Exercice de résistance des matériaux
Calcule théorique
Y
P =10 KN
𝑀 = 20 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 𝑞 = 2𝐾𝑁/𝑚
𝑀 X
B A
1m 1m 1m 1m
𝑅
1- Calcule des réactions aux appuis
∑𝐹 /
⃗ = 0⃗
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑅 −𝑃−𝑄 =0 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑐 𝑄 = 1 × 𝑞 = 1 × 2 = 2 𝐾𝑁
𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑅 = 𝑃 + 𝑄 = 10 + 2 = 12 𝐾𝑁
𝑅 = 12 𝐾𝑁
∑ 𝑀/ ⃗ = 0⃗
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 − 𝑀 + 𝑀 + 𝑃 × 4 + 𝑄 × (1 + 1.5) = 0
𝐴𝑙𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑀 = 𝑀 − 𝑃 × 4 − 𝑄 × (1 + 1.5) = 20 − 10 × 4 − 2 × 1.5
𝑀 = −23 𝐾𝑁 . 𝑚
2- Diagramme de T(x) :
P =10 KN
0≤𝑥≤1 𝑇(𝑥)à
∑ 𝐹 / ⃗ = 0⃗ B x
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑇(𝑥) − 𝑃 = 0 → 𝑇(𝑥) = 𝑃 = 10 𝐾𝑁
P =10 KN
𝑀 = 20 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
1≤𝑥≤2 𝑇(𝑥)à
∑ 𝐹 / ⃗ = 0⃗ x
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑇(𝑥) − 𝑃 = 0 → 𝑇(𝑥) = 𝑃 = 10 𝐾𝑁
P =10 KN 𝑞 = 2𝐾𝑁/𝑚
2≤𝑥≤3 𝑀 = 20 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 𝑇(𝑥)à
∑ 𝐹 / ⃗ = 0⃗
1m 1m (x-2)
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑇(𝑥) − 𝑃 − 𝑄(𝑥) = 0 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑐 𝑄(𝑥) = 2 × (𝑥 − 2) x
𝑇(𝑥) = 10 + 2 × (𝑥 − 2) = 10 + 2𝑥 − 4 → 𝑇(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 6
P =10 KN
𝑀 = 20 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 𝑞 = 2𝐾𝑁/𝑚
3≤𝑥≤4 𝑇(𝑥)à
∑ 𝐹 / ⃗ = 0⃗ 1m 1m 1m
x
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑇(𝑥) − 𝑃 − 𝑄 = 0 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑐 𝑄 = 2 × 1 = 2 𝐾𝑁
𝑇(𝑥) = 10 + 2 = 12 𝐾𝑁
y
Diagramme : 12 KN
𝑥 = 0 → 𝑇(0) = 10 𝐾𝑁 12 KN
0≤𝑥≤1 10KN
𝑥 = 1 → 𝑇(1) = 10 𝐾𝑁 10 KN
𝑥 = 1 → 𝑇(1) = 10 𝐾𝑁
1≤𝑥≤2
𝑥 = 2 → 𝑇(2) = 10 𝐾𝑁
x
𝑥 = 2 → 𝑇(2) = 10 𝐾𝑁
2≤𝑥≤3
𝑥 = 3 → 𝑇(3) = 12 𝐾𝑁 Diagramme de T(x)
𝑥 = 3 → 𝑇(3) = 12 𝐾𝑁
3≤𝑥≤4
𝑥 = 4 → 𝑇(4) = 12 𝐾𝑁
3- Diagramme de M(x) :
0≤𝑥≤1 P =10 KN
𝑀(𝑥)
∑ 𝑀 / ⃗ = 0⃗ B x
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑀(𝑥) + 𝑃 × 𝑥 = 0 → 𝑀(𝑥) = −𝑃 × 𝑥 = −10𝑥
1≤𝑥≤2 P =10 KN
𝑀 = 20 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀(𝑥)
∑ 𝑀/ ⃗ = 0⃗
x
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑀(𝑥) − 𝑀 + 𝑃 × 𝑥 = 0 → 𝑀(𝑥) = 𝑀 − 𝑃 × 𝑥 = −10𝑥 + 20
2≤𝑥≤3 P =10 KN 𝑞 = 2𝐾𝑁/𝑚
𝑀 = 20 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 𝑀(𝑥)
∑ 𝑀/ ⃗ = 0⃗
1m 1m (x-2)
x
( )
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑀(𝑥) − 𝑀 + 𝑃 × 𝑥 + 𝑄(𝑥) × =0 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑐 𝑄(𝑥) = 2 × (𝑥 − 2)
(𝑥 − 2)
𝑀(𝑥) = 20 − 10𝑥 − 2 × (𝑥 − 2) × = 20 − 10𝑥 − (𝑥 − 2)
2
→ 𝑀(𝑥) = −𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 16
P =10 KN
𝑀 = 20 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚 𝑞 = 2𝐾𝑁/𝑚
3≤𝑥≤4 𝑀(𝑥)
∑ 𝑀/ ⃗ = 0⃗ 1m 1m 1m
x
𝐷𝑜𝑛𝑐 𝑀(𝑥) − 𝑀 + 𝑃 × 𝑥 + 𝑄 × (𝑥 − 2.5) = 0 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑐 𝑄 = 2 × 1 = 2 𝐾𝑁
𝑀(𝑥) = 20 − 10𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 5 = −12𝑥 + 25
Diagramme :
𝑥 = 0 → 𝑀(0) = 0 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
0≤𝑥≤1
