<div id="thecontent" class="col-md-12 course" style="direction: ltr;">

<h2 id="Le-marché">Le marché</h2>

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sizes="(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px"> </p><p class="paragraph"> Imaginez que
nous nous réveillions un jour et que nous découvrions que les marchés ont disparu,
en commençant par les épiceries près de chez nous, et passant aux moyens de
transport public et autres services nécessaires pour notre vie quotidienne, et
arrivant aux entreprises qui emploient des millions de personnes, dont nos proches
et nos amis. Ça sera l'une des pires choses qui puissent arriver à notre société.
D'une manière optimiste, l'existence de ces endroits et des entités qui offrent de
divers services aux citoyens représentent une importance primordiale pour l’essor
économique de tout pays. En termes économiques, ces endroits sont qualifiés de
marchés. Ces derniers facilitent les échanges dans un premier lieu. Plus d'échanges
signifie plus de production. Plus de production signifie plus d'emplois et un
revenu national plus élevé. Les marchés sont donc essentiels au développement des
industries et à la croissance économique d'un pays. Pour les économistes,
comprendre le fonctionnement des marchés est une phase essentielle qui permettra
par la suite la compréhension des autres phénomènes économiques complexes. Pour
cela, on soulève les questions suivantes&nbsp;:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Qu’est-ce que le marché&nbsp;? </strong></li>
<li><strong>Quelles sont ses composantes&nbsp;? </strong></li>
<li><strong>Et quels types de marchés peut-on trouver dans une
économie&nbsp;?</strong> <p></p></li>
</ul>
<h3 class="first-h3" id="La-notion-de-marché"><strong>La notion de
marché</strong></h3>
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<span>Définition</span>
</p>
<div class="border_shortcode">
<p class="paragraph"> <span style="color: #474dff;"><strong>Le marché au sens
concret&nbsp;:</strong> </span>est un lieu de rencontre réel où les acheteurs
(fonction de demande) rencontrent physiquement les vendeurs (fonction d’offre),
afin d’effectuer un échange en contrepartie d’un prix. Exemple&nbsp;: les souks
hebdomadaires, les supermarchés, la bourse des valeurs…</p>
<p><span style="color: #474dff;"><strong>Le marché au sens
abstrait&nbsp;:</strong></span> Le marché est un lieu de rencontre fictif des
demandeurs et des offreurs pour effectuer des échanges de biens et services en
contrepartie d’un prix. Le caractère abstrait d’un marché suppose l’absence
physique des offreurs et des demandeurs </p>
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<path d="M16.3481 4.74856C13.144 1.54444 7.95321 1.54261 4.74772 4.7481C1.55024
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<path d="M10.5481 4.69006C8.98204 4.69006 7.51079 5.29935 6.40529 6.40553C5.76442
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</g>
<defs>
<clipPath id="clip0">
<rect width="30" height="30" fill="white"></rect>
</clipPath>
</defs>
</svg>
<span>Exemple</span>
</p>
<div class="border_shortcode">
<p class="paragraph"></p></div>
<div>&nbsp;marché de change, marché de travail, marché interbancaire…</div>
<div class="p-rich_text_section"><p></p>
</div>
</div></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="c-message_actions__container c-message__actions" role="group">
<div class="c-message_actions__group" role="group" aria-label="Raccourcis messages"
data-qa="message-actions">
<p><span style="color: #ff014e;"><strong>Remarque&nbsp;:</strong></span></p>
<p>L’interaction entre les acheteurs et les vendeurs déterminent les prix et les
niveaux de production sur les marchés à caractère concurrentiel<a href="#_ftn1"
name="_ftnref1">[1]</a>. Les producteurs déterminent l'offre, les consommateurs
déterminent la demande, et leur interaction sur les marchés détermine ce qui est
fabriqué et combien cela coûte. Cette affirmation introduit 3 concepts clés,
nécessaires pour comprendre le fonctionnement d’un marché, à savoir&nbsp;: l’offre,
la demande et le prix.</p>
<h4 id="Les-composantes-du-marché">Les composantes du marché</h4>
<p>Le marché est caractérisé par 3 principaux éléments à savoir&nbsp;: L’offre, la
demande et le prix.</p>
<p><strong>L’offre&nbsp;: </strong>C’est un concept économique fondamental qui
décrit la quantité totale d'un bien ou d'un service disponible pour les
consommateurs.</p>
<p><strong>La demande&nbsp;:</strong> C’est un principe économique qui fait
référence au désir d'un consommateur d'acheter des biens et des services et à sa
volonté de payer un prix pour un bien ou un service spécifique.</p>
<p><strong>Le prix&nbsp;:</strong> représente la valeur monétaire d'un bien, d'un
service ou d'une ressource établie lors d'une transaction (échange). La notion du
marché concurrentiel sera discutée dans la suite de ce présent cours.</p>
<p><span style="color: #ff014e;"><strong>Remarque&nbsp;:</strong></span></p>
<p>L’offre est une fonction croissante du prix. C’est-à-dire que l’offre d’un bien
augmente avec la hausse du prix de celui-ci.</p>
