1443-1973

10006905/B2 61
3 Determination of total fat in fish and derived products

A preliminary acid hydrolysis is aimed to free occluded or bound lipids.

Follow accurately the “Hydrolysis procedure for fish and derived products”,
detailed in the HU6 operating manual, in order to carry on the preliminary
hydrolysis in the best conditions to assure reliable and accurate final results.
1) Glass extraction cups preparation:
Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.
2) Solvent:
Petroleum ether

3) Solvent extraction:
If dried test portions will not be immediately extracted, put them in a
desiccator, or let the crucibles cool to room temperature and then, mix the
layer of hydrolyzed sample and Celite with a spatula to obtain a powdery
hydrolysis. Take care to not damage the bottom layer of glass sand.
At this point, before starting the extraction, add a new layer of glass sand (20
g) to avoid the Celite buoyancy.
The extraction cups containing the glass crucibles can now be placed on the
ultra-fast heating plate of SER 158.

On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Total fat in fish and
fish products” including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 50 minutes
• Removing Time: 10 minutes
• Washing Time: 45 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 3 minutes
• Petroleum ether, 100 ml
• O-ring: Butyl (grey) (Viton)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 100
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the crucibles. Allow the solvent
to filter through the crucible before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.

4) Calculation of the result:

See chap. 6.1

5) References:
AOAC 948.15

10006905/B2 62
4 Determination of total fat in whole eggs

A preliminary acid hydrolysis is aimed to free occluded or bound lipids.

Follow accurately the “Hydrolysis procedure for whole eggs”, detailed in the
HU6 operating manual, in order to carry on the preliminary hydrolysis in the
best conditions to assure reliable and accurate final results.
1) Glass extraction cups preparation:
Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.
2) Solvent:
Diethyl ether

3) Solvent extraction:
If dried test portions will not be immediately extracted, put them in a
desiccator, or let the crucibles cool to room temperature and then, mix the
layer of hydrolyzed sample and Celite with a spatula to obtain a powdery
hydrolysis. Take care to not damage the bottom layer of glass sand.
At this point, before starting the extraction, add a new layer of glass sand (20
g) to avoid the Celite buoyancy.
The extraction cups containing the glass crucibles can now be placed on the
ultra-fast heating plate of SER 158.

On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Total fat in whole
egg” including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 60 minutes
• Removing Time: 10 minutes
• Washing Time: 50 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 4 minutes
• Diethyl ether, 100 ml
• O-ring: Vaflon (white)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 100
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the crucibles. Allow the solvent
to filter through the crucible before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.

4) Calculation of the result:

See chap. 6.1

5) References:
AOAC 925.32

10006905/B2 63
5 Determination of total fat in oily seeds and nuts
A preliminary acid hydrolysis is aimed to free occluded or bound lipids.
Follow accurately the “Hydrolysis procedure for oily seeds and nuts”,
detailed in the HU6 operating manual, in order to carry on the preliminary
hydrolysis in the best conditions to assure reliable and accurate final results.
1) Glass extraction cups preparation:
Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.
2) Solvent:
n-Hexane

3) Solvent extraction:
If dried test portions will not be immediately extracted, put them in a
desiccator, or let the crucibles cool to room temperature and then, mix the
layer of hydrolyzed sample and Celite with a spatula to obtain a powdery
hydrolysis. Take care to not damage the bottom layer of glass sand.
At this point, before starting the extraction, add a new layer of glass sand (20
g) to avoid the Celite buoyancy.
The extraction cups containing the glass crucibles can now be placed on the
ultra-fast heating plate of SER 158.

On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Total fat in oily seeds
and nuts” including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 60 minutes
• Removing Time: 10 minutes
• Washing Time: 50 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 4 minutes
• n-hexane, 100 ml
• O-ring: Viton (green)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 100
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the crucibles. Allow the solvent
to filter through the crucible before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.

4) Calculation of the result:

See chap. 6.1

5) References:
AOAC 2003.06

10006905/B2 64
6 Determination of total fat in milk powder

A preliminary acid hydrolysis is aimed to free occluded or bound lipids.

Follow accurately the “Hydrolysis procedure for milk powder”, detailed in the
HU6 operating manual, in order to carry on the preliminary hydrolysis in the
best conditions to assure reliable and accurate final results.