𝑥 = 1 → 𝑀(1) = −10 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
𝑥 = 1 → 𝑀(1) = 10 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
1≤𝑥≤2
𝑥 = 2 → 𝑀(2) = 0 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
𝑥 = 2 → 𝑀(2) = 0 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
2≤𝑥≤3
𝑥 = 3 → 𝑀(3) = −11 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
𝑥 = 3 → 𝑀(3) = −11 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
3≤𝑥≤4
𝑥 = 4 → 𝑀(4) = −23 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
y
10KN.m
10KN.m
-10KN.m
-11KN.m -10KN.m
-11KN.m
-23KN.m Diagramme de M(x)
-23KN.m
Vérification des résultats par –RDM 6-
Diagramme des efforts tranchant T(x) :
Diagramme de Moment fléchissant M(x) :
Rapport :
| Flexion d'une poutre droite | +-----------+ +---------------+
+-----------------------------+ | Matériau | | Noeuds [ m ] |
Utilisateur : Yves Debard +-----------+ +---------------+
Nom du projet :
Date : 26 décembre 2022 Nom du matériau = Acier Noeud 1: x= 0.000
+---------------------+ Module de Young = 210000 MPa Noeud 2: x= 1.000
| Données du problème | Masse volumique = 8000 kg/m3 Noeud 3: x= 2.000
+---------------------+ Limite élastique = 250 MPa Noeud 4: x= 3.000
Noeud 5: x= 4.000
+-----------------------+ +--------------------------------------+
| Section(s) droite(s) | | Efforts intérieurs [ kN kN.m MPa ] |
+-----------------------+ +--------------------------------------+
Noeuds 1 --> 5
Rond plein : D = 97.87 (mm) Ty = Effort tranchant Mfz = Moment
Aire = 75.22 cm2 fléchissant Sxx = Contrainte normale
Moment quadratique : Iz = 450.28 cm4
Fibre supérieure : vy = 48.93 mm Wel.z Noeud Ty Mfz Sxx
= 92.02 cm3
Fibre inférieure : vy = 48.93 mm Wel.z = 1 10.00 0.00 0.00
92.02 cm3 2 10.00 -10.00 -108.67
Poids de la structure = 2.41 kN (g = 10.00 2 10.00 10.00 108.67
m/s2) 3 10.00 -0.00 -0.00
+-----------------------+
| Liaison(s) nodale(s) | 3 10.00 -0.00 -0.00
+-----------------------+ 4 12.00 -11.00 -119.54
Noeud 5 : Encastrement
+-------------------+ 4 12.00 -11.00 -119.54
| Cas de charge(s) | 5 12.00 -23.00 -249.95
+-------------------+
Charge linéairement répartie : Noeuds = 3 - Moment flechissant maximal = 10.00
> 4 pyo = -2.00 pye = -2.00 kN/m kN.m à 1.000 m
Charge nodale : Noeud = 2 Fy = 0.00 kN Moment flechissant minimal = -23.00
Mz = -20.00 kN.m kN.m à 4.000 m
Charge nodale : Noeud = 1 Fy = -10.00
kN Mz = 0.00 kN.m Contrainte normale maximale = 249.95
+-----------+ MPa à 4.000 m
| Résultats | Contrainte normale minimale = -249.95
+-----------+ MPa à 4.000 m
+---------------------------------+
| Déplacements nodaux [ m , rad ] | +-----------------------------------+
+---------------------------------+ | Action(s) de liaison [ kN kN.m ] |
Noeud Flèche Pente +-----------------------------------+
1 -0.075527 0.023619 Noeud 5 Fy = 12.00 Mz = -23.00
2 -0.053671 0.018331
3 -0.031815 0.023619
4 -0.010047 0.017978 +----------------------------+
5 0.000000 0.000000 | Informations sur le calcul |
+----------------------------+
Dy maximal = 5.00596E-19 m à x =
4.000 m Pivot minimal =
Dy minimal = -7.55267E-02 m à x = 9.45581633564978E+0005
0.000 m