<p>La demande est une fonction décroissante du prix. C’est-à-dire que la demande
d’un bien diminue avec la hausse du prix de celui-ci.</p>
<p> </p><fieldset class="attention">
<legend class="attention_title">
<p>
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13.2175 6.13465 13.4863 6.34482 13.6077C6.55494 13.729 6.82371 13.657 6.94512
13.4468L12.4973 3.83011C13.0119 2.93884 13.9709 2.38519 15 2.38519C16.0291 2.38519
16.9881 2.93884 17.5027 3.83011L28.7321 23.2801C28.9866 23.7208 29.1211 24.2199
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fill="#FF014E"></path>
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<path d="M14.945 19.0651C14.1017 19.0651 13.4158 19.7511 13.4158 20.5943C13.4158
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<span>Attention</span>
</p>
</legend>
<p style="margin-top:-15px" class="paragraph"> La confrontation entre l’offre et la
demande détermine le prix. C’est la <strong>loi de l’offre et de la
demande</strong>. </p>
</fieldset> <img loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-37437"
src="https://kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/RT12.png" alt="" width="550"
height="273" srcset="https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/RT12.png
550w, https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/RT12-300x149.png 300w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/RT12-50x25.png 50w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/RT12-100x50.png 100w"
sizes="(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px"><p></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Si l’offre est supérieure à la demande, le prix diminue.</strong></li>
<li><strong>Si l’offre est inférieure à la demande, le prix augmente.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>En réalité, ce principe n’est pas toujours respecté, puisque d’autres facteurs
peuvent prévenir cette loi d’être satisfaite.</p>
<div class="shortcode aretenir">
<p style="color:#FF7C06" class="shortcode_title">
<svg width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" fill="none"
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15C20.9937 18.3049 18.305 20.9937 15 20.9937C11.6949 20.9937 9.00621 18.3047
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gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse">
<stop stop-color="#FF7C06"></stop>
<stop offset="1" stop-color="#FFB803"></stop>
</linearGradient>
<linearGradient id="paint1_linear" x1="15" y1="12" x2="15" y2="18"
gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse">
<stop stop-color="#FF7C06"></stop>
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</linearGradient>
<linearGradient id="paint2_linear" x1="15" y1="0" x2="15" y2="3.82353"
gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse">
<stop stop-color="#FF7C06"></stop>
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<linearGradient id="paint5_linear" x1="15" y1="26.1764" x2="15" y2="29.9999"
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</clipPath>
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</svg>
<span>À retenir</span>
</p>
<div class="border_shortcode">
<p class="paragraph"> <img loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-
37438" src="https://kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/TY12.png" alt=""
width="758" height="454"
srcset="https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/TY12.png 758w,
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https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/TY12-50x30.png 50w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/TY12-100x60.png 100w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/TY12-600x359.png 600w"
sizes="(max-width: 758px) 100vw, 758px"> </p>
</div>
</div>
<h3 id="Les-types-de-marché-selon-l’objet"><strong>Les types de marché selon
l’objet</strong></h3>
<h4 class="first-h4" id="Le-marché-des-biens-et-services">Le marché des biens et
services</h4>
<p><img loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-37440"
src="https://kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/RT21.jpg" alt="" width="500"
height="750" srcset="https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/RT21.jpg
500w, https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/RT21-200x300.jpg 200w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/RT21-33x50.jpg 33w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/RT21-67x100.jpg 67w"
sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px"><img loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-
full wp-image-37443" src="https://kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/RRR.jpg"
alt="" width="693" height="599"
srcset="https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/RRR.jpg 693w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/RRR-300x259.jpg 300w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/RRR-50x43.jpg 50w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/RRR-100x86.jpg 100w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/RRR-600x519.jpg 600w"
sizes="(max-width: 693px) 100vw, 693px"></p>
