REPUBLIQUE ALGERIENNE DEMOCRATIQUE ET POPULAIRE

MINISTERE DE LA FORMATION ET DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT PROFESSIONNELS

INSTITUT DE FORMATION ET DE L’ENSEIGNEMENT PROFESSIONNELS

SENHADRI ABDELHAFID

SIDI BEL ABBES

MANUEL TECHNIQUE ET
PEDAGOGIQUE DU STAGIAIRE

ANGLAIS TECHNIQUE

CONCUS PAR :

Maintenance des équipements informatiques

Code N° ELE1212 NIVEAU IV

CONÇU PAR :

BEDJAOUI FADIA DECEMBRE 2017

Equipe de production
Conception et rédaction

Mme BEDJAOUI FADIA

Professeur spécialisé de la formation et de l’enseignement professionnel (P.S.E.P.1)

en anglais IFEP Sidi Bel Abbes.

Remerciements

La conceptrice remercie toutes les personnes qui ont contribué, de près ou de loin à
la conception et à la réalisation de ce manuel technico pédagogique pour stagiaire
(M.T.P.S) jusqu’à son édition finale.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………….……..4
PREFACE……………………………………………………….......................7

CHAPTER 1 :VOCABULARY AND EXPRESSIONS(General review of grammar)

1.1 PRESENT SIMPLE & PROGRESSIVE …………………………………………13

1.1.1 DEFINITION………………………………………………………..13
1.1.2 USE…………………………………………………………………..16
1.1.3 PRACTISE…………………………………………………………..19

1.2 PAST SIMPLE & PROGRESSIVE………………………………………...20

1.2.1 DEFINITION……………………………………………………….20
1.2.2 USE………………………………………………………………….20
1.2.3 PRACTISE………………………………………………………….23

1.3 PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE ……………………………………………24

1.3.1 DEFINITION………………………………………………………...24
1.3.2 USE…………………………………………………………………...25
1.3.3 PRACTISE…………………………………………………………...25

1.4 PAST PERFECT……………………………………………………………...26

1.4.1 DEFINITION………………………………………………………...26
1.4.2 USE…………………………………………………………………...26
1.4.3 PRACTISE…………………………………………………………...28

1.5 THE FUTURE…………………………………………………………………..29

1.5.1 DEFINITION………………………………………………………...29
1.5.2 USE…………………………………………………………………...30
1.5.3 PRACTISE…………………………………………………………...31

1.6 PASSIVE VOICE ………………………………………………………………32

1.6.1 DEFINITION………………………………………………………...32
1.6.2 FORM………………………………………………………………...33
1.6.3 PRACTISE…………………………………………………………...35

1.7 CONDITIONNALS ……………………………………………………………36

1.7.1 DEFINITION………………………………………………………...36
1.7.2 USE…………………………………………………………………...37
1.7.3 PRACTISE…………………………………………………………...38

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 1.8 MODALS………………………………………………………………………39

1.8.1 DEFINITION……………………………………………………….39
1.8.2 USE………………………………………………………………….39
1.8.3 PRACTISE………………………………………………………….41

1.9 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE……………………………………43

1.9.1 DEFINITION……………………………………………………….43
1.9.2 USE…………………………………………………………………..43
1.9.3 PRACTISE………………………………………………………….46

1.10
SUMMARY…………………………………………………………………..47

1.11 GENERAL
ACTIVITY……………………………………………………..47

CHAPTER 2  : STUDY AND TRANSLATION OF TECHNICAL TEXT…………48

2.1 STUDY OF TECHNICAL TEXT…………………………………………………..48

2.1.1 Lesson1: Computer Parts…………………………………..48

2.1.1.1 Vocabulary …………………………………………..48

2.1.1.2 Reading ……………………………………………….50

2.1.1.3 Practice ……………………………………………….51

2.2.2 Lesson2:Using Computers…………………………………………………..53

2.2.2.1 Vocabulary ………………………………………….53

2.2.2.2 Reading ……………………………………………..53

2.2.2.3 Practise …………………………………………….54

2.2.3 Lesson3: TheWorldWide……………………………………….55

2.2.3.1 Vocabulary ………………………………………..55

2.2.3.2 Reading ……………………………………………56

2.2.3.3 Practise …………………………………………...57

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2.2 TRANSLATION OF TECHNICAL TEXT ………………………………………………..59

2.3 SUMMARY  …………………………………………………………………………………60

2.4 GENERAL ACTIVITY ……………………………………………………………………..60

 LIST OF USUAL IRREGULAR VERBES……………………………………….64

 GLOSSARY………………………………………………………………...………74

 ENGLISH/FRENCH……………………………………………………………….74

 BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………..75

 KEYS………………………………………………………………………………...76

 WARNNING SYMBOLS…………………………………………………………..90

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 PREFACE

The aim of this manual is to make it a useful learning tool for the trainees at

the vocational Institutes studying English as a foreign language .

It is planned so that the trainees can follow a set pattern in the book .

This manual consists of two main parts :

The first part is Grammar, the second one is to study and translate technical texts using
technical vocabulary related to the speciality.

The grammar section emphasizes various grammar rules that the trainnee will need in learning
English language.
The trainees are then given a reading section where they can read about something related to the
theme . The vocabulary preview section mainly concentrates on the words used in the theme so as
to help the trainees be familiar with the language.

Practise activities also present the trainees with the opportunity to practice their speaking
skills with their trainers as well as with each other. The Audio Tape/CD
The tape/CD that accompanies the courses consists of English spoken from the British accent.
Trainer and trainees will follow the instructions from the trainee book and the tape carefully.

This Manual has the following goals:

1- To help trainees understand and manipulate some of the fundamental English grammar
rules.
2- To teach trainees how to use productively and receptively some English high frequency
vocabulary and social expressions.
3- To help trainees acquire a basic ability of listening comprehension to English sounds,
words, and simple sentences. To improve trainees’ hand-writing in English.
4- To enable trainees to read and write English simple sentences.

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 5- To improve trainees’ hand-writing in English.
6- To enable trainees to read and write English simple sentences.

I. STRUCTURE DU PROGRAMME D'ETUDES.

Spécialité: Maintenance des équipements informatiques.

Durée de la formation: 2448h

Désignation des modules

Code Durée (heures)

MQ1 Assemblage d'un ordinateur. 119

MQ2 Installation logicielle d'un ordinateur. 119

MQ3 Entretien d'un ordinateur et ses périphériques. 119

MQ4 Réparation d'un ordinateur et ses périphériques. 119

MQ5 Analyse des circuits électroniques simples. 119

MQ6 Analyse des circuits numériques simples. 119

MQ7 Microprocesseurs et Microcontrôleurs 119

MQ8 Mesures électriques et électroniques. 119

MQ9 Installation d'un réseau informatique. 111

MC1 Mathématiques. 119

MC2 Electricité. 119

MC3 Electrotechnique. 102

MC4 Hygiène et sécurité. 68

MC5 Technique d'expression. 119

MC6 Anglais technique. 119

MC7 Logiciels. 119

MC8 Technologie des composants électriques et électroniques 68

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MC9 Principes d'élaboration d'un rapport de stage. 60

MC10 Gestion et organisation des entreprises. 60

S.P.E Stage pratique en entreprise. 432

Total 2448

FICHE DE PRESENTATION DU MODULE

Module : Anglais technique.

Code du module : MC6

Durée : 119 heures

Objectif modulaire

Comportement attendu :

A l’issue de ce module, le stagiaire sera capable de lire et interpréter des textes d’anglais
technique,

Conditions d’évaluation :

A partir :
- Documentations
A l’aide :

- Data show.
- Supports audio- vidéo.

Critères généraux de performance :

- Traduction fidèle des termes et des textes,

- Compréhension intégrale du texte.

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9
 Critères particuliers
Objectifs intermédiaires. Eléments de contenu.
de performance.

Reconnaître le vocabulaire propre au domaine  Anglais de base.

électronique et informatique  Utilisation correcte de l’anglais.  Mise à niveau des connaissances
 Enseignement assisté par audio
. visuel.

Faire une étude de textes techniques sur les appareils  Maîtrise de l’étude de textes
techniques.  Etude de textes techniques sur
et les équipements.
les appareils et les équipements.

 Traduction de textes techniques

liés à l’informatique et à
l’électronique
- du français (ou de l'arabe) à
S’exprimer en langue anglaise et traduire des textes  Maîtrise de la technique d’expression l'anglais.
techniques.
et de traduction en langue anglaise
- De l'anglais au français (ou
à l'arabe).
 DONNEES GENERALES SUR LA PROFESSION

1.1 Présentation de la profession :

 Branche professionnelle : Electricité/Electronique/Energétique.

 Famille de métier :
 Dénomination de la profession : Maintenance des équipements informatiques.
 Définition de la profession :
Le technicien en maintenance des équipements informatiques doit être en mesure d'assurer toutes
les activités de maintenance de l'outil informatique. Il doit agir selon ses connaissances techniques
et scientifiques pour assurer le bon fonctionnement du matériel.

