Modélisation acoustique : BEM et PML
Modélisation acoustique : BEM et PML
2016/2017
Éléments finis de frontière
Introduction aux
techniques de conditions aux limites absorbantes
pour la modélisation numérique
de problèmes acoustiques en domaines non bornés
---
Adrien Pelat
Position du problème
Propagation dans un
Problème de diffraction guide semi infini
( 1 ∂2
)
Δ− 2 2 p(x 1 , x 2 , t)=0 dans D
c ∂t
x2 ∞
∂ p( x =x )=0 sur Γ
2 0 N
P ∂ x2 D
pt=0= p 0 dans D N x1
∂
pt =0=u0 dans D
∂t
p k 1 , x 2 , =∫
0
∞
∫
∞
−∞
p x 1 , x 2 ,t e ik x
1
dx
1
1e−i t
dt
...
( ) ( )
d2 d
+i √ k −k 1 p̂ =0 ℑ [ √ k −k 1 ] < 0
2 2 2 2
+(k
2
−k
2
̂
1 ) p =0
∀
2
dx 2 dx 2
Dérivation de la condition
transparente
Condition transparente :
TF−1
( ) ( )
d t,x ∂ + Η p=0 ̂
Η . f =i √ k 2−k 21 . f̂
+i √ k −k 1 p̂ =0 avec
2 2 1
dx 2 ∂ x2
2
1 ∂
− 2 2 p x 1 , x 2 , t=0 dans D
c ∂t x2
∂ CLA
p x 2=x 0 =0 sur N
∂ x2
D
P
∂ H p=0 sur
∂ x2 CLA
N x1
pt=0= p 0 dans D
∂
pt =0=u0 dans D
∂t
Dérivation de la condition
transparente
( )
∂ + Η p=0 avec Η
Analyse de la condition transparente : ̂ . f =i √ k 2−k 21 . f̂
∂ x2
● Équation différentielle d'ordre 1 : Eq. d'ondes « aller » uniquement
● Reproduit des conditions d'espace libre (pas de réflexion)
Performances numériques :
● Approximation non uniforme dans le plan (w , k1)
● Dimensionner la CLA pour une plage de valeurs (w , k1) : fréquence / angle d'incidence
√
2
k1 k1
ℑ [ √ k −k ] < 0
2 2
1 √ k −k = k 1−
2 2
1 2
= k √1−x
2
avec x=
k k
Développement de Taylor :
● Définition générale
n
f ' ' x 0 2 f x0 n n
f x =f x 0 f ' x 0 x−x 0 x−x 0 ... x−x 0 o x −x 0
2! n!
● a
Application à la fonction (1+x) au voisinage de x=0 (position de la frontière artificielle):
a a a−1 2 a a−1a−2 3 a a−1 a−2... a−n1 n
1x =1ax x x ... o x
2! 3! n!
● Pour nous, a=1/ 2 et x ≡−x 2
Approximation à l'ordre 1
√
2
k1 k1
ℑ [ √ k −k ] < 0
2 2
1 √ k −k = k 1−
2 2
1 2
= k √1−x
2
avec x=
k k
DL à l'ordre 1 :
●
1− x ≃1 2
1 2
DL à l'ordre 2 [Enquist,1979] : 1− x ≃1− 2 x
2
1 2 1 4
DL d'ordre supérieur (>2): √ 1−x ≃1− x + x
2
●
2 8
Pour augmenter les performances de transparence (en angle d'incidence, ...)