<div class="shortcode definition">
<p style="color: #ff0050" class="shortcode_title">
<svg width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" fill="none"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<g clip-path="url(#clip0)">
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fill="#FF014E"></path>
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<span>Définition</span>
</p>
<div class="border_shortcode">
<p class="paragraph"> Il est composé du <strong>marché des biens de
consommation</strong> (les biens de consommation finale tels que les produits
alimentaires, les produits cosmétiques…), et du <strong>marché des biens de
production</strong> (les biens d’équipement tels que les machines industrielles et
les biens de consommation intermédiaire tels que les matières premières utilisés
dans le processus de production d’un produit fini destiné à la vente). </p>
</div>
</div>
<p><span style="color: #ff014e;"><strong>Remarque&nbsp;:</strong></span></p>
<ul>
<li>Les biens d'équipement sont des biens utilisés par une entreprise pour aider
une autre entreprise à produire des biens de consommation&nbsp;;</li>
<li>Les biens de consommation sont utilisés par les consommateurs et n'ont aucune
utilité productive future&nbsp;;</li>
<li>Les biens d'équipement comprennent des éléments tels que les bâtiments, les
machines et les outillages.</li>
<li>Les aliments, les appareils électroménagers, les vêtements et les automobiles
sont des exemples de biens de consommation.</li>
</ul>
<h4 class="second-h4" id="Les-composantes-du-marché-des-biens-et-services">Les
composantes du marché des biens et services</h4>
<p><strong>L’offre&nbsp;:</strong> des biens et services limités par la capacité de
production des unités productrices (les producteurs) ainsi que la capacité
d’absorption du marché.</p>
<p><strong>La demande&nbsp;:</strong> composée de la demande des ménages, des
entreprises, des administrations et des agents étrangers.</p>
<p><strong>Le prix&nbsp;:</strong> La contrepartie monétaire représentant la valeur
du bien ou du service échangé.</p>
<h3 id="Le-marché-du-travail">Le marché du travail</h3>
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<defs>
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<rect width="30" height="30" fill="white"></rect>
</clipPath>
</defs>
</svg>
<span>Définition</span>
</p>
<div class="border_shortcode">
<p class="paragraph"> C’est le lieu de rencontre de l’offre de travail des ménages
et de la demande de travail des entreprises. </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="shortcode astuce">
<p style="color:#FFB803;" class="shortcode_title">
<svg width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" fill="none"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<path d="M14.999 3.51501C14.5136 3.51501 14.1201 3.90853 14.1201 4.39392C14.1201
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10.5463C20.2733 11.0317 20.6669 11.4252 21.1522 11.4252C21.6376 11.4252 22.0312
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fill="#FFD707"></path>
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<path d="M2.63672 10.5463H0.878906C0.393516 10.5463 0 10.9398 0 11.4252C0 11.9106
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fill="#FFD707"></path>
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<path d="M29.485 16.6986L28.2421 15.4557C27.8989 15.1124 27.3424 15.1124 26.9991
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</svg>
<span>Astuce</span>
</p>
<div class="border_shortcode">
<p class="paragraph"></p>
<ul>
<li><strong>L’offre de travail signifie la demande d’emploi.</strong></li>
<li><strong>La demande de travail signifie l’offre d’emploi.</strong></li>
</ul>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<h4 class="first-h4" id="Les-composantes-du-marché-de-travail">Les composantes du
marché de travail</h4>
<p><strong>L’offre de travail (demande d’emploi)&nbsp;:</strong> c’est le volume de
travail que les ménages sont capables à fournir en contrepartie d’une rémunération
(un salaire émanant des entreprises ou un traitement distribué par les
administrations publiques). C’est l’ensemble des ressources en travail disponibles
à un moment donné dans un pays, c’est-à-dire la population active.</p>
<p><strong>La demande de travail (offre d’emploi)&nbsp;:</strong> exercée et
initiée par les entreprises et les administrations.</p>
<p><strong>Le prix&nbsp;:</strong> le salaire ou le traitement fixé en principe par
divers facteurs, à savoir&nbsp;: la loi de l’offre et de la demande, le cadre
législatif (SMIG et SMAG) ainsi que le contrat de travail.</p>
<p><span style="color: #ff014e;"><strong>Remarque&nbsp;:</strong></span></p>
<p>il existe 5 facteurs influençant le marché de travail&nbsp;: le climat social
d’un pays&nbsp;; l’évolution de la population&nbsp;; les événements mondiaux&nbsp;;
les actions de l’État&nbsp;; la situation économique du pays.</p>
<h3 id="Le-marché-des-capitaux"><strong>Le marché des capitaux</strong></h3>
<p><img loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-37461"
src="https://kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/GGG.png" alt="" width="300"
