APPENDIX A/689

Table A.8 Properties of Saturated Steam and Water: English Units

Absolute pressure Vacuum Temperature Heat of Latent heat Total heat Specific volume
(in. Hg) (~ the liquid of evaporation of steam
(psi) (in. Hg) (Btu/lb) (Btu/lb) (Btu/lb) Water Steam
(ft3/lb) (ft3/lb)
0.08859 0.02 29.90 32.018 0.0003 1075.5 1075.5 0.016022 3302.4
0.10 0.20 29.72 35.023 3.026 1073.8 1076.8 0.016020 2945.5
0.15 0.31 29.61 45.453 13.498 1067.9 1081.4 0.016020 2004.7
0.20 0.41 29.51 53.160 21.217 1053.5 1084.7 0.016025 1526.3
0.25 0.51 29.41 59.323 27.382 1060.1 1087.4 0.016032 1235.5
0.30 0.61 29.31 64.484 32.541 1057.1 1089.7 0.016040 1039.7
0.35 0.71 29.21 68.939 36.992 1054.6 1091.6 0.016048 898.6
0.40 0.81 29.11 72.869 40.917 1052.4 1093.3 0.016056 792.1
0.45 0.92 29.00 76.387 44.430 1050.5 1094.9 0.016063 708.8
0.50 1.02 28.90 79.586 47.623 1048.6 1096.3 0.016071 641.5
0.60 1.22 28.70 85.218 53.245 1045.5 1098.7 0.016085 540.1
0.70 1.43 28.49 90.09 58.10 1042.7 1100.8 0.016099 466.94
0.80 1.63 28.29 94.38 62.39 1040.3 1102.6 0.016112 411.69
0.90 1.83 28.09 98.24 66.24 1038.1 1104.3 0.016124 368.43
1.0 2.04 27.88 101.74 69.73 1036.1 1105.8 0.016136 333.60
1.2 2.44 27.48 107.91 75.90 1032.6 1108.5 0.016158 280.96
1.4 2.85 27.07 113.26 81.23 1029.5 1110.7 0.016178 243.02
1.6 3.26 26.66 117.98 85.95 1026.8 1112.7 0.016196 214.33
1.8 3.66 26.26 122.22 90.18 1024.3 1114.5 0.016213 191.85
2.0 4.07 25.85 126.07 94.03 1022.1 1116.2 0.016230 173.76
2.2 4.48 25.44 129.61 97.57 1020.1 1117.6 0.016245 158.87
2.4 4.89 25.03 132.88 100.84 1018.2 1119.0 0.016260 146.40
2.6 5.29 24.63 135.93 103.88 1016.4 1120.3 0.016274 135.80
2.8 5.70 24.22 138.78 106.73 1014.7 1121.5 0.016287 126.67
3.0 6.11 23.81 141.47 109.42 1013.2 1122.6 0.016300 118.73
3.5 7.13 22.79 147.56 115.51 1009.6 1125.1 0.016331 102.74
4.0 8.14 21.78 152.96 120.92 1006.4 1127.3 0.016358 90.64
4.5 9.16 20.76 157.82 125.77 1003.5 1129.3 0.016384 83.03
5.0 10.18 19.74 162.24 130.20 1000.9 1131.1 0.016407 73.532
5.5 11.20 18.72 166.29 134.26 998.5 1132.7 0.016430 67.249
6.0 12.22 17.70 170.05 138.03 996.2 1134.2 0.016451 61.984
6.5 13.23 16.69 173.56 141.54 994.1 1135.6 0.016472 57.506
7.0 14.25 15.67 176.84 144.83 992.1 1136.9 0.016491 53.650
7.5 15.27 14.65 179.93 147.93 990.2 1138.2 0.016510 50.294
8.0 16.29 13.63 182.86 150.87 988.5 1139.3 0.016527 47.345
8.5 17.31 12.61 185.63 153.65 986.8 1140.4 0.016545 44.733
9.0 18.32 11.60 188.27 156.30 985.1 1141.4 0.016561 42.402
9.5 19.34 10.58 190.80 158.84 983.6 1142.4 0.016577 40.310
10.0 20.36 9.56 193.21 161.26 982.1 1143.3 0.016592 38.420
11.0 22.40 7.52 197.75 165.82 979.3 1145.1 0.016622 35.142
12.0 24.43 5.49 201.96 170.05 976.6 1146.7 0.016650 32.394
13.0 26.47 3.45 205.88 174.00 974.2 1148.2 0.016676 30.057
14.0 28.50 1.42 209.56 177.71 971.9 1149.6 0.016702 28.043

