In what ways does the current innovation policy in Algeria fail to meet the needs of its economy and society?

The current innovation policy in Algeria fails primarily due to its lack of clear strategic direction and insufficient engagement with societal and economic needs . The policy shows an overreliance on hydrocarbon revenues without adequately fostering other economic sectors, resulting in a weak industrial structure . Furthermore, the policy does not effectively leverage universities and research centers, nor does it encourage private sector investment in innovation, resulting in a fragmented and underperforming innovation ecosystem .

What are the critical factors for establishing a successful national innovation system in Algeria?

Establishing a successful national innovation system in Algeria requires several critical factors: a cohesive policy framework that aligns with economic and social goals, effective infrastructure investment, and mechanisms to enhance collaboration between research institutions and industry . Additionally, developing human capital through enhanced education and research opportunities is essential . Focusing on diversifying the economy beyond hydrocarbons by investing in emerging sectors can further ensure the innovation system's success .

What is the impact of human factors on the effectiveness of Algeria's national innovation system?

Human factors critically impact the efficacy of Algeria's national innovation system. The innovation system is hindered by insufficient human capital development and a lack of policy support promoting research culture and training . To achieve effective innovation, it is crucial to enhance the skills and motivations of individuals involved in research and development activities. A focus on cultivating inventive talent within educational and research institutions could potentially transform the innovation landscape in Algeria .

What strategies could Algeria employ to enhance its position in the global innovation landscape, given its current challenges?

To enhance its position in the global innovation landscape, Algeria should prioritize developing a clear national innovation strategy that addresses its specific challenges. Strategies include investing in research and development, fostering private sector innovation, and establishing more robust collaborations between universities and industry . Additionally, reforming educational curricula to focus on critical thinking and technology skills, along with providing targeted funding and incentives for emerging businesses in tech and other innovative fields, would help position Algeria more competitively on the world stage .

What role do universities play in Algeria's innovation ecosystem, and how can they be better integrated with the industry?

Universities in Algeria primarily serve as providers of human resources rather than active partners in innovation systems. Their engagement with industry is limited, focusing more on supplying graduates than contributing to industrial problem-solving or leveraging academic outputs . To better integrate with industry, universities should engage in joint research projects, facilitate knowledge transfer, and establish innovation hubs that allow for real-world application of academic research . Improving these collaborations can enhance industrial competitiveness and facilitate economic growth .

How can Algeria shift its reliance on hydrocarbon revenues to foster a more sustainable economy through innovation?

Algeria can shift reliance on hydrocarbon revenues by promoting sectors like technology and education to drive innovation and diversify its economy . Key strategies include enhancing the role of universities and research centers in economic development, investing in new technology sectors, and improving human capital through education and training . Establishing effective collaboration between academia and industry, along with fostering entrepreneurial and innovation ecosystems, can further support this transition .

How has Algeria attempted to implement electronic government, and what challenges has it faced in this effort?

Algeria has attempted to implement electronic government through projects like the `Algeria Electronics` initiative, which aims to digitize public service provision and improve administrative efficiency . However, challenges include insufficient electronic readiness, particularly in key sectors like the Ministry of Interior, and bureaucratic hurdles that slow implementation . To overcome these obstacles, continued investment in digital infrastructure and training for public servants are essential to realize the full benefits of electronic government .

In what ways does electronic administration contribute to public service reform in Algeria?

Electronic administration significantly contributes to public service reform in Algeria by promoting transparency, efficiency, and reducing costs. The use of electronic administration helps streamline processes, making public services more efficient and accessible, reducing the workload and paper dependency . Furthermore, initiatives like Algeria's electronic government project aim to facilitate services such as issuing biometric documents, indicative of a major shift towards improved national administrative capabilities .

How does the lack of effective collaboration between universities and industrial sectors affect Algeria's innovation system?

The absence of effective collaboration between universities and industrial sectors in Algeria contributes to a weakened innovation system. Universities mainly supply human resources but are not sufficiently integrated into solving industrial challenges or leveraging academic outputs for economic improvement . This disconnect between academia and industry partially stems from the government's focus on oil revenues, leading to weak industrial structures . Without effective collaboration, innovative potential remains untapped, harming Algeria's competitiveness and economic diversification .

What are the main challenges facing innovation activities in Algeria, and how can they be addressed to improve the national system of innovation?

Algeria faces significant delays in innovation activities due to a lack of clear state policies and ineffective innovation environments. These challenges manifest in the national innovation system's inability to perform its functions. To address these issues, Algeria needs to focus on infrastructure and essential investments in innovation rather than relying solely on technology transfer policies from abroad . The state must establish effective mechanisms linking universities, research centers, and economic institutions. Emphasizing human capital is crucial, recognizing the important role of researchers in creating value .

Menu de navigation ouvert

Importer

0% ont trouvé ce document utile (0 vote)

2K vues230 pages

36 31 PB

Ce document décrit un journal universitaire publié par l'Université Mohammed Seddik Ben Yahia de Jijel en Algérie. Le document contient des informations sur le journal, y compris le titre, les éditeurs et les rédacteurs en chef.

Transféré par

artmariem

Nous prenons très au sérieux les droits relatifs au contenu. Si vous pensez qu’il s’agit de votre contenu, signalez une atteinte au droit d’auteur ici.

Formats disponibles

Téléchargez aux formats PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd

0% ont trouvé ce document utile (0 vote)

2K vues230 pages

36 31 PB

Transféré par

artmariem

Nous prenons très au sérieux les droits relatifs au contenu. Si vous pensez qu’il s’agit de votre contenu, signalez une atteinte au droit d’auteur ici.

Formats disponibles

Téléchargez aux formats PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd

ISSN 2588-1884

‫ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‬- ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺑﻦ ﳛﲕ‬

‫ﻣﺠــﻠّﺔ ﻧَﻤَـــﺎء‬
‫ﻟﻼﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬


2018–
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺑﻦ ﳛﻲ – ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ -‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻧﻤـــــﺎء‬
‫ﻟﻼﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻤﻴــﺔ دورﻳﺔ دوﻟﻴــﺔ ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺗﺼـﺪر ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺑﻦ ﻳﺤﻲ ‪-‬ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ‪ -‬اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮ‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬

‫‪2018–‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﺻــﺎﻟﺢ ﻛــﻌﻮاش‬
‫ﻣﺪﯾﺮ اﻟﺠــــﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬

‫‪ ‬‬
‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر‪ :‬ﻣﺤﻤﺪ اﻟﺒﺸﯿـﺮ ﻣﺒﯿـﺮوك‬
‫ﻋﻤﯿﺪ ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮم اﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎدﯾﺔ واﻟﺘﺠﺎرﯾﺔ وﻋﻠﻮم اﻟﺘﺴﯿﯿـﺮ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر اﻟﻄﯿـﺐ ﺑﻮﻟـﺤﯿـــﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺤﻔﯿﻆ ﻣﺴﻜﯿـﻦ‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘـــﻮر ﻣـﺤﻤـﻮد ﻛﺒـﯿـﺶ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻋﯿﺴـﻰ ﻧـﺠـﯿﻤﻲ‬
‫‪  ‬اﻷﺳـــﺘﺎذ ﺳﻤﯿـــﺮ ﺳﺎﻟــــﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘـﻮر ﻛﺮﯾﻢ ﺑﻮدﺧﺪخ‬
‫اﻷﺳــــﺘﺎذ ﻣـﺤﻤﺪ ﻛـﻌﻮاش‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘـﻮر رﺷــﯿـﺪ ﻋـﻼب‬
‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﺤﻤﯿﺪ ﺑﻮﺷﺮﻣﺔ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر اﻟﻌﯿﺪ ﺻﻮﻓـــﺎن‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬

‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻋﺜﻤﺎن ﻋﻼم )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺒﻮﻳﺮة(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻛﻤﺎل رزﻳﻖ ) ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺒﻠﻴﺪة ‪(2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻫﺎرون ﺑﻮ اﻟﻔﻮل ) ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﳉﺰاﺋﺮ ‪(3‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻋﺒﺪ ا ﻴﺪ ﻗﺪي ) ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﳉﺰاﺋﺮ ‪(3‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻛﺮﱘ ﻗﺎﺳﻢ )اﳌﺪرﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎرة(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﻧﺎﺻﺮ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ورﻗﻠﺔ(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﳏﻤﺪ أﻣﲔ ﺑﺮﺑﺮي )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺸﻠﻒ(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮﻫﺎب ﺳﻮﻳﺴﻲ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﳉﺰاﺋﺮ‪(3‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﲪﺰة اﻟﻌﺮاﰊ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺒﻠﻴﺪة ‪(2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﺮاق ) اﳌﺪرﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎرة(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﻏﺮدة )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻗﺎﳌﺔ(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﺣﺴﲔ ﻳﺮﻗﻲ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﳌﺪﻳﺔ(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻣﺼﺒﺎح ﺣﺮاق )اﳌﺮﻛﺰ اﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ ﻣﻴﻠﺔ(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫أ‪.‬د‪ .‬ﺑﻮﺳﺪرة ﻓﻮزي‪) ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ دوﻛﺎل اﳉﺪﻳﺪة‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻃﻪ ﺣﺴﲔ اﻟﻨﻮي )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﳉﻠﻔﺔ(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﳌﻐﺮب(‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﳋﻀﺮ ﻣﺪاح ) ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﳉﻠﻔﺔ(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫أ‪.‬د‪ .‬ﳐﻠﻮف ﻓﺮﻳﺪ‪) ،‬اﳌﺪرﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎرة ﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﺣﻜﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺮوة )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ورﻗﻠﺔ(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﺼﺎدي‪) ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺳﺮت ﻟﻴﺒﻴﺎ(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻳﻮﻧﺲ اﻟﺰﻳﻦ ) ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻮادي(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫د‪ .‬ﺑﻮزﻳﺪ ﻋﻤﲑة‪) ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﳌﻨﺎر ﺗﻮﻧﺲ(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﲪﺰة ﻃﻴﱯ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻷﻏﻮاط(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫أ‪.‬د‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ‪) ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اوﻫﺎﻳﻮ اﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﳏﻤﺪ ﺳﻔﲑ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺒﻮﻳﺮة(‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫أ‪.‬د‪ .‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻃﺮاﺑﻠﺴﻲ‪) ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ دﰊ اﻻﻣﺎرات(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر اﻟﻴﺎس ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ) ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻮادي(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫أ‪.‬د‪ .‬ﻫﺎﱐ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻠﻄﻴﻒ‪) ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ وﻳﻠﺰ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﳏﻤﺪ ﻓﻼق ) ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺷﻠﻒ(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر اﺑﺮاﻫﻴﻢ ﺑﻠﺤﻴﻤﺮ ) اﳌﺮﻛﺰ اﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ ﺗﻴﺒﺎزة(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر اﻟﻨﻌﺎس ﺻﺪﻳﻘﻲ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﳉﻠﻔﺔ(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر اﻟﻄﻴﺐ داودي) ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﺴﻜﺮة(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻃﺎرق ﻫﺰرﺷﻲ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﳉﻠﻔﺔ(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﺣﺒﻴﺐ ﺛﺎﺑﱵ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﻌﺴﻜﺮ(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﺑﻠﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺗﻮﻳﺰة ) ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺒﻮﻳﺮة(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﳏﻤﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﻮد ﻏﺰﻳﻞ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻏﺮداﻳﺔ(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻋﻴﺴﻰ ﳒﻴﻤﻲ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﺧﻮﱐ راﺑﺢ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﺴﻜﺮة(‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻋﺒﺪ اﳊﻔﻴﻆ ﻣﺴﻜﲔ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻓﺮﻳﺪ ﻛﻮرﺗﻞ ) ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺳﻜﻴﻜﺪة(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻛﺮﱘ ﺑﻮدﺧﺪخ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﺧﺎﻟﺪ اﳋﻄﻴﺐ ) اﻷردن(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﺳﺎﻣﻲ زﻋﺒﺎط )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ(‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر اﲪﺪ اﳒﺎﻛﺎرا ) ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﺳﻄﻨﺒﻮل ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺎ(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ‬اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ة رﻗﻴﺔ ﺑﻮﺣﻴﻀﺮ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ(‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ‪ .‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺧﺜﲑ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﲬﻴﺲ ﻣﻠﻴﺎﻧﺔ(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر اﻟﻄﺎﻫﺮ ﺟﻠﻴﻂ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﳏﻤﺪ اﻟﺒﺸﲑ ﻣﻴﺒﲑوك ) ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر رﻓﻴﻖ ﻳﻮﺳﻔﻲ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺗﺒﺴﺔ(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻔﺘﺎح ﺑﻮﲬﺨﻢ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر اﻟﻌﻴﺴﺎﱐ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﺗﻨﺔ(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺷﻮﻗﻲ ﺷﻜﻮر) ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﺷﻌﺒﺎن ﻓﺮج )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺒﻮﻳﺮة(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺎذ اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻋﺒﺪ اﳊﻔﻴﻆ ﻋﻴﻤﺮ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ(‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﺑﻠﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻼل )اﳌﺮﻛﺰ اﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ اﻟﺒﻴﺾ(‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﻗﺎﺷﻲ )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺒﻠﻴﺪة ‪(2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮر ﻋﺪاﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﺠﺎل )ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻐﺎﱎ(‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪:‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﺸﺮ ﳎﻠﺔ ﳕﺎﺀ ﻟﻼﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻴﲑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﺠﻴﺐ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺃﺻﻴﻼ ﻳﺘﺴﻤﺒﺎﳊﺪﺍﺛﺔ‪،‬ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﺒﻖ ﻧﺸﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺗﻌﻬﺪﺍﹰ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲣﻀﻊ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﳏﻜﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒ‪‬ﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻼﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﲞﻂ ‪ TraditionalArabic‬ﻣﻘﺎﺱ ‪ 14‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﱳ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺱ‬
‫‪Time New‬‬ ‫‪ 12‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻮﺍﻣﺶ‪،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ ﺃﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﻓﺘﺤﺮﺭ ﲞﻂ‬
‫‪Roman‬ﻣﻘﺎﺱ ‪ 12‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﱳ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺱ ‪ 10‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻮﺍﻣﺶ‪ .‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ‪ 1‬ﺳﻢ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﳏﺼﻮﺭﺍ ﺑﲔ ‪ 10‬ﻭ ‪ 20‬ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ ‪ ،A4‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﻙ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ 2.5‬ﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻭ‪ 1.5‬ﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪2‬ﺳﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻔﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻳﺮﻓﻘﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﲟﻠﺨﺺ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‪150‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔﺑﻠﻐﺔﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺛﺎﻥ ﺑﻠﻐﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪﻡ ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ)ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻳﺮﺍﻋﻰ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻝ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ‪ :‬ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻝ ‪ ،‬ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﻭﺭﺗﺒﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳍﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻷﺧﺺ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﲨﻊ ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ ﺗﻌﱪ ﻋﻦ ﺁﺭﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﺗﺒﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻌﱪ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﺗﺮﺳﻞ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺳﻼﺕ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ‪  [rev.namaa18@[Link]]:‬‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬

‫‪< <l^èçj]<Œ†ãÊ‬‬
‫]‪ívË’Ö‬‬ ‫]‪Åç•ç¹‬‬
‫]‪íée†ÃÖ]<íÇ×Ö^e<l^‰]…‚Ö]æ<pçvfÖ‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ "ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺧﻀﺮﺍﺀ"‬
‫‪01‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻭﻱ ﲰﻴﺔ "ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻴﺪﺓ ‪& " 2‬ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﺧﲑﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﲨﻌﺔ "ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﺴﻜﺮﺓ "&ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ‪ :‬ﻛﻌﻮﺍﺵ ﳏﻤﺪ "ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ"‬

‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ :‬ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﺁﻓﺎﻕ‬

‫‪11‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﺯﻣﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ " ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻴﻠﺔ "‬

‫ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻋﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺮﻕ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ "ﺷﺮﻕ ‪-‬ﻏﺮﺏ" ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ "ﺟﻦ ﺟﻦ"‬
‫‪32‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﺃﲪﻴﺔ ﻓﺎﺗﺢ & ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﺮﻏﻴﺖ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪ "ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ"‬ ‫)ﺟﻴﺠﻞ( ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺔ )ﺳﻄﻴﻒ(‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫‪42‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﺷﺎﻃﺮ ﺷﻔﻴﻖ "ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ"‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ "ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ"‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﺂﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫‪63‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫﺓ‪ :‬ﺳﺎﻳﺢ ﻓﻄﻴﻤﺔ " ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﻴﺰﺍﻥ "‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﳓﻮ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫‪85‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﻡ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ & ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ‪ :‬ﲪﻠﺔ ﻋﺰﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ "ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﺮﺓ"‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫‪98‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺭﳝﺔ & ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫﺓ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﻳﺲ ﻧﺎﺭﳝﺎﻥ " ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺳﻄﻴﻒ ‪"1‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ )‪(2016-2009‬‬
‫ﳏﺪﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻡ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﺑﺎﻧﻞ )‪(2016-1990‬‬
‫‪108‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﺑﻦ ﺯﻳﺪﺍﻥ ﻓﺎﻃﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﻫﺮﺓ "ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻠﻒ"‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺑﲔ ﲢﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫‪126‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﺍﻟﺪﻱ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ & ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﲪﻴﺪﻭﺵ ﺍﳏﻤﺪ & ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﺻﺪﻗﺎﻭﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺍﻳﺔ " ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﲬﻴﺲ ﻣﻠﻴﺎﻧﺔ "‬

‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﻔﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺸﻔﻰ ﺑﺸﲑ ﺑﻦ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺴﻜﺮﺓ – ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫‪137‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺓ‪ :‬ﺭﺍﻳﺲ ﻭﻓﺎﺀ "ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﺴﻜﺮﺓ"‬

‫ﲢﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺪﺍﻋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻣﲔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﺗﺲ‬
‫‪153‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﺑﻠﺤﻴﻤﺮ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ " ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﺒﺎﺯﺓ " & ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﻗﻨﺪﻭﺯ ﻃﺎﺭﻕ "ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ‪" 3‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
165 (GBP/USD) ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻻﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ‬/‫ﺯﻭﺝ ﺍﳉﻨﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﻟﻴﲏ‬
" ‫ ﺑﺸﻮﻧﺪﺓ ﺭﻓﻴﻖ " ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺳﻴﺪﻱ ﺑﻠﻌﺒﺎﺱ‬:‫ ﺷﺮﻳﻔﻲ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ & ﺍﻷﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ‬

‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮ ﻭﻃﺮﻕ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺘﻪ‬

180
" ‫ﻴﺎﱐ ﺭﺿﺎ "ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﺮﺓ‬ :‫ ﲞﱵ ﻓﺮﻳﺪ & ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ‬
íéŠÞ†ËÖ]<íÇ×Ö^e<l^‰]…‚Ö]æ<pçvfÖ]
Le partenariat une option stratégique pour l’entreprise algérienne afin d’acquérir
01 la technologie et contribuer a l’amélioration des capacités locales de production.
BENDIAF Djamila & Professeur : DANI EL KEBIR Maachou"Université SIDI BEL ABBES"
Les éléments du développement économique local : pour un développement
11 durable dans la wilaya de Guelma
Docteur : ABBOUDI NADA & Professeur : FOURA Mohamed "Université Constantine 3"
@ @òîi‹ÈÛa@òÌÜÛbi@tìzjÛa
< <
ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥
!‫"א‬#$‫ א א
אدאلאאد 'ذج‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‬

"‫ﺧﻀﺮﺍﺀ‬ ‫"ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬

‫ ﻛﻌﻮﺍﺵ ﳏﻤﺪ‬.‫ﺃ‬ ‫ ﺧﲑﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﲨﻌﺔ‬.‫ﺩ‬ ‫ ﻋﻤﺮﺍﻭﻱ ﲰﻴــﺔ‬.‫ﺩ‬

"‫ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ "ﺃ‬ "‫ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﳏﺎﺿﺮ"ﺃ‬ "‫ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫﺓ ﳏﺎﺿﺮﺓ "ﺏ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﺴﻜﺮﺓ– ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬ ‫ – ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬2 ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻴﺪﺓ‬
[Link]@[Link] [Link]@[Link] Sm.amraoui123@[Link]

:‫ﺍﳌﻠﺨﺺ‬

‫ ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻄﻠﺒﺎ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎ ﻭﺣﺘﻤﻴﺎ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ‬،‫ﳝﺜﻞ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ ﳍﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ‬،‫ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻭﻟﺖ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‬.‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻫﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﺗﻪ‬
‫ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ‬،‫ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻭﻟﻨﺎ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﳓﻮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‬
‫ﻬﻮﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺬﺭﻟﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬‫ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﺻﻠﻨﺎ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺍ‬.‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ‬
.‫ﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻛﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺇﻻ ﺃ‬
.‫ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﺀ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‬،‫ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬

Abstract

The green economy represents that activity that is compatible with the environment, thus becoming a
fundamental and imperative requirement in order to reduce or mitigate environmental degradation. In this
context, Algeria is among the countries that have given priority to the green economy. Therefore, we tried to
clarify its approach towards it by addressing the reality of the green economy by focusing on its interest in
renewable energies, as well as the inclusion of some green projects or institutions of environmental concern.
What we have found is that, despite the wasteful efforts in the green economy, it is not enough.
Keywords: green economy, renewable energies, green enterprises and institutions

