SESSION 2022 LVB6AE

ÉPREUVE MUTUALISÉE AVEC E3A-POLYTECH

ÉPREUVE COMMUNE - FILIÈRES MP - PC - PSI - TPC - TSI
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LANGUE VIVANTE B
ANGLAIS - ESPAGNOL
L’épreuve de langue vivante B est obligatoire pour Lorraine INP - EEIGM (filières MP, PC et PSI)

Durée : 1 heure
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N.B. : si un candidat croit repérer ce qui paraît être une erreur d’énoncé, il le signalera par écrit :
re
- en cochant la case 40 A (1 ligne) ;
- en expliquant au verso de la grille réponse les raisons des initiatives qu’il a été amené à prendre et poursuivra
normalement son épreuve.
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L’usage d’un dictionnaire et de machines (traductrice, calculatrice, etc.) est strictement interdit.

INFORMATIONS GÉNÉRALES

Définition et barème
QCM en trois parties avec quatre propositions de réponse par item.
I. Compréhension : 12 items (10 points sur 20)
II. Lexique : 12 items (5 points sur 20)
III. Compétence grammaticale : 15 items (5 points sur 20)

Réponse juste : + 3
Pas de réponse : 0
Réponse fausse ou réponses multiples : – 1

Instructions
Lisez le texte et répondez ensuite aux questions.
Choisissez parmi les quatre propositions de réponse (A, B, C ou D) celle qui vous paraît la mieux
adaptée. Il n’y a qu’une seule réponse possible pour chaque item.
Reportez votre choix sur la feuille de réponse.

Index " alphabétique "
Anglais : pages 2 à 5
Espagnol : pages 6 à 10

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 ANGLAIS
Cambridge is right to join the flight from fossil fuels. But divestment is
just a start.
It’s been a year of considerable blows to the fossil fuel industry. Thursday’s announcement that
the University of Cambridge will divest its endowment from fossil fuel corporations is another
considerable win for campaigners, who have spent many years doggedly demanding change
from an institution that – despite being a global leader in scientific research and education – has
5 been obstinate about severing its many ties to the fossil fuel industry, including significant
research funding from Shell and BP.

Of course, serious questions will doubtless be raised about why a full decade is needed to shift
money out of direct fossil fuel investments, and until 2038 to arrive at a “net-zero portfolio”. And
the absence of a commitment on cutting the university’s close research ties with fossil fuel
10 companies is also sure to draw some ire. Ultimately, however, the announcement is significant
for the message it sends about the future of the fossil fuel industry. It joins a swelling chorus of
voices spanning cities from Oslo to LA, more than half of the UK universities, the Republic of
Ireland, Norway’s $1tn sovereign wealth fund, and even – in a very limited way – BlackRock, the
world’s largest asset manager. Divestment pledges worldwide now total $11tn worth of fossil fuel
15 assets.

But as encouraging as this snowballing divestment has been to watch, the fact that even
companies such as BlackRock – with its notoriously poor record on climate – are slowly coming
onboard should prompt some reflection on the stage the divestment movement has reached,
and whether it needs to evolve if it’s to continue pushing for the radicalism we need. We appear
20 to have firmly entered the era that divestment campaigners have long foreseen: fossil fuels are
simply no longer good investments.

This year, oil companies have written down billions in assets, and waves of bankruptcies have
swept US shale gas while the North Sea oil and gas industry has shed jobs. ExxonMobil was
removed from the Dow Jones industrial average after nearly a century, and five tech companies
25 now dominate the S&P500, occupying an astonishing 20% of the index’s value compared with
the measly 2.3% claimed by the entire energy sector.

Prudent financial institutions are responding by shifting investments to industries where returns
are both greater and more secure in the long term. Sometimes this includes green energy, but
often it simply means following the market, with freed-up cash shifting to tech and other financial
30 companies. Even “ethical” investment strategies, so-called “ESG (environmental, social,
governance)” funds, have come under fire for poor quality control, inconsistent or dubious
ratings, and questionable impacts.