1) Glass extraction cups preparation:

Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.
2) Solvent:
Petroleum ether 40-60 °C
3) Solvent extraction:
If dried test portions will not be immediately extracted, put them in a
desiccator, or let the crucibles cool to room temperature and then, mix the
layer of hydrolyzed sample and Celite with a spatula to obtain a powdery
hydrolysis. Take care to not damage the bottom layer of glass sand.
At this point, before starting the extraction, add a new layer of glass sand (20
g) to avoid the Celite buoyancy.
The extraction cups containing the glass crucibles can now be placed on the
ultra-fast heating plate of SER 158.

On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Total fat in milk
powder” including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 55 minutes
• Removing Time: 10 minutes
• Washing Time: 55 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 3 minutes
• Petroleum ether 40-60 °C, 100 ml
• O-ring: Viton (green)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 100
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the crucibles. Allow the solvent
to filter through the crucible before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.
4) Calculation of the result:
See chap. 6.1
5) References:
AOAC 963.15

10006905/B2 65
7 Determination of total fat in condensed milk

A preliminary acid hydrolysis is aimed to free occluded or bound lipids.

Follow accurately the “Hydrolysis procedure for condensed milk”, detailed in
the HU6 operating manual, in order to carry on the preliminary hydrolysis in
the best conditions to assure reliable and accurate final results.

1) Glass extraction cups preparation:

Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.
2) Solvent:
Petroleum ether 40-60 °C

3) Solvent extraction:
If dried test portions will not be immediately extracted, put them in a
desiccator, or let the crucibles cool to room temperature and then, mix the
layer of hydrolyzed sample and Celite with a spatula to obtain a powdery
hydrolysis. Take care to not damage the bottom layer of glass sand.
At this point, before starting the extraction, add a new layer of glass sand (20
g) to avoid the Celite buoyancy.
The extraction cups containing the glass crucibles can now be placed on the
ultra-fast heating plate of SER 158.

On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Total fat in
condensed milk” including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 60 minutes
• Removing Time: 10 minutes
• Washing Time: 50 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 3 minutes
• Petroleum ether 40-60 °C, 100 ml
• O-ring: Viton (green)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 100
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the crucibles. Allow the solvent
to filter through the crucible before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.

4) Calculation of the result:

See chap. 6.1
5) References:
AOAC 933.05

10006905/B2 66
8 Determination of total fat in cheese

A preliminary acid hydrolysis is aimed to free occluded or bound lipids.

Follow accurately the “Hydrolysis procedure for cheese”, detailed in the HU6
operating manual, in order to carry on the preliminary hydrolysis in the best
conditions to assure reliable and accurate final results.
1) Glass extraction cups preparation:
Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.

2) Solvent:
Petroleum ether 40-60 °C
3) Solvent extraction:
If dried test portions will not be immediately extracted, put them in a
desiccator, or let the crucibles cool to room temperature and then, mix the
layer of hydrolyzed sample and Celite with a spatula to obtain a powdery
hydrolysis. Take care to not damage the bottom layer of glass sand.
At this point, before starting the extraction, add a new layer of glass sand (20
g) to avoid the Celite buoyancy.
The extraction cups containing the glass crucibles can now be placed on the
ultra-fast heating plate of SER 158.
On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Total fat in cheese”
including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 60 minutes
• Removing Time: 10 minutes
• Washing Time: 50 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 3 minutes
• Petroleum ether 40-60 °C, 100 ml
• O-ring: Viton (green)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 100
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the crucibles. Allow the solvent
to filter through the crucible before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.
4) Calculation of the result:
See chap. 6.1
5) References:
AOAC 933.05

10006905/B2 67
9 Determination of total fat in flour, bakery products and pasta

A preliminary acid hydrolysis is aimed to free occluded or bound lipids.

Follow accurately the “Hydrolysis procedure for flour, bakery products and
pasta”, detailed in the HU6 operating manual, in order to carry on the
preliminary hydrolysis in the best conditions to assure reliable and accurate
final results.
1) Glass extraction cups preparation:
Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.
2) Solvent:
Diethyl ether

3) Solvent extraction:
If dried test portions will not be immediately extracted, put them in a
desiccator, or let the crucibles cool to room temperature and then, mix the
layer of hydrolyzed sample and Celite with a spatula to obtain a powdery
hydrolysis. Take care to not damage the bottom layer of glass sand.
At this point, before starting the extraction, add a new layer of glass sand (20
g) to avoid the Celite buoyancy.
The extraction cups containing the glass crucibles can now be placed on the
ultra-fast heating plate of SER 158.