1 2018 ‫ ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫ א א
אدאلאאد 'ذج‪"#$‬א!‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺯ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺣﺪ ﻟﻠﺘﺪﻫﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻡ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺺ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻳﻌﺪ ﺟﺰﺀﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‪ :‬ﲣﻀﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﲢﺴﲔ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺧﻔﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺧﻔﺾ ﺍﻧﺒﻌﺎﺛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺑﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ...‬ﻭﺗﻌﺪ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﳌﻔﺮﻭﺿﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺰﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺁﻟﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ‪‬ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍ‪‬ﻬﻮﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺬﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﳓﻮﻩ؟‬
‫ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺻﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺒﺬﻝ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﳎﻬﻮﺩ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ :‬ﺪﻑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ‪ -‬ﳕﺎﺫﺝ‬
‫ﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺧﻀﺮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﻛﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻺﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻼﺙ ﳏﺎﻭﺭ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺮﻯ ‪ chapple‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﳝﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺭﺑﻊ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪) ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺒﺎﱐ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻭﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻴﻔﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻒ ﻭﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﺃﻭ ﲢﺴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺮﺕ ﻋﺪﺩﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻣﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺸﺠﻊ ﺍﳋﻄﺔ ﺍﳋﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ‪ (2019-2015‬ﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫)ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻭﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ( ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ ‪‬ﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﻛﺪﺕ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺧﻠﻖ ‪ 1421619‬ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺑﲔ‬
‫‪ 2011‬ﻭ‪ 2025‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ‪ 173000‬ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ‪ 2010‬ﰲ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ "ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﻟﻠﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ" ﺗﺸﲑ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﻌﺪﺍ‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫ א א
אدאلאאد 'ذج‪"#$‬א!‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﻪ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻠﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻳﻌﲏ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳋﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻭﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺤﺮ‪ ،‬ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻹﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻠﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﺸﺄﺕ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺄﺳﺲ ﺍﳌﺮﺻﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺮﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺭﺻﺪ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﻓﺘﻢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳊﻮﺽ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻠﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻠﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺏ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﺯﺍﺓ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﲑﺓ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺩﻋﻢ ﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﻋﱪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﰎ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﻣﻬﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﳋﻠﻖ ﻓﺮﺹ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﺸﺒﺎﺏ‪،‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ )‪.(2030-2011‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺑﺈﻃﻼﻕ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻃﻤﻮﺡ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺒﲏ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﺑﺎﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﻔﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﺳﻌﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﳒﺎﺯﻩ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ )‪ (2030-2015‬ﲝﻮﺍﱄ‬
‫‪ 22000‬ﻣﻴﻘﺎﻭﺍﻁ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ 12000‬ﻣﻴﻘﺎﻭﺍﻁ ﻣﻮﺟﻪ ﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻭ‪ 10000‬ﻣﻴﻘﺎﻭﺍﻁ ﻣﻮﺣﻬﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮ‪.4‬‬
‫ﲝﻴﺚ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻋﱪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ)‪ : (2020-2015‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ‪ 4010‬ﻣﻴﻘﺎﻭﺍﻁ‪ .‬ﻣﺘﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﻭﺿﻮﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ‬
‫ـﻮﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ‪ 515‬ﻣﻴﻘﺎﻭﺍﻁ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ) ‪ :(2030-2021‬ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺮﺍﻭﻱ )ﺃﺩﺭﺍﺭ(‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﻴﺴﻤﺢ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﳏﻄﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻋﲔ ﺻﺎﱀ‪ ،‬ﺃﺩﺭﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﺗﻴﻤﻴﻤﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺑﺸﺎﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺩﻣﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺘﻮﺯﻉ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﺳﻔﻠﻪ‪:‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ :(01‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ )ﻣﻴﻘﺎﻭﺍﻁ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ‬
‫‪13575‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫‪5010‬‬ ‫ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ‬
‫‪2000‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫‪100‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫‪400‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫‪515‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪CDER,Plan d actio strategique de l epst CDER a l’horizon [Link].:‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫ א א
אدאلאאد 'ذج‪"#$‬א!‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﱄ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‬

‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﰲ ﺁﻓﺎﻕ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2030‬ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ‪ %27‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ 22000‬ﻣﻴﻘﺎﻭﺍﻁ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﺩﺧﺎﺭ ‪ 300‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪.5‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﳋﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ‪ :‬ﺠﲔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﳍﻀﺎﺏ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﺪﺭﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﻣﻊ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﺀ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﰎ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻭﻃﲏ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﳌﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺼﺒﻮ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﳍﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻭﺩﺍﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﲣﺰﻳﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺑﺪﺀﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﳒﺎﺯ ﰲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺜﺒﻴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻤﺔ ﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ‬
‫ﻣﻼﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﰎ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻙ )‪، (FNMEER‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺏ‪ %15‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻳﺮﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻄﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻔﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﰲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 1.2‬ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ‪ :6‬ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻭﻧﺼﻮﺹ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﲤﺜﻠﺖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﺮﲰﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺯ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪:7‬‬

‫‪4‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫ א א
אدאلאאد 'ذج‪"#$‬א!‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 99-09‬ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺥ ﰲ ‪ 28‬ﺟﻮﻳﻠﻴﺔ ‪ :1999‬ﻭﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺗﻄﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺬﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﲣﻔﻴﺾ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 02-01‬ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺥ ﰲ ‪ 05‬ﻓﻴﻔﲑﻱ ‪ :2002‬ﻳﻨﺺ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺘﺢ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻨﺢ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺣﻖ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻭﺗﻮﺻﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻬﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻛﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 04-09‬ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺥ ﰲ ‪ 04‬ﺃﻭﺕ ‪ :2004‬ﲟﻮﺟﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺣﺪﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﺻﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻤﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ :2009‬ﺍﳌﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﲤﻮﻳﻠﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺣﺘﺴﺎﺏ ‪ %0.5‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻱ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 252-11‬ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺥ ﰲ ‪ 14‬ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ‪ :2011‬ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻱ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 121-16‬ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺥ ﰲ ‪ 6‬ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻞ ‪ :2016‬ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2.2‬ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﲢﻔﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺟﺒﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﲟﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ‪ 03-01‬ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺥ ﰲ ‪ 20‬ﺃﻭﺕ ‪ 2001‬ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻨﺢ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺟﺒﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﲨﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﻭﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ )‪.(99-09‬‬
‫‪ 3.2‬ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﲤﻮﻳﻠﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﺠﺴﻴﺪ ﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻭﺩﻋﻢ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﲑﺓ ﻟﻠﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻭﻣﻨﺢ ﻗﺮﻭﺽ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﻭﺿﻤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ‪.99-09‬‬
‫‪ 4.2‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻋﻤﺔ ﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻟﺘﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﺣﺎﻓﺰﺍ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺎ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻋﻘﻠﻨﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ) ‪.(APRUA‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ )‪.(NEAL‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺰﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪‬ﺘﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻬﺎ ﺑﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﺇﺫ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻫﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 1.4.2‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ )‪ 12) (CDER‬ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ‪ 1980‬ﺑﺒﻮﺯﺭﻳﻌﺔ(‪ :‬ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﺑﺈﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻃﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳍﺪﺭﻭﺟﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫ א א
אدאلאאد 'ذج‪"#$‬א!‬
‫‪ 2.4.2‬ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ‪9) UDES‬ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ‪ 1988‬ﺑﺒﻮﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺗﻴﺒﺎﺯﺓ(‪ :‬ﻣﻜﻠﻒ ﺑﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﻫﻨﺪﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳒﺎﺯ ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﺃﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﲡﺮﻳﱯ ﳕﻮﺫﺟﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﻟﺘﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺰﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 3.4.2‬ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻠﺴﻴﻮﻡ ‪ :(1988)USTD‬ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﲢﺖ ﻭﺻﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﳌﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﺝ ﰲ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻧﺼﻒ ﺍﳌﻮﺻﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﲢﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﻌﺎﺵ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 4.4.2‬ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ‪ 1999)URAER‬ﻏﺮﺩﺍﻳﺔ(‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﳌﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 5.4.2‬ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﲝﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺮﺍﻭﻳﺔ ‪ 1988) URERMS‬ﺃﺩﺭﺍﺭ(‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻠﺨﺺ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺐ ﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺮﺍﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻫﻴﻜﻠﺔ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 6.4.2‬ﺍﳌﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ )‪ : (IARE‬ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺪﻭﺭ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﰲ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﻗﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﻮﻱ ﻭﺗﺴﻴﲑ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﻬﻮﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﳍﺎﺋﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﱂ‬
‫ﲢﻆ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻞ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﱂ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﻯ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ‪ .%0.01‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﻑ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺮﻑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﳏﺴﻮﺱ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ 2016‬ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ، 2015‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺩﺧﻮﻝ ﺣﻘﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﰎ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ‪ 13‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﻌﺔ ‪ mw180‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫ﲰﺢ ﺑﺮﻓﻊ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪.%80‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺧﻀﺮﺍﺀ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺧﻀﺮﺍﺀ ) ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﳍﺠﲔ ‪) HYBRID‬ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﲝﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻞ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﰲ ﻋﲔ ﺻﺎﱀ‪-‬ﲤﻨﺮﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﳏﻄﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻲ‪ ...‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺧﻀﺮﺍﺀ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 1.1‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﰲ ﻋﲔ ﺻﺎﱀ‪-‬ﲤﻨﺮﺍﺳﺖ‪ :‬ﻭﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻹﳒﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻋﲔ ﺻﺎﱀ‪-‬ﲤﻨﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﳝﺜﻞ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﲝﺰﻡ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻹﳕﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺏ‪(.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﳍﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ )ﻋﲔ ﺻﺎﱀ( ﳓﻮ ﲤﻨﺮﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﳒﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﱪىﺎﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺳﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻟﺘﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﲤﻨﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻋﲔ ﺻﺎﱀ ﲟﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ‪700‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﳊﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺏ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻧﻘﻄﺎﻉ ‪24/24‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 90000‬ﺷﺨﺺ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2.1‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻳﺪﻣﺞ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﲝﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻛﺤﺪﻳﻘﺔ ‪ Cyberparc‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﰲ ﺳﻴﺪﻱ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫ א א
אدאلאאد 'ذج‪"#$‬א!‬

‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﱐ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺫﻛﻴﻴﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﺴﻴﲑ ﻣﻨﺴﻖ ﻭﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺣﻮﺳﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬
‫)ﺗﻜﻴﻴﻒ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﲢﻮﻝ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫ﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ( ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺧﻀﺮﺍﺀ) ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ(‪: .‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺧﻀﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻧﻔﻄﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻭﺗﺜﻤﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﳎﻤﻊ ﺻﻴﺪﺍﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻴﺪﺓ‪ ...،‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﺀ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺪﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 1.2‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺖ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﳒﺎﺯ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2004‬ﺑﺪﻋﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻧﺸﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﻓﻴﻔﺮﻱ ‪ 102007‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ ،%100‬ﺇﻳﻜﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﻫﻮ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺖ " ‪ "Bit Bait‬ﻭﺗﻌﲏ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ "ﻃﻌﻢ ﺻﻐﲑ" ﻣﻦ ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﺎﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻳﺘﺨﺬ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﺷﻜﻠﲔ ﳘﺎ‪" :‬ﻃﻌﻢ ﻫﻼﻣﻲ" ﻣﻌﺒﺄ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻘﻦ ﺃﻱ "ﺟﺎﻝ" ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﻜﻌﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﻟﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺕ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ‪02‬ﻛﻠﻎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ‬
‫ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺳﻮﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﻴﺴﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﳍﻀﻤﻲ ﺑﺪﻝ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﱯ‪ ،‬ﳏﺪﺛﺔ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻹﻣﺴﺎﻙ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﻳﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻛﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﻷﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻄﺤﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻃﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺾ‪ ...‬ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺖ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳉﺒﺲ ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲪﺾ ﺃﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺭﻳﻚ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺼﻨﻒ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ ﰲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﳋﻄﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﻄﺮﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ –ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺟﺪﺓ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ‪.-‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﺭﺍﺋﺤﺔ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﺒﺨﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻻ ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺿﺎﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﲣﺼﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻟﻪ ﻟﻠﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﺻﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﳌﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺮﺻﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬
‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ‪ %20‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺑﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻄﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﻮﺩ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻜﺎﺛﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲟﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺍﺻﲑ ﺗﺘﻐﺬﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺳﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﰲ ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﻴﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍ‪‬ﻤﻮﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺇﺑﺎﺩﺓ ﲨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ‪ %20.29‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺑﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ ‪ %33.50‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﺑﺎﺩﺓ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻌﻢ ﺍﳍﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺧﺼﻴﺼﺎ ﻹﺑﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﺍﺕ ﻳﺘﺨﺬ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺣﻘﻦ ﻣﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺰﱄ‪،‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻜﻌﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﻗﺮﺍﺹ ﻹﺑﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺭﺽ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺗﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺨﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻳﺔ ﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ‪ 03‬ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫ א א
אدאلאאد 'ذج‪"#$‬א!‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺳﺎﻟﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻱ ﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻺﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﺳﻌﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺄﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﻣﺒﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺳﻌﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﲔ ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺐ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺘﺞ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳉﺒﺲ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﳏﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﳏﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2.2‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻧﻔﻄﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﺸﺌﺖ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﲟﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 101-80‬ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪-01-01‬‬
‫‪ ،1980‬ﻭﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺗﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1982‬ﺇﱃ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1987‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﰎ ﺍﳓﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﲟﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 189-87‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺘﲔ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺘﲔ ﳘﺎ‪ :‬ﻧﻔﺘﻚ ‪ :NAFTEC‬ﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺘﻜﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﻄﺎﻝ‬
‫‪ :NAFTAL‬ﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻧﻔﻄﺎﻝ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﲤﺎﻣﺎ ﻭﳍﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻴﲑ ﺷﺆﻭ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﻕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ‪ ISO 9000‬ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ‪OHSAS 18001 ،2008‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ‪ ISO 14001‬ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ‪.122004‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﳎﱪﺓ ﻻ ﳐﲑﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﳓﻮ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺗﻔﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻡ ﻟﻠﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺳﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﻌﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﲢﺘﺮﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﲤﺲ ﲰﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻮﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﳒﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2000‬ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺗﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﰲ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﺴﻚ ﲟﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻡ ﲟﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﻴﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﺜﻞ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﳏﻮﺭﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬
‫ﲞﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻮﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﻮﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﳌﻤﺘﻠﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،13‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﻬﻮﺩﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ ﺣﻴﺚ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻧﻔﻄﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺷﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺠﲑ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻭﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﻴﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻏﻮﺍﻁ‪ ،‬ﺗﻠﻤﺴﺎﻥ‪ ...‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻭﻓﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺑﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺣﻴﺚ ﰎ ﰲ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺗﻠﻤﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ‬
‫‪14‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﺠﲑ ‪ 100‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻮﻡ ‪ 25‬ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ‪.2009‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﻋﻠﻨﺖ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻧﻔﻄﺎﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝ ﻗﺎﺭﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﱘ ﺑﺄﺧﺮﻯ ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺣﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻏﲑ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻼﻧﻔﺠﺎﺭ ﻭﻻ ﺗﺘﺂﻛﻞ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺃ‪ ،‬ﲢﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﻭﺳﻬﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﻤﻞ ﳑﺎ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻘﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﳜﻔﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺐﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﺔ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻹﻃﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺑﺪﺍﺧﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺇﺣﺎﻃﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻘﺎﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺑﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﻘﻠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻀﺠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺣﻈﻲ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﲟﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺭﲰﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﲟﺠﺮﺩ ﲡﺴﻴﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﻗﺎﺭﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺗﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﺎ ‪22‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺗﺪﺭﳚﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮﻕ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﺴﻮﻳﻖ ﻭﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻟﻴﺔ »ﻧﻔﻄﺎﻝ« ﺳﺘﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﻔﻄﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ "ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺟﻲ ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺭﺿﻴﺎﺕ"‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪‬ﺘﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﲢﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﲤﺎﺷﻴﺎ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺗﺴﻴﲑ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﺛﺔ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻼﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫‪16‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻧﺸﻐﺎﻝ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻧﻔﻄﺎﻝ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻠﻮﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ‪‬ﺘﻢ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﻓﺮﺯ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﲢﺖ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ "ﻧﻌﻢ‪ ،‬ﻹﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺗﻨﺎ‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪"Ensemble, pour donner une nouvelle vie à nos déchets‬‬

‫‪8‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫ א א
אدאلאאد 'ذج‪"#$‬א!‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻀﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﳐﻄﻄﺎ ﻟﺘﺴﻴﲑ ﻧﻔﺎﻳﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﶈﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺣﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺯ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﺋﻲ ) ‪ (Tri Sélectif‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺣﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﺄﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫• ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﻗﺎﺀ‪ :‬ﳐﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺭﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺇﻓﺮﺍﻏﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺭﻣﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺮﺍﺀ‪ :‬ﳐﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﺭﻕ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‪ :‬ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎ ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻠﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﳎﻼﺕ ﻭﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻕ ﻭﺃﻇﺮﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﺀ‪ :‬ﳐﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﺒﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﳌﻨﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻏﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﺐ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺼﺎﺋﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻛﻮﺍﺏ‪ ،‬ﻧﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﺦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻧﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻻ ﺗﺮﻣﻰ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﳌﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺑﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻠﻮﺭﺳﻨﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﺭﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺧﺮﺍﻃﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻌﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﺜﻤﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﳉﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ ﲣﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‪.‬‬
‫‪17‬‬
‫ ﲣﻔﻴﺾ ﻣﺼﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﻳﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﺎ ﻻﺣﻈﻨﺎﻩ ﻭﳌﺴﻨﺎﻩ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻈﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ )ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻧﻔﻄﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺮﻋﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﻭﻓﺮﻉ ﻏﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻤﻴﻊ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺗﺴﻮﻕ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺧﻀﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ‪ ،GNC‬ﻭﻣﻨﺘﺞ ‪ GPL/C‬ﻭﺗﺸﺠﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﺋﻬﻤﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﺎﲤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺮﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻓﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﻮﺽ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﳎﺎﻻﺗﻪ ﻭﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺰﺧﺮ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﺘﻄﻮﺭ‬
‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﻷﻥ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺇﳚﺎﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﻓﺮﺹ ﻋﻤﻞ‪ ...‬ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﺃﻥ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻏﲑ ﻛﺎﰲ‬
‫ﻣﺎﻳﺴﺘﺪﻋﻲ ﺑﺬﻝ ﳎﻬﻮﺩﺍﺕ ﺃﻛﱪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﻋﻦ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﺣﻴﺚ ﳒﺪﻫﺎ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﲟﺠﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺎﰎ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻪ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻠﻞ ﻣﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻻﳓﺮﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﲡﻨﺒﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺧﻀﺮﺍﺀ ﺃﻭ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﻠﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ‪ :‬ﻭ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﻮﺻﻲ ﺑـ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻬﻮﺽ ﺑﺎﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﺠﻊ ﺃﳕﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺧﺬ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻻﻧﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﲝﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺇﳒﺎﺯﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﻔﻮﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪9‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫ א א
אدאلאאد 'ذج‪"#$‬א!‬
‫‪ -‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺿﻤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﺮﻭﺽ ﺑﻐﺮﺽ ﺍﻗﺘﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺣﱴ ﺗﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﳍﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺭﲝﻴﺔ ﻳﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻜﺜﻴﻒ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻭﳚﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﺀـ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻭ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﻣﺶ‪:‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪Adrian [Link]& Elena Cantarello, An introduction to the green economy (Science, System& Sustainability), first‬‬
‫‪published, Routledge, New York, 2014, P03.‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻊ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻭﲢﻔﻴﺰﻩ ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪ .01‬ﻤﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻗﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪[Link] ‫ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺼﻔﺢ‪.(22:16) 2018/01/11 :‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ﻗﺤﺎﻡ ﻭﻫﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻗﺮﻕ ﲰﲑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﳌﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺧﻠﻖ ﻓﺮﺹ ﻋﻤﻞ )ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﻀﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ(‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪ ،2016‬ﺹ ﺹ ‪.450-449‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪Bilon energetique nationl [Link] de lenergie .2016.‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪CDER,Plan d actio strategique de l epst CDER a l’horizon [Link]‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ‪،‬ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ‪[Link] ،‬‬
‫‪Bilon energetique nationl [Link] de lenergie .2016.‬‬
‫‪7‬‬

‫‪ 8‬ﻧﻌﻴﻤﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻧﻮ ﰲ ﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻠﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﱃ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﲝﺚ ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫‪.CDER.2‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬
‫‪ 9‬ﻗﺤﺎﻡ ﻭﻫﻴﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻗﺮﻕ ﲰﲑ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺹ ﺹ‪.453-452‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪[Link] -safe-protection‬‬
‫‪ 11‬ﺣﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ "ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﺯﻳﻨﻮ" ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﻭﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻋﺘﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﺎﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺟﻨﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﰊ‬
‫ﻟﻼﺧﺘﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﻟـ ''ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻧﻴﻮﺯ''‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺖ‪ 24 ،‬ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ ‪.2010‬‬
‫‪[Link]
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪Présentation de la Société NAFTAL, , Mai 2014, p 6.‬‬
‫‪13‬‬
‫‪[Link]
‫‪14‬‬
‫‪Revue NAFTAL NEWS: Communication, Innovation, Progrès, Avril 2010, N°11 , P27.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬
‫ﺣﺒﻴﺒﺔ ﳏﻤﻮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻗـﺎﺭﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺯ ﺑـﺘﺼﻤﻴـﻢ ﻭﺷﻜﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻳـﻦ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺮ ﰲ ﺟﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﰲ ‪2014-12-29‬‬
‫‪[Link]
‫‪16‬‬
‫‪Revue NAFTAL NEWS : Communication, Innovation, Progrès, Novembre 2013, N°14 , P17.‬‬
‫‪17‬‬
‫‪Ibid, P21.‬‬

‫‪10‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

< <
ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥
‫ "و! ق‬#$:‫وא مא
אא‬

‫ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬

"‫"ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﺁﻓﺎﻕ‬

‫ ﺯﻣﻮﺭﻱ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ‬.‫ﺩ‬
"‫ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﳏﺎﺿﺮ"ﺏ‬
‫ ﻣﻴﻠﺔ– ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬،‫ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ‬
kzemouri@[Link]

:‫ﺍﳌﻠﺨﺺ‬

،‫ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺃﻋﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﲔ ﻭﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‬
‫ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺑﺘﺄﺳﻴﺲ‬.‫ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻷﻭﺳﺎﻁ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺑﻐﺮﺽ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ ﻭﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﺆﻟﻒ ﲟﺠﻤﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬،‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
.‫ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‬
‫ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬،‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﻇﻬﻮﺭﻩ ﻣﺘﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﳊﺠﻢ‬
‫ ﻭﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﻋﻼﻣﻲ ﻳﺸﺠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ‬،‫ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ‬،‫ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺪﺍﺙ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬
.‫ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﻐﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﰲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻡ‬،‫ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
.‫ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬،‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬،‫ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬

Abstract

Innovation results from multiple interactions of a group of economic agents and enterprises, it forms a
series of processes and relationships between industrial branches, public authorities, research institutions and
the university community in order to develop scientific research and technological development. On this
basis, Algeria has established a national system of innovation that reflects the importance attached to science
and technology, this system includes compounds and elements that constitute an integrated a system which
aimed to achieve innovation at the national level.
After the diagnosis status of the national innovation system in Algeria and his appearance is low, both
in terms of quality and size, it is necessary to strengthen national legislation to encourage innovation, in
addition to the creation of a national agency for innovation, technical Center sand technology transfer centers
and the establishment of an information system that encourages information exchange and communication
between industrial enterprises, universities and research centers to move from situational innovation to
sustainable innovation.
Keywords: Innovation, National innovation system, scientific research and technological development,
Algeria.
.