 Tâches principales :
Le technicien en maintenance des équipements informatiques est chargé de :

 Assembler un ordinateur.
 Installer les différents types de programmes.
 Entretenir un PC et ses périphériques standards.
 Réparer un PC et ses périphériques standards.
 Analyser les circuits électroniques simples.
 Analyser les circuits numériques simples.
 Utiliser les microprocesseurs et les microcontrôleurs.
 Utiliser les appareils de mesures électriques et électroniques.
 Installer un réseau informatique.

1.2 Conditions de travail 

 Lieu de travail : laboratoire, salle de cours.

 Eclairage : Très bon éclairage.
 Température :
- 25° C max
- Taux d'humidité < 25%.
 Bruits et vibrations : Environnement calme, sans vibration.
 Poussière : Pas de poussière.
 Risques professionnels :
- Allergies (poussière, produits chimiques)
- Risque d'électrocution.
- Brûlures.
 Contacts sociaux professionnels :
- Clientèle (dans le cas d’une activité privé)
- Hiérarchie.
- Fournisseurs.
1.3Exigences de la profession

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  Physiques :
- Bonne acuité visuelle.
 Intellectuelles :
 Esprit d'initiative, de synthèse et d'organisation.
 contre- indications
- Ne pas présenter un handicap moteur empêchant l’autonomie.
- Pas d'handicap visuel et auditif.
- Pas d'allergie à la poussière.

1.4 Responsabilité de l’opérateur 

Matérielle :

- Responsabilité sur l’état de l’équipement et l’outillage de travail.

- Responsabilité sur son lieu de travail.
 Décisionnelle :
Prise de décisions en ce qui concerne l’estimation du temps et du type de réalisation pour un travail
donnée.
 Morale :
Doit répondre aux besoins de ses supérieurs en matière de qualité et de délais
 Sécuritaire :
Respect des mesures hygiènes et de sécurité.
 Possibilités de promotion :
Accès aux postes supérieurs : selon le cadre réglementaire

 Formation :
o Condition d’admission :
2 années secondaires (branche scientifique, ou technique).

o Durée de formation :
24 mois dont 3 mois de stage en milieu professionnel.

 Niveau de qualification : Niveau 4

 Diplôme : Brevet de Technicien (BT)

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CHAPTER 1 :General review of grammar :

The grammar section emphasizes various grammar rules that the trainnee will need in
learning English language.

I.1 -PRESENT SIMPLE & PROGRESSIVE

1.1.1-Definition :

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

The simple present tense is one of several forms of present tense in English. It is used to describe habits,
unchanging situations, general truths, and fixed arrangements. The simple present tense is simple to
form. Just use the base form of the verb: (I take, you take, we take, they take) The 3rd person singular takes
an -s at the end. (he takes, she takes)

.THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE IS USED:

To express habits, general truths, repeated actions or unchanging situations, emotions and wishes:
I smoke (habit); I work in London (unchanging situation); London is a large city (general truth)

To give instructions or directions:

You walk for two hundred meters, then you turn left.

To express fixed arrangements, present or future:

Your exam starts at 09.00

To express future time, after some conjunctions: after, when, before, as soon as, until:
He'll give it to you when you come next Saturday.

EXAMPLES

 For habits,
He drinks tea at breakfast.
She only eats fish.
They watch television regularly.
 For repeated actions or events
We catch the bus every morning.
 It rains every afternoon in the hot season.
They drive to Monaco every summer.

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 For general truths
Water freezes at zero degrees.
The Earth revolves around the Sun.
Her mother is Peruvian.

 For instructions or directions

Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water.
You take the No.6 bus to Watney and then the No.10 to Bedford.
 For fixed arrangements
His mother arrives tomorrow.
Our holiday starts on the 26th March
 With future constructions
She'll see you before she leaves.
We'll give it to her when she arrives.

NOTES ON THE SIMPLE PRESENT, THIRD PERSON SINGULAR

 In the third person singular the verb always ends in -s:

he wants, she needs, he gives, she thinks.
 Negative and question forms use DOES (= the third person of the auxiliary 'DO') + the infinitive of
the verb.
He wants ice cream. Does he want strawberry? He does not want vanilla.
 Verbs ending in -y : the third person changes the -y to -ies:
fly --> flies, cry --> cries
Exception: if there is a vowel before the -y:
play --> plays, pray --> prays
 Add -es to verbs ending in:-ss, -x, -sh, -ch:
he passes, she catches, he fixes, it pushes

EXAMPLES

 He goes to school every morning.

 She understands English.
 It mixes the sand and the water.
 He tries very hard.
 She enjoys playing the piano.

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 IN GENERAL :

FIGURE 1

 Present Continuous

 The present continuous can be used to express different things, and in different circumstances:

 To refer to actions that are developing at the time of speaking.
 Go away, I am reading a book! (right now)
 We also use the present continuous to describe things that happen around the time we are talking.
 She is studying English. (not just now)
 We can use the present continuous to refer to actions that have taken place with some frequency.
 You are always working. (it happens frequently)
 When we speak of a future action that we know will be done. In this case we must mention the
time in which we will complete the action.
 I am going to Madrid next week.

1.1.2 Use

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 Simple Present Present Progressive/Continuous

- repeated actions

- fixed arrangements, scheduled - actions happening at the moment of speaking or around

events ( e.g. timetable) the moment of speaking

- sequence of actions in the present - fixed plan in the near future

(first - then, after that)
- temporary actionstrends
- instructions
 - repeated actions which are irritating to the speaker
- things in general (with always, constantly, forever)
-after special verbs

. Signal words

Simple Present Present Progressive/Continuous

Always

often
usually

sometimes Now

seldom at the moment

never Look!

every day Listen!

every week

every year

on Mondays

. Form

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 Simple Present Present Progressive/Continuous

infinitive → 3rd person singular (he, she, it): infinitive + -s to be (am, are, is) + infinitive + -ing

Examples

. Affirmative sentences

Simple Present Present Progressive

I play football. I am playing football.

You play football. You are playing football.

He plays football. He is playing football.

Negative sentences

Simple Present Present Progressive

I do not play football. I am not playing football.

You do not play football. You are not playing football.

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 Simple Present Present Progressive

He does not play football. He is not playing football.

Questions

Simple Present Present Progressive

Do I play football? Am I playing football?

Do you play football? Are you playing football?

Does he play football? Is he playing football?

Spelling

Simple Present Present Progressive/Continuous

watches (-es after sibilant) sitting (Double the consonant after a short vowel.)

goes (-es after -o) writing (Drop the -e.)

hurries (Change -y to -ie after consonant) lying (Change -ie to -y.)

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1.1.3 –practise :

Put in the verbs in brackets in Simple Present or Present Progressive.

1. Amina sometimes …………… comics. (to read)

2. We never ……………. TV in the morning. (to watch)
3. Listen! Ahmed ………….. in the bathroom. (to sing)
4. My sister usually ………….. in the kitchen. (to help)
5. My mother …………… breakfast now. (to make)
6. They often …………. the bathroom. (to clean)
7. Look! The boys …………… home. (to come)
8. Every day his grandfather …………………. for a walk. (to go)
9. I ………….. with my friend at the moment. (to chat)
10. Cats ……………….. mice. (to eat)

I.2 - SIMPLE PAST VS. PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE

1.2.1 Definition :

The simple past :

 talks about something that happened before. It happened and it finished. Some words are regular and just
have -ed added at the end like walked, helped, and played. Others are irregular and have many variations
like ate, began, and slept.

The past progressive :

19
  talks about something that was happening before, but for a period of time. It uses was or were + verb-
ing like was eating or were playing. It gives a background for something that was happening while a
different event happened.

Example: While I was eating, the telephone rang.

So, during the time I was eating (let's say from 6:30-7:00 p.m.) somebody called my house (let's say they
called at 6:49p.m.) One thing happened (simple past) during the period of time another thing was
happening (past progressive.)

1.2.2 Use

Simple Past Past Progressive

action finished in the past (single

action was in progress at a special time in the past
or repeated)
two actions were happening at the same time (the actions do not
series of completed actions in
influence each other)
the past

. Form

Simple Past Past Progressive

regular verbs: infinitive + -ed

(was or were) + infinitive + -ing
 irregular verbs: 2nd column of the table of the irregular verbs

. Examples

Affirmative sentences

Simple Past Past Progressive

I played football. He was playing football.

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Simple Past Past Progressive

You played football. You were playing football.

He played football. He was playing football.

Negative sentences

Simple Past Past Progressive

I did not play football. He was not playing football.

You did not play football. You were not playing football.

He did not play football. He was not playing football.

Questions

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 Simple Past Past Progressive

Did I play football? Was I playing football?

Did you play football? Were you playing football?

Did he play football? Was he playing football?