On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Total fat in flour,
bakery products and pasta” including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 90 minutes
• Removing Time: 10 minutes
• Washing Time: 50 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 4 minutes
• Diethyl ether, 100 ml
• O-ring: Vaflon (white)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 100
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the crucibles. Allow the solvent
to filter through the crucible before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.

4) Calculation of the result:

See chap. 6.1.

References:
AOAC 2003.05;

10006905/B2 68
10 Determination of crude fat in fried potatoes

1) Sample preparation:
Put 3 - 4 g of ground and homogenized sample in each thimble (Msample), and
add about 2 g of sodium sulfate anhydrous, in order to absorb humidity. Mix
using a glass rod and use defatted cotton in order to remove sample
residues from the glass rod and to plug the thimble.
The sample weight can be adjusted in accordance with the expected fat
content.

2) Glass extraction cups preparation:

Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.

3) Solvent:
Petroleum ether 40-60 °C

4) Solvent extraction:
The extraction cups containing the thimbles can now be placed on the ultra-
fast heating plate of SER 158.
On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Crude fat in fried
potatoes” including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 20 minutes
• Removing Time: 10 minutes
• Washing Time: 15 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 3 minutes
• Petroleum Ether 40-60 °C, 100 ml
• O-ring: Viton (green)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 100
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the thimbles. Allow the solvent to
filter through the thimble before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.

5) Calculation of the result:

See chap. 6.1

6) References:
AOAC 963.15

10006905/B2 69
11 Determination of crude fat in animal feed

1) Sample preparation:
Put 5 - 7 g of grounded and homogenized sample in each thimble (Msample).
The sample weight can be adjusted in accordance with the expected fat
content.

2) Glass extraction cups preparation:

Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.
3) Solvent:
Diethyl ether

4) Solvent extraction:
The extraction cups containing the thimbles can now be placed on the ultra-
fast heating plate of SER 158.
On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Crude fat in feed”
including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 25 minutes
• Removing Time: 10 minutes
• Washing Time: 55 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 4 minutes
• Diethyl ether, 100 ml
• O-ring: Vaflon (white)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 100
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the thimbles. Allow the solvent to
filter through the thimble before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.

5) Calculation of the result:

See chap. 6.1

6) References:
AOAC 920.39

10006905/B2 70
12 Determination of total fat in animal feed

A preliminary acid hydrolysis is aimed to free occluded or bound lipids.

Follow accurately the “Hydrolysis procedure for feed”, detailed in the HU6
operating manual, in order to carry on the preliminary hydrolysis in the best
conditions to assure reliable and accurate final results.
1) Glass extraction cups preparation:
Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.
2) Solvent:
Diethyl ether

3) Solvent extraction:
If dried test portions will not be immediately extracted, put them in a
desiccator, or let the crucibles cool to room temperature and then, mix the
layer of hydrolyzed sample and Celite with a spatula to obtain a powdery
hydrolysis. Take care to not damage the bottom layer of glass sand.
At this point, before starting the extraction, add a new layer of glass sand (20
g) to avoid the Celite buoyancy.
The extraction cups containing the glass crucibles can now be placed on the
ultra-fast heating plate of SER 158.

On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Total fat in feed”
including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 55 minutes
• Removing Time: 10 minutes
• Washing Time: 55 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 4 minutes
• Diethyl ether, 100 ml
• O-ring: Vaflon (white)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 100
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the crucibles. Allow the solvent
to filter through the crucible before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.

4) Calculation of the result:

See chap. 6.1
5) References:
AOAC 2003.06
AOAC 920.39B
ISO 5986-1983

10006905/B2 71
13 Determination of crude fat in creams and sauces

1) Sample preparation:
Put 1 g of homogeneous sample in each thimble (Msample) and add about 1 g
of sodium sulfate anhydrous, in order to absorb humidity. Mix using a glass
rod and use defatted cotton in order to remove sample residues from the
glass rod and to plug the thimble.
The sample weight can be adjusted in accordance with the expected fat
content.

