Ecole Militaire Polytechnique
Exercice 1:
Solution:
hi=10 W/m2 K
Hypotheses :
(1) Conditions stationnaires, (2) Transfert de chaleur unidimensionnel,
¿
(2) Flux de chauffage uniforme, q h , (4) Propriétés constantes,
(5) Effets de rayonnement négligeables, (6) Résistance du film négligeable.
a) Puissance de chauffe par unité de surface nécessaire pour maintenir la température souhaitée
From an energy balance at the inner surface and the thermal circuit, it follows that for a
unit surface area,
For Glass at T= 300K, (Table), k = 1.4 W/m⋅K
Le graphe montre la puissance électrique nécessaire au chauffage en fonction de la température de l'air
extérieur pour différents coefficients de convection extérieure. Lorsque h o = 2 W/m2⋅K, le chauffage
n'est pas nécessaire, puisque le verre est maintenu à 15°C par l'air intérieur. Si h ~ V n, nous concluons
que, avec des vitesses de véhicule plus élevées, la convection extérieure augmentera, nécessitant une
puissance de chauffage accrue pour maintenir la condition de 15°C.
With q′′h = 0, the inner surface temperature with T∞,o = -10 C would be given by
Exercice 2:
Solution :
Le gain thermique par unité de surface
Hypothèses :
(1) Conditions stationnaires, (2) Transfert de chaleur unidimensionnel,
(3) Propriétés constantes, (4) Effets de rayonnement négligeables
(5) Résistance de contact négligeable
From the thermal circuit, the heat gain per unit surface area is
} =14.1 W/ {m} ^ {2¿
q
Exercice 3:
Hypothèses :
1) Steady-state conditions, (2) One-dimensional conduction in wall, (3) Thermal
resistance of metal sheets negligible.
(a) Thermal circuit representing wall and processes
(b) Insulation thickness required to maintain outer wall surface at T o = 40C.
Perform energy balances on the i- and o- nodes finding
1) The temperature at the inner surface can be found from an energy balance on the i-node using
the value found for L.
Cylindrique :
Exercice 4:
Hypothèses :
(1) Steady-state conditions, (2) One-dimensional, radial conduction through the
hollow cylinder, (3) The enclosure surfaces experience free convection and radiation
exchange.
a)
Enclosure, radiation exchange (given):
Enclosure, free convection:
Ceramic cylinder, conduction:
The thermal resistance between the enclosure surfaces (r-i) due to convection and radiation
exchange is:
The total resistance between the rod surface (r) and the outer surface of the cylinder (o) is:
a) From an energy balance on the rod (see schematic) find Tr.
Exercice 5:
SCHEMATIC:
ASSUMPTIONS: (1) One-dimensional, steady-state conduction, (2) Uniform heat generation, (3)
Constant k.
Exercice 6:
Solution :
ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state conditions, (2) One-dimensional (x) conduction along
absorber plate, (3) Uniform radiation absorption at plate surface, (4) Negligible losses by
conduction through insulation, (5) Negligible losses by convection at absorber plate surface,
(6) Temperature of absorber plate at x = 0 is approximately that of the water.
Aluminum alloy (2024-T6): k ≈180 W/m⋅K.
The absorber plate acts as an extended surface (a conduction-radiation system), For a unit
length of tube :
it follows that,
Integrating twice it follows that, the general solution for the temperature distribution has the
form,
The boundary conditions are:
Hence,
The maximum absorber plate temperature, which is at x = L/2, is therefore
The rate of energy collection per tube may be obtained by applying Fourier’s law at x = 0.
That is, energy is transferred to the tubes via conduction through the absorber plate. Hence,
where the factor of two arises due to heat transfer from both sides of the tube. Hence,
Exercice 7:
NOWN: Dimensions and surface conditions of a plate thermally joined at its ends to heat sinks at
different temperatures.
FIND: (a) Differential equation, which determines temperature distribution in plate, (b) Temperature
distribution and an expression for the heat rate from the plate to the sinks, and (c) Compute and plot
temperature distribution and heat rates corresponding to changes in different parameters.
Exercice 8:
Solution :
KNOWN: Dimensions and end temperatures of pin fins.
FIND: (a) Heat transfer by convection from a single fin and (b) Total heat transfer from a 1
m2 surface with fins mounted on 4mm centers.
Exercice 9:
Solution:
KNOWN: Arrangement of fins between parallel plates. Temperature and convection coefficient of
air flow in finned passages. Maximum allowable plate temperatures.
FIND: (a) Expressions relating fin heat transfer rates to end temperatures, (b) Maximum power
dissipation for each plate.
SCHEMATIC:
ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state conditions, (2) One-dimensional conduction in fins, (3) Constant
properties, (4) Negligible radiation, (5) All of the heat is dissipated to the air, (6) Uniform h, (7)
Negligible variation in T∞, (8) Negligible contact resistance.
Exercice 10:
Solution:
KNOWN: Conditions associated with an array of straight rectangular fins.
FIND: Thermal resistance of the array.
SCHEMATIC:
ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Constant properties, (2) Uniform convection coefficient, (3) Symmetry about
midplane.
ANALYSIS: (a) Considering a one-half section of the array, the corresponding resistance is
COMMENTS: Clearly, the thermal performance of the fin array improves (R t,o decreases) with
increasing N. Because ηf ≈1 for the entire range of conditions, there is a slight degradation in
performance (Rt,o increases) with increasing t and fixed N. The reduced performance is associated
with the reduction in surface area of the exposed base. Note that the overall thermal resistance for the
entire fin array (top and bottom) is Rt,o/2 = 1.22 10-2 K/W.
