 1

 302

12 (2022-23)

:
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 45 40
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: 80 : 3

®
-1 fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks è;ku iwoZd i<+dj lokZfèkd mi;qä mÙkj okys fodYi dks pqudj fyf[k, :&
'khy;qä O;ogkj euq"; dh ç—fr vkSj O;fäRo dks mn~?kkfVr djrk gSA mÙke] ç'kaluh; vkSj ifo=
vkpj.k gh 'khy gSA 'khy;qä O;ogkj çR;sd O;fä ds fy, fgrdj gSA blls euq"; dh [;kfr c<+rh
gSA 'khyoku O;fä lcdk ân; thr ysrk gSA 'khy;qä O;ogkj ls dVqrk nwj Hkkxrh gSA blls
vk'kadk vkSj lansg dh fLFkfr;k¡ dHkh mRiUu ugha gksrhaA blls ,sls lq[kn okrkoj.k dk l`tu gksrk gS]
ftlesa lHkh çlUurk dk vuqHko djrs gSAa 'khyoku O;fä vius laidZ esa vkus okys lHkh yksxksa dks
lqçHkkfor djrk gSA 'khy bruk çHkqRoiw.kZ gksrk gS fd fdlh dk;Z ds fcxMus dh ukScr ugha vkrhA

vfèkdkjh-vèkhuLFk, f'k{kd-f'k{kkFkÊ] NksVksa-cM+ksa vkfn lHkh ds fy, 'khy;qä O;ogkj leku :i ls

vko';d gSA f'k{kkFkÊ esa ;fn 'khy dk vHkko gS rks og vius f'k{kd ls okafNr f'k{kk çkIr ugha dj
ldrkA 'khyoku vfèkdkjh ;k deZpkjh esa vkRefoÜokl dh o`f) Lor% gh gksus yxrh gS vkSj lkFk gh
muds O;fäRo esa 'kkyhurk vk tkrh gSA bl vewY; xq.k dh mifLFkfr esa vfèkdkjh oxZ vkSj vèkhuLFk
deZpkfj;ksa ds chp] f'k{kdx.k vkSj fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds chp rFkk 'kkld vkSj 'kkflr ds chp eèkqj ,oa çxk<+
lacaèk LFkkfir gksrs gSa vkSj çR;sd oxZ dh dk;Zdq'kyrk esa o`f) gksrh gSA bl xq.k ds ekè;e ls
NksVs-ls-NksVk O;fä cM+ksa dh lgkuqHkwfr vftZr dj ysrk gSA

'khy dksbZ nqyZHk vkSj nSoh xq.k ugha gSA bl xq.k dks vftZr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ikfjokfjd laLdkj
bl xq.k dks fodflr vkSj foLrkfjr djus esa cgqr cM+h Hkwfedk vnk djrs gSaA ewy Hkwfedk rks O;fä
Lo;a vnk djrk gSA fparu] euu] lRlaxfr] Lokè;k; vkSj lrr vH;kl ls bl xq.k dh lqj{kk vkSj
bldk fodkl gksrk gSA
2 
1. 'khy;qä O;ogkj dh fo'ks"krk gS & 
(v) blls euq"; dh [;kfr c<+rh gS

(c) og lcdk ân; thr ysrk gSA
(l) 'khy;qä O;ogkj ls dVqrk nwj Hkkxrh gS&
(n) mi;Zqä lHkh

2. dkSulh fo'ks"krk j[kusokyk euq"; laidZ esa vkus okys lHkh yksxksa dks lqçHkkfor djrk gS-
(v) lR; cksyus okyk (c) e`nqy O;ogkj okyk
(l) 'khyoku (n) mi;Zqä lHkh xq.k okyk

®
3. dkSuls xq.k ls fdlh dk;Z ds fcxM+us dh ukScr ugha vkrh&
(v) fouezrk (c) lR;okfnrk
(l) Li"Vokfnrk (n) 'khy