2) Glass extraction cups preparation:

Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.
3) Solvent:
Petroleum Ether 40-60 °C
4) Solvent extraction:
The extraction cups containing the thimbles can now be placed on the ultra-
fast heating plate of SER 158.
On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Crude fat in creams
and sauces” including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 30 minutes
• Removing Time: 10 minutes
• Washing Time: 60 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 3 minutes
• Petroleum Ether 40-60 °C, 100 ml
• O-ring: Viton (green)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 100
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the thimbles. Allow the solvent to
filter through the thimble before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.

5) Calculation of the result:

See chap. 6.1

6) References:
AOAC 920.172

10006905/B2 72
14 Determination of crude fat in chocolate

1) Sample preparation:
Put some chocolate blocks in a beaker and melt it at 45 °C for 1 hour in a
fan oven. Mix thoroughly using a spatula in order to homogenize it.
Put 2 g of melted sample in each thimble (Msample) containing about 15 g of
sodium sulfate anhydrous. Mix thoroughly using a glass rod and use
defatted cotton in order to remove sample residues from the glass rod and to
plug the thimble.
The sample weight can be adjusted in accordance with the expected fat
content.

2) Glass extraction cups preparation:

Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.
3) Solvent:
Petroleum Ether 40-60 °C
4) Solvent extraction:
The extraction cups containing the thimbles can now be placed on the ultra-
fast heating plate of SER 158.
On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Crude fat in
chocolate” including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 20 minutes
• Removing Time: 10 minutes
• Washing Time: 10 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 3 minutes
• Petroleum Ether 40-60 °C, 100 ml
• O-ring: Viton (green)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 100
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the thimbles. Allow the solvent to
filter through the thimble before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.

5) Calculation of the result:

See chap. 6.1

6) References:
AOAC 963.15

10006905/B2 73
15 Extraction of oil and grease from wastewater

The method is empirical and reproducible results are obtained only following
exactly all details.
1) Sample preparation:
1 l of wastewater collected in a wide mouth glass bottle and immediately
acidified to pH 2 or lower with hydrochloric acid (HCl) to hydrolyze soluble
soaps.
Prepare a 12 cm Buchner funnel with a disk of muslin cloth overlaid with a
filter paper disk. Filter under vacuum 100 ml (Msample) of filter aid suspension
on the Buchner and wash with 1 l of distilled water. Filter acidified sample
until no more water passes the filter. Transfer paper filter to a watch glass
using forceps. Wipe walls and bottom of collecting bottle and Buchner funnel
with pieces of filter paper soaked in solvent and add them to paper filter on
watch glass. Roll the paper filter and introduce it into extraction thimble.
Dry thimble in an oven at 103°C for half an hour.

2) Glass extraction cups preparation:

Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.
3) Solvent and chemicals:
n-Hexane
Diatomaceous flour filter aid suspension 10 g/l in distilled water

4) Solvent extraction:
The extraction cups containing the thimbles can now be placed on the ultra-
fast heating plate of SER 158.
On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Oil and grease from
wastewater” including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 60 minutes
• Removing Time: 10 minutes
• Washing Time: 50 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 4 minutes
• n-Hexane, 100 ml
• O-ring: Viton (green)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 100
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the thimbles. Allow the solvent to
filter through the thimble before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (15 minutes at 80 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.

10006905/B2 74
 5) Calculation of the result:
See chap. 6.1

6) References:

APHA-AWWA-WPCF (1985) 16th Ed. n°503C.

Standard method 5520D.
EPA 1664.
APAT CNR IRSA 5160

10006905/B2 75
16 Extraction of oil and grease from sludges

Acidified sludge dried by heating gives low results. Drying is performed by

mixing the sludge with magnesium sulfate monohydrate which combines
with water for a 75% of its weight giving the heptahydrate.
1) Sample preparation:
About 200 g of wet sludge collected in a wide mouth glass bottle. Weigh 10
g of sample (Msample) in a 150 ml beaker. Acidify to pH 2.0 with hydrochloric
acid (HCl) to hydrolyze soluble soaps. Add 15 g of magnesium sulfate
monohydrate to the acidified sample in the beaker. Stir to a smooth paste
and spread on the sides of beaker. In 15-30 minutes the paste solidifies.
Remove the solids and grind in a mortar. Add the powder to an extraction
thimble. Wipe mortar and beaker with defatted cotton and add to thimble.
2) Glass extraction cups preparation:
For this test it’s recommended the use of large extraction cups and large
cellulose thimbles.
Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.
3) Solvent and chemicals:
n-Hexane
Magnesium sulfate monohydrate. Dry overnight a thin layer of heptahydrate
(MgSO4 . 7 H2O) in an oven at 150 °C.