(Continued)
A/690 APPENDIX

Table A.8 (Continued)

Pressure (psi) Temperature Heat of Latent heat Total heat Specific volume
(~ the liquid of evaporation of steam
Absolute Gage (Btu/lb) (Btu/lb) (Btu/lb) Water Steam
(fi-3/lb) (ft3/lb)
14.696 0.0 212.00 180.17 970.3 1150.3 0.016719 26.799
15.0 0.3 213.03 181.21 969.7 1150.9 0.016726 26.290
16.0 1.3 216.32 184.52 967.6 1152.1 0.016749 24.750
17.0 2.3 219.44 187.66 965.6 1153.2 0.016771 23.385
18.0 3.3 222.41 190.66 963.7 1154.3 0.016793 22.168
19.0 4.3 225.24 193.52 961.8 1155.3 0.016814 21.074
2O.0 5.3 227.96 196.27 960.1 1156.3 0.016834 20.087
21.0 6.3 230.57 198.90 958.4 1157.3 0.016854 19.190
22.0 7.3 233.07 201.44 956.7 1158.1 0.016873 18.373
23.0 8.3 235.49 203.88 955.1 1159.0 0.016891 17.624
24.0 9.3 237.82 206.24 953.6 1159.8 0.016909 16.936
25.0 10.3 240.07 208.52 952.1 1160.6 0.016927 16.301
26.0 11.3 242.25 210.7 950.6 1161.4 0.016944 15.7138
27.0 12.3 244.36 212.9 949.2 1162.1 0.016961 15.1684
28.0 13.3 246.41 214.9 947.9 1162.8 0.016977 14.6607
29.0 14.3 248.40 217.0 946.5 1163.5 0.016993 14.1869
30.0 15.3 250.34 218.9 945.2 1164.1 0.017009 13.7436
31.0 16.3 252.22 220.8 943.9 1164.8 0.017024 13.3280
32.0 17.3 254.05 222.7 942.7 1165.4 0.017039 12.9376
33.0 18.3 255.84 224.5 941.5 1166.0 0.017054 12.5700
34.0 19.3 257.58 226.3 940.3 1166.6 0.017069 12.2234
35.0 20.3 259.29 228.0 939.1 1167.1 0.017083 11.8959
36.0 21.3 260.95 229.7 938.0 1167.7 0.017097 11.5860
37.0 22.3 262.58 231.4 936.9 1168.2 0.017111 11.2923
38.0 23.3 264.17 233.0 935.8 1168.8 0.017124 11.0136
39.0 24.3 265.72 234.6 934.7 1169.3 0.017138 10.7487
40.0 25.3 267.25 236.1 933.6 1169.8 0.017151 10.4965
41.0 26.3 268.74 237.7 932.6 1170.2 0.017164 10.2563
42.0 27.3 270.21 239.2 931.5 1170.7 0.017177 10.0272
43.0 28.3 271.65 240.6 930.5 1171.2 0.017189 9.8083
44.0 29.3 273.06 242.1 929.5 1171.6 0.017202 9.5991
45.0 30.3 274.44 243.5 928.6 1172.0 0.017214 9.3988
46.0 31.3 275.80 244.9 927.6 1172.5 0.017226 9.2070
47.0 32.3 277.14 246.2 926.6 1172.9 0.017238 9.0231
48.0 33.3 278.45 247.6 925.7 1173.3 0.017250 8.8465
49.0 34.3 279.74 248.9 924.8 1173.7 0.017262 8.6770
5O.0 35.3 281.02 250.2 923.9 1174.1 0.017274 8.5140
51.0 36.3 282.27 251.5 923.0 1174.5 0.017285 8.3571
52.0 37.3 283.50 252.8 922.1 1174.9 0.017296 8.2061
53.0 38.3 284.71 254.0 921.2 1175.2 0.017307 8.0606
54.0 39.3 285.90 255.2 920.4 1175.6 0.017319 7.9203
55.0 40.3 287.08 256.4 919.5 1175.9 0.017329 7.7850
56.0 41.3 288.24 257.6 918.7 1176.3 0.017340 7.6543
57.0 42.3 289.38 258.8 917.8 1176.6 0.017351 7.528O
58.O 43.3 290.50 259.9 917.0 1177.0 0.017362 7.4059
59.0 44.3 291.62 261.1 916.2 1177.3 0.017372 7.2879
(Continued)
 APPENDIX A/691

