Le discours rapporté (reported speech)
On l'utilise pour rapporter les paroles ou les pensées de quelqu'un sans les citer directement.
On peut rapporter des paroles ou pensées présentes ou passées. La concordance dépend alors du verbe introducteur.
Présent : My boss says he is not happy. Mon patron dit qu'il n'est pas content.
Passé : My boss said he was not happy. Mon patron a dit qu'il n'était pas content.
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● En anglais, on utilise un verbe introducteur + THAT / Ø
● Attention! Les pronoms personnels et possessifs peuvent aussi changer.
ex : « Luke, you are my son » Darth Vader said that Luke was his son.
Luke told me Darth Vader said he was his son.
● Les marqueurs de temps et de lieu peuvent aussi changer.
ex : « I'll clean the car tomorrow » He said he would clean the car the next day.
« I cleaned the car yesterday » He said he had cleaned the car the day before.
« I live here » He said he lived there.
● Dans une question rapportée, l'ordre des mots redevient celui de la forme affirmative.
ex : « Can I help you, Jim? » He asked Jim if he could help him.
● Un ordre à l'impératif devient un infinitif.
ex : « Stop the car » He told me to stop the car.
« Don't jump! » He told her not to jump »
I/ Si le verbe introducteur est au présent, au present perfect ou associé à WILL, il n'y pas de changement de temps
dans la deuxième partie de la phrase.
Style direct Style indirect
« It's cold and I have nowhere to sleep » She says it's cold and she has nowhere to sleep.
She has just said that it's cold and that she has nowhere
to sleep.
She will say that it's cold and that she has nowhere to
sleep.
2/ Si le verbe introducteur est au prétérit, on décale les temps d'un cran dans le passé :
Style direct Style indirect
Présent Prétérit
« It's cold and I have nowhere to sleep » « She said it was cold and she had nowhere to sleep »
Present perfect Plueperfect
«I've seen you before » He said he had seen me before.
Prétérit Plueperfect
« I forgot to post the letters » John said he had forgotten to post the letters.
WILL WOULD
« I will clean the car tomorrow » He promised he would clean the car the next day.
CAN COULD
« I can swim » « He said he could swim »
MAY MIGHT
« I may go skiing tomorrow » He said he might go skiing
Les autres modaux ne changent pas : MUST, SHOULD, MIGHT, WOULD, COULD...
« You must work hard » The teacher told me I must work harder.
« You shouldn't smoke so much » The doctor said he shouldn't smoke so much.
« I would live in England if I could » Mike said he would live in England if he could.
Liste de verbes introducteurs
Complète cette liste de verbes introducteurs en utilisant l'onglet « dictionnaires » du bLOG.
Conseils :
● tu as déjà travaillé sur ces synonymes en français.
● pense bien à utiliser le dictionnaire des synonymes en priorité, en prenant toutefois son de bien vérifier le sens
de chaque verbe dans une dictionnaire unilingue ou bilingue.
● la phrase d'exemple est très importante car elle te montre la structure de phrase employée avec le verbe.
verbe phrase d'exemple
affirmation say He said that he was very happy.
simple tell He told Mary that he was very happy.
admit He admitted that he had stolen the money.
protestation protest The Irish team protested that Thierry Henry did a handball.
/désaccord disagree
conseil advise He advised his students to study well for the test.
permission allow The teacher allowed his students to leave the classroom.
exclamation exclaim He exclaimed that he had not stolen the money.
shout He shouted at her not to cross the road.
ordre tell He told John to be quiet.
order Mary ordered the children to stop screaming in the house.
question ask The policeman asked me if I had seen the thief.
wonder Bill wondered what his sister was doing. He wondered whether
she was skiing in Canada or sunbathing in Mexico.
réponse reply She replied that she was working in New York.
