LES NOMBRES COMPLEXES
Il s’agit de l’ensemble C qui contient tous les nombres réels.
Dans cet ensemble, i =−1.
2
I. FORME ALGEBRIQUE
z=a+ib
A et b sont des réels. A est la partie réelle et b la partie
imaginaire.
Si z=0 alors a et b valent 0
II. AFFIXE
M a pour affixe le nombre complexe z=a+ib il est aussi l’affixe
du vecteur u⃗ .
PROPRIETES
Soit M et N deux points du plan.
M a pour affixe ZM
N a pour affixe ZN.
⃗
MN =Z N −Z M
Z M+ Z N
I Milieu [ MN ] ⇔ 2
u⃗ et ⃗v sont deux vecteurs du plan.
u⃗ a pour affixe Z et ⃗v A pour affixe Z’.
u⃗ + ⃗v =Z+ Z
'
k u⃗ =kZ
III. CONJUGUE
z=a+ib son conjugué z=a−ib
PROPRIETES SUR LES CONJUGUES
z=a+ib et ' '
z =a +i b
'
a. ź=z
b. z + z =z+ z
' '
c. z × z ' =z × z '
d. z =z
n n
e. ( 1z )= 1z
f. ()
z
z
'
z
= '
z
g. z Est réel ⇔ z=z
h. z est imaginaire pur ⇔ z=−z
IV. MODULE ET ARGUMENT
On appelle module de z=a+ib, le nombre réel positif
|z|=√ a2 +b2.
On appelle argument de z noté arg (z) une mesure en radians
de l’angle (u⃑ , ⃑
OM ).
PROPRIETES SUR LES MODULES
a. |z |=z × z
2
b. |z|=|z|
c. |−z|=|z|
d. |z × z |=|z|×|z |
' '
e. |z |=|z|
n n
f. | | || ||
z
z '
z
= '
z
g. Inégalité : |z + z |≤|z|+|z |
' '
PROPRIETES SUR LES ARGUMENTS
a. Z est un réel, arg ( z )=0 [ π ]
π
b. Z est un imaginaire ; arg ( z )= 2 [ π ]
c. Arg ( z )= −arg ( z )
d. arg (−z )=arg ( z )+ π
e. arg ( )
z1
z2
=arg ( z 1 )−arg ( z 2 )
f. arg ( 1z )=−arg ( z)
g. arg ( z × z ) =arg ( z )+ arg ( z )
1 2 1 2
h. arg ( z ) =n arg ( z )
n
V. FORME TRIGONOMETRIQUE
z=a+ib ⇔ z=|z|( cos ( θ)+isin (θ))
VI. FORME EXPONENTIELLE
( cos (θ )+ isin (θ ) )=e iθ
Donc
z=|z|e iθ
Avec
|z|≥ 0
Et
z=|z|e−iθ
PROPRIETES SUR LES EXPO
a. e
' '
iθ iθ iθ+iθ
× e =e
b. ( e iθ n
) =e inθ
1
c. e iθ
=e−iθ
e iθ
d.
'
iθ−iθ
iθ'
=e
e
e. e iπ
=−1
f. e iθ
=e
−iθ
APLICATION
A, B, C, et D sont quatre points deux à deux distincts d’affixes
respectives ZA, ZB, ZC, ZD :
a. ( u⃗ , ⃗
AB )=arg ( Z B −Z A )
b. AB=|Z B −Z A|
Z D−Z C
c. (⃗ CD )=arg (
AB , ⃗
Z B−Z A
)
VII. EQUATION DU SECOND DEGRE
2 2
a Z + bZ+ c=0 ∆=b −4 a ×c
∆ >0 ∆ <0 ∆=0
2 racines réelles 2 racines 1 racine réelle
complexes
−b−√ ∆ −b−i √−∆ Z 0=
−b
Z1 = Z1 =
2a 2a 2a
−b+ √ ∆ −b+i √ −∆
Z2 = Z2 =
2a 2a
VIII. FORMULE DE MOIVRE
iθ
e =cosθ +isinθ
(e ¿¿ iθ)n=(cosθ +isinθ)n ¿
iθn
e =cos ( nθ)+ isin(nθ)
IX. FORMULE DE EULER
eiθ +e−iθ
a. cos θ=
2
iθ −iθ
e −e
b. sin θ=
2i
X. RACINE NIEME
a. Racines nièmes de l’unité
Nombre complexe Z vérifiant Zn=1 avec n ∈ N ¿
i2 kπ
Ces Nombres complexes sont de la forme : W k =e
n
Avec k entier compris entre [ 0 ; n−1 ]
b. Racine nième de Z
iθ
Z=r e
Les racines sont de la forme :
θ i2 kπ
i +
√r e
n n n
Avec k entier compris entre [ 0 ; n−1 ]
EXERCICES A FAIRE
FREQUEMMENT
I. MINIS PROBLEMES I
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U4IdshoSRDY
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vvyt_vPmCY4
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30h1r28RihU
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ai9M5d9rvd4
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5XHr7m_j7U
6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TsfLaoHqf2g
7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbCKGzrkNbY
8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TW4ExiWgNM
II. MINIS PROBLEMES II
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1h3OsW4mEY
III. ENSEMBLES DE POINTS
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KMg5QFdZDL4
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UOM3Y_q9AJA
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=WTXu19XC9Lw&list=PLVUDmbpupCaoGOilRpWxvdxFrP03
-Toj6&index=31
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=5puq7tzMZAo&list=PLVUDmbpupCaoGOilRpWxvdxFrP03-
Toj6&index=32
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=r6RO4ifOf70&list=PLVUDmbpupCaoGOilRpWxvdxFrP03-
Toj6&index=33
IV. EQUATIONS
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZDFu0O7IfU(8min06s,
13min26s,
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R58bfxMAXaI