Divestment has played a significant part in advancing the timeline for fossil fuels’ demise.
Although questions have been raised about the immediate impact of divestment on share prices,
35 the movement has undoubtedly stigmatised investments in the fossil fuel industry. Last year,
Shell admitted the divestment movement posed a “material risk” to its business model. But there
is a limit to the number of endowments and funds that represent beneficiaries who can be
readily organised and are willing to submit to these demands, such as student bodies, religious
communities and the constituents of progressive councils and cities. A vast amount of the
40 financial system is deeply undemocratic, and – despite the industry’s gloomy outlook –
demonstrably unresponsive to demands for an end to fossil fuel finance. Just five North
American banks, for instance, have financed nearly $1tn in fossil fuels since 2016, with little sign
of slowing. The question, then, is what comes next?

Divestment is a means of addressing an urgent, immediate problem: the financing of fossil fuels.
45 But the divestment movement is fighting a war of attrition, in which its opponents – at least within

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 the economic and political systems built by and for them – are considerably better resourced.
The climate crisis is a product of those same systems, and it demands that we fight against
them.

Climate and environmental breakdown are a crisis of inequality, rooted in profound imbalances
50 in wealth and power both within and between countries. A spate of reports and letters from
leading scientists have sounded the alarm on this sober reality, and warned that we will likely fail
in combating the climate crisis unless we radically reduce inequality and redistribute
consumption and resource use. […] But to challenge the status quo driving this crisis in the first
place, the movement must challenge the immense and undemocratic structural power of the
55 financial system, and the explosion of inequality it has supported, and not settle for greener
portfolios.

Adapted from The Guardian, 4 October 2020

I. COMPRÉHENSION
Choisissez la réponse qui vous paraît la plus adéquate en fonction du sens du texte.

1. From line 1 to line 6, it should be 5. From line 16 to line 21, it should be

understood that the University of understood that BlackRock:
Cambridge: (A) is an ecological firm.
(A) will give money to fossil fuel companies. (B) refuses to go green.
(B) will accept fewer funds from fossil fuel firms. (C) intends to reduce its investments in fossil
(C) has renewed its contract with fossil fuel fuel industry.
firms. (D) is in total contradiction with Cambridge’s
(D) defends fossil fuel companies. position.

2. From line 1 to line 6, it should be 6. From line 22 to line 26, it should be

understood that activists: understood that most fossil fuel industries:
(A) used to criticize the University of (A) have increased their revenues.
Cambridge. (B) have agreed on producing less.
(B) approved of Cambridge’s former attitude. (C) have reduced their staff.
(C) have asked Cambridge to accept BP’s (D) have seen their turnover go down.
funds.
(D) have received money from Shell and BP. 7. From line 27 to line 32, it should be
understood that:
3. From line 7 to line 15, it should be (A) Tech and financial firms are losing ground.
understood that Cambridge: (B) Many financial institutions have invested in
(A) intends to increase its carbon emissions in green energy.
2038. (C) Financial companies tend to show less
(B) will ask for more funds from fossil fuel interest in fossil fuel industry.
industry in 2038. (D) ESG controls are reliable.
(C) will increase its investments in fossil fuel
industries starting from 2038. 8. From line 33 to line 43, it should be
(D) will have stopped investing money in fossil understood that fossil fuel companies:
fuels in 2038. (A) are approved of by student associations.
(B) are criticized by the whole financial system.
4. From line 7 to line 15, it should be (C) can still rely on funds from financial firms.
understood that $11tn is the amount of (D) try to attract religious communities.
money:
(A) Cambridge will soon receive.
(B) that will not be invested in fossil fuels
worldwide.
(C) the university’s research costs.
(D) fossil fuel industry saves every year.