Spelling

Simple Past Past Progressive

sitting (Double the consonant after a short

stopped (Double the consonant after a short vowel.)
vowel.)
 loved (one -e at the end of the word → Add only -d.)
writing (Drop the -e.)
 worried (consonant before -y → Change to -i.)
lying (Change -ie to -y.)

Both tenses are often used in one sentence:

While we were sitting at the breakfast table, the telephone rang.

We were sitting at the breakfast table when the telephone rang.

 Past Progressive → we were sitting at the table

 Simple Past → the telephone rang.

The action in the Simple Past (pink) interrupts the action in the Past Progressive (blue).

FIGURE 2

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1.2.3 PRACTISE :

Put the verbs into the correct tense (Simple Past or Past Progressive).

1. As I …………………… (open) my eyes, I ………………… (see) a strange sight.

2. While you …………………… .. (play) in the garden, I ………………… (work).

3. As I …………………… . (walk) down the street, I ………………….. Ann driving a Ferrari.

4. While they …………………….. (work) in the backyard, someone …………………… .. (break) into the
house.

5. When I was a child, we …………………… .. (live) in Singapore.

6. When I …………………… . (sit) under the tree, an apple ………………… (fall) on my head.

I.3 THE PRESENT PERFECT 

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 1.3.1 Definition :

The present perfect simple expresses an action that is still going on or that stopped recently, but has an
influence on the present. It puts emphasis on the result.

Form of Present Perfect

Positive Negative Question

I / you / we / the I have spoken. I have not spoken. Have I spoken?

y

he / she / it He has spoken. He has not spoken. Has he spoken?

For irregular verbs, use the participle form (see list of irregular verbs, 3rd column). For regular verbs, just
add “ed”.

Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ‘ed’

Exceptions in spelling when adding ed Example

after a final e only add d love – loved

final consonant after a short, stressed vowel admit – admitted

or l as final consonant after a vowel is travel – travelled
doubled

final y after a consonant becomes i hurry – hurried

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 1.3.2 Use of Present Perfect

 puts emphasis on the result

Example: She has written five letters.

 action that is still going on

Example: School has not started yet.

 action that stopped recently

Example: She has cooked dinner.

 finished action that has an influence on the present

Example: I have lost my key.

 action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking
Example: I have never been to Australia.

Signal Words of Present Perfect

 already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now

1.3.3 practise :

Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple).

1. I (not / work) ………………. today.
2. We (buy) ……………… a new lamp.
3. We (not / plan) ………………. our holiday yet.
4. Where (be / you) ……………..?
5. He (write) …………… five letters.
6. She (not / see) …………… him for a long time.
7. (be / you) …………… at school?
8. School (not / start) ……………. yet.
9. (speak / he) ……………… to his boss?

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 1.4 THE PAST PERFECT

1.4.1 Definition :

The past perfect refers to a time earlier than before now. It is used to make it clear that one event
happened before another in the past. It does not matter which event is mentioned first - the tense makes
it clear which one happened first.
FIGURE 3

1.4.2 USE :

1- A finished action before a second point in the past.

-When we arrived, the film had started (= first the film started, then we arrived).

We usually use the past perfect to make it clear which action happened first. Maybe we are already talking
about something in the past and we want to mention something else that is further back in time. This is
often used to explain or give a reason for something in the past.

I'd eaten dinner so I wasn't hungry.

It had snowed in the night, so the bus didn't arrive.

If it's clear which action happened first (if we use the words 'before' or 'after', for example), the past perfect
is optional.

 The film started before we arrived / the film had started before we arrived.

2- Something that started in the past and continued up to another action or time in the past. The past perfect
tells us 'how long', just like the present perfect, but this time the action continues up to a point in the past
rather than the present. Usually we use 'for + time'. We can also use the past perfect continuous here, so we
most often use the past perfect simple with stative verbs.

 When he graduated, he had been in London for six years. (= He arrived in London six years before he
graduated and lived there until he graduated, or even longer.)
 On the 20th of July, I'd worked here for three months.

26
 3- To talk about unreal or imaginary things in the past. In the same way that we use the past simple to talk
about unreal or imaginary things in the present, we use the past perfect (one step back in time) to talk about
unreal things in the past. This is common in the third conditional and after 'wish'.

 If I had known you were ill, I would have visited you.

 She would have passed the exam if she had studied harder.
 I wish I hadn't gone to bed so late!

FIGURE 4

1.4.3 Practise :

Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect simple).

27
1. The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we (build) ……………..
2. He (not / be) …………… to Cape Town before 1997.
3. When she went out to play, she (do / already) ……………. her homework.
4. My brother ate all of the cake that our mum (make) ………………..
5. The doctor took off the plaster that he (put on) …………… six weeks before.
6. The waiter brought a drink that I (not / order) ………………..
7. I could not remember the poem we (learn) ……………… the week before.
8. The children collected the chestnuts that (fall) …………….. from the tree.
9. (he / phone) ………………. Angie before he went to see her in London?
10. She (not / ride) ………….. a horse before that day.

1.5 SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

1.5.1 Definition :

28
The simple future refers to a time later than now, and expresses facts or certainty. In this case there is no
'attitude'.

The forms of the simple future:

The simple future is formed as follows:

will / 'll + verb

will = 'll

The affirmative form of the simple future:

I, you, he, she, it, we, they will / ''ll go.

Examples:

 I think I'll buy a new computer.

 I will open the door. Someone is ringing the bell.

The interrogative form of the simple future:

Will I, you, he, she, it, we, they go?

Examples:

 Will you buy a computer?

 Will you go to the party?

The negative form of the simple future:

will not
I, you, he, she, it, we, they go.
won't

will not = won't

Examples:

 I will not stay at home if I finish the homework.

 I won't visit Big Ben if I go to London.

1.5.2 The use of the simple future:

FIGURE 5

29
  We use the simple future for instant decisions.
Example: "I've left the door open; I'll close it."

 We use the simple future , when we predict a future situation:

Example: "She'll pass the exam. She's hardworking"

 We use the simple future with: "I (don't) think...", "I expect...", "I'm sure...", "I wonder...",
"probably".
Example: "It will probably rain tonight" , "I wonder what will happen?

 We use the simple future in conditional sentences type one. (More on conditional sentences here):
Example: "If I have enough time, I'll watch the film."

Things to remember:

1. We don't use the simple future to say what somebody has already decided or arranged to do in the future.
We use instead either the present continuous or "going to + verb" (Future plan) :

 Ann is traveling to New York next week. (NOT, "Ann will travel ")

 Are you going to watch television? (NOT "will you watch").

2. You can use shall instead of will for I and we:

 I shall play football.(Or, I will play ...)

 We shall play football. (Or, we will play ...)

3. 'll is the short form of will. You can say either:

 I will go, or
 I 'll go.

4. Won't is the short form of will not. You can say either:

 I will not go, or

 I won't go.

1.5.3 Practise :

Put the verbs into the correct form (future I simple). .

30
 Jim asked a fortune teller about his future. Here is what she told him:

1. You (earn) …………… a lot of money.

2. You (travel) …………… around the world.
3. You (meet) …………… lots of interesting people.
4. Everybody (adore) ……………. you.
5. You (not / have) …………….. any problems.
6. Many people (serve) ……………. you.
7. They (anticipate) ………….. your wishes.
8. There (not / be) ………………. anything left to wish for.
9. Everything (be) ………………. perfect.
10. But all these things (happen / only) …………… if you marry me.

1.6 PASSIVE VOICE

31
 1.6.1 Definition :

What is the passive voice?

In general we tend to use the active voice. That is when a subject does an action to an object.

1. Somebody stole my laptop. (subject = Somebody / action(verb) = stole / object = my laptop)

The passive voice is used when we want to emphasize the action (the verb) and the object of a sentence
rather than subject. This means that the subject is either less important than the action itself or that we don’t
know who or what the subject is.

1. My laptop was stolen. (The object – now the subject = My laptop / action= was stolen)

1. Passive: Twenty civilians were killed in the bomb explosion.

2. Active: Someone killed twenty civilians in the bomb explosion.

The passive agent

When we know who the subject is, we put it at the end with by. We call this an agent.

1. Passive: The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci. (agent =Leonardo Da Vinci )
2. Active: Leonaro Da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.
Most writing instructors and editors recommend against using the passive voice, when possible. The reason
for this is that when you use the active voice, your writing is clearer and less complicated.

1. Active: While Mr. Taylor was driving down Highway 101, a police officer pulled him over and gave
him a speeding ticket.
2. Passive: While Mr. Taylor was driving down Highway 101, he was pulled over and given a ticket by a
police officer.
If it’s a long sentence and you know who the subject is, it’s best to use the active voice.

The passive is often used to report something or to state a fact.

1. Highway 15 was closed yesterday due to a serious road accident.

1.6.2 Forming the passive voice

32
 The passive voice is not a tense in English. Each tense has its own passive voice which is created by using
a form of the auxiliary verb to be + V3 (past participle)
The passive voice in each tense:

Auxiliary verb + sample V3 (past

Tense Examples
participle)

juice is made from fruits.