4. dkSulk fo|kFkÊ f'k{kd ls okafNr f'k{kk çkIr ugha dj ldrk&

(v) ftles foosd dk vHkko gks (c) ftles 'khy dk vHkko gks
(l) ftles vknjHkko dk vHkko gks (n) mi;Zqä lHkh nqxZq.k okyk

5. fuEu esa ls fdlds fy, 'khy;qä O;ogkj leku :i ls vko';d gS&

(v) vfèkdkjh-vèkhuLFk ds fy, (c) f'k{kd-f'k{kkFkÊ ds fy,
(l) NksVksa-cM+ksa ds fy, (n) mi;Zqä lHkh ds fy,

6. vfèkdkjh oxZ vkSj vèkhuLFk deZpkfj;ksa ds chp 'kkyhurk ds D;k Qk;ns gSa&
(v) inksUufr vkSj osru o`f) ds volj c<+krs gS&
(c) dk;Zdq'kyrk esa o`f) gksrh gSA
(l) eèkqj ,oa çxk<+ lacaèk LFkkfir gksrs gSa
(n) dk;Zdq'kyrk esa o`f) vkSj eèkqj ,oa çxk<+ lacaèk LFkkfir gksrs gSa

7. 'khy dks fodflr vkSj foLrkfjr djus esa fdldh Hkwfedk gksrh gS&
(v) vPNh f'k{kk dh (c) ikfjokfjd laLdkj
(l) Lo;a dh (n) Lo;a dh vkSj ikfjokfjd laLdkj dh
 3

 8. 'khy dk fodkl fdlls gksrk gS&

(v) fparu-euu ls (c) lRlaxfr ls

(l) Lokè;k; vkSj lrr vH;kl ls (n) mi;Zqä lHkh ls

9. 'khy;qä O;ogkj mn~?kkfVr djrk gS&

(v) euq"; dh ç—fr dks (c) O;fäRo dks
(l) euq"; dh ç—fr vkSj O;fäRo dks (n) mi;Zqä esa ls fdlh dks ugha

10. 'khy D;k gS&

(v) mÙke vkpj.k (c) ç'kaluh; vkpj.k

®
(l) ifo= vkpj.k (n) mi;Zqä lHkh

-2 fuEufyf[kr i|ka'kks esa ls fdlh ,d i|ka'k ls lEcafèkr ç'uksa ds mÙkj lgh fodYi p;u }kjk
nhft,&
vk¡lw ls HkkX; ilhtk gS] gs fe= dgk¡ bl tx esa\
fur ;gk¡ 'kfä ds vkxs] nhid tyrs ex&ex esaA
dqN rfud è;ku ls lkspks] èkjrh fdldh gks ikbZ \
cksyks ;qx&;qx rd fdlus] fdldh fo#nkofy xkbZ \
eèkqekl eèkqj #fpdj gS] ij ir>j Hkh vkrk gSA
tx jaxeap dk vfHku;] tks vkrk lks tkrk gSA
lpeqp og gh thfor gS] ftlesa dqN cy&foØe gSA
iy&iy ?kqM+nkSM+ ;gk¡ gS] cy&ikS#"k dk laxe gSA
nqcZy dks lgt feVkdj] pqipki le; [kk tkrk]
ohjksa ds gh xhrksa dks] bfrgkl lnk nksgjkrkA
fQj D;k fo"kkn] Hk; fpark tks gksxk lc lg ysaxs]
ifjorZu dh ygjksa esa tSls gksxk cg ysaxsA
1. vk¡lw ls HkkX; ilhtk gS] gs fe=] dgk¡ bl tx esa fur ;gk¡ 'kfä ds vkxs] nhid tyrs ex&ex es]a
bl iafä dk Hkko gS&
¼v½ ^jksus ls nqHkkZX; lkSHkkX; esa ugha cny tkrk*
¼c½ ^jksus ls nq%[k ugha feVrk
¼l½ ^jksus ls le; vuqdwy ugha gksrk
¼n½ mi;Zqä lHkh
4 
2. le; fdls u"V dj nsrk gS& 
¼v½ fujk'kkoknh dks ¼c½ nqHkkZX; ij