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9. From line 33 to line 43, it should be 11. From line 49 to line 56, it should be
understood that: understood that according to scientists:
(A) The amount of money invested by North (A) global warming and social inequality are not
American banks is insignificant. linked.
(B) Fossil fuel energy still attracts many banks. (B) over-consumption touches all countries.
(C) Just 5 American banks invest in fossil fuel (C) climate change is linked to inequality.
energy. (D) combating climate change means reducing
(D) In 2016, fossil fuel firms' revenue reached the people's resources.
$1tn.
12. From line 49 to line 56, it should be
10. From line 44 to line 48, it should be understood that the climate crisis can be
understood that fossil fuel firms: solved only:
(A) are easy to fight. (A) by the financial system.
(B) have tight links with governments. (B) thanks to investments in green energies.
(C) don't need the economic system's support. (C) if fairer political and financial systems are
(D) are weaker than their opponents. set in place.
(D) if consumption increases.

II. LEXIQUE
Choisissez la réponse qui vous paraît la plus appropriée en fonction du contexte.

13. divest (line 2) means: 19. snowballing (line 16) means:

(A) receive (A) freezing
(B) send (B) whitening
(C) remove (C) accumulating
(D) refuse (D) jumping

14. endowment (line 2) means: 20. shed (line 23) means:

(A) obligations (A) offered
(B) rules (B) promoted
(C) applications (C) cut
(D) fundings (D) changed

15. doggedly (line 3) means: 21. measly (line 26) means:

(A) unsuccessfully (A) minimum
(B) slowly (B) average
(C) continuously (C) equal
(D) smartly (D) meager

16. swelling (line 11) means: 22. gloomy (line 40) means:
(A) increasing (A) dark
(B) competent (B) brilliant
(C) loud (C) shining
(D) interesting (D) short

17. spanning (line 12) means: 23. spate (line 50) means:
(A) covering (A) extract
(B) asking (B) flood
(C) running (C) meeting
(D) collecting (D) addition

18. pledges (line 14) means: 24. sober (line 51) means:
(A) debts (A) humble
(B) promises (B) unique
(C) arrangements (C) hard
(D) contracts (D) obvious

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 III. COMPÉTENCE GRAMMATICALE
Choisissez la réponse adéquate.

25. Climate change …. a burning issue .... 33. They …. relying on them.
decades. (A) had better to stop
(A) is / since (B) had better stop
(B) has been / since (C) had to better stop
(C) is / for (D) had better stopping
(D) has been / for
34. It goes without …. that they can't exploit their
26. Fossil fuel corporations are …. criticized. workers.
(A) the more and the more (A) say
(B) most and most (B) to say
(C) more and more (C) saying
(D) the more and the most (D) to saying

27. They got …. funds last year. 35. We were told …. earlier.
(A) fewer (A) coming
(B) less (B) come
(C) a little (C) to coming
(D) little (D) to come

28. They need …. before investing. 36. …. you go, …. it is for the planet.
(A) a lot advice (A) The greener / the best
(B) a lot of advices (B) The greenest / the better
(C) a lot of advice (C) The greener / the better
(D) lots of advices (D) The greenest / the best

29. I can't stand …. such a company. 37. They couldn't believe them …. they knew
(A) you supporting they were liars.
(B) your supporting (A) all the more as
(C) you support (B) all the more than
(D) you to support (C) all the most since
(D) all the most as
30. However …., we shall succeed.
(A) it may be long 38. Green energy …. during the past meeting.
(B) it maybe is long (A) has been debated
(C) long is it (B) will be debated
(D) long it may take (C) debated
(D) was debated
31. Their project is supposed …. trillions of
dollars. 39. If you …. more careful, you …. so much
(A) to cost money.
(B) costing (A) were / wouldn't have lose
(C) cost (B) were / will not lose
(D) costs (C) had been / wouldn't have lost
(D) have been / wouldn't lose
32. This is …. thing I have ever heard.
(A) the sillier
(B) the silliest
(C) they more silly
(D) most silly

FIN

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