Table A.8 (Continued)

Pressure (psi) Temperature Heat of Latent heat Total heat Specific volume
(~ the liquid of evaporation of steam
Absolute Gage (Btu/lb) (Btu/lb) (Btu/lb) Water Steam
fft3/lb) (ft3/lb)

60.0 45.3 292.71 262.2 915.4 1177.6 0.017383 7.1736

61.0 46.3 293.79 263.3 914.6 1177.9 0.017393 7.0630
62.0 47.3 294.86 264.4 913.8 1178.2 0.017403 6.9558
63.0 48.3 295.91 265.5 913.0 1178.6 0.017413 6.8519
64.0 49.3 296.95 266.6 912.3 1178.9 0.017423 6.7511
65.0 50.3 297.98 267.6 911.5 1179.1 0.017433 6.6533
66.0 51.3 298.99 268.7 910.8 1179.4 0.017443 6.5584
67.0 52.3 299.99 269.7 910.0 1179.7 0.017453 6.4662
68.0 53.3 300.99 270.7 909.3 1180.0 0.017463 6.3767
69.0 54.3 301.96 271.7 908.5 1180.3 0.017472 6.2896
70.0 55.3 302.93 272.7 907.8 1180.6 0.017482 6.2050
71.0 56.3 303.89 273.7 907.1 1180.8 0.017491 6.1226
72.0 57.3 304.83 274.7 906.4 1181.1 0.017501 6.0425
73.0 58.3 305.77 275.7 905.7 1181.4 0.017510 5.9645
74.0 59.3 306.69 276.6 905.0 1181.6 0.017519 5.8885
75.0 60.3 307.61 277.6 904.3 1181.9 0.017529 5.8144
76.0 61.3 308.51 278.5 903.6 1182.1 0.017538 5.7423
77.0 62.3 309.41 279.4 902.9 1182.4 0.017547 5.6720
78.0 63.3 310.29 280.3 902.3 1182.6 0.017556 5.6034
79.0 64.3 311.17 281.3 901.6 1182.8 0.017565 5.5364
80.0 65.3 312.04 282.1 900.9 1183.1 0.017573 5.4711
81.0 66.3 312.90 283.0 900.3 1183.3 0.017582 5.4074
82.0 67.3 313.75 283.9 899.6 1183.5 0.017591 5.3451
83.0 68.3 314.60 284.8 899.0 1183.8 0.017600 5.2843
84.0 69.3 315.43 285.7 898.3 1184.0 0.017608 5.2249
85.0 70.3 316.26 286.5 897.7 1184.2 0.017617 5.1669
86.0 71.3 317.08 287.4 897.0 1184.4 0.017625 5.1101
87.0 72.3 317.89 288.2 896.4 1184.6 0.017634 5.0546
88.0 73.3 318.69 289.0 895.8 1184.8 0.017642 5.0004
89.0 74.3 319.49 289.9 895.2 1185.0 0.017651 4.9473
90.0 75.3 320.28 290.7 894.6 1185.3 0.017659 4.8953
91.0 76.3 321.06 291.5 893.9 1185.5 0.017667 4.8445
92.0 77.3 321.84 292.3 893.3 1185.7 0.017675 4.7947
93.0 78.3 322.61 293.1 892.7 1185.9 0.017684 4.7459
94.0 79.3 323.37 293.9 892.1 1186.0 0.017692 4.6982
95.0 80.3 324.13 294.7 891.5 1186.2 0.017700 4.6514
96.0 81.3 324.88 295.5 891.0 1186.4 0.017708 4.6055
97.0 82.3 325.63 296.3 890.4 1186.6 0.017716 4.5606
98.0 83.3 326.36 297.0 889.8 1186.8 0.017724 4.5166
99.0 84.3 327.10 297.8 889.2 1187.0 0.017732 4.4734
100.0 85.3 327.82 298.5 888.6 1187.2 0.017740 4.4310
101.0 86.3 328.54 299.3 888.1 1187.3 0.01775 4.3895
102.0 87.3 329.26 300.0 887.5 1187.5 0.01776 4.3487
103.0 88.3 329.97 300.8 886.9 1187.7 0.01776 4.3087
104.0 89.3 330.67 301.5 886.4 1187.9 0.01777 4.2695
(Continued)
A/692 APPENDIX