Present simple am, is, are + made
Many cars are made in Japan.

Present The document is being sent right now.

am, is, are + being + sent
progressive I am being sent to work in the London office.

John was invited to speak at the conference.

Past simple was, were + invited We were invited to Daniel and Mary’s
wedding.

The dog was being washed when I got home.

Past
was, were + being + washed Their cars were being washed while they were
progressive
in the mall shopping.

The contract will be signed tomorrow.

Future (will) will be + signed The documents will all be signed by next
week.

A bridge is going to be built within the next

Future (going two years.
am, is, are + going to be + built
to) New houses are going to be built in our
neighborhood.

That start-up has been sold for $5 million.

Present perfect has, have + been + sold The rights to his book have been sold for
$250,000.

33
 Auxiliary verb + sample V3 (past
Tense Examples
participle)

The new manager had been hired before John

left the company.
Past perfect had + been + hired
All the employees had hired before the store
opened.

A passport can only be issued at the embassy.

Modals:
can, could + be + issued He said the documents could be issued within
can/could
the week.

A babysitter has to be arranged for this

evening.
Joan’s travel plans have to be arranged by
Modal: have to have to, has to, had to + be+ arranged December.

Criminals must be stopped before they

Modal: must must + be + stopped
commit crimes.

All of the rules for passive negatives and questions are the same as for the active voice.

Note:
 Verbs that have no object (no one to “receive” the action) cannot be put into the passive, such as,
arrive, come, die, exist, go, happen, have, live, occur sleep, etc.

1.6.3 PRACTISE
Rewrite the sentences using Passive voice.

1. Julia rescued three cats.

………………………………………………………..

34
2. The students handed in the reports.
………………………………………………………….
3. Maria crashed into the blue car.
……………………………………………………...
4. Alex learned the poem.
……………………………………………………..
5. Steven has forgotten the book.
………………………………………………………..
6. The mechanic has not repaired the DVD recorder.
………………………………………………………….
7. They play handball.
………………………………………………………………….

1.7 THE CONDITIONNAL :

1.7.1 Definition :

35
Conditional Clause and Main Clause

If I have enough money, I will go to Japan.

conditional clause     main clause
I will go to Japan, if I have enough money
main clause     conditional clause

First, Second, and Third Conditional

1. First conditional: If I have enough money, I will go to Japan.

2. Second conditional: If I had enough money, I would go to Japan.
3. Third conditional: If I had had enough money, I would have gone to Japan.

Conditional clause Main clause

1. If + Present Tense will + inf / present tense / imperative
a. If you help me with the dishes (if + pres), 
I will help you with your homework. (will + inf)
b. If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by three, 
the number is divisible by three (Pres. tense)
c. If you see Mr Fox tonight, tell him I am ill. (imperative).

2. If + Past Tense would + inf

3. If + Past Perfect Tense would have + past participle
We do not normally use will or would in the conditional clause, 
only in the main clause.

1.7.2 Uses of the Conditional

1. First conditional
a. Nature: Open condition, what is said in the condition is possible.
b. Time: This condition refers either to present or to future time.
e.g. If he is late, we will have to go without him.
If my mother knows about this, we are in serious trouble.

36
 2. Second conditional
a. Nature: unreal (impossible) or improbable situations.
b. Time: present; the TENSE is past, but we are talking about the present, now.
e.g. If I knew her name, I would tell you.
If I were you, I would tell my father.
Compare: If I become president, I will change the social security system. (Said
by a presidential candidate)
If I became president, I would change the social security system. (Said by a
schoolboy: improbable)
If we win this match, we are qualified for the semifinals.
If I won a million pounds, I would stop teaching. (improbable)
3. Third conditional
a. Nature: unreal
b. Time: Past (so we are talking about a situation that was not so in the past.)
e.g. If you had warned me, I would not have told your father about that party.
(But you didn't, and I have).

Remember!

1. The conditional construction does not normally use will or would in if-

clauses. EXCEPTION: If will or would express willingness, as in requests, they can be used in if-
clauses.
e.g. If you will come this way, the manager will see you now.
I would be grateful if you would give me a little help.
(= ± please, come this way; please, give me...)
2. For the second conditional, were replaces was:
If I were a rich man..
.
3. After if, we can either use "some(-one, -where...)" or "any(-one, -where...).
If I have some spare time next weekend....or : 
If I have any spare time...

4. Instead of if not, we can use unless.

e.g. I'll be back tomorrow unless there is a plane strike.
He'll accept the job unless the salary is too low.

5.There is a "mixed type" as well, for the present results of an unreal condition in the past:
If + Past Perfect - would + inf.
If you had warned me [then], I would not be in prison [now].

1.7.3 Practise :

Complete the following sentences, using the suggested verb and choosing the correct conditional.

1. If you practice your English often,                  (to improve)

2. If I looked like him,                                         (to be)
3. If we had taken the earlier train,                   (to arrive)

37
 4. If it rains on their wedding day,                     (to cancel)
5. If you read this English book,                          (to learn)
6. If she had practiced speaking,                        (to pass)
7. If they cheated in the test,                              (to report)
8. If you eat too much chocolate,                       (to get)
9. If I take more classes,                                     (to do)
10. If the motorway had been less busy,              (to get)
11. If you look at the picture closely,                   (to see)
12. If he had asked me for the pen,                     (to give)

1.8 MODALS :

1.8.1 Definition :

What are modal verbs?

38
Modals (also called modal verbs, modal auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliaries) are special verbs which
behave irregularly in English. They are different from normal verbs like "work, play, visit..." They give

Here are some characteristics of modal verbs:

 They never change their form. You can't add "s", "ed", "ing"...
 They are always followed by an infinitive without "to" (e.i. the bare infinitive.)

1.8.2 Use of modal verbs:

Modal verbs are used to express functions such as:

1. Permission
2. Ability
3. Obligation
4. Prohibition
5. Lack of necessity
6. Advice
7. possibility
8. probability

Examples of modal verbs

Here is a list of modals with examples:

Modal Verb
Remember Expressing Example
Strong obligation You must stop when the traffic lights turn
Modal verbs are followed by an infinitive without "to", red.
also called the bare infinitive.
Must
logical conclusion / Certainty He must be very tired. He's been working all
day long.
must not Prohibition You must not smoke in the hospital.
Ability I can swim.
Can Permission Can I use your phone please?
Possibility Smoking can cause cancer.
ability in the past When I was younger I could run fast.
Could polite permission Excuse me, could I just say something?
Possibility It could rain tomorrow!
Permission May I use your phone please?
may
possibility, probability It may rain tomorrow!
polite permission Might I suggest an idea?
might
possibility, probability I might go on holiday to Australia next year.
: lack of necessity/absence of I need not buy tomatoes. There are plenty of
need not
obligation tomatoes in the fridge.
50 % obligation I should / ought to see a doctor. I have a
terrible headache.
should/ought to Advice 39 You should / ought to revise your lessons
logical conclusion He should / ought to be very tired. He's been
working all day long.
had better Advice You 'd better revise your lessons
1.8.3 PRACTISE :

Choose the right modal

 Q1. I didn’t feel very well yesterday. I ..... eat anything.

40
 Cannot

couldn’t

mustn’t

Q2. You ..... look at me when I am talking to you.

could

should

would

Q3. I was using my pencil a minute ago. It ..... be here

somewhere!
can

could

must

would

Q4. You really ..... be late again.

must not

don’t have to be

Q5. If you don’t start working harder, you ..... repeat the course

next year.
have to

must

41
 will have to

Q6. His parents spoil him. He’s always ..... to do whatever he

wants.
been able

been allowed

Q7. Phone her now. She ..... home by now.

has to be

must be

would be

Q8. You ..... forget your sun cream. It’s going to be very hot!

don’t have to

mustn’t

needn’t

Q9. I ..... be able to help you, but I’m not sure yet.

might

would

Q10. Entrance to the museum was free. We ..... pay to get in.

needn’t

42
 didn’t need to

1.9 COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE  

1.9.1 Definition :

Comparative is the name for the grammar used when comparing two things. The two basic ways to
compare are using as ..as or than. Examples of each are shown below:

 She's twice as old as her sister.

 He's not as stupid as he looks!
 I'm almost as good in maths as in science.
 This book is not as exciting as the last one.
 The cafeteria is not as crowded as usual.
 Russian is not quite as difficult as Chinese.

 This computer is better than that one.

 She's stronger at chess than I am.
 It's much colder today than it was yesterday.
 Our car is bigger than your car.
 This grammar topic is easier than most others.
 I find science more difficult than mathematics.
 Today's ESL lesson was more interesting than usual.

Note: In each of the example sentences above, the comparative form of the adjective is shown. See the
foot of this page for information about the comparison of adverbs.

1.9.2 USE :

When comparing with as ..as, the adjective does not change. When comparing with than, however, some
changes are necessary, depending on the number of syllables the adjective has:

1-syllable adjectives: add -er to the adjective

 My sister is much taller than me.†

 It's colder today than it was yesterday.