4) Solvent extraction:
The extraction cups containing the thimbles can now be placed on the ultra-
fast heating plate of SER 158.
On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Oil and grease from
sludges” including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 30 minutes
• Removing Time: 25 minutes
• Washing Time: 15 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 4 minutes
• n-Hexane, 160 ml
• O-ring: Viton (green)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 160
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the thimbles. Allow the solvent to
filter through the thimble before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (15 minutes at 80 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.

10006905/B2 76
 5) Calculation of the result:
See chap. 6.1

6) References:

Standard method 5520E

10006905/B2 77
17 Extraction of petroleum source rocks

During the explorative process in search of petroleum sources special

importance assumes the qualitative analysis of petroleum source rocks. In
order to evaluate the petroleum potential of a particular drilling site, is carried
out an analysis of hydrocarbon compounds contained in soil, clay or in
crushed rock samples, coming from petroleum sources.
Usually, these tests are also performed on sea bed samples in monitoring
marine pollution at various distances from the borehole.
The extraction is performed on relatively high sample amounts, because of
the low content of extractable matter (usually lower than 1%).
Reasons for extraction:
-gravimetric and qualitative analysis
-sample preparation for GC-MS
1) Sample preparation:
Crush the sample and grind it (particles dimension lower than 1 mm). Weigh
10 g of sample (Msample) into an extraction thimble and put a small amount of
defatted cotton wadding over the sample.

2) Glass extraction cups preparation:

For this test it’s recommended the use of large extraction cups and large
cellulose thimbles.
Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.

3) Solvent and chemicals:

Mixture n-Hexane: Acetone 50:50
Magnesium sulfate monohydrate. Dry overnight a thin layer of heptahydrate
(MgSO4 . 7 H2O) in an oven at 150 °C.

4) Solvent extraction:
The extraction cups containing the thimbles can now be placed on the ultra-
fast heating plate of SER 158.
On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Extraction of
petroleum source rocks” including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 40 minutes
• Removing Time: 25 minutes
• Washing Time: 50 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 4 minutes
• n-Hexane: Acetone 50:50, 160 ml

10006905/B2 78
• O-ring: Vaflon (white)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 160
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the thimbles. Allow the solvent to
filter through the thimble before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.

5) Calculation of the result:

See chap. 6.1

6) References:

US EPA 3541,
DIN ISO 16703 EN 14039

10006905/B2 79
18 Extraction of plasticizer mixture from vinyl chloride
plastics

The method is devised for the extraction of monomeric and polymeric

plasticizers containing simple phthalate esters from polyvinyl chloride
compositions for following gas chromatographic analysis.

1) Sample preparation:
Crush the sample and grind it (particles dimension from 0.6 to 2 mm). Weigh
20 g of sample (Msample) into an extraction thimble.

2) Glass extraction cups preparation:

For this test it’s recommended the use of large extraction cups and large
cellulose thimbles.
Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.
3) Solvent and chemicals:
n-Hexane

4) Solvent extraction:
The extraction cups containing the thimbles can now be placed on the ultra-
fast heating plate of SER 158.
On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Plasticizer mixtures
from vinyl chloride plastic” including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 50 minutes
• Removing Time: 40 minutes
• Washing Time: 20 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 4 minutes
• n-Hexane, 200 ml
• O-ring: Viton (green)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 200
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the thimbles. Allow the solvent to
filter through the thimble before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.
5) Calculation of the result:
See chap. 6.1
6) References:
ASTM Standard Practices

10006905/B2 80
19 Extraction of rosin from paper and paperboard

The extracted matter is really colophony but in paper manufacture the term
“rosin” is commonly used.