¼l½ detksj O;oLFkk dks ¼n½ mi;Zqä lHkh

3. bfrgkl fdls ;kn j[krk gS&

¼v½ ftues cy gksrk ¼c½ ftues iq#"kkFkZ gksrk gS
¼l½ lekt ds fy, çsjd dk;Z djrs gSa ¼n½ mi;Zqä lHkh

4. ^eèkqekl eèkqj #fpdj gS] ij ir>j Hkh vkrk gS* iafä dk Hkko gS&
¼v½ vPNs fnu lnSo ugha jgrs ¼c½ le; xfr'khy gS
¼l½ le; ifjorZu'khy gS ¼n½ mi;Zqä lHkh

®
5. dkO;ka'k ds vuqlkj bfrgkl lnk fdls nksgjkrk gS &
¼v½ ijekFkZ dk dk;Z djusokyksa ds ds xhrksa dks
¼c½ ohjksa ds xhrksa dks
¼l½ gqrkRekvksa ds xhrksa dks
¼n½ mi;Zqä lHkh ds xhrksa dks

;g nsf[k,] vjfoan ls f'k'kqo`an dSls lks jgs!

gSa us= ekrk ds bUgsa y[k r`Ir dSls gks jgs!
D;ksa [ksyuk] lksuk] :nu djuk] fog¡luk vkfn lc]
nsrk vifjfer g"kZ mldks ns[krh og bUgsa tc \
og çse gS] og çse gS] og çse gS] og çse gS]
gS vpy ftldh ewfrZ gk¡&gk¡] vVy ftldk use gSA
1. f'k'kqvksa dh rqyuk fdlls dh xbZ gS&
¼v½ flag ds cPps ls
¼c½ vjfoUn ls
¼l½ flag ds cPps ls vkSj vjfoUn nksuksa ls
¼n½ flag ds cPps ls vkSj vjfoUn nksuksa ls gh ugha

2. dfo dkO;ka'k esa ^og çse gS &------------^ dFku dks ckj& ckj D;ksa nqgjkrk x;k gS&
¼v½ iqujko`fÙk Hkkoksa ij tksj nsus gsrq ¼c½ rqd larqyu gsrq
¼l½ dkO; esa xs;rk mRiUu djus gsrq ¼n½ mi;Zqä lHkh gsrq
 5

 3. lksrs cPps dks ns[kdj ek¡ dh vk¡[kksa esa dkSu&lk Hkko fn[kkbZ iM+rk gS&
¼v½ vkRelarks"k dk ¼c½ xoZ dk

¼l½ ^r`fIr^ dk ¼n½ mi;Zqä lHkh dk

4. ek¡ dks vlhe vkuUn dc çkIr gksrk gS&

¼v½ ckyd dks [ksyrk ns[kdj
¼c½ ckyd dks lksrk ns[kdj
¼l½ ckyd dks jksrk – g¡lrk ns[kdj
¼n½ ckyd dks [ksyrk] lksrk] jksrk & g¡lrk ns[kdj

®
5. lUrku ds çfr ekrk & firk ds çse dks D;k dgrs gS&
¼v½ okRlY; ¼c½ vuqjfä
¼l½ Lusg ¼n½ eksg

-3 fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj nsus ds fy, mi;qä fodYi dk p;u dhft,&

1. buesa lekpkj i= dh vkokt fdls ekuk tkrk gS&
¼v½ Qhpj ¼c½ laiknd ds uke i=
¼l½ laikndh; ¼n½ LraHk ys[ku

2. çkIr lUns'k esa fufgr vFkZ dks le>kus dh dksf'k'k &------------------ gS&
¼v½ MhdksfMax ¼c½ ,udksfMax
¼l½ ,edksfMax ¼n½ fjd‚fMZax

3. lekpkj ys[ku ds fy, fdrus ddkj vko';d gSa&

¼v½ pkj ¼c½ rhu
¼l½ ik¡p ¼n½ N%

4. lUns'k dk vkf[kjh y{; dkSu gksrk gS&

¼v½ çs"kd ¼c½ lans'kokgd
¼l½ lUns'k ys[kd ¼n½ çkIrdrkZ
6 
5. baVªks esa fdrus ddkjksa dks vkèkkj cukdj [kcj fy[kh tkuh pkfg,& 
¼v½ rhu ;k pkj ¼c½ ,d ;k nks 
¼l½ nks ;k rhu ¼n½ pkj ;k ik¡p