Note: If the word ends: consonant-vowel-consonant, then the last consonant is usually doubled in the
comparative. Examples: big-bigger, fat-fatter, hot-hotter.

2-syllable adjectives ending in -y: change the -y to -ier

 She's looking happier today.
 This grammar topic is easier than the last one.

43
  Why is everyone else luckier than me? †

Beware: Do not confuse adjectives and adverbs. 2-syllable adverbs ending in -y must be compared with the
word more. Example: I drive more quickly (quicklier) than my brother.

Other 2-syllable adjectives: use more with the unchanged adjective

 The shops are always more crowded just before Christmas.

 Is there anything more boring than reading about grammar?
 My sister is more careful with her writing than I am with mine.

Note: The comparative of some shorter 2-syllable adjectives can be formed with -er. Examples: simple-
simpler, clever-cleverer, narrow-narrower. To be sure which comparative method to use, you will need to
consult a good dictionary.

Adjectives with 3 or more syllables: use more with the unchanged adjective

 Russian grammar is more difficult than English grammar.

 My sister is much more intelligent than me.†
 I find maths lessons more enjoyable than science lessons.
 The older you get, the more irritating you become.

In the superlative you talk about one thing only and how it is the best, worst, etc. You do not
compare two things. The following guidelines apply to the superlative:

1-syllable adjectives: add -est to the adjective (plus the)

 My sister is the tallest in our family.

 Yesterday was the coldest day of the year so far.

Note: If the word ends: consonant-vowel-consonant, then the last consonant is usually doubled in the
superlative. Examples: big-biggest, fat-fattest, hot-hottest.

2-syllable adjectives ending in -y: change the -y to -iest (plus the)

 The richest people are not always the happiest.

 Which do you think is the easiest language to learn?
 She's the luckiest person I know.

Beware: Do not confuse adjectives and adverbs. 2-syllable adverbs ending in -y form their superlative with
the words the most. Example: Of all the people I know my father drives the most quickly (quickliest).

Other 2-syllable adjectives: use the most with the unchanged adjective

 The most boring thing about ESL class is doing grammar exercises.

 My sister is the most careful person I know.

44
Note: The superlative of some shorter 2-syllable adjectives can be formed with -er. Examples: simple-
simplest, clever-cleverest, narrow-narrowest. To be sure which superlative method to use, you will need to
consult a good dictionary.

Adjectives with 3 or more syllables: use the most with the unchanged adjective

 Some people think that Russian is the most difficult language.

 Albert Einstein was the most intelligent person in history.
 My most enjoyable class is English.
 You are the most irritating person I have ever met!

Following are two common irregular comaparative/superlative forms:

 good-better-the best
 bad-worse-the worst

The following guidelines apply to the comparative/superlative of most adverbs:

1-syllable adverbs: add -er/-est

 I can run faster than you. / I can run the fastest in my class.

 She works harder than me.† / She works the hardest of all students.

Other adverbs: use more / the most*

 She ran more quickly than me.† / Of all the students she ran the most quickly.

EXCEPTIONS:
1. If a word ends with a consonant-vowel-consonant, double the last letter (except if the word ends
with a w, x, or z).
FOR EXAMPLE: Big = Bigger, Biggest,  Small = Smaller, Smallest,
Hot = Hotter, Hottest.
2. If the adjective ends in “e”, just add “r” or ‘st’.

FOR EXAMPLE:  Large = Larger, Largest, Nice = Nicer, Nicest

45
 1.9.3 PRACTISE :

Complete the sentences with the most appropriate comparative or superlative phrase of the adjective
given.

1. Mary is  _________ (lazy) student in the class.

2. Rob’s apartment is  _________ (nice) mine.
3. Elephants are  _________(fat) camels.
4. Miami is   ________(superficial) city in the U.S.
5. Kim is   ________(small) of all my friends.
6. I think tornadoes are ________(bad) hurricanes because they occur more often and are much more
unpredictable.

7. Laura speaks English  _______________________________ (good) Susan.

Fill in the gaps with the comparative form of the adjectives given.

1.  A rock is……………….  than a leaf. (heavy)

2. Our house is …………………than yours. (big)
3. The princess is ………………….than the witch. (beautiful)
4. Tom is a ……………….student than Mary. (good)
5. Bicycles are ………………than motorbikes. (safe)
6. July is ……………than January. (hot)
7. A lion is ……………….than a cat. (dangerous)
8. Helen is…………….. than Mary. (happy)
9. Computers are…………………. than telephones. (expensive)
10. I think golf is ……………………than football. (boring)

 
Fill in the gaps with the superlative form of the adjectives given.
 
1. It is the ………………shop in town. (large)
2. Monday is the ………….day of the week. (bad)
3. Ben was the …………….person in his family. (noisy)
4. Sam is the in the ……………class. (popular)
5. Which is the …………….subject at school? (difficult)
6. Jim is the ……………..player in the football team. (good)
7. Elephants are the ………………..animals. (heavy)

46
 8. Let's pick the ………………apple of the tree. (big)
9. Mary is the …………….girl in the class. (thin)
10. That is the …………….sofa in our house. (comfortable)

1.10 SUMMARY :

This grammar section explains English grammar in a clear and simple way. There are example sentences to
show how the language is used and there are interactive

exercises so you can practise what you learn.

1.11 GENERAL ACTIVITY :

Fill the gaps with the correct tenses.

1. I (learn) …………… English for seven years now.

2. But last year I (not / work) ………… hard enough for English, that's why my marks (not /
be) …………… really that good then.
3. As I (pass / want) ………… my English exam successfully next year, I (study) ……… harder this term.
4. During my last summer holidays, my parents (send) …….. me on a language course to London.
5. It (be) ………… great and I (think) ………….. I (learn) ………… a lot.
6. Before I (go) ………….. to London, I (not / enjoy) …………… learning English.
7. But while I (do) ………… the language course, I (meet) …………. lots of young people from all over the
world.
8. There I (notice) …………….. how important it (be) ……….. to speak foreign languages nowadays.
9. Now I (have) ………… much more fun learning English than I (have) …………. before the course.
10. At the moment I (revise) …………. English grammar.
11. And I (begin / already) …………… to read the texts in my English textbooks again.
12. I (think) …………. I (do) ………………. one unit every week.
13. My exam (be) ……………. on 15 May, so there (not / be) …………. any time to be lost.
14. If I (pass) …………. my exams successfully, I (start) ………… an apprenticeship in September.
15. And after my apprenticeship, maybe I (go) ……………. back to London to work there for a while.
16. As you (see / can) ………………, I (become) …………….. a real London fan already.

47
CHAPTER TWO : STUDY AND TRANSLATION OF TECHNICAL TEXT

In the global context, trainees or learners at vocational institutions need a specific set of language skills
for their success in education and in career. In this chapter, trainees will find a set of technical vocabulary
that can help them to translate texts.

2.1 STUDY OF TECHNICAL TEXT:

2.1.1 Lesson1 : Computer Parts

2.1.1.1 Vocabulary :

What can you see in each picture ?

What is each used for ?

PERSONAL COMPUTER SCREEN

CD DRIVE KEYBOARD CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

48
 CD disk desk mouse

speakers serial port joystick mouse pad

port head printer lead laptop case CD drive

49
2.1.1.2 Reading
A.

Ahmad: How do I start this machine, Sir?

Teacher: You must plug in the computer first.

Ahmad: Then what?

Teacher: Then you must connect all the leads

Ahmad: Like this?

Teacher: Yes, now switch it on

Ahmad: I did it!

B.
Ahmad: How do I use the printer, Sir?

Teacher: First plug it into the computer.

Ahmad: yes and then?

Teacher: Install the printer disk.

Ahmad: How?

Teacher: Like this. Now you can print anything you like.

Ahmad: Look what I printed!

 Read again and say whether the sentences below are true (T) or
false (F).

1. A computer must first be plugged in before it works…….

2. A printer does not need to connect to the computer to work………
3. A monitor can show you what you have written…….

50
 4. A computer has no leads.…….

2.1.1.3 Practise

 Look at the sentences. Circle the right answer.

1. A CD is used to _________ information.

a. lift
b. store
c. turn

2. A computer disk contains ____________ .

a. information
b. problems
c. food

3 A computer mouse moves the _________

a. printer
b. screen
c. cursor

4 A ___________is more mobile than a desktop.

a. desktop
b. laptop
c. tabletop

5 A speaker gives quality _________ .

a. light
b. sound
c. heat

51
  Connecting Sentences

Complete the following sentences using First… ‘Next’… ‘Then’… :

Example:First I have to plug in the computer, next I have to connect all the leads and then I will switch it
on.

1. ______________ I will write about the college, ___________ I will give it to the
teacher and _________ he will mark it.

2. ___________ I will use the internet, ___________ I will print out some information
and _____________ I will put it together.

 Make up your own sentences using first, next and then:

1
………………………………………………………………………………………………
………
……………………………………………………………………………………………

2.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………

52
 2.1.2 Lesson2: Using Computers
2.1.2.1 Vocabulary :

-What does each one mean ?