height="153" srcset="https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/GGG.png
300w, https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/GGG-50x26.png 50w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/GGG-100x51.png 100w"
sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px"></p>
<p><img loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-37462"
src="https://kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/GGGG.png" alt="" width="660"
height="330" srcset="https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/GGGG.png
660w, https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/GGGG-300x150.png 300w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/GGGG-50x25.png 50w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/GGGG-100x50.png 100w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/GGGG-600x300.png 600w"
sizes="(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px"></p>
<div class="shortcode definition">
<p style="color: #ff0050" class="shortcode_title">
<svg width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" fill="none"
xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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<span>Définition</span>
</p>
<div class="border_shortcode">
<p class="paragraph"> C’est le lieu de rencontre des agents ayant un excédent de
capitaux et ceux à besoin de financement afin d’échanger les capitaux. Il se
compose de deux&nbsp;marchés : </p>
</div>
</div>
<h5 id="Le-marché-monétaire">Le marché monétaire</h5>
<p>C’est un marché où des titres de court et moyen terme (1 jours à 1 an)
s’échangent contre des liquidités. Le marché monétaire comprend&nbsp;:</p>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #474dff;"><strong>Le marché
interbancaire&nbsp;:</strong></span> C’est le marché réservé aux banques
commerciales pour échanger leurs avoirs en compte auprès de la banque
centrale&nbsp;; les prêts sont à durée assez courte au jour le jour.</li>
<li><span style="color: #474dff;"><strong>Le marché des TCN (Titres des créances
négociables)&nbsp;:</strong></span> il est ouvert pour tous les agents pour
échanger des TCN. Il s’agit des billets de trésorerie émis par les entreprises, les
certificats de dépôts émis par les banques ainsi que les bons de trésor émis par
l’état.</li>
</ul>
<p><img loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-37464"
src="https://kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/yyy.png" alt="" width="1021"
height="175" srcset="https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/yyy.png
1021w, https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/yyy-300x51.png 300w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/yyy-768x132.png 768w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/yyy-50x9.png 50w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/yyy-100x17.png 100w,
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sizes="(max-width: 1021px) 100vw, 1021px"></p>
<h5 id="Le-marché-financier">Le marché financier</h5>
<p>C’est un marché où se rencontrent l’offre et la demande de capitaux à long
terme. Autrement dit, c’est un lieu où les investisseurs négocient des titres à
long terme (plus d’un an) en contrepartie d’un prix appelé <strong>«&nbsp;cours du
titre&nbsp;»</strong>. Le marché financier comprend&nbsp;:</p>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #474dff;"><strong>Le marché primaire&nbsp;:</strong>
</span>C’est le marché sur lequel s’effectue la première mise en vente des titres
nouvellement émis.</li>
<li><span style="color: #474dff;"><strong>Le marché
secondaire&nbsp;:</strong></span> C’est la bourse des valeurs, il s’agit d’un
marché de l’occasion ou l’on peut négocier les titres déjà émis.</li>
</ul>
<p><img loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-37470"
src="https://kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/yyy1.png" alt="" width="1014"
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https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/yyy1-768x142.png 768w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/yyy1-50x9.png 50w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/yyy1-100x19.png 100w,
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17.1081H14.5323L14.1557 11.0619H15.734L15.3574 17.1081Z" fill="#FF014E"></path>
<path d="M14.945 19.0651C14.1017 19.0651 13.4158 19.7511 13.4158 20.5943C13.4158
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<defs>
<clipPath id="clip0">
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<span>Attention</span>
</p>
</legend>
<p style="margin-top:-15px" class="paragraph"> Les nouveaux capitaux sont levés par
le biais d'actions et d'obligations qui sont émises et vendues aux investisseurs
sur le marché primaire, tandis que les négociants et les investisseurs achètent et
vendent ensuite ces titres entre eux sur le marché secondaire, mais où aucun
nouveau capital n'est reçu par l'entreprise. Les offreurs de capitaux sont les
demandeurs de titres. Et les demandeurs de capitaux sont les offreurs de titres.