11 2018 ‫ ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫وא مא
אא‪" #$:‬و! ق‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻞ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺗﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﻌﺒﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﺆﻟﻒ ﲟﺠﻤﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻳﻄﻠﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﻛﻤﺪﺧﻞ ﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪،‬ﻭﻧﻈﺮﺍ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻨﺠﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻘﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﺠﺔ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺑﺘﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﳝﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺪﺍﺙ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﰎ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻘﻼﻻﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﲑ ﰲ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺨﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ 1998‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﳊﺰﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻔﻘﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‬
‫ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺿﻌﺎ )ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ (88‬ﻭﺳﻴﺌﺎ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ )ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ (110‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺪﻯ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻭﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ )‪.(2018‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻘﺎ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺗﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺗﺄﺧﺮﺍ ﻛﺒﲑﺍ‬
‫ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﺪﺧﻼﺗﻪ ﺃﻭ ﳐﺮﺟﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﱯ ﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﺟﺰﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻣﻬﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻫﺎ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺑﺎﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱂ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﲟﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﰲ ﺣﺪ ﺫﺍﺗﻪ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﲡﺎﻭﺯ ﻣﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﲎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﺎﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺃﻣﺮﺍ ﺣﺎﲰﺎ ﻭﻣﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ‬
‫ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﻟﻦ ﻳﺼﺎﺩﻑ ﳒﺎﺣﺎ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻧﻈﺮﺓ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺯ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻛﻜﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﻤﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ‪،‬ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻝ ﺍﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻞ ﻭﻓﻘﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻃﲏ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ؟ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻀﻤﺎﻥ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ؟‬
‫ﻭﻟﻺﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﰎ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻔﻪ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ؟‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻃﲏ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﻋﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ؟‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻣﺎ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ؟ ﻭﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ؟‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺪﺭﻙ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻭﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﰎ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻛﺒﲑ ﰲ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﲢﻮﻟﺖ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻃﲏ‬
‫ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺄﰐ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‪،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﳝﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻹﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﺘﺤﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻹﳒﺎﺡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫‪12‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫وא مא
אא‪" #$:‬و! ق‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺷﱴ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﺳﻴﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﲦﺔ ﺗﺜﻤﲔ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻴﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻐﺰﻭ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻤﻦ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﲔ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻷﻥ ﲡﺴﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﻫﺬﻫﺎﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻋﱪ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻟﻪ ﻭﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﻴﻠﺔ ﺑﺪﻋﻢ ﻭﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﲟﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﻭﺇﻟﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻤﻪ ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻬﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺍﻋﻲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻪ ﰲ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺃﺩﺍﺋﻪ؛‬
‫ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﻋﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﺑﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻳﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﻟﻦ ﻳﺼﺎﺩﻑ ﳒﺎﺣﺎ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺎ ﺇﻻ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻧﻈﺮﺓ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺯ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻛﻜﻞ؛‬
‫ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ )ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ‪ ،(...‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ "ﺷﻨﻐﻬﺎﻱ" ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫"ﻭﻳﺒﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﻜﺲ ‪ "2018‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﺮﺩﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﻭﳒﺎﻋﺔ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ؛‬
‫ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺧﻠﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﲔ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ؛‬
‫ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻵﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﺑﻐﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﰲ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻫﺎﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺻﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻨﺎﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﰎ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﰲ ﲨﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﻣﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﻋﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺃﺩﺍﺋﻪ‪،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﱃ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﻹﳌﺎﻡ ﲜﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺭﺗﺄﻳﻨﺎ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﶈﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﻋﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﺪﺭﳚﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺮﺍﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺗﺒﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺷﺒﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬

‫‪13‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫وא مא
אא‪" #$:‬و! ق‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﳚﻌﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﰐ ﻫﺎﺩﻑ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻋﱪ ﺭﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﲡﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﲤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﲢﺼﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻲ ﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﻠﺖ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ "ﻛﺮﻳﺴﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﺮﳝﺎﻥ"ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ ،1982‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻀﻮﺍ ﰲ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪،‬ﻣﺘﺒﻨﻴﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺁﺭﺍﺀ "ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺭﻳﻚ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ" ﻭﻣﻠﺨﺼﺎ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻩ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺎﻗﺶ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳊﺮﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻥ ﺗﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﻧﻄﻠﻖ "ﻓﺮﳝﺎﻥ" ﻣﻦ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻪ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﱐ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﳋﺺ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ"ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﻭﺱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ" ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1987‬ﺃﻫﻢ ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﻭﺑﻠﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺫﻫﺐ "ﻟﻴﻮﻧﺪﻓﺎﻝ" ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ "ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ" ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1992‬ﺇﱃ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﲔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺘﲔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﲟﺪﺧﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﳘﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ "ﻧﻴﻠﺴﻮﻥ" ﻓﺸﺮﺡ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪1988‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﻣﺘﺄﺗﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺮﲰﻲ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺮﲰﻲ‪ ،‬ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻋﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﲔ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪.1‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻄﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺒﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﺧﻠﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪:2‬ﻳﻌﱪ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ )ﺍﳉﺰﺋﻲ( ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺑﻴﺌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳜﺺ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ )ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ( ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻔﺤﺺ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﳌﺘﺸﺎ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺃﺟﺰﺍﺀ‪ :‬ﻓﺎﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻳﻌﲎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻀﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺭﺿﲔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻳﻌﲎ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺮﻛﺰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺘﻼﺕ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻳﻌﲎ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﲝﻴﺚ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﰲ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﲑﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻘﲔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻛﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻛﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺗﺘﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺷﻬﺪ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﻟﻔﻬﻢ ﺍﻹﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺭﻛﺰ"ﻓﺮﳝﺎﻥ" ﰲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﲑﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ "ﻟﻴﻮﻧﺪﻓﺎﻝ" ﰲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﻧﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﻛﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺧﻠﲔ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﲑﺍ"ﻧﻴﻠﺴﻮﻥ" ﻓﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﺩﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﺦ ﺍﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ"ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ" ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﲰﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻲ ﻋﱪ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪14‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫وא مא
אא‪" #$:‬و! ق‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺮﻑ"ﻟﻴﻮﻧﺪﻓﺎﻝ" ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺗﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﰲ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻦ‪ .3‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻫﻨﺎﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﻯ "ﻣﺮﻳﺎﰐ" ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻫﻮ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻳﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﻧﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺗﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺩﻓﺎﻋﻴﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻦ‪.4‬‬
‫ﺇﺫﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻫﻮ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﲡﺴﻴﺪ ﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﲢﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﳏﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﻠﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺪﺭﻭﺳﺔ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﻣﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﻭﳐﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻭﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﻣﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﺗﻘﺎﺱ ﳐﺮﺟﺎﺗﻪ ﲟﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺰﺯ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪ ﻛﺎﻹﺧﺘﺮﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﲡﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻓﻨﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻇﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ )‪ (Framework‬ﻳﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﱪﺯﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ :1‬ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺒﺴﻄﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬

‫الحكومة‬

‫الجامعات‬ ‫مراكز‬

‫المعرفة‬
‫الصناعة‬ ‫رأس المال‬ ‫المؤسسات‬
‫المورد البشري‬

‫السوق‬ ‫متعاملين‬

‫بيئة السياسة الوطنية‬

‫للعلموالتكنولوجيا‬

‫بيئة السياسة الكونية‬

‫للعلموالتكنولوجيا‬

‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﻳﺰﺓ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﳌﲔ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺪﺍﻉ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻴﲑ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻗﺎﳌﺔ‪ 16 ،‬ﻭ‪ 17‬ﻧﻮﻓﻤﱪ ‪ ،2008‬ﺹ‪.267 :‬‬
‫ﻳﺒﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺒﺴﻄﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﻟﻴﺲ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﻞ ﻫﻮ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ )ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ‪ (...‬ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺪﺧﻠﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺍﳌﺆﻫﻞ ‪‬ﺪﻑ‬

‫‪15‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫وא مא
אא‪" #$:‬و! ق‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻼﺣﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻛﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻃﺒﻌﺎ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﶈﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺎ ﳛﺪﺙ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺧﻴﺺ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻟﺘﻌﺪﺩ ﺃﻗﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻔﻪ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺫﻛﺮ ‪(Jacobson et‬‬
‫)‪ Johnson‬ﲬﺲ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻫﻲ‪:5‬‬
‫ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ؛‬
‫ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ؛‬
‫ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ؛‬
‫ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ؛‬
‫ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺗﻮﻓﲑﻫﺎ ﻛﺮﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻔﻪ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﲟﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺎﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻷﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﳏﺎﻭﺭ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ )ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﲏ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ )ﻣﻌﺪﻝ‬
‫ﺗﺒﲏ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ( ﻭﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ )ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺗﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺹ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﻋﺔ ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻫﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺜﻞ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻋﻮﺍﺋﺪﻩ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺃﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻋﺰﺯﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺋﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺘﻜﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﻧﺸﺮﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ‪ -‬ﻛﺎﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﲏ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻲ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺿﺦ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﳏﺪﺩﺓ ﳚﺮﻱ ﻭﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﳏﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺃﺑﻮﺍﺏ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﺆﺳﺴﻴﺔﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:6‬‬
‫ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺗﻨﻈﻢ ﻋﻘﻮﺩ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻭﻋﻘﻮﺩ ﺷﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻃﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﲪﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﻭﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﳏﻔﺰﺓ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺷﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﲢﻔﻴﺰ ﺿﺮﻳﱯ ﻭﻣﺎﱄ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻺﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﲤﻨﺢ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼﺕ ﺿﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﲨﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﺠﻊ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺭﺃﲰﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻧﻔﺎﻕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻛﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﱄ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﻟﺘﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ‪ %3‬ﻣﺜﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻗﻄﺮﻳﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻟﻮﻗﻒ ﻫﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻝ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺇﻥ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪16‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫وא مא
אא‪" #$:‬و! ق‬
‫ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﲤﺜﻞ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻮﻃﻦ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﲢﺼﻞ ﻫﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻨﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﺋﺪﻩ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻯ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺨﺒﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺯﻱ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﰲ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ ‪‬ﺪﻑ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﺲ ﻭﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺘﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻭﺗﺒﲏ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺭﺑﻂ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺎ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺭﺑﻄﺎ ﳏﻜﻤﺎ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻹﻋﺘﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺎ ﻭﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺧﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﻭﻫﺎﺩﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺘﻢ ﺑﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﻭﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﻭﺇﺻﻼﺡ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺩﻭﺭﻳﺎ ﰲ ﺃﺩﺍﺋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻟﻸﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻮﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﲔ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﱪ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ ﳏﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺪﺭﻭﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎﺗﺎﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﺪﺍﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﳊﺎﺿﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻼﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺍ ﰲ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﻧﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﺍﺯ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﰒ ﲢﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﲢﺪﺩ ﺃﺩﺍﺀﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﺑﻮﺟﻪ ﻋﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺗﻄﺮﺡ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺣﺼﺮ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﻋﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﻌﲔ ﻭﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﻟﻠﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺼﻠﺢ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﺍ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﺣﺎﻭﻟﻮﺍ ﺣﺼﺮ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻴﺰ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﻋﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:7‬‬
‫ ﺗﺮﺗﻜﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻘﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﻳﺔ؛‬
‫ ﺗﺒﲏ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻫﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﺗﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﺠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺪﻣﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﲤﺮﻛﺰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺎﺕ؛‬
‫ ﲤﻠﻚ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻟﺘﺜﻤﲔ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﻜﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﺭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﻌﺒﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﺪﻭ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺷﺮﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺫﻭﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ ﺍﳋﻼﻕ؛‬
‫ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺑﺈﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻣﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﺅﻭﺳﲔ ﻭﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﻋﺔ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﲤﺜﻞ ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺪﻭﺭ ﺣﻮﻟﻪ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻗﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺇﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻠﺘﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻧﻮﺭﺩ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﻨﺪﻱ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ "ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺒﻚ"‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺒﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺃﻳﻦ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺪﻋﺔ )ﺍﳌﺒﺘﻜﺮﺓ(‪:‬‬