-4 fuEufyf[kr i|ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd i<+dj iwNs x, ç'uksa ds lgh mÙkj okys fodYi pqfu,&
ro çrki mj jkf[k çHkq] tSgm¡ ukFk rqjaxA
vl dfg vk;lq ikg in] cfn pysm guqearA
Hkjr ckgq cy lhy xqu] çHkq in çhfr vikjA
eu egq¡ tkr ljkgr] iqfu&iqfu ioudqekjAA

®
1. fdl&fdl ds chp okrkZ crykbZ xbZ gS &
¼v½ jke&guqeku ds chp ¼c½ rqylh vkSj guqeku ds chp
¼l½ guqekuth vkSj Hkjr th ds chp ¼n½ mi;Zqä esa ls fdlh ds chp ugha

2. guqekuth vius lkFk D;k ys tk jgs Fks &

¼v½ lathouh cwaVh ¼c½ t+Msa
¼l½ o`{k ¼n½ mi;Zqä esa ls dksbZ ugha

3. guqeku Hkjr dh fdl ckr ls çHkkfor gq, &

¼v½ :i lkSUn;Z ls ¼c½ okrkZyki ls
¼l½ jke Hkfä ls ¼n½ mi;Zqä lHkh ls

4. ro çrki mj jkf[k çHkq] bl iafä esa ro 'kCn dk vFkZ gS &

¼v½ rw ¼c½ vkidk
¼l½ rqe ¼n½ mi;Zqä esa ls dksbZ ugha

5. dfo dk uke crkb,&

¼v½ mek 'kadj tks'kh ¼c½ fQjkd xksj[kiqjh
¼l½ rqylh ¼n½ mi;Zqä esa ls dksbZ ugha
 7

 -5 fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks i<+dj fn, x, ç'uksa ds lgh mÙkj okys fodYi dks pqfu,&
tgk¡ cSB ds ;g ys[k fy[k jgk gw¡ mlds vkxs&ihNs] nk;sa&ck;s]a f'kjh"k ds vusd isM+ gSaA tsB dh

tyrh èkwi esa] tcfd èkfj=h fuèkweZ vfXudqaM cuh gqbZ Fkh] f'kjh"k uhps ls Åij rd Qwyksa ls yn x;k
FkkA de Qwy bl çdkj dh xjeh esa Qwy ldus dh fgEer djrs gSaA df.kZdkj vkSj vkjXoèk
¼veyrkl½ dh ckr eSa Hkwy ugha jgk gw¡A os Hkh vkl&ikl cgqr gSaA ysfdu f'kjh"k ds lkFk vkjXoèk dh
rqyuk ugha dh tk ldrhA og iaæg&chl fnu ds fy, Qwyrk gS] olar _rq ds iyk'k dh Hkk¡frA
dchjnkl dks bl rjg iaæg fnu ds fy, ygd mBuk ilan ugha FkkA ;g Hkh D;k fd nl fnu Qwys
vkSj fQj [ka[kM+&ds&[ka[kM+&^fnu nl Qwyk Qwfyds] [ka[kM+ Hk;k iykl!* ,sls nqenkjksa ls rks ySaMwjs
HkysA Qwy gS f'kjh"kA olar ds vkxeu ds lkFk ygd mBrk gS] vk"kk<+ rd tks fuf'pr :i ls eLr
cuk jgrk gSA eu je x;k rks Hkjs Hkknksa esa Hkh fu?kkZr Qwyrk jgrk gSA

®
1. ys[kd dgk¡ cSBdj fy[k jgk gS&
¼v½ vius vè;;ud{k esa cSBdj ¼c½ isM+ ij cSBdj
¼l½ isM+ ds uhps cSBdj ¼n½ mi;Zqä esa ls dgha ugha