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3JQtIzPgSg
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCnorHy5FE4&t=15s
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qu7zGL5y4vI
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4Ey40JBjwk
6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Wk42W5IiwU
7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jHqEHHpBrb8
8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_q90tSqfFgg
9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XhojC1ZUu9w
10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b8Mx9sMFDoQ
11. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yhJUR1K5sc
12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PcQdo8G_Gg8
13.
V. FORMULE DE MOIVRE
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=SFOyzGUb28E&list=PLWgfAUKsCm9JTvE9smIZw46bWk
63JwU71&index=2
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=RU2C4i3n5Ik&list=PLVUDmbpupCaoGOilRpWxvdxFrP03-
Toj6&index=26
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=7z7s6NVSyj0&list=PLVUDmbpupCaoGOilRpWxvdxFrP03-
Toj6&index=27
VI. FORMULE DE EULER
I. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5RbY4B1hgg
II. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sKu5kfUbFWc
III. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cOgRBJP0wjc
IV. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gl5K2m6lU00
V. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMkMt8pGUWk
VI. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NkNtIxI6Bwk
VII. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=p6TncUjPKfQ&list=PLVUDmbpupCaoGOilRpWxvdxFrP03
-Toj6&index=28
VIII. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=rsrDqzMtu6M&list=PLVUDmbpupCaoGOilRpWxvdxFrP03
-Toj6&index=29
IX. BINOME DE NEWTON
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3dJ1aGk2uVc (18min54s)
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UsYH9PvppPo
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow_osQOcnj4
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NsDAlxNoSPk
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V_BfdnH6gtQ
X. RACINES NIEME
a. CAS 1
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4aG8LF-1H0
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFOyzGUb28E
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eEYfyVf3Fcs
b. CAS 2 : SOMME
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9onKTUsdyEQ
c. CAS 3 : DMQ SIN OU COS=
QLQCH
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uu7CCrKJYDw
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6LLHGPdByw
IX. TECHNIQUE DE L’ANGLE
MOITIE
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZXHmd-KhjQ&t=2s
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lcvd1RZfmEY
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pD9jDHaTzU
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uxiXyV1sOek
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrpTMu-BcKI
6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EzlCg5nL8YY
7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EAJheTFPL4w
8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HRdgsZQUVY
9. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWZdNbTtnRg
X. DEMONSTRATION AVEC
MODULE ET CONJUGUE
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aARMU65Kwjo
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FWZdNbTtnRg
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=XTNKoNfFopw&list=PLVUDmbpupCaoGOilRpWxvdxF
rP03-Toj6&index=17
4.
XI. APPLIQUER LES FORMULES
SUR LES SIN ET COS
a. Addition et duplication
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=sCUNjZ6yqac&list=PLVUDmbpupCaoGOilRpWxvdxFrP
03-Toj6&index=19
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=RPtAUl3oLco&list=PLVUDmbpupCaoGOilRpWxvdxFrP
03-Toj6&index=20
b. Équation
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=yx3yULqR_wI&list=PLVUDmbpupCaoGOilRpWxvdxFrP03
-Toj6&index=21
2.