‫‪17‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫وא مא
אא‪" #$:‬و! ق‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ‪ :2‬ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺭﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﻝﻘﺎﻨﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺠﺒﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻵﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﺘﻌﺎﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﺩﻋﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ --‬ﺒﺤﺙ ﻭﺘﻁﻭﻴﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﻤﻭﻴل‬
‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫‪ --‬ﺤﻴﺎﺯﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺃﺴﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ --‬ﺍﻷﻓﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺎﻁﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻫﺩ‬ ‫‪ --‬ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻴﺭﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺠﺎﺭﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﺸﺭﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ‬

‫‪Source: Research report for an overview of Quebec’s innovation system, MDEIE, Quebec,‬‬
‫‪Canada,2013, P:03.‬‬
‫ﻳﺒﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺪﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﲨﺎﻻ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲣﺼﺼﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺃﻭﳊﻴﺎﺯﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺫﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﺭﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳍﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳍﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﺎﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺗﻐﺬﻱ ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺗﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺆﻛﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﺘﺒﺪﻉ ﲟﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺗﻌﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻄﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻴﺌﺘﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﳏﺪﺩﺍﺕ ﺣﺎﲰﺔ ﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﰲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺘﻔﺎﻋﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬
‫ﳏﺪﺩﺓ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺃﻭﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﶈﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺄﺛﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺒﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﳏﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﳏﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﺰﺍﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻐﲑ ﺍﲡﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻹﲡﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻧﺬﻛﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻩ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ‪،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻔﺮﺽ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻭﺉ‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻟﻌﺰﻟﺔ ﺑﲔ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺑﲔ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﱴ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﳍﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺣﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻛﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﲔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻣﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺟﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻮﻳﻖ‪...‬‬
‫ ﺍﻹﲡﺎﻩ ﳓﻮ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻘﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﲤﺜﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻄﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﻭﺩﻗﺔ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﳏﻴﻄﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﺪﻋﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ‬

‫‪18‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫وא مא
אא‪" #$:‬و! ق‬
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺴﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﲡﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺮﻉ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻭﺑﻌﺜﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﲔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﲑﺍ ﲣﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﺒﻮﻳﺒﻬﺎ ﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻛﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺒﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﲔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﲢﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﳍﺬﺍ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻴﻘﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ ﺍﻹﲡﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‪ :‬ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻭﻗﺪﺭﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺣﺠﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻷﻭﱃ ﺗﻌﲏ ﻋﻘﻮﺩ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺀ ﺇﻣﺎ ﺃﻓﻘﻴﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻳﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻭﺯﺑﺎﺋﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻣﻮﺭﺩﻳﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻔﺎﺕ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻻ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﳐﺎﺑﺮ ﲝﺚ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﲔ ﺑﺒﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﻭﳝﻠﻚ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻛﻞ ﻃﺮﻑ ﰲ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﲟﻌﺰﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﳉﻮﻱ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺃﻳﻦ ﺗﻠﺠﺄ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺎﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻋﻘﻠﻨﺔ ﳐﻄﻄﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻼﺕ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺳﻮﻕ ﻳﻬﻴﻤﻦ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺭﺍﺋﺪ ﻭﺣﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻠﻘﺎﻩ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ "‪ "linux‬ﻟﺘﻘﺪﳝﻪ ﻛﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻋﻦ "‪،"windows‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺑﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﲟﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﲢﺎﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﰲ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﶈﺮﺯ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺯﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﺃﻭ ﳐﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻼﺕ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﺎﱄ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺻﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﻋﻘﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺧﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻘﻘﻬﺎ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺗﺼﻨﻒ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ )ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ( ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:8‬‬
‫ ﺍﻹﻧﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﱄ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ؛‬
‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﻐﻠﲔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ؛‬
‫ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﻠﺔ؛‬
‫ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ؛‬
‫ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﱪﻣﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ؛‬
‫ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ؛‬

‫‪19‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫وא مא
אא‪" #$:‬و! ق‬
‫ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ؛‬
‫ ﺍﻹﻧﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ؛‬
‫ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﻭﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺻﻨﺔ؛‬
‫ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺳﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻮ ﺍﻷﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ؛‬
‫ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ؛‬
‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ؛‬
‫ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺋﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻛﺤﻮﺍﻓﺰ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺘﺮﻋﲔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﺍﻣﺘﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﺎﲰﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﲝﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻹﳒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺩﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻭﻓﺮﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﻫﻴﺄﺕ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻖ ﺟﺴﺮ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﲤﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺤﺪﺍﺙ ﺃﻗﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﰲ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻹﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﺍﳌﻘﻴﻤﲔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳋﺎﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻄﺮﺡ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻫﻮ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻱ ﺣﺪ ﺳﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻜﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻗﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﲤﻜﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﳝﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻹﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﺮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﺘﺤﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻓﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻲ ﻭﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻹﳒﺎﺡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺷﱴ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﺳﻴﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﲦﺔ ﺗﺜﻤﲔ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻴﻤﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻐﺰﻭ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺠﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎﺗﻮﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
‫ﺗﺆﻟﻒ ﲟﺠﻤﻮﻋﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻮﺯﻉ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ‪:9‬‬
‫ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﳑﺜﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺑﺼﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺷﱴ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻧﺸﺊ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﲏ ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻮﺯﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺍﺯﺍﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ؛‬
‫ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﳑﺜﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻛﻞ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺎﻛﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻫﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﻲ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﰎ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻫﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﰲ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻣﻬﺎﻣﻪ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﺜﻠﺖ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﰲ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﲏ؛‬

‫‪20‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫وא مא
אא‪" #$:‬و! ق‬
‫ ﻳﻀﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳍﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺎﺭﺱ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ‬
‫ﻭﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﳐﺎﺑﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳍﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﰐ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻨﻨﺎ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻀﻌﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ‬
‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﻘﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﱯ ﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﲡﺴﻴﺪﺍ ﻟﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﲢﻜﻤﻬﺎ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﻭﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻣﻌﻠﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﺮﺽ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺒﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ :‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻳﺼﺪﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺪﻯ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺪ ﻣﺮﺟﻌﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻋﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭ ﻟـ ‪ 140‬ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﶈﺴﻨﺔ ﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻭﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﲢﺖ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ‪ 12‬ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍ ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﻔﺮﻉ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻼ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻠﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ ‪ 92‬ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ ﺑـ ‪ 53.8‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،2018‬ﻣﺘﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺑﺴﺘﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ )‪ (2017‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺣﺘﻠﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ ‪ ،86‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪11‬ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔﻣﻐﺎﺭﺑﻴﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﺗﻮﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺼﺪﺭﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﺣﺘﻼﳍﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ ‪27‬ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺎﺩﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺑـ ‪ 85.6‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺴﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ ﺑـ ‪ 83.5‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﰒ ﺃﳌﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺑـ ‪ ،82.8‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻠﺖ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 5‬ﺑـ‬
‫‪ 82.5‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻭﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 17‬ﺑـ ‪ 78‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‪.10‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺪﻯ ﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﰐ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺘﻠﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ‪ 120‬ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪88‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 106‬ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻓﺠﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 111‬ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﶈﺮﻙ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﻃﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺣﻘﻖ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺿﻌﺎ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﻝ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻧﺎﻫﻴﻚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻓﺠﻮﺓ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻮﻑ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺒﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫‪21‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫وא مא
אא‪" #$:‬و! ق‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ :1‬ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﶈﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪2018‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻹﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪83‬‬ ‫‪09‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﻛﻤﻌﺪﻝ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻷﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﺍﶈﻤﻮﻝ‪...‬‬
‫ﻗﻠﺔ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻌﻒ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻹﻟﺘﺤﺎﻕ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ؛‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ‪ -‬ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﻬﲏ؛‬
‫‪88‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ؛‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‪.‬‬
‫ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﲣﻠﻔﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫‪113‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻗﻮﺓ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ )ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ(‬
‫ﺿﻌﻒ ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺧﻠﻖ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ؛‬
‫ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻹﻧﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ؛‬
‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪106‬‬ ‫‪11‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪World Economic Forum, the global competitiveness report 2018, Geneva, Switzerland, 2018, PP: 59-61.‬‬
‫ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺗﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻛﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﲤﺜﻞ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﺎﻓﺲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻷﺳﻌﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺑﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﺟﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﺨﻔﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺰﻯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺊ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺿﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺗﺐ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 09‬ﻭﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ ،83‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻌﺎ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻭﻧﻘﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻠﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 11‬ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 88‬ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﻓﻖ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﳌﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﺨﺎﻣﺔ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻹﻧﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺃﻃﻮﺍﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻓﻸﺳﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﺟﺎﺀ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﻓﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪11‬ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻠﺖ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 113‬ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﲣﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﺎﺷﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﺛﺒﻂ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻫﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﲑﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﱃ ﻏﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪22‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫وא مא
אא‪" #$:‬و! ق‬
‫ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 11‬ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺎ ﻭ‪ 106‬ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻀﻌﻴﻒ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺠﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻹﻧﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻳﺘﺒﲔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺓ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻟﻸﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ :‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‬
‫ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺼﺪﺭ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ ﻣﻨﺬ ‪ 2007‬ﻳﻔﺮﺽ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻛﻤﺮﺟﻊ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺓ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﻭﻭﺍﺿﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩﻩ ﻭﻧﺸﺮﻩ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫"ﻛﻮﺭﻧﻴﻞ" ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﰊ ﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻭﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺑﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﺤﺮﻙ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﻮ ﻭﺍﻹﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺻﺪﻭﺭ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪2018‬ﲢﺖ ﺷﻌﺎﺭ " ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﳝﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ" ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻌﻘﺐ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ‪ 126‬ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﰲ ﺃﳓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﰲ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻔﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 80‬ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍ ﻭﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺎ ﻣﻮﺯﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﺃﲰﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻷﲝﺎﺙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﳐﺮﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‪،‬ﻭﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻮﺃ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 110‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻞ ‪ 126‬ﺑﻠﺪﺍ ﺑﻌﻼﻣﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ‪ 23.8‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﲣﻠﻔﺖ ﲟﺮﺗﺒﺘﲔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺴﻨﺔ ‪ 2017‬ﺃﻳﻦ ﺣﻘﻘﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ ،108‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺟﺪ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﻻ ﺗﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻼﺩ ﻧﻈﲑ ﻣﺎ ﲤﺘﻠﻜﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﲤﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪.11‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 12‬ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ‪ ،38‬ﻗﻄﺮ ‪ ،51‬ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ ‪ ،60‬ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ‪ ،61‬ﺗﻮﻧﺲ ‪ ،66‬ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ‪ ،76‬ﻣﺼﺮ ‪ ،95‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻬﺎﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ‪ ،58‬ﻣﻮﺭﻳﺸﻴﻮﺱ ‪ ،75‬ﻛﻴﻨﻴﺎ ‪،78‬‬
‫ﺑﻮﺗﺴﻮﺍﻧﺎ‪ ،91‬ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺒﻴﺎ ‪ ،93‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻴﻐﺎﻝ‪ ،100‬ﺃﻭﻏﻨﺪﺍ‪ ،103‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﺮﻱ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﶈﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﲡﻌﻠﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺴﺎﺀﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺸﺮﺓ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻦ‪ ،‬ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺗﺴﺎﻉ ﺍﳍﻮﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﺑﲔ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺌﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻠﺖ ﺳﻮﻳﺴﺮﺍ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻫﻮﻟﻨﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﻓﺎﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻓﻨﻠﻨﺪﺍ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﳕﺎﺭﻙ ﻭﺃﳌﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﲑ ﻣﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮﺓ ﻋﱪ ﻗﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﻌﺪ ﳏﺘﻜﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺣﻘﻘﺖ ﺑﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺁﺳﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ ‪ ،5‬ﻛﻮﺭﻳﺎ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺑﻴﺔ ‪،12‬ﻫﻮﻧﻎ ﻛﻮﻧﻎ ‪14‬ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻛﺪﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﻧﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻗﻮﻳﺎ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻳﺪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ ،3‬ﻓﻨﻠﻨﺪﺍ ‪،7‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﳕﺎﺭﻙ ‪ ،8‬ﺍﻟﻨﺮﻭﻳﺞ ‪ 19‬ﻭﺍﻳﺴﻠﻨﺪﺍ ‪.23‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﲡﻤﻊ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻨﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ "ﺷﻨﻐﻬﺎﻱ" ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ "ﻭﻳﺒﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﻜﺲ ‪ "2018‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﺮﺩﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﻭﳒﺎﻋﺔ ﻧﻈﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ "ﺷﻨﻐﻬﺎﻱ" ﻷﻓﻀﻞ ‪ 500‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،2018‬ﻏﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﳎﺪﺩﺍ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻛﻌﺎﺩ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺪﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺣﻠﺖ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ "ﻫﺎﺭﻓﺎﺭﺩ" ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ "ﺳﺘﺎﻧﻔﻮﺭﺩ"‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ "ﻣﺎﺳﺎﺗﺸﻮﺳﻴﺘﺲ" ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ "ﻛﺎﻟﻴﻔﻮﺭﻧﻴﺎ‪-‬ﺑﺮﻛﻠﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻓﺎﺯﺕ‬