2. ys[kd f'kjh"k ds Qwy dh D;k fo'ks"krk crkrk gSa&

¼v½ xeÊ esa eqj>k tkrk gS
¼c½ xeÊ esa Hkh f[kyk jgrk gS
¼l½ fnu dks f[kyrk gS vkSj jkr dks eqj>k tkrk gS&
¼n½ mi;Zqä esa ls dksbZ lgh ugha

3. dchjnkl dks dkSu&ls Qwy ilan ugha Fks&

¼v½ 10&15 fnu f[kyus okys Qwy ¼c½ ,d&nks eghus f[kyuk
¼l½ ,d fnu f[kykuk ¼n½ mi;Zqä esa ls dksbZ lgh ugha

4. f'kjh"k fdl _rq esa ygdrk gS&

¼v½ 'kjn ¼c½ xzh"e
¼l½ olar _rq ls Hkknksa rd ¼n½ o"kkZ

5. mä x|ka'k fdl ikB ls m)`r gS –

¼v½ f'kjh"k ds Qwy ¼c½ Je foHkktu vkSj tkfrçFkk
¼l½ igyoku dh <ksyd ¼n½ dkys es?kk ikuh ns
8 
-6 fuEufyf[kr ç'uksa ds mÙkj gsrq funZs'kuqlkj lgh fodYi dk p;u dhft, – 
1. eqvutks-nM+ks dh [kqnkbZ esa fudyh iath—r pht+ksa dh la[;k fdruh Fkh&

¼v½ 50 gtkj ls vfèkd ¼c½ 20 gtkj ls vfèkd
¼l½ 30 gtkj ls vfèkd ¼n½ 60 gtkj ls vfèkd

2. [kqnkbZ ls çkIr xsgw¡ dk jax dSlk gS&

¼v½ ihyk ¼c½ dkyk
¼l½ gjk ¼n½ uhyk

3. ;'kksèkj ckcw dh iRuh fdldk lkFk nsrh gS&

®
¼v½ ifr dk ¼c½ vkèkqfudrk dk
¼l½ vius cPpksa dk ¼n½ ekSt eLrh dk

4. ys[kd dks xf.kr i<+kus okys ekLVj dk D;k uke Fkk&

¼v½ olar ¼c½ lkSanyxsdj
¼l½ ea=h ¼n½ jrukIik

5. ys[kd ds nknk (firk) dh dSlh ço`fÙk Fkh&

¼v½ ifjJeh ¼c½ xqLlSy vkSj fgald
¼l½ fouez ¼n½ vfgald

6. fd'ku nk dk okLrfod D;k Fkk &

¼v½ —".kk uUn ik.Ms; ¼c½ —".k uanu ik.Ms;
¼l½ —".k uanu ¼n½ mi;Zqä esa ls dksbZ ugha

7. ys[kd dk firk dksYgw tYnh D;ksa pyk fy;k djrk Fkk&

¼v½ dke tYnh fuiVkus ds pDdj esa ¼c½ vfèkd iSls feyus ds çyksHku esa
¼l½ viuh rRijrk fn[kkus ds fy, ¼n½ mi;Zqä lHkh dkj.kksa ls

8. vkuan ftl d{kk esa i<+rk Fkk] ml d{kk dk e‚fuVj dkSu Fkk&
¼v½ olar ikfVy ¼c½ pOgk.k ikfVy
¼l½ euksgj ikfVy ¼n½ mi;Zqä esa ls dksbZ ugha
 9

 9. flYoj oSfMax ij Hkw"k.k us vius firk ds fy, D;k migkj yk;k Fkk&
¼v½ dqjrk&ik;tkek ¼c½ iqyksoj

¼l½ èkksrh&dqjrk ¼n½ Åuh Mªsflax xkmu

10. tw> ikB fdl ys[kd dh vkRedFkk dk va'k gS&

¼v½ vkse Fkkuoh ¼c½ vkuan ;kno
¼l½ ,su ÝSd
a ¼n½ euksgj ';ke tks'kh
-
-7 fn, x, pkj vçR;kf'kr fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij yxHkx 120 'kCnksa esa jpukRed ys[k
fyf[k,–