Table A.8 (Continued)

Pressure (psi) Temperature Heat of Latent heat Total heat Specific volume
(~ the liquid of evaporation of steam
Absolute Gage (Btu/lb) (Btu/lb) (Btu/lb) Water Steam
(ft3/lb) (ff3/lb)

105.0 90.3 331.37 302.2 885.8 1188.0 0.01778 4.2309

106.0 91.3 332.06 303.0 885.2 1188.2 0.01779 4.1931
107.0 92.3 332.75 303.7 884.7 1188.4 0.01779 4.1560
108.0 93.3 333.44 304.4 884.1 1188.5 0.01780 4.1195
109.0 94.3 334.11 305.1 883.6 1188.7 0.01781 4.0837
110.0 95.3 334.79 305.8 883.1 1188.9 0.01782 4.0484
111.0 96.3 335.46 306.5 882.5 1189.0 0.01782 4.0138
112.0 97.3 336.12 307.2 882.0 1189.2 0.01783 3.9798
113.0 98.3 336.78 307.9 881.4 1189.3 0.01784 3.9464
114.0 99.3 337.43 308.6 880.9 1189.5 0.01785 3.9136
115.0 100.3 338.08 309.3 880.4 1189.6 0.01785 3.8813
116.0 101.3 338.73 309.9 879.9 1189.8 0.01786 3.8495
117.0 102.3 339.37 310.6 879.3 1189.9 0.01787 3.8183
118.0 103.3 340.01 311.3 878.8 1190.1 0.01787 3.7875
119.0 104.3 340.64 311.9 878.3 1190.2 0.01788 3.7573
120.0 105.3 341.27 312.6 877.8 1190.4 0.01789 3.7275
121.0 106.3 341.89 313.2 877.3 1190.5 0.01790 3.6983
122.0 107.3 342.51 313.9 876.8 1190.7 0.01790 3.6695
123.0 108.3 343.13 314.5 876.3 1190.8 0.01791 3.6411
124.0 109.3 343.74 315.2 875.8 1190.9 0.01792 3.6132
125.0 110.3 344.35 315.8 875.3 1191.1 0.01792 3.5857
126.0 111.3 344.95 316.4 874.8 1191.2 0.01793 3.5586
127.0 112.3 345.55 317.1 874.3 1191.3 0.01794 3.5320
128.0 113.3 346.15 317.7 873.8 1191.5 0.01794 3.5057
129.0 114.3 346.74 318.3 873.3 1191.6 0.01795 3.4799
130.0 115.3 347.33 319.0 872.8 1191.7 0.01796 3.4544
131.0 116.3 347.92 319.6 872.3 1191.9 0.01797 3.4293
132.0 117.3 348.50 320.2 871.8 1192.0 0.01797 3.4046
133.0 118.3 349.08 320.8 871.3 1192.1 0.01798 3.3802
134.0 119.3 349.65 321.4 870.8 1192.2 0.01799 3.3562
135.0 120.3 350.23 322.0 870.4 1192.4 0.01799 3.3325
136.0 121.3 350.79 322.6 869.9 1192.5 0.01800 3.3091
137.0 122.3 351.36 323.2 869.4 1192.6 0.01801 3.2861
138.0 123.3 351.92 323.8 868.9 1192.7 0.01801 3.2634
139.0 124.3 352.48 324.4 868.5 1192.8 0.01802 3.2411
140.0 125.3 353.04 325.0 868.0 1193.0 0.01803 3.2190
141.0 126.3 353.59 325.5 867.5 1193.1 0.01803 3.1972
142.0 127.3 354.14 326.1 867.1 1193.2 0.01804 3.1757
143.0 128.3 354.69 326.7 866.6 1193.3 0.01805 3.1546
144.0 129.3 355.23 327.3 866.2 1193.4 0.01805 3.1337
145.0 130.3 355.77 327.8 865.7 1193.5 0.01806 3.1130
146.0 131.3 356.31 328.4 865.2 1193.6 0.01806 3.0927
147.0 132.3 356.84 329.0 864.8 1193.8 0.01807 3.0726
148.0 133.3 357.38 329.5 864.3 1193.9 0.01808 3.0528
149.0 134.3 357.91 330.1 863.9 1194.0 0.01808 3.0332
(Continued)
 APPENDIX A/693