1) Sample preparation:
Cut the sample into 6x40 mm strips. If the paper contains carbonates the
sample must be immersed 5 minutes into 1 N hydrochloric acid (HCl),
washed with water and dried at room temperature.
Weigh 5 g of sample (Msample) into an extraction thimble.

2) Glass extraction cups preparation:

Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.
3) Solvent and chemicals:
Acidified ethanol, 4 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl) into 1 l of 95%
ethanol (EtOH)
4) Solvent extraction:
The extraction cups containing the thimbles can now be placed on the ultra-
fast heating plate of SER 158.
On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Rosin from paper
and paperboard” including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 30 minutes
• Removing Time: 10 minutes
• Washing Time: 15 minutes
• Recovery Time: 45 minutes
• Cooling Time: 2 minutes
• Ethanol, 100 ml
• O-ring: Butyl (grey)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 100
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the thimbles. Allow the solvent to
filter through the thimble before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.

5) Calculation of the result:

See chap. 6.1

6) References:
TAPPI T408

10006905/B2 81
20 Extraction of oils from leather

During tanning of hides to make leather, vegetable, animal and mineral oils
are used to give waterproofness and flexibility.

1) Sample preparation:
Cut the sample into 6x10 mm strips. Weigh 10 g of sample (Msample) into an
extraction thimble.

2) Glass extraction cups preparation:

For this test it’s recommended the use of large extraction cups and large
cellulose thimbles.
Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.

3) Solvent and chemicals:

Petroleum ether 40-60 °C

4) Solvent extraction:
The extraction cups containing the thimbles can now be placed on the ultra-
fast heating plate of SER 158.
On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Oils from leather”
including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 30 minutes
• Removing Time: 30 minutes
• Washing Time: 20 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 3 minutes
• Petroleum ether 40-60 °C, 180 ml
• O-ring: Viton (green)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 180
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the thimbles. Allow the solvent to
filter through the thimble before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.

5) Calculation of the result:

See chap. 6.1

6) References:
ISO 4048:2008

10006905/B2 82
21 Determination of unsaponified and unsaponifiable fat in
soaps

Neutral fat and unsaponifiable fat (mostly hydrocarbons) can be determined

together or separated. The method considers the unsaponifiable fat not
volatile at 105°C.

1) Sample preparation:
Weigh 10 g of sample (Msample) into an extraction thimble and keep overnight
in an oven at 105°C. In the thimble add 2 g of celite.

2) Glass extraction cups preparation:

For this test it’s recommended the use of large extraction cups and large
cellulose thimbles.
Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.
3) Solvent and chemicals:
Petroleum ether 40-60 °C
Celite (code A00000097)

4) Solvent extraction:
The extraction cups containing the thimbles can now be placed on the ultra-
fast heating plate of SER 158.
On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Unsaponified and
unsaponifiable fat in soaps” including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 30 minutes
• Removing Time: 25 minutes
• Washing Time: 20 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 3 minutes
• Petroleum ether 40-60 °C, 160 ml
• O-ring: Viton (green)

Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 160
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the thimbles. Allow the solvent to
filter through the thimble before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.
The weight is due to neutral fat and unsaponifiable fat and is to be referred
to the weight of sample before drying.
Determination of unsaponifiable fat: The extract of preceding
determination is saponified directly in the extract vessel by boiling one

10006905/B2 83
hour with 20 ml of ethanol KOH 1 N solution. At the end the residue is
dissolved with three 20 ml volumes of petroleum ether which removes
the unsaponifiable fat and whose weight can be determined by
evaporation in a weighed vessel.

5) Calculation of the result:

See chap. 6.1

6) References:

ISO 1067:1974

10006905/B2 84
22 Extraction of ethanol soluble components from detergent
formulations

Soluble components are represented by organic tensides and by sodium

chloride. Also traces of other salts and raw materials, not transformed,
present in synthetic tensides.
95% (V/V) ethanol does not dissolve inorganic components as sulfates,
carbonates, borates, silicates, phosphates and zeolites.

1) Sample preparation:
Weigh 5 g of sample (Msample) into an extraction thimble which was
previously tared in a weighing bottle together with a cotton plug. Keep the
samples overnight in an oven at 105 °C and plug the thimble with the
defatted cotton.

2) Glass extraction cups preparation:

Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.