</p>
</fieldset>
<h4 class="first-h4" id="Le-marché-de-change">Le marché de change</h4>
<p><img loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-37471"
src="https://kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/YUYU.jpg" alt="" width="1254"
height="640" srcset="https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/YUYU.jpg
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https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/YUYU-1024x523.jpg 1024w,
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<div class="shortcode definition">
<p style="color: #ff0050" class="shortcode_title">
<svg width="30" height="30" viewBox="0 0 30 30" fill="none"
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<defs>
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<span>Définition</span>
</p>
<div class="border_shortcode">
<p class="paragraph"> C’est un marché ou s’échange les devises, c’est-à-dire les
monnaies étrangères convertibles.&nbsp; La confrontation de l’offre et de la
demande des devises permet la détermination du prix d’une devise en termes d’une
autre (C’est la parité ou le cours de change). Les offres et demandes de devises
proviennent des transactions commerciales et financières internationales. Il est à
distinguer entre deux régimes de change&nbsp;:</p>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #474dff;"><strong>Le système de change fixe&nbsp;:</strong>
</span>Afin d’éviter les fluctuations désordonnées de leurs monnaies, certains pays
choisissent de fixer sa valeur afin de stabiliser leurs relations
commerciales.</li>
<li><span style="color: #474dff;"><strong>Le système de change
flottant&nbsp;:</strong> </span>Dans ce cas, le taux de change varie librement
selon la loi de l’offre et de la demande sans intervention des autorités
monétaires.</li>
</ul>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p><span style="color: #ff014e;"><strong>Remarque&nbsp;:</strong></span></p>
<p>Dans le monde, il n'existe qu'un seul marché des changes. Il se caractérise
ainsi par une dimension internationale.</p>
<p><span style="color: #ff014e;"><strong>Bon à savoir&nbsp;:</strong> </span>Dans
le marché de change, chaque devise se dispose d’un code appelé «&nbsp;Code
ISO&nbsp;» leur permettant d’être identifié clairement et rapidement. On
distingue&nbsp;:</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-37476"
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width: 232px) 100vw, 232px"></p>
<div class="shortcode aretenir">
<p style="color:#FF7C06" class="shortcode_title">
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<span>À retenir</span>
</p>
<div class="border_shortcode">
<p class="paragraph"> <strong>Classification des marchés&nbsp;:</strong> <img
loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-37477"
src="https://kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/GHHG.png" alt="" width="809"
height="258" srcset="https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/GHHG.png
809w, https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/GHHG-300x96.png 300w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/GHHG-768x245.png 768w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/GHHG-50x16.png 50w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/GHHG-100x32.png 100w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/GHHG-600x191.png 600w"
sizes="(max-width: 809px) 100vw, 809px"></p>
<p><strong>Classification du marché des capitaux&nbsp;:</strong> <img
loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-37480"
src="https://kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/POPO.png" alt="" width="754"
height="450" srcset="https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/POPO.png
754w, https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/POPO-300x179.png 300w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/POPO-50x30.png 50w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/POPO-100x60.png 100w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/POPO-600x358.png 600w"
sizes="(max-width: 754px) 100vw, 754px"></p>
<p><strong>Fonctionnement des échanges dans le marché primaire et le marché
secondaire</strong> <img loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-37481"
src="https://kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/POPO1.png" alt="" width="650"
height="196" srcset="https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/POPO1.png
650w, https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/POPO1-300x90.png 300w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/POPO1-50x15.png 50w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/POPO1-100x30.png 100w,
https://www.kezakoo.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/POPO1-600x181.png 600w"
sizes="(max-width: 650px) 100vw, 650px"></p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
<p><span style="color: #ff014e; font-size:
14pt;"><strong>Conclusion</strong></span></p>
<p>En somme, un marché est un lieu où deux parties ou plus peuvent se rencontrer
pour effectuer une transaction économique. Une transaction peut porter sur des
biens, des services, des informations, des devises ou toute combinaison de ces
éléments qui passent d'un agent économique à une autre. Le marché fixe les prix des
biens et autres services. Ces prix sont déterminés par l'offre et la demande.
L'offre est créée par les vendeurs, tandis que la demande est issue des acheteurs.
Ainsi, les marchés tentent de trouver un certain équilibre dans les prix.
«&nbsp;Sur un marché, les prix coordonnent les décisions des producteurs et des
consommateurs. Des prix plus élevés tendent à réduire les achats des consommateurs
et à stimuler la production. Des prix plus bas encouragent la consommation et
découragent la production. <strong>Les prix constituent le pivot du mécanisme du
marché</strong>.&nbsp;» (Paul Samuelson).</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>