Table A.8 (Continued)

Pressure (psi) Temperature Heat of Latent heat Total heat Specific volume
(~ the liquid of evaporation of steam
Absolute Gage (Btu/lb) (Btu/lb) (Btu/lb) Water Steam
(ft3/lb) (ft3/lb)

150.0 135.3 358.43 330.6 863.4 1194.1 0.01809 3.0139

152.0 137.3 359.48 331.8 862.5 1194.3 0.01810 2.9760
154.0 139.3 360.51 332.8 861.6 1194.5 0.01812 2.9391
156.0 141.3 361.53 333.9 860.8 1194.7 0.01813 2.9031
158.0 143.3 362.55 335.0 859.9 1194.9 0.01814 2.8679
160.0 145.3 363.55 336.1 859.0 1195.1 0.01815 2.8336
162.0 147.3 364.54 337.1 858.2 1195.3 0.01817 2.8001
164.0 149.3 365.53 338.2 857.3 1195.5 0.01818 2.7674
166.0 151.3 366.50 339.2 856.5 1195.7 0.01819 2.7355
168.0 153.3 367.47 340.2 855.6 1195.8 0.01820 2.7043
170.0 155.3 368.42 341.2 854.8 1196.0 0.01821 2.6738
172.0 157.3 369.37 342.2 853.9 1196.2 0.01823 2.6440
174.0 159.3 370.31 343.2 853.1 1196.4 0.01824 2.6149
176.0 161.3 371.24 344.2 852.3 1196.5 0.01825 2.5864
178.0 163.3 372.16 345.2 851.5 1196.7 0.01826 2.5585
180.0 165.3 373.08 346.2 850.7 1196.9 0.01827 2.5312
182.0 167.3 373.98 347.2 849.9 1197.0 0.01828 2.5045
184.0 169.3 374.88 348.1 849.1 1197.2 0.01830 2.4783
186.0 171.3 375.77 349.1 848.3 1197.3 0.01831 2.4527
188.0 173.3 376.65 35O.O 847.5 1197.5 0.01832 2.4276
190.0 175.3 377.53 350.9 846.7 1197.6 0.01833 2.4030
192.0 177.3 378.40 351.9 845.9 1197.8 0.01834 2.3790
194.0 179.3 379.26 352.8 845.1 1197.9 0.01835 2.3554
196.0 181.3 380.12 353.7 844.4 1198.1 0.01836 2.3322
198.0 183.3 380.96 354.6 843.6 1198.2 0.01838 2.3095
200.0 185.3 381.80 355.5 842.8 1198.3 0.01839 2.28728
205.0 190.3 383.88 .357.7 840.9 1198.7 0.01841 2.23349
210.0 195.3 385.91 359.9 839.1 1199.0 0.01844 2.18217
215.0 200.3 387.91 362.1 837.2 1199.3 0.01847 2.13315
220.0 205.3 389.88 364.2 835.4 1199.6 0.01850 2.08629
225.0 210.3 391.80 366.2 833.6 1199.9 0.01852 2.04143
230.0 215.3 393.70 368.3 831.8 1200.1 0.01855 1.99846
235.0 220.3 395.56 370.3 830.1 1200.4 0.01857 1.95725
240.0 225.3 397.39 372.3 828.4 1200.6 0.01860 1.91769
245.0 230.3 399.19 374.2 826.6 1200.9 0.01863 1.87970
250.0 235.3 400.97 376.1 825.0 1201.1 0.01865 1.84317
255.0 240.3 402.72 378.0 823.3 1201.3 0.01868 1.80802
260.0 245.3 404.44 379.9 821.6 1201.5 0.01870 1.77418
265.9 250.3 406.13 381.7 820.0 1201.7 0.01873 1.74157
270.0 255.3 407.80 383.6 818.3 1201.9 0.01875 1.71013
275.0 260.3 409.45 385.4 816.7 1202.1 0.01878 1.67978
280.0 265.3 411.07 387.1 815.1 1202.3 0.01880 1.65049
285.0 270.3 412.67 388.9 813.6 1202.4 0.01882 1.62218
290.0 275.3 414.25 390.6 812.0 1202.6 0.01885 1.59482
295.0 280.3 415.81 392.3 810.4 1202.7 0.01887 1.56835
(Continued)
A/694 APPENDIX