‫‪23‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫وא مא
אא‪" #$:‬و! ق‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺑـ ‪ 16‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺗﺐ ‪ 20‬ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﺖ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ‪ 100‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻫﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺃﻱ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ "ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ" ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺎ ﲝﻠﻮﳍﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺑﲔ ‪101‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ ،150‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ‪ 500‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺗﺒﻌﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻭﺭﻭﺑﺎ ﺗﺘﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑـ ‪ 195‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑـ ‪ 167‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﺁﺳﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻱ ﺑـ ‪ 133‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻭﺃﺧﲑﺍ ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﺑـ ‪ 5‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ‪.12‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻆ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2018‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻧﺸﺮﻩ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ "ﻭﻳﺒﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﻜﺲ" ﰲ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻏﺎﺑﺖ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺃﺭﻗﻰ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺬﻳﻠﺖ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪،‬ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 1792‬ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 28‬ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺎﻟﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻑ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ "ﺍﻹﺧﻮﺓ ﻣﻨﺘﻮﺭﻱ ـﻘﺴﻨﻄﻴﻨﺔ‪،"1‬ﻭﺗﺄﰐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ"ﻫﻮﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺑﻮﻣﺪﻳﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ" ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 2316‬ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ "ﺑﺎﺗﻨﺔ" ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪.132496‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻀﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ "ﺟﻴﻼﱄ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺲ ﺑﺴﻴﺪﻱ ﺑﻠﻌﺒﺎﺱ" ‪،2602‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ "ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻘﺎﻳﺪﺑﺘﻠﻤﺴﺎﻥ" ‪ ،2626‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ "ﲜﺎﻳﺔ" ‪ ،2878‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ "ﳏﻤﺪ ﺧﻴﻀﺮ ﺑﺒﺴﻜﺮﺓ" ‪ ،3046‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ "ﻓﺮﺣﺎﺕ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺑﺴﻄﻴﻒ"‬
‫‪،3119‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ "ﻗﺎﺻﺪﻱ ﻣﺮﺑﺎﺡ ﺑﻮﺭﻗﻠﺔ" ‪ ،3135‬ﻭﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ "ﺑﺎﺟﻲ ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﺑﺔ" ‪ ،3343‬ﻭﺍﳌﻔﺎﺟﺌﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺻﻒ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻛﻔﺊ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻦ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﻣﺘﺄﺧﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﻨﻔﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 94‬ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ‬
‫‪ 3399‬ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻟﻺﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻵﱄ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﺘﺮﻁ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ‪ 16‬ﰲ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﻟﻮﺭﻳﺎ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪‬ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻜﺘﻔﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 4639‬ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ ﻭ‪ 171‬ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﲝﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻌﻴﺪ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻫﻴﻤﻨﺘﺎﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ "ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ" ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺍﺣﺘﻠﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ‪ 760‬ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ "ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ" ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ ،1139‬ﰒ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ "ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺭﺓ"‪ ،1289‬ﻓﺎﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‬
‫‪ ،1323‬ﻭﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ"ﻋﲔ ﴰﺲ" ‪ ،1394‬ﰒ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ "ﺑﻨﻬﺎ" ‪.1767‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺍﳌﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺼﻨﻒ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺸﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻻ ﺗﻠﻘﻲ ﺑﺴﻤﻌﺔ ﺑﻠﺪ ﲝﺠﻢ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﱐ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻟﺔ ﺭﻏﻢ ﻣﺎ ﲣﺼﺼﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﱪ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﺍ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻬﲏ ﻻ ﻏﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻗﺪ ﳒﺤﺖ ﰲ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺲ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺗﺬﺓ ﻭﻗﻠﺔ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻭﺣﻘﻴﻘﺘﻪ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻐﲑﺕ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻱ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ )ﻝ ﻡ ﺩ( ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ ‪ ،2005/2004‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻊ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﻭﻫﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﻫﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﳊﺎﺿﺮ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ‪ 106‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﺗﺘﻮﺯﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 48‬ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 1000‬ﳐﱪ ﲝﺚ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺠﻞ ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺎﺭﺏ ‪ 1432283‬ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺳﺠﻞ ﰲ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﻃﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻬﻢ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ 323800‬ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﺩ ﺍﳊﺎﺋﺰﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻜﺎﻟﻮﺭﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺆﻃﺮﻫﻢ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 57627‬ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻢ ‪ 23556‬ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻭﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﳏﺎﺿﺮ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﻮﻇﻴﻔﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪.14‬‬
‫ﻟﻜﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻹﳚﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺣﻘﻘﻬﺎ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺠﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﻜﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ‪ SCI MAGO‬ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﲔ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2017‬ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ 6841‬ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻧﻈﺮﺍﺋﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﺼﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺿﺌﻴﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2017‬ﺣﻮﺍﱄ‬

‫‪24‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫وא مא
אא‪" #$:‬و! ق‬
‫‪ ،%0,23‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺖ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ ﺣﺼﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻻ ﲢﻮﺯ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪%0,03‬ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،1996‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ﻓﺒﻠﻐﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2017‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ‪ %10,14‬ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1996‬ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ‪ %3,51‬ﻓﻘﻂ‪.15‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﻨﺔ ﻟﻮﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﻓﻈﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳍﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺒﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﺟﺰﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻣﻬﺎﻣﻪ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺥ ﻣﺸﺠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﱪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﲑﺍﺩ ﻭﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﲝﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﻓﺰ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺸﺠﻊ ﻭﻻ ﳛﻤﺲ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﺖ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﺓ ﳍﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺗﻄﺎﺑﻘﺎ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺗﺎﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺗﺄﺧﺮﺍ ﻛﺒﲑﺍ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﺪﺧﻼﺗﻪ ﺃﻭ ﳐﺮﺟﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﱯ ﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺍﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻫﺎ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺑﺎﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱂ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﲟﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﰲ ﺣﺪ ﺫﺍﺗﻪ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﲔ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺆﻻﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﺃﺣﺪ ﳏﺪﺩﺍﺕ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻹﺳﻘﺎﻁ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﲔ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻷﻥ ﲡﺴﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﻫﻴﻤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻓﺎﻋﻼ ﻫﺎﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﻮﺻﻔﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﳌﻤﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻫﻢ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﳊﺠﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﳌﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺣﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﲔ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:16‬‬
‫ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ؛‬
‫ ﺗﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﰲ ﲡﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﻭﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﳌﱪﳎﺔ ﰲ ﳐﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ؛‬
‫ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﲟﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺗﺴﻄﲑ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﻭﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ؛‬
‫ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺘﺠﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ؛‬
‫ ﺗﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻮﻓﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﳌﺰﺍﻭﻟﺔ ﻧﺸﺎﻃﻬﺎ؛‬
‫ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺑﺘﺠﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﺍﳌﱪﳎﺔ ﰲ ﳐﻄﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺣﺼﺮ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻤﻜﻨﺔ ﺑﲔ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫‪25‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫وא مא
אא‪" #$:‬و! ق‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ :3‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫ﻤﺭﺍﻜﺯ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺅﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪8‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﺪﺍﱐ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻠﻐﻴﺚ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﺩﻭﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪ -‬ﺃﻱ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ؟ ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪،3‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻴﲑ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ‪ ،2014 ،3‬ﺹ‪.21 :‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﻜﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺻﺎﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﲔ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﺻﻔﻬﻢ ﻫﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﳍﺎ ﻭﺗﻘﻊ ﲢﺖ‬
‫ﺳﻠﻄﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻀﻊ ﺍﳋﻄﻂ ﻭﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺇﺗﺒﺎﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﳎﱪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻓﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺭﻏﻢ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﺑﺪﺍﺅﻩ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﲔ ﰲ ﲡﺴﻴﺪ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺘﻪ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺇﺯﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﲔ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺃﻓﺼﺤﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪1998‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻨﻬﺎ ﺣﺰﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻠﻘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻧﻔﻘﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﰲ ﺟﺰﺋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﲔ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ) ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‪.(...‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﲟﺤﺪﻭﺩﻳﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻌﺪﻯ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺭﻏﻢ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ )ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ‪ 7‬ﻭ‪ (8‬ﰲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﱪﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺘﺰﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺑﻮﺻﻔﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳐﺰﻭﻥ ﺑﺸﺮﻱ ﻫﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺗﺬﺓ ﻭﻃﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﲔ ﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻤﻮﻥ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺏ ﰲ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﲤﺜﻞ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ )ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ( )ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ‪ 11 ،10 ،9‬ﻭ‪ (12‬ﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﺀ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺴﺒﺐ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻊ )ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﺪ( ﰲ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﳋﻮﺻﺼﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻌﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻘﻠﺺ ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﺣﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﳍﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﱪﺯﻩ ﺗﻘﻠﺺ ﻫﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﺻﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺒﲔ ﺍﻷﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻭﺿﺂﻟﺔ ﺇﻳﺪﺍﻉ ﻭﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ‬
‫ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﻃﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2016‬ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ 672‬ﻃﻠﺐ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺈﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺩﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﻧﺎﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺼﻄﺪﻡ ﺑﻔﻮﺍﺭﻕ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﺟﺪﺍ‪ ،‬ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،2016‬ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﱄ‬
‫ﻟﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﻮﺩﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ‪ 3127900‬ﻃﻠﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺘﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﲔ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺑـ ‪ 1338503‬ﻃﻠﺐ‬