2.1.2.2 Reading

Today computers are part of our everyday life . Whatever you do at your work place may require you to
use a computer.

At the supermarket a check till connected to a computer is used to read the bar codes of each product.
When writing letters a computer can be used to make it easier to check for spelling errors. Newspapers
need to use computers in order to organise their work.

Bookshops and libraries store information on each book they stock. Teachers use computers to store the
students marks.

Whatever the job, a computer will help you make it easier. You can use the word processor on the
computer to write letters. You can use 'Power Point' for a slide show presentation. You can use excel for
spreadsheets to calculate your money.

53
 2.1.2.3 practise
 Answer whether the following sentences are true or false.
We do not need computers in our everyday lives………
1. Computers are used in supermarkets to identify items………
2. Printers can scan the work written………
3. Word processors can be used to write stories……..
4. For a slide show use a spreadsheet……….
5. Excel is a spreadsheet used to calculate budgets…..
 Vocabulary preview

-What do the words in bold mean?

1. What's on your hard drive?

a. A very fast speed b. A place to store --- information on computer

2. Change your Window fonts

a. the character of letters and numbers. b. the colour of the computer

3. Open a file or folder

a. cut your toe nails with this b.a piece of work saved

4. Save a file

a. store b.print your name

5. You can also delete files or folders by right-clicking the file or folder and then clicking
Delete.

a. upgrade b. erase

54
2.1.3 Lesson 3 : The world wide

2.1.3.1 Vocabulary

Drive disk

Internet

Communication

Enter

Arrows keys

55
2.1.3.2 Reading :

The internet
To use the internet, all you need is a computer, a modem and a phone line. You need to connect
all o these together and buy an internet prepaid card in order to have enough time to use the
Net. Thes can be bought at any computer store.

Once you have all these you will be ready to go online in no time. Go to the internet icon on
you computer and double click it. Go to settings and make sure you fill the username and
password.

Once that is done press connect and the computer will automatically dial and connect. You can
us email by double clicking the icon mail. Then you can create your own username and
password. I addition, you can use create your own messenger username and password for
online chat wit different newsgroups. Moreover you can start your own newsgroup.

56
 The screen shows the yahoo website in the background. You can use this site to look at
your emails and search for information on the internet. On the left of the screen is the
Paltalk log on information. This program allows you to join different groups and talk to
people from all over the world who share your interest. You have to first have your own
username and password. Then you will be able to use it.

2.1.3.3Practise :

 Say if the following sentences are true (T) or false(F):

. 1-To use the internet you don't need a modem……

2-You need to buy an internet prepaid card to connect to the internet……

3-Online means that you are connected to the internet……

4-Offline means that you are not connected to the internet……

 Answer the following questions:

1. What is a word processing programme used for?

…………………………………….

2. To open Microsoft office what do you do?

First I …………………………………………………………

57
 ………………………………………………………………...

3. How many icons are there once ‘Microsoft Word’ is opened?

There are ……………………………………………

4. How can you change the size and font of letters?

………………………………………..……………….,

5. What is this icon ¶ used for?

……………………………………………………………………..

 Answer the questions using a negative form of 'will'

1. Will you use the computer today ?
___________________________________________

2. Will he play with the computer games ?

_____________________________________________

3. Will she write a letter to the company ?

___________________________________________

4. Will we meet together to discuss how to use these programmes?

_____________________________________________

5. Will they scan your picture on to the computer ?

___________________________________________

6. Will you type the text onto the computer ?

_____________________________________________

58
 2.2 TRANSLATION OF TECHNICAL TEXT

 English / French

Read this paragraph then translate it into french :

A hard disk is a part of a unit often called « a disk drive » or « hard disk » that store and provides relatively
quick accessto large amount of data on an electromagneticallycharged surface or set of surfaces .
Today’s computers typically come with a hard disk that contains several billion bytes (gigabytes) of storage.

 French / English

Read this paragraph then translate it into English :

Ordinateur

Un ordinateur est un système de traitement de l'information programmable tel que défini par Turing et qui

fonctionne par la lecture séquentielle d'un ensemble d'instructions, organisées en programmes, qui lui font
exécuter des opérations logiques et arithmétiques. Sa structure physique actuelle fait que toutes les
opérations reposent sur la logique binaire et sur des nombres formés à partir de chiffres binaires.
Dès sa mise sous tension, un ordinateur exécute, l'une après l'autre, des instructions qui lui font lire,
manipuler, puis réécrire un ensemble de données  Les données à manipuler sont obtenues, soit par la lecture
de mémoires, soit par la lecture d'information en provenance de périphériques interne ou externes
(déplacement d'une souris, touche appuyée sur un clavier, température, vitesse, compression…). Une fois
utilisées, ou manipulées, les résultats sont écrits, soit dans des mémoires, soit dans des composants qui
peuvent transformer une valeur binaire en une action physique (écriture sur une imprimante ou sur
un moniteur, accélération ou freinage d'un véhicule, changement de température d'un four…). L'ordinateur
peut aussi répondre à des interruptions qui lui permettent d’exécuter des programmes de réponses
spécifiques à chacune, puis de reprendre l’exécution séquentielle du programme interrompu.

59
 2.3 SUMMARY :

The four main skills in English; vocabulary, reading and writing are incorporated in this book in
order to help the trainees progress in all areas. It is a course encouraging trainees to practice these skills
with each other and the trainee . The conversations in the text can be practiced by the trainees to enhance
their variety of learning strategies.
The course is packed with many different ideas enabling the trainees access to a variety of lessons and
vocabulary to learn.

2.4 GENERAL ACTIVITY :

 Say true or false :

ˆ The internet has spiders ˆ The internet has information

ˆ You can read your mail with email ˆ Email is for sending clothes

ˆ Downloading means to save files ˆ Downloading is to go down

ˆ You can buy things from the internet ˆ You cannot buy on the internet

ˆ Internet is used to search for things ˆ Internet has no information

ˆ A search engine helps find things ˆ A search engine needs oil

ˆ Sports results are on the internet ˆ Internet has no sports results

ˆ Nothing is needed to use the internet ˆ internet costs money

ˆ Internet connection uses a modem ˆ Internet needs a printer

ˆ A fast modem means fast access ˆ A fast modem means fast excess

60
  Vocabulary Preview
Can you name these used in computers ? Tick the right name.

window online with a credit internet costs one world

shopping card money

shop online offline internet is free many worlds

-reach the world -globe ˆ- Book online -surf the net

-reach the moon -football -ˆ Book offline -surf board

61
-computers ˆ- many use -internet flies -money box

holding leads the internet ˆ- -internet files -mail box

traffic light
-network

 Look at the sentences circle the right answer.

1. You can read the _________ on the internet.

a. news
b. pictures
c. food

2. A _________ is needed for internet connection.

a. modem
b. mouse
c. keyboard

3. a search engine helps to _________ information.

a. lose
b. find
c. delete

4. you can send letters by using__________.

a. a microphone
b. speakers
c. email

62
 5. Save your favourite web page by _________ favourites.
a. punching
b. clicking
c. swallowing

 Connecting sentences: For example, For instance

Example:

I like learning many things, for example how to use the internet.

I like learning many things, for instance how to use the internet.

 Use ‘for instance’ instead of ‘for example’

1. Ahmed likes to look at the internet sites, for example yahoo.com.

2. Zaid is playing many games, for example 'Strike Force’.

3. He likes to surf the net for information, for example information on football .

63
Irregular Verbs List

Anglais ( Infinitif ) Prétérit Participe passé Français ( Infinitif )

abide Abode abode souffrir, suporter

arise Arose arisen survenir

awake awoke awoken se réveiller

be was, were been être

bear Bore borne / born porter / supporter

beat Beat beaten battre

become became become devenir

beget begat / begot begotten engendrer

begin began begun commencer

bend Bent bent plier / se courber

bereave bereft / bereaved bereft / déposséder / priver

bereaved

bet Bet bet parier

bid bid / bade bid / bidden offrir

bite Bit bitten Mordre

bleed Bled bled saigner

64
blow Blew blown souffler / gonfler

break broke broken casser

breed Bred bred élever (des animaux)

bring brought brought apporter

broadcast broadcast broadcast diffuser / émettre

build Built built construire

burn burnt / burned burnt / burned brûler

burst burst burst éclater

buy bought bought acheter

can could could pouvoir

cast Cast cast jeter / distribuer (rôles)