®
¼v½ vkèkqfudrk vkSj ukjh
¼c½ Vsyhfotu vkSj flusek dk lkekftd thou ij çHkko
¼l½ vkt ds ;qx esa daI;wVj dh egÙkk
¼n½ vaxzsth Hkk"kk dk c<+rk çHkko

-8 fdUgh nks ç'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx 60 'kCnksa esa nhft, –

¼d½ vfHkO;fä ds vfèkdkj esa fucaèkksa ds u, fo"k; fdl çdkj lgk;d fl) gksrs gSa\
¼[k½ dgkuh ys[ku esa mís'; dgkuhdkj dks ,d fn'kk çnku djrk gS] dSls\
¼x½ jsfM;ks ukVd esa èofu vkSj laoknksa dk egÙo Li"V dhft, \

-9 fuEufyf[kr rhu esa ls fdUgh nks ç'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx 80 'kCnksa esa fyf[k, –
¼d½ mYVk fijkfeM 'kSyh esa lekpkj ys[ku fdl çdkj fd;k tkrk gS \
¼[k½ lekpkj ys[ku gsrq vko';d rF;ksa dk mYys[k dhft,|
¼x½ lekpkj rFkk Qhpj esa varj Li"V djsa &

-10 dkO; [kaM ij vkèkkfjr fuEufyf[kr rhu ç'uksa esa ls fdUgh nks ç'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx 60 'kCnksa esa
fyf[k, & [3 × 2 = 6]
¼d½ ^eSa cuk&cuk fdrus tx jkst feVkrk*&ls dfo dk D;k rkRi;Z gS\
¼[k½ Hkzkr`'kksd esa gqbZ jke dh n'kk dks rqylh us çHkq dh yhyk dh vis{kk ekuoh; vuqHkwfr ds :i esa
çLrqr fd;k gS] bl dFku dh iqf"V dhft,A
¼x½ ^ijns ij oä dh dher gSa* bl iafä ls D;k vk'k; gS \
10 
-11 i| [kaM ij vkèkkfjr fuEufyf[kr rhu ç'uksa esa ls fdUgh nks ç'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa fyf[k, 
[2 × 2 = 4]

¼d½ vkSj cp tkrs gSa rc rks
vkSj Hkh fuMj gksdj lqugys lwjt ds lkeus vkrs gSaA
mä iafä dk vk'k; Li"V dhft;s
¼[k½ fQjkd xksj[kiqjh us cPps }kjk pk¡n ek¡xus dh ftn dk tks fp=.k fd;k gS mls vius 'kCnksa esa
fyf[k, &
¼x½ dfo us Hkksj ds uHk dks jk[k ls yhik gqvk pkSadk D;ksa dgk gSa\

-12 x| [kaM ij vkèkkfjr fuEufyf[kr rhu ç'uksa esa ls fdUgh nks ç'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx 60 'kCnksa esa

®
fyf[k,& [3 × 3 = 6]
¼d½ ^ikuh ns] xqM+èkkuh ns* es?kksa ls ikuh ds lkFk–lkFk xqM+èkkuh dh ek¡xus dk vk'k; Li"V dhft;sA
¼[k½ igyoku dh <ksyd* dgkuh dk dF; lkekftd vkSj ç'kklfud O;oLFkk dks Hkh mtkxj djkrh
gS] bl dFku dh iqf"V dhft;s &
¼x½ vEcsMdj us ^nklrk* fdls dgk gS \

-13 x| [kaM ij vkèkkfjr fuEufyf[kr rhu ç'uksa esa ls fdUgh nks ç'uksa ds mÙkj yxHkx 40 'kCnksa esa
fyf[k, [2 ×2 = 4]
¼d½ Hkfäu ds thou ds çFke ifjPNsn dh ?kVuk vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,
¼[k½ [kkyh eu rFkk Hkjh tsc dk ys[kd us D;k çHkko cryk;k gS \
¼x½ f}osnhth us vkèkqfud dfo;ksa dks D;k lykg nh gS \