‫‪26‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫وא مא
אא‪" #$:‬و! ق‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ‪ ،‬ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺑـ ‪ ،605571‬ﰒ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺑـ ‪ ،318381‬ﻭﺳﺠﻠﺖ ﺍﳍﻨﺪ ‪ 45057‬ﻃﻠﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﺀﺓ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱪﺍﺯﻳﻞ ‪ ،28010‬ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ‪ ،9711‬ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ‪ ،1303‬ﺗﻮﻧﺲ ‪ ،583‬ﻣﺼﺮ ‪ ،2149‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺎ ‪ ،6848‬ﺇﺳﺮﺍﺋﻴﻞ‬
‫‪ .176419‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺗﻔﻀﻲ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﺗﺄﺧﺮ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ )ﺑﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻹﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺿﻌﻒ ﺇﻗﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻋﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺣﺼﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﳑﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺮﺝ ﻟﻠﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﰲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺍ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺗﺪﻫﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳍﻴﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻛﻤﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺎﱄ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﺨﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻔﻀﻴﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ؛‬
‫ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳒﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻬﺠﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﺗﺮﻙ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﺍ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ؛‬
‫ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﲑﻱ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ؛‬
‫ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻲ ﻷﻏﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﳏﺪﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻴﲑ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻣﺴﲑﻳﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﺎﻷﺧﺺ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ؛‬
‫ ﺍﻧﻐﻼﻕ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﲝﺎﺙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻫﻮ ﲝﺚ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ‪‬ﻴﻤﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻲ ﻛﻠﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﻧﻔﺎﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺃﻻ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺰﺍﻭﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻻ ﻳﺴﺘﺠﻴﺐ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﺟﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻳﺸﺮﻙ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻌﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻻ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﺄﺟﻴﻠﻪ ﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺭﻫﺎﻧﺎ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻳﺎ ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻩ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﲢﻮﻳﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻙ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺑﻌﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺪ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻬﻴﻜﻞ ﲤﺎﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻀﺎﺀ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﳋﱪﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﻋﻼﻣﻲ ﻳﺸﺠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻐﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﰲ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻡ ﻟﻠﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﰲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺣﺼﺮ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﲎ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳍﺎﺩﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻋﻢ ﻭﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ ﺣﺎﺿﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻫﻲ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﻜﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻛﻐﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻭﻟﺖ ﻋﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﺎﺿﻦ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﻨﺖ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﻣﺮﺍﺳﻴﻢ ﺗﻨﻈﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻓﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻉ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﲢﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺴﻤﻰ "ﻣﺸﺎﺗﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ" ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻱ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 78/03‬ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺥ ﰲ ‪ 25‬ﻓﻴﻔﺮﻱ ‪ 2003‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﳌﺸﺎﺗﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‪.18‬‬

‫‪27‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫وא مא
אא‪" #$:‬و! ق‬
‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻣﺸﺘﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺗﻨﺸﻂ ﲢﺖ ﻭﺻﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻭﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،19‬ﻭﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳊﻈﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2004‬ﲢﺖ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﰎ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺣﻈﲑﺓ ﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ "ﺳﻴﺪﻱ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ" ﰲ ﻓﻴﻔﺮﻱ‬
‫‪ ،2009‬ﻭﺍﳊﻈﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺑﻮﺭﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺩﺷﻨﺖ ﰲ ‪ 1‬ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ‪ ،2012‬ﻭﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﳐﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ‪ 2014-2010‬ﻟﻠﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳊﻈﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺪﺍﺙ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺣﻈﺎﺋﺮ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺟﻬﻮﻳﺔ )ﻭﻫﺮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺎﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﻠﺔ( ﻭﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺣﻈﺎﺋﺮ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ )ﺳﻄﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻨﻄﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﻏﺰﻭﻝ( ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺣﻈﲑﺓ ﰲ ﻏﺮﺩﺍﻳﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻨﺖ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﺍ‪.20‬‬
‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﲞﺼﻮﺹ ﺣﺎﺿﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺹ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ‪ooredoo‬ﻣﻨﺬ ‪ 14‬ﻣﺎﻱ ‪ ،2013‬ﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺌﺔ )‪ ،21(T-Start‬ﺑﻐﻴﺔ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﺌﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﺀ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱪﳎﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻈﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺣﺘﻀﺎﻥ ﺣﱴ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺳﺎﳘﺖ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﰲ ﺩﻋﻢ ‪ 29‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻧﺎﺷﺌﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ‪ 5400‬ﺷﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ‪20‬‬
‫ﳕﻮﺫﺟﺎ ﻟﻸﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﰲ ﳐﱪ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑـ ‪ ،ooredoo‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ‪ 273‬ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻬﻮﺍﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﺣﻘﻘﺖ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 2‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﲢﻤﻴﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺑﺼﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﺮﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻱ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 17/11‬ﺍﳌﺆﺭﺥ ﰲ ‪ 25‬ﺟﺎﻧﻔﻲ ‪ 2011‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻭﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﰎ ﺗﺒﲏ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺍﻓﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺷﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻫﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﻗﺪﺭﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‪.22‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﲡﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻭﳏﺪﻭﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﻫﻴﺌﺘﺎﻥ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺘﺎﻥ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﳏﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﲔ ﳘﺎ‪:23‬‬
‫ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ )‪(CETIM‬؛‬
‫ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺓ )‪.(CNTC‬‬
‫ ﺻﻨﺎﺩﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺘﻜﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‪ ،‬ﺧﺼﺼﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﺼﻴﺺ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪:24‬‬
‫ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ )‪(FNPCI‬؛‬
‫ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ )‪.(FNRSDT‬‬
‫ﳝﻮﻝ ﻫﺬﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺪﻭﻗﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﲣﺼﻴﺼﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﺑﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻭﺗﺜﻤﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻧﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲣﺺ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‬
‫ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻼﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﻟﺒﻌﺚ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪28‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫وא مא
אא‪" #$:‬و! ق‬
‫ﺧﺎﲤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺸﺒﻴﻚ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﺑﲔ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺈﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻳﻘﻮﻱ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﻗﻄﺎﺏ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﻧﻈﻢ ﻟﻺﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻔﻪ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﲟﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﲢﺎﻭﻝ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﰲ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻭﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﶈﺮﺯ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺯﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺒﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﱂ ﺗﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻃﲏ‬
‫ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻫﻮﺓ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﻋﺎﺟﺰﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻮﻇﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻭﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﲑﺍﺩﻭﺍﻹﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺩﻭﻝ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺪ ﲤﻜﻨﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻃﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﻭﺩﻭﻝ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻌﺰﺯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﺑﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﻧﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﱂ ﺗﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺴﺘﺪﻋﻲ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺗﺴﻴﲑ ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻀﻤﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﻮﳒﺎﻋﺘﻪ ﻭﺍﻧﻔﺘﺎﺣﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﻮﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﺜﺮﻭﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺀ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﻴﲑ ﻫﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺇﺷﺮﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﻗﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻮﻛﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺪ ﻟﺒﻨﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﺕ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻳﻄﻤﺢ ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺰﺩﻫﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺷﺮﺣﻪ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﳋﺮﻭﺝ ﲟﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺃﳘﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ ﺍﺣﺘﻠﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺿﻌﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ )ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ ،(88‬ﻭﺳﻴﺌﺎ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﻳﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫)ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ (110‬ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺪﻯ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻭﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ ،2018‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺜﺒﺖ‬
‫ﻋﺠﺰ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻣﻬﺎﻣﻪ؛‬
‫ ﺗﺼﻨﻒ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺸﺮﻓﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ )ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ "ﺷﻨﻐﻬﺎﻱ" ﻭ"ﻭﻳﺒﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﻜﺲ"‬
‫‪ ،(2018‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﱐ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳌﺄﻣﻮﻟﺔ ﺭﻏﻢ ﻣﺎ ﲣﺼﺼﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺿﺨﻤﺔ ﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ؛‬
‫ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﱂ ﺗﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻣﺎ ﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺗﺸﻜﻮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺋﺺ ﰲ‬
‫‪‬ﻴﺌﺔ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﰲ ﺇﻧﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺩﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺗﺪﱐ ﻭﺗﻘﻠﺺ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﱯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻛﻘﻠﺔ ﺑﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ؛‬
‫ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻭﺿﺂﻟﺔ ﺇﻳﺪﺍﻉ ﻭﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺟﺎﻧﺐ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻎ ﳎﻤﻮﻉ ﻃﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2016‬ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ 672‬ﻃﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ؛‬
‫ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻎ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2017‬ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ 6841‬ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻻ ﻳﺰﺍﻝ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻳﻐﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻃﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ؛‬

‫‪29‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫وא مא
אא‪" #$:‬و! ق‬
‫ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﺇﻥ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺍﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﰲ ﺟﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺪﻋﻢ‬
‫ﻭﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ؛‬
‫ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻻ ﺗﺘﻌﺪﻯ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻌﺪ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﳑﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ‪‬ﺘﻢ ﺑﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺮﺝ ﻟﻠﻄﻠﺒﺔ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﰲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺣﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﳒﺪ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺍ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺄﲝﺎﺙ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ؛‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺠﺎﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻏﺒﺔ ﻓﻴﺪﻓﻊ ﻋﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﳚﺐ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﻮﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﻭﺗﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺿﺒﻂ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺗﻨﻈﻢ ﻋﻘﻮﺩ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻭﺷﺮﺍﺀ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ؛‬
‫ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﳐﺎﺑﺮ ﲝﺚ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ؛‬
‫ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﲢﻔﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻃﺎﺑﻊ ﺟﺒﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﺜﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻣﻨﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﺽ ﻟﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻷﻥ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺘﱪﺓ؛‬
‫ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻔﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻊ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻱ ﻟﺘﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺃﺳﺎﺗﺬﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻭﺟﻠﺐ ﺣﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻬﻨﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻫﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﺩﻣﻐﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺝ؛‬
‫ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺩﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳌﺮﻏﻮﺑﺔ؛‬
‫ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺷﺮﺍﻛﺔ ﻭﺗﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻣﺘﲔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﻜﲔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﻭﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺧﻴﺺ ﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻋﻲ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻧﺸﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻗﻴﻮﺩ ﳎﺤﻔﺔ؛‬
‫ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﺦ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻗﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﲡﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﻋﻨﻘﻮﺩﻳﺔ )‪(Clusters‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻋﱪ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ؛‬
‫ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﱪ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻗﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪30‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫وא مא
אא‪" #$:‬و! ق‬

‫ﺍﻻﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‪:‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪- Golden Willie and al, national innovation systems and entrepreneurship, center for innovation and structural change,‬‬
‫‪national university of Ireland, Galway, Ireland, 2003, P: 05.‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪- OECD, Managing national innovation systems, OECD publications service, Paris, France, 1999, P: 24.‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪- OECD, National innovation systems, OECD publications service, Paris, France, 1997, P: 10.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻣﺮﻳﺎﰐ‪ 9 ،‬ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻭﺭﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﻭﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﲝﺎﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻔﺢ )‪[Link]
‫‪5‬‬
‫‪- Feinson Stephen, national innovation systems overview and country cases, center for science, policy and outcomes,‬‬
‫‪PP: 21-22, Sur le site web:[Link] ‫‪Voir le‬‬
‫)‪(08/10/2018‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻣﺮﻳﺎﰐ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻻﺳﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﺔ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﻧﺲ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪ ،1999‬ﺹ ﺹ‪:‬‬
‫‪.15-14‬‬
‫‪ -7‬ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻮﻳﺰﺓ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﳌﲔ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻭﻃﲏ ﻟﻺﺑﺪﺍﻉ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ‬
‫ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻴﲑ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻗﺎﳌﺔ‪ 16 ،‬ﻭ‪ 17‬ﻧﻮﻓﻤﱪ ‪ ،2008‬ﺹ ﺹ‪.273-272 :‬‬
‫‪ -8‬ﻣﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﻼﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﺒﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﺠﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔﻭﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻐﺮﰊ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﻮﻳﻮﺭﻙ‪،‬‬
‫ﻧﻮﻓﻤﱪ ‪ ،2003