catch caught caught attraper

chide Chid chiden gronder

choose chose chosen choisir

cling clung clung s’accrocher

clothe clad / clothed clad / clothed habiller / recouvrir

come came come venir

cost Cost cost Coûter

65
creep crept crept ramper

cut Cut cut couper

deal Dealt dealt distribuer

dig Dug dug creuser

dive dived dived / dove plonger

do Did done faire

draw Drew drawn dessiner / tirer

dream dreamt / dreamt / rêver

dreamed dreamed

drink drank drunk boire

drive drove driven conduire

dwell dwelt dwelt / dwelled habiter

eat Ate eaten manger

fall Fell fallen tomber

feed Fed fed nourrir

feel Felt felt se sentir / ressentir

fight fought fought se battre

find found found trouver

flee Fled fled s’enfuir

fling flung flung Lancer

66
fly Flew flown voler

forbid forbade forbidden interdire

forecast forecast forecast prévoir

forget forgot forgotten / oublier

forgot

forgive forgave forgiven pardonner

forsake forsook forsaken abandonner

forsee foresaw foresawn prévoir / présentir

freeze Froze frozen geler

get Got gotten / got obtenir

give Gave given donner

go Went gone aller

grind ground ground moudre / opprimer

grow Grew grown grandir / pousser

hang Hung hung tenir / pendre

have Had had avoir

hear heard heard entendre

hide Hid hidden cacher

hit Hit hit taper / appuyer

67
hold Held held Tenir

hurt Hurt hurt blesser

keep Kept kept garder

kneel knelt / knelled knelt / kneeled s’agenouiller

know Knew known connaître / savoir

lay Laid laid poser

lead Led led mener / guider

lean leant / leaned leant / leaned s’incliner / se pencher

leap leapt / leaped leapt / leaped sauter / bondir

learn learnt learnt apprendre

leave Left left laisser / quitter / partir

lend Lent lent prêter

let Let let permettre / louer

lie Lay lain s’allonger

light lit / lighted lit / lighted allumer

lose Lost lost perdre

make made made fabriquer

mean meant meant signifier

meet Met met rencontrer

68
mow mowed mowed / mown Tondre

offset offset offset compenser

overcome overcame overcome surmonter

partake partook partaken prendre part à

pay Paid paid payer

plead pled / pleaded pled / pleaded supplier / plaider

preset preset preset programmer

prove proved proven / proved prouver

put Put put mettre

quit Quit quit quitter

read Read read lire

relay relaid relaid relayer

rend Rent rent déchirer

rid Rid rid débarrasser

ride Rode ridden monter (vélo, cheval)

ring Rang rung sonner / téléphoner

rise Rose risen lever

run Ran run courir

69
saw saw / sawed sawn / sawed scier

say Said said Dire

see Saw seen voir

seek sought sought chercher

sell Sold sold vendre

send Sent sent envoyer

set Set set fixer

shake shook shaken secouer

shed Shed shed répandre / laisser tomber

shine shone shone briller

shoe Shod shod chausser

shoot Shot shot tirer / fusiller

show showed shown montrer

shut Shut shut fermer

sing Sang sung chanter

sink sank / sunk sunk / sunken couler

sit Sat sat s’asseoir

slay Slew slain tuer

70
sleep Slept slept dormir

slide Slid slid glisser

slink slunk / slinked slunk / slinked s’en aller furtivement

slit Slit slit fendre

smell smelt smelt sentir

sow sowed sown / sowed semer

speak spoke spoken parler

speed Sped sped aller vite

spell Spelt spelt épeler / orthographier

spend spent spent dépenser / passer du

temps

spill spilt / spilled spilt / spilled renverser

spin Spun spun tourner / faire tourner

spit spat / spit spat / spit cracher

split Split split fendre

spoil spoilt spoilt gâcher / gâter

spread spread spread répandre

spring sprang sprung surgir / jaillir / bondir

stand stood stood être debout

71
steal Stole stolen voler / dérober

stick stuck stuck coller

sting stung stung piquer

stink stank stunk Puer

strew strewed strewn / strewed éparpiller

strike struck stricken / struck frapper

strive strove striven s’efforcer

swear swore sworn jurer

sweat sweat / sweated sweat / sweated suer

sweep swept swept balayer

swell swelled swollen / swelled gonfler / enfler

swim swam swum nager

swing swung swung se balancer

take Took taken prendre

teach taught taught enseigner

tear Tore torn déchirer

tell Told told dire / raconter

think thought thought penser

72
thrive throve / thrived thriven / thrived prospérer

throw threw thrown jeter

thrust thrust thrust enfoncer

tread Trod trodden piétiner quelque chose

typeset typeset typeset Composer

undergo underwent undergone subir

understand understood understood comprendre

wake woke woken réveiller

wear Wore worn porter (avoir sur soi)

weep Wept wept pleurer

wet wet / wetted wet / wetted mouiller

win Won won gagner

wind wound wound enrouler / remonter

withdraw withdrew withdrawn se retirer

wring wrung wrung tordre

write wrote written écrire

73
 GLOSSARY
L'informatique / Computer Technology
Computer Terms
French English
Le bas-débit Slow speed Internet
Le blogue The blog
Le câble The cable
La capture d'écran Screen shot
Le clique  The click (of the mouse)
Le clavier The keyboard
Le courriel The E-mail
Déconnexion  Deconnect / logout
Le Disque Dur The hard disk
L'emoticône The smiley (emotional icon)
L'enceinte (f) The speaker
L'écran (m) The screen
La feuille de calcul The spreadsheet
Le FIA (fournisseur d'accès à Internet) ISP (Internet service provider)
Le fichier The file
Le fond d'écran The background screen
Le haut-débit The broadband, High speed Internet
Le icône The Icon
L'informatique  Computing 
Le jeu de Rôle  Role playing game

74
Le lecteur CDROM  The CDROM player
Le logiciel The program
Le Lien The link
La mémoire Vive The RAM
La mémoire morte The ROM
Le moteur de recherches  The search engine
Le multijoueur (m) The multiplayer
L'ordinateur (m) The computer
Le plantage The crash
Le réseau The network
Le site web  The web site
La touche The key (on the keyboard)
Le serveur The server
Le son  The sound
La souris The mouse
Le tableur  The spreadsheet program
La Toile The Web
La tour centrale The tower (central unit)
Le traitement de textes The word processor
BIBLIOGRAPHY

WWW.ENGLISHGRAMMAR.COM

TECHNICAL ENGLISH

75
 KEYS
ACTIVITIES KEYS
ACTIVITY ONE :
1. Andy sometimes reads comics.
2. We never watch TV in the morning.
3. Listen! Sandy is singing in the bathroom.
4. My sister usually helps in the kitchen.
5. My mother is making breakfast now.
6. They often clean the bathroom.
7. Look! The boys are coming home.
8. Every day his grandfather goes for a walk.
9. I am chatting with my friend at the moment.
10. Cats eat mice.

ACTIVITY TWO :

1. As I opened my eyes, I saw a strange sight.

2. While you were playing in the garden I was working.

3. As I was walking down the street, I saw Ann driving a Ferrari.

76
 4. While they were working in the backyard, someone broke into the house.

5. When I was a child, we lived in Singapore.

6. When I was sitting under the tree an apple fell on my head.

ACTIVITY THREE

1. I have not worked today.

2. We have bought a new lamp.
3. We have not planned our holiday yet.
4. Where have you been ?
5. He has written five letters.
6. She has not seen him for a long time.
7. Have you been at school?
8. School has not started yet.
9. Has he spoken to his boss?

ACTIVITY FOUR

1. The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we had built .

2. He had not been to Cape Town before 1997.
3. When she went out to play, she had already done her homework.
4. My brother ate all of the cake that our mum had made .
5. The doctor took off the plaster that he had put on six weeks before.
6. The waiter brought a drink that I had not ordered .
7. I could not remember the poem we had learned the week before.
8. The children collected the chestnuts that had fallen from the tree.
9. Had he phoned Angie before he went to see her in London?
10. She had not ridden a horse before that day.

ACTIVITY FIVE

Jim asked a fortune teller about his future. Here is what she told him:

1. You will earn a lot of money.

2. You will travel around the world.

77
3. You will meet lots of interesting people.
4. Everybody will adore you.
5. You will not have any problems.
6. Many people will serve you.
7. They will anticipate your wishes.
8. There will not be anything left to wish for.
9. Everything will be perfect.

ACTIVITY SIX :
Fill in the correct passive form of the verb in parentheses.

Answers:

1. was discovered
2. are being taken
3. must be protected
4. were catered
5. was stolen
6. Was/made
7. is grown
8. had been cancelled
9. won’t be sent
10. is/added

ACTIVITY SEVEN
1. Julia rescued three cats.
Three cats were rescued.
2. The students handed in the reports.
The reports were handed in.

78
 3. Maria crashed into the blue car.
The blue car was crashed into.
4. Alex learned the poem.
The poem was learned.
5. Steven has forgotten the book.
The book has been forgotten.
6. The mechanic has not repaired the DVD recorder.
The DVD recorder has not been repaired.
7. They play handball.
Handball is played.