3) Solvent and chemicals:

Ethanol

4) Solvent extraction:
The extraction cups containing the thimbles can now be placed on the ultra-
fast heating plate of SER 158.
On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Ethanol soluble
components from detergents” including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 30 minutes
• Removing Time: 10 minutes
• Washing Time: 50 minutes
• Recovery Time: 45 minutes
• Cooling Time: 2 minutes
• Ethanol, 100 ml
• O-ring: Butyl (grey)

Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 100
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the thimbles. Allow the solvent to
filter through the thimble before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Msoluble) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.
Drying of insoluble residue: Introduce the thimble with insoluble
residues in the same weighing bottle used before. Dry in an oven at 105

10006905/B2 85
± 2 °C during 3 hours. Cool them in a desiccator to room temperature
and record the accurate weight (Minsoluble) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.

5) Calculation of the result:

The results are gravimetrically determined, by using the formula:

Soluble components % = (Msoluble - Mtare) x 100 / (Msample)

Insoluble components % = (Minsoluble - Mtare) x 100 / (Msample)

Where:
Msample = sample weight (g)
Mtare = weight of the empty extraction cup (g)
Msoluble = weight of the extraction cup + extract (g)
Minsoluble = weight of the thimble after the extraction (g)

6) References:

UNI 24017 (1993)

10006905/B2 86
23 Extraction of finishing oils from textiles and synthetic or
natural fibers

The finishing oils used for natural and synthetic fibers provide a better
crease resistance, water repellence and permanent press. They also act as
lubricants for synthetic thread. Without them, high-speed commercial sewing
machines could overheat. Finishing oil enhances the processability of fibers.
Reasons for sample extraction:
- gravimetric analysis
- sample preparation for GC, HPLC, etc.

1) Sample preparation:
Cut the sample into 6x40 mm strips. Weigh 10 g of sample (Msample) into an
extraction thimble.

2) Glass extraction cups preparation:

Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.

3) Solvent and chemicals:

Petroleum ether 40-60 °C

4) Solvent extraction:
The extraction cups containing the thimbles can now be placed on the ultra-
fast heating plate of SER 158.
On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Finishing oils from
textiles and synthetic fibers” including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 20 minutes
• Removing Time: 25 minutes
• Washing Time: 0 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 3 minutes
• Petroleum ether 40-60 °C, 140 ml
• O-ring: Viton (green)

Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 180
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the thimbles. Allow the solvent to
filter through the thimble before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.

10006905/B2 87
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.

1) Calculation of the result:

See chap. 6.1

5) References:

ASTM D2257

10006905/B2 88
24 Extraction of oil content in insulating material

1) Sample preparation:
Grind the sample and weigh 8 g of sample (Msample) into an extraction
thimble.

2) Glass extraction cups preparation:

For this test it’s recommended the use of large extraction cups and large
cellulose thimbles.
Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.

3) Solvent and chemicals:

Petroleum ether 40-60 °C

4) Solvent extraction:
The extraction cups containing the thimbles can now be placed on the ultra-
fast heating plate of SER 158.
On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Oil content in
insulating material” including the following parameters:
Immersion Time: 20 minutes
Removing Time: 30 minutes
Washing Time: 10 minutes
Recovery Time: 30 minutes
Cooling Time: 3 minutes
Petroleum ether 40-60 °C, 170 ml
O-ring: Viton (green)

Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 170
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the thimbles. Allow the solvent to
filter through the thimble before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.

2) Calculation of the result:

See chap. 6.1

5) References:
BS 2972:1989

10006905/B2 89
25 Extraction of organic micro-pollutants for GC-MS analysis

1) Sample preparation:
Weigh 0.5 g of sample in each thimble.

2) Glass extraction cups preparation:

Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator.
3) Solvent:
Acetone: N-Hexane 1:3
4) Solvent extraction:
The extraction cups containing the thimbles can now be placed on the ultra-
fast heating plate of SER 158.
On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Organic micro-
pollutants for GC-MS analysis” including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 60 minutes
• Removing Time: 10 minutes
• Washing Time: 60 minutes
• Recovery Time: 0 minutes
• Cooling Time: 4 minutes
• Acetone: n-Hexane 1:3, 100 ml
• O-ring: Vaflon (white)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 100
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the thimbles. Allow the solvent to
filter through the thimble before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, clean up the sample extract and analyze by gas
chromatography with capillary column with electron capture detection or
mass spectrometry, or by high performance liquid chromatography.