● Abouti à un opérateur différentiel d'ordre 4 très complexe qui rend le pb très mal posé
Approximants de Padé :
● Expressions des coefficients : l = cos 2 l
2L1 βl =
2
2 L+1
sin2 (
lπ
2 L+1 )
Application à la condition transparente (x2=0) [Collino,1993] :
( √ ) k 21
[ ( )]
2
d d L k
dx 2
+i 1− 2 ̂p =0 + ik 1−∑l=1 βl 2 1 2 ̂p = 0 sur ΓCLA
k dx 2 k −α l k 1
[ ( )]
2
d L k
+ ik 1−∑l=1 βl 2 1 2 p = 0 −l k 1 l = k 1 p x 2 =0
2 2 2
dx 2 k −α l k 1
*
● Prolongement complexe dans la PML (domaine *)
Précautions :
● Affecter des CL à l'extérieur des PML
● Dimensionner le coefficient de réflexion de la PML
PML =exp( ℑ[ τ]k x 2d)
● R
● Compromis entre d et t
zs x
+
z=-l
Formalism in 2D
Introduction to PML waveguides : 1
2
Leaky modes
Modal-FE method Cross-section
Green function of the 2D half space 16
3
4
Applications
Conclusion
discontinuity
Transposition to 3D
zs x
+
z=-l
Exact solution :
Formalism in 2D
Introduction to PML waveguides : 1
2
Leaky modes
Modal-FE method Cross-section
Green function of the 2D half space 16
3
4
Applications
Conclusion
discontinuity
Transposition to 3D
zs x
+
z=-l
Exact solution :
Formalism in 2D
Introduction to PML waveguides : 1
2
Leaky modes
Modal-FE method Cross-section
Green function of the 2D half space 16
3
4
Applications
Conclusion
discontinuity
Transposition to 3D
Exact solution :
Formalism in 2D
Introduction to PML waveguides : 1
2
Leaky modes
Modal-FE method Cross-section
Green function of the 2D half space 16
3
4
Applications
Conclusion
discontinuity
Transposition to 3D
z
Computational domain : z=h
2D PML waveguide, rigid boundaries PML
x
z=-l
Wave equation : x=0 x=L
Introduction of PML :
1 Leaky modes Formalism in 2D
Formalism of the Modal-FE method : 2 Modal-FE method Cross-section
The problem 3
4
Applications
Conclusion
discontinuity
17 Transposition to 3D
z
Computational domain : z=h
2D PML waveguide, rigid boundaries PML
x
z=-l
Wave equation : x=0 x=L
Introduction of PML :
z
Computational domain : z=h
2D PML waveguide, rigid boundaries PML
x
z=-l
Wave equation : x=0 x=L
Introduction of PML :
z
z=h
PML
x
z=-l
General modal solution x=0 x=L
Constants and
1 Leaky modes Formalism in 2D
Formalism of the Modal-FE method : 2 Modal-FE method Cross-section
General modal solution 3
4
Applications
Conclusion
discontinuity
18 Transposition to 3D
z
z=h
PML
x
z=-l
General modal solution x=0 x=L
Eigensolutions of
Constants and
1 Leaky modes Formalism in 2D
Formalism of the Modal-FE method : 2 Modal-FE method Cross-section
General modal solution 3
4
Applications
Conclusion
discontinuity
18 Transposition to 3D
z
z=h
PML
x
z=-l
General modal solution x=0 x=L
and
are functions of , ,
Constants and
1 Leaky modes Formalism in 2D
Formalism of the Modal-FE method : 2 Modal-FE method Cross-section
General modal solution 3
4
Applications
Conclusion
discontinuity
18 Transposition to 3D
z
z=h
PML
x
z=-l
General modal solution x=0 x=L
Remark :
The radiation impedance can be
algebraically propagated back
Constants and
1 Leaky modes Formalism in 2D
Solution for an initial condition problem : 2 Modal-FE method Cross-section
Incident Gaussian beam 3
4
Applications
Conclusion
discontinuity
20 Transposition to 3D
Incident Infinite
Gaussian beam waveguide
PML
∞
1 Leaky modes Formalism in 2D
2 Modal-FE method Cross-section
Comparison with a full FEM 2D computation 3 Applications discontinuity
4 Conclusion
25 Transposition to 3D
FEM : Modal-FE :
N ≃ 13000 N ≃ 100
(10 nodes/) (10 nodes/ )
1 Leaky modes Formalism in 2D
Illustration in 2D : 2 Modal-FE method Cross-section
Scattered wave by an irregular ground 3
4
Applications
Conclusion
discontinuity
26 Transposition to 3D
PML
Computational domain :
3D canyon with piecewise constant cross-section
Rigid walls
Wave equation :
1 Leaky modes Formalism in 2D
An illustration in 3D : 2 Modal-FE method Cross-section
Street like geometry 3
4
Applications
Conclusion
discontinuity
29 Transposition to 3D
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