ACTIVITY EIGHT :
1. If you practice your English often, you will improve. (First conditional)
2. If I looked like him, I would be very happy. (Second conditional)
3. If we had taken the earlier train, we would have arrived on time. (Third conditional)
4. If it rains on their wedding day, they will cancel the wedding. (First conditional)
5.  If you read this English book, you will learn a lot of new words. (First conditional)
6. If she had practiced speaking, she would have passed the exam. (Third conditional)
7. If they cheated in the test, I would report them. (Second conditional)
8. If you eat too much chocolate, you will get fat. (Zero conditional)
9. If I take more classes, I will do better in the test. (First conditional)
10. If the motorway had been less busy, we would have got home sooner. (Third conditional)
11. If you look at the picture closely, you will see more details. (First conditional)
12. If he had asked me for the pen, I would have given it to him. (Third Conditional)

ACTIVITY NINE :

Q1. I didn’t feel very well yesterday. I couldn’t eat anything.

Cannot

couldn’t

mustn’t

79
Q2. You should look at me when I am talking to you.

Could

Should

Would

Q3. I was using my pencil a minute ago. It must be here somewhere!

Can

Could

Must

Would

Q4. You really must not be late again.

must not

don’t have to be

Q5. If you don’t start working harder, you will have to repeat the course next year.
have to

Must

will have to

80
Q6. His parents spoil him. He’s always been allowed to do whatever he wants.
been able

been allowed

Q7. Phone her now. She must be home by now.

has to be

must be

would be

Q8. You mustn’t forget your sun cream. It’s going to be very hot!

don’t have to

mustn’t

needn’t

Q9. I might be able to help you, but I’m not sure yet.

Might

Would

Q10. Entrance to the museum was free. We didn’t need to pay to get in.
needn’t
didn’t need to

81
Fill in the gaps with the comparative form of the adjectives given.

1.  A rock is havier  than a leaf. 

2. Our house is bigger than yours. 
3. The princess is more beautiful than the witch. 
4. Tom is a better student than Mary. 
5. Bicycles are safer than motorbikes. 
6. July is hotterthan January. 
7. A lion is more dangerous than a cat. 
8. Helen is happier  than Mary. 
9. Computers are more expensive  than telephones. 
10. I think golf is  more boring than football. 
 
Fill in the gaps with the superlative form of the adjectives given.
 
1. It is the largest shop in town. 
2. Monday is the worst day of the week. 
3. Ben was the noisiest person in his family. 
4. Sam is the in the most popular class. 
5. Which is the more difficult subject at school? 
6. Jim is the best player in the football team. 
7. Elephants are the heaviest animals. 
8. Let's pick the biggest apple of the tree. 
9. Mary is the thinest girl in the class. 
10. That is the most confortable sofa in our house. 
 

Fill in the gaps with the comparative or the superlative form of the adjectives given.
 
1. This armchair is more confortable than the old one. 
2. Trains are slowlier than aeroplanes. 
3. I bought the most expensive  souvenir I could afford. 
4. In this classroom there are too many girls than boys. 
5. Ann is the youngest child in the family. 
6. That TV set is the cheapest of all. 
7. You are safer here than there. 
8. Fifi is prettier than Kate. 
9. This is the most exciting film i have ever seen. 
10. Tim is more talented  than Peter. 

GENERAL ACTIVITY (CHAPTER 1)

 Fill the gaps with the correct tenses.

82
1. I have been learning English for seven years now.
2. But last year I was not working hard enough for English, that's why my marks were notreally that good
then.
3. As I want to pass my English exam successfully next year, I am going to study harder this term.
4. During my last summer holidays, my parents sent me on a language course to London.
5. It was great and I think I have learned a lot.
6. Before I went to London, I had not enjoyed learning English.
7. But while I was doing the language course, I met lots of young people from all over the world.
8. There I noticed how important it is to speak foreign languages nowadays.
9. Now I have much more fun learning English than I had before the course.
10. At the moment I am revising English grammar.
11. And I have already begun to read the texts in my English textbooks again.
12. I think I will do one unit every week.
13. My exam is on 15 May, so there is not any time to be lost.
14. If I pass my exams successfully, I will start an apprenticeship in September.
15. And after my apprenticeship, maybe I will go back to London to work there for a while.
16. As you can see, I have become a real London fan.

TRANSLATION :

English / French

Un disk dur fait partie d’une unite, souvent appele une « unite de disques » ou « commande de disque
dur »ce stock est fournit relalivement a acces rapide a des grandes quantites de donnes sur une surface ou
un ensemble electomagnetique chargee de surfaces .Les ordinateurs d’aujourd’hui viennent typiquement
avec un disque dur qui contient plusieurs milliards de bytes(gigabits) de stockage .

83
French / English

Computer

A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out arbitrary sequences

of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. The ability of computers to follow generalized sets of
operations, called programs, enables them to perform an extremely wide range of tasks.
Such computers are used as control systems for a very wide variety of industrial and consumer
devices. This includes simple special purpose devices like microwave ovens and remote controls, factory
devices such as industrial robots and computer assisted design, but also in general purpose devices
like personal computers and mobile devices such as smartphones. The Internet is run on computers and it
connects millions of other computers.
Since ancient times, simple manual devices like the abacus aided people in doing calculations. Early
in the Industrial Revolution, some mechanical devices were built to automatelong tedious tasks, such as
guiding patterns for looms. More sophisticated electrical machines did specialized analog calculations in
the early 20th century.

ACTIVITIES CHAPTER 2 :

 Look at the sentences. Circle [{] the right answer.

-A CD is used to store information.

-A computer disk contains information

-A computer mouse moves the cursor

-A laptop is more mobile than a desktop.

-A speaker gives quality sound .

84
  Read again and say whether the sentences below are true (T) or
false (F).

2. A computer must first be plugged in before it works…T….

3. A printer does not need to connect to the computer to work…F……

4. A monitor can show you what you have written…T….

5. A computer has no leads…F….

 Connecting Sentences

Complete the following sentences using First… ‘Next’… ‘Then’… :

Example:First I have to plug in the computer, next I have to connect all the leads and then I will switch it
on.

3. First I will write about the college, next I will give it to the teacher and then he will
mark it.

4. First I will use the internet, next I will print out some information and then I will put it
together.

 Answer whether the following sentences are true or false.

6. We do not need computers in our everyday lives……F…

7. Computers are used in supermarkets to identify items…T……
8. Printers can scan the work written……T…

85
 9. Word processors can be used to write stories…T…..
10. For a slide show use a spreadsheet……F….
11. Excel is a spreadsheet used to calculate budgets T…..

 Vocabulary preview

What do the words in bold mean?

1. What's on your hard drive?

b. A place to store information on computer

2. Change your Window fonts

a. the character of letters and numbers.

3. Open a file or folder

b.a piece of work saved

4. Save a file

a. store

5. You can also delete files or folders by right-clicking the file or folder and then clicking
Delete.

b. erase

6. Edit information between documents

a. change
Say if the following sentences are true (T) or false(F):

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. 1-To use the internet you don't need a modem……

2-You need to buy an internet prepaid card to connect to the internet……

3-Online means that you are connected to the internet……

4-Offline means that you are not connected to the internet……

 Answer the questions using a negative form of

'will'
Will you use the computer today?
I will notuse the computer today

Will he play with the computer games?

He will not play with the computer game

Will she write a letter to the company?

She will not write a letter to the company

Will we meet together to discuss how to use these programmes?

We will not meet together to discuss how to use these programmes

Will they scan your picture on to the computer?

They will not scan your picture on the computer

Will you type the text into the computer ?

You will not type the text into the computer

General activity :

 Say true or false :

ˆ The internet has spiders T ˆ The internet has information T

ˆ You can read your mail with email T ˆ Email is for sending clothes F

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 ˆ Downloading means to save files T ˆ Downloading is to go down F

ˆ You can buy things from the internet T ˆ You cannot buy on the internet F

ˆ Internet is used to search for things T ˆ Internet has no information F

ˆ A search engine helps find things F ˆ A search engine needs oil F

ˆ Sports results are on the internet T ˆ Internet has no sports results F

ˆ Nothing is needed to use the internet F ˆ internet costs money F

 Vocabulary Preview
Can you name these used in computers? Tick the right name.

shop online online with a internet is free one world

credit card

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 -reach the world -globe ˆ- Book online -surf the net

- -

- -network ˆ- many use - -internet files -mail box

 Look at the sentences circle the right answer.

 You can read the NEWS on the internet.

 A MODEM is needed for internet connection.
 a search engine helps to FIND information.
 you can send letters by using EMAIL
 Save your favourite web page by CLICKING favourites.
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  Connecting sentences: For example, For instance

Example: I like learning many things, for example how to use the internet.

1. I like learning many things, for instance how to use the internet.

 Use ‘for instance’ instead of ‘for example’

1. Ahmed likes to look at the internet sites, for instance yahoo.com.

2. Zaid is playing many games, for instance 'Strike Force’.

3. He likes to surf the net for information, for instance information on football .

General Warning

Biohazard

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Flammable Material Hazard

Explosive Material Hazard

Electrical Hazard

91
  High Voltage Hazard

Toxic Material Hazard

UV Light hazard

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ionizing Radiation Hazard

93