Table A.8 (Continued)

Pressure (psi) Temperature Heat of Latent heat Total heat Specific volume
(~ the liquid of evaporation of steam
Absolute Gage (Btu/lb) (Btu/lb) (Btu/lb) Water Steam
(ft3/lb) (ft3/lb)

300.0 285.3 417.35 394.0 808.9 1202.9 0.01889 1.54274

320.0 305.3 423.31 400.5 802.9 1203.4 0.01899 1.44801
340.0 325.3 428.99 406.8 797.0 1203.8 0.01908 1.36405
360.0 345.3 434.41 412.8 791.3 1204.1 0.01917 1.28910
380.0 365.3 439.61 418.6 785.8 1204.4 0.01925 1.22177
400.0 385.3 444.60 424.2 780.4 1204.6 0.01934 1.16095
420.0 405.3 449.40 429.6 775.2 1204.7 0.01942 1.10573
440.0 425.3 454.03 434.8 770.0 1204.8 0.01950 1.05535
460.0 445.3 458.50 439.8 765.0 1204.8 0.01959 1.00921
480.0 465.3 462.82 444.7 760.0 1204.8 0.01967 0.96677
500.0 485.3 467.01 449.5 755.1 1204.7 0.01975 0.92762
520.0 505.3 471.07 454.2 750.4 1204.5 0.01982 0.89137
540.0 525.3 475.01 458.7 745.7 1204.4 0.01990 0.85771
560.0 545.3 478.84 463.1 741.0 1204.2 0.01998 0.82637
580.0 565.3 482.57 467.5 736.5 1203.9 0.02006 0.79712
600.0 585.3 486.20 471.7 732.0 1203.7 0.02013 0.76975
620.0 605.3 489.74 475.8 727.5 1203.4 0.02021 0.74408
640.0 625.3 493.19 479.9 723.1 1203.0 0.02028 0.71995
660.0 645.3 496.57 483.9 718.8 1202.7 0.02036 0.69724
680.0 665.3 499.86 487.8 714.5 1202.3 0.02043 0.67581
700.0 685.3 503.08 491.6 710.2 1201.8 0.02050 0.65556
720.0 705.3 506.23 495.4 706.0 1201.4 0.02058 0.63639
740.0 725.3 509.32 499.1 701.9 1200.9 0.02065 0.61822
760.0 745.3 512.34 502.7 697.7 1200.4 0.02072 0.60097
780.0 765.3 515.30 506.3 693.6 1199.9 0.02080 0.58457
800.0 785.3 518.21 5O9.8 689.6 1199.4 0.02087 0.56896
820.0 805.3 521.06 513.3 685.5 1198.8 0.02094 0.55408
840.0 825.3 523.86 516.7 681.5 1198.2 0.02101 0.53988
860.0 845.3 526.60 520.1 677.6 1197.7 0.02109 0.52631
880.0 865.3 529.30 523.4 673.6 1197.0 0.02116 0.51333
900.0 885.3 531.95 526.7 669.7 1196.4 0.02123 0.50091
920.0 905.3 534.56 530.0 665.8 1195.7 0.02130 0.48901
940.0 925.3 537.13 533.2 661.9 1195.1 0.02137 0.47759
960.0 945.3 539.65 536.3 658.0 1194.4 0.02145 0.46662
980.0 965.3 542.14 539.5 654.2 1193.7 0.02152 0.45609
1000.0 985.3 544.58 542.6 650.4 1192.9 0.02159 0.44596
1050.0 1035.3 550.53 550.1 640.9 1191.0 0.02177 0.42224
1100.0 1085.3 556.28 557.5 631.5 1189.1 0.02195 0.40058
1150.0 1135.3 561.82 564.8 622.2 1187.0 0.02214 0.38073
1200.0 1185.3 567.19 571.9 613.0 1184.8 0.02232 0.36245
1250.0 1235.3 572.38 578.8 603.8 1182.6 0.02250 0.34556
1300.0 1285.3 577.42 585.6 594.6 1180.2 0.02269 0.32991
1350.0 1335.3 582.32 592.2 585.6 1177.8 0.02288 0.31536
1400.0 1385.3 587.07 598.8 567.5 1175.3 0.02307 0.30178
1450.0 1435.3 591.70 605.3 567.6 1172.9 0.02327 0.28909
(Continued)
 APPENDIX A/695