5) References:
EPA 3541

10006905/B2 90
26 Extraction of oil and grease from plastic

1) Sample preparation:
Dry the sample in a desiccator for about 6 hours (1 night).
Weigh 10 g of dried sample in each thimble (Msample),

2) Glass extraction cups preparation:

Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.
3) Solvent:
n-Hexane
4) Solvent extraction:
The extraction cups containing the thimbles can now be placed on the ultra-
fast heating plate of SER 158.
On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Oil and Grease from
Plastic” including the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 30 minutes
• Removing Time: 25 minutes
• Washing Time: 10 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 4 minutes
• n-Hexane, 140 ml
• O-ring: Viton (green)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 100
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the thimbles. Allow the solvent to
filter through the thimble before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.

5) Calculation of the result:

See chap. 6.1

10006905/B2 91
27 Extraction of crude fat in Standard (Cod. A00000318)

1) Sample preparation:
Weigh 5 g of standard in each thimble (Msample).

2) Glass extraction cups preparation:

Dry the extraction cups in a drying oven at 102-105 °C for 1 hour. Cool them
in a desiccator until constant weight of the tare (Mtare) to the nearest of 0.1
mg.
3) Solvent:
Petroleum ether 40-60°
4) Solvent extraction:
The extraction cups containing the thimbles can now be placed on the ultra-
fast heating plate of SER 158.
On the control pad select “Analysis”, and then method “Standard” including
the following parameters:
• Immersion Time: 60 minutes
• Removing Time: 10 minutes
• Washing Time: 60 minutes
• Recovery Time: 30 minutes
• Cooling Time: 3 minutes
• Petroleum ether 40-60°, 100 ml
• O-ring: Viton (green)
Close the safety guard and, using the automatic or manual mode, dose 100
ml of solvent into the glass cups containing the thimbles. Allow the solvent to
filter through the thimble before adding more solvent.
Open the cooling water and press START to begin the extraction process.
At the end of analysis, position the extraction cups containing the extract in a
drying oven (1 hour at 105 °C), cooled them in a desiccator to room
temperature and record the accurate weight (Mtot) to the nearest of 0.1 mg.

5) Calculation of the result:

See chap. 6.1

6) References:
AOAC 2003.05

10006905/B2 92
Declaration of conformity
We the manufacturer VELP SCIENTIFICA S.r.l.
Address Via Stazione, 16
20865 USMATE (MB)
Italy

under our responsibility declare that the product is manufactured in conformity

with the following standards:

EN 61010-1/2010
EN 61010-2-010/2014
EN 61010-2-081/2015
EN 61326-1/2013

and satisfies the essential requirements of the following directives:

2006/42/EC
2006/95/EC
2004/108/EC
2011/65/UE (RoHS)
2012/19/UE (RAEE)

plus, modifications and that the documents listed in annex I are available at
Velp's offices as foreseen by the machinery directive.

10006905/B2 93
Thank you for choosing a VELP product!
Established in 1983, VELP is today one of the world’s leading manufacturer of
analytical instruments and laboratory equipment that has made an impact on the
world-wide market with Italian products renowned for innovation, design and
premium connectivity. VELP works according to ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS
18001 Quality System Certification.
Our instruments are manufactured in Italy according to the IEC 1010-1 and CE
regulation.

Our product Lines:

Analytical instruments
Elemental Analyzers
Digestion Units
Distillation Units
Solvent Extractors
Fiber Analyzers
Dietary Fiber Analyzers
Oxidation Stability Reactor
Consumables

Laboratory Equipment
Magnetic Stirrers
Heating Magnetic Stirrers
Heating Plates
Overhead stirrers
Vortex mixers
Homogenizers
COD Thermoreactors
BOD and Respirometers
Cooled Incubators
Flocculators
Overhead Shakers
Turbidimeter
Radiation Detector
Open Circulating Baths
Pumps

www.velp.com
VELP Scientifica Srl
20865 Usmate (MB) ITALY
Via Stazione, 16
Tel. +39 039 62 88 11
Fax. +39 039 62 88 120

We respect the environment by printing our manuals on recycled paper.