Table A.8 (Continued)

Pressure (psi) Temperature Heat of Latent heat Total heat Specific volume
(~ the liquid of evaporation of steam
Absolute Gage (Btu/lb) (Btu/lb) (Btu/lb) Water Steam
(ft3/lb) (ft3/lb)

1500.0 1485.3 596.20 611.7 558.4 1170.1 0.02346 0.27719

1600.0 1585.3 604.87 624.2 540.3 1164.5 0.02387 0.25545
1700.0 1685.3 613.13 636.5 522.2 1158.6 0.02428 0.23607
1800.0 1785.3 621.02 648.5 503.8 1152.3 0.02472 0.21861
1900.0 1885.3 628.56 660.4 485.2 1145.6 0.02517 0.20278
2000.0 1985.3 635.80 672.1 466.2 1138.3 0.02565 0.18831
2100.0 2085.3 642.76 683.8 446.7 1130.5 0.02615 0.17501
2200.0 2185.3 649.45 695.5 426.7 1122.2 0.02669 0.16272
2300.0 2285.3 655.89 707.2 406.0 1113.2 0.02727 0.15133
2400.0 2385.3 662.11 719.0 384.8 1103.7 0.02790 0.14076
2500.0 2485.3 668.11 731.7 361.6 1093.3 0.02859 0.13068
2600.0 2585.3 673.91 744.5 337.6 1082.0 0.02938 0.12110
2700.0 2685.3 679.53 757.3 312.3 1069.7 0.03029 0.11194
2800.0 2785.3 684.96 770.7 285.1 1055.8 0.03134 0.10305
2900.0 2885.3 690.22 785.1 254.7 1039.8 0.03262 0.09420
3000.0 2985.3 695.33 801.8 218.4 1020.3 0.03428 0.08500
3100.0 3085.3 700.28 824.0 169.3 993.3 0.03681 0.07452
3200.0 3185.3 705.08 875.5 56.1 931.6 0.04472 0.05663
3208.2 3193.5 705.47 906.0 0.0 906.0 0.05078 0.05078
Source: Ref. [7].
B/718 APPENDIX

Table B. 1 Dimensions of Heat Exchanger and Condenser Tubing

(b) Tubing Dimensions
Tube OD BWG Tube ID a Internal area b External surface per OD
(in.) (in.) (in. 2) foot length c (ftz/ft) ID
1/2 16 0.370 0.1075 0.1309 1.351
18 0.402 0.1269 0.1309 1.244
20 0.430 0.1452 0.1309 1.163
22 0.444 0.1548 0.1309 1.126

5/8 12 0.407 0.1301 0.1636 1.536

13 0.435 0.1486 0.1636 1.437
14 0.459 0.1655 0.1636 1.362
15 0.481 0.1817 0.1636 1.299
16 0.495 0.1924 0.1636 1.263
17 0.509 0.2035 0.1636 1.228
18 0.527 0.2181 0.1636 1.186
19 0.541 0.2299 0.1636 1.155
20 0.555 0.2419 0.1636 1.126

3/4 10 0.482 0.1825 0.1963 1.556

11 0.510 0.2043 0.1963 1.471
12 0.532 0.2223 0.1963 1.410
13 0.560 0.2463 0.1963 1.339
14 0.584 0.2679 0.1963 1.284
15 0.606 0.2884 0.1963 1.238
16 0.620 0.3019 0.1963 1.210
17 0.634 0.3157 0.1963 1.183
18 0.652 0.3339 0.1963 1.150
20 0.680 0.3632 0.1963 1.103

7/8 10 0.607 0.2894 0.2291 1.442

11 0.635 0.3167 0.2291 1.378
12 0.657 0.3390 0.2291 1.332
13 0.685 0.3685 0.2291 1.277
14 0.709 0.3948 0.2291 1.234
15 0.731 0.4197 0.2291 1.197
16 0.745 0.4359 0.2291 1.174
17 0.759 0.4525 0.2291 1.153
18 0.777 0.4742 0.2291 1.126
20 0.805 0.5090 0.2291 1.087

1.0 8 0.670 0.3526 0.2618 1.493

10 0.732 0.4208 0.2618 1.366
11 0.760 0.4536 0.2618 1.316
12 0.782 0.4803 0.2618 1.279
13 0.810 0.5153 0.2618 1.235
14 0.834 0.5463 0.2618 1.199
15 0.856 0.5755 0.2618 1.168
16 0.870 0.5945 0.2618 1.149
18 0.902 0.6390 0.2618 1.109
20 0.930 0.6793 0.2618 1.075
(Continued)
 APPENDIX B/719

Table B.1 (Continued)

Tube OD BWG T u b e ID a Internal area b External surface per OD
(in.) (in.) (in?) foot length c (ft2/ft) ID
1.25 7 0.890 0.6221 0.3272 1.404
8 0.920 0.6648 0.3272 1.359
10 0.982 0.7574 0.3272 1.273
11 1.010 0.8012 0.3272 1.238
12 1.032 0.8365 0.3272 1.211
13 1.060 0.8825 0.3272 1.179
14 1.084 0.9229 0.3272 1.153
16 1.120 0.9852 0.3272 1.116
18 1.152 1.0423 0.3272 1.085
20 1.180 1.0936 0.3272 1.059
1.5 10 1.232 1.1921 0.3927 1.218
12 1.282 1.2908 0.3927 1.170
14 1.334 1.3977 0.3927 1.124
16 1.370 1.4741 0.3927 1.095
2.0 11 1.760 2.4328 0.5236 1.136
12 1.782 2.4941 0.5236 1.122
13 1.810 2.5730 0.5236 1.105
14 1.834 2.6417 0.5236 1.091
aiD = O D - 2 x wall thickness from part (a) of table
bInternal area = (n/4)(ID) 2
CExternal surface per foot length - n (OD/12)
 D E S I G N OF D O U B L E - P I P E HEAT E X C H A N G E R S 4/129

This equation can be written in terms of the mass flux, G, and the specific gravity, s, of the fluid
by making the substitutions V = G/p and p :SPwater to give:

f LG 2
APf - 2gc PwaterDis (4.3)

The specific gravity of liquids is usually referenced to water at 4~ which has a density
of 62.43 lbm/ft 3. (The petroleum industry uses a reference temperature of 60~ at which
Pwater : 62.37 lbm/ft3; the difference in reference densities is insignificant in the present context.)
Also, in English units,

cp ke lbm/ft.h dikali
gc - 32.174 Ibm- ft/_,s2 = 4.16975 • 108 Ibm. r
lbf lbf
2 2.419

With these numerical values, Equation (4.3) becomes:

f LG 2
APf- 5.206 • 101~ s (4.4)

When L and Di are expressed in ft and G in lbm/[Link] 2, the units of APf are lbf/ft 2.
A minor modification is made to this basic hydraulic equation by dividing the right side by 1440,
where

q~ = ( # / # w ) 0.14 for turbulent flow

r = ( a / a w ) 025 for laminar flow

The viscosity correction factor accounts for the effect of variable fluid properties on the friction
factor in non-isothermal flow, while the factor of 144 converts the pressure drop from lbffft 2 to psi.
With this modification, Equation (4.4) becomes:

f LG 2
APf - (4.5)
7.50 • 1012DisO

where
APf cx psi
L, Di a f t
G cx lbm/h, ft 2
s , f , O are dimensionless

See Appendix 4.A for the corresponding equation in terms of SI units. Equation (4.5) is also appli-
cable to flow in the annulus of a double-pipe exchanger if the pipe diameter, Di, is replaced by the
equivalent diameter, De.
The friction factor to be used with Equation (4.5) can be computed as follows. For laminar flow in
the inner pipe,
f = 64~Re (4.6)
For laminar flow in the annulus,

f = Re 1 + K2 + ( 1 - K2)/lnK (4.7)
Kettle Reboiler Design: Diameter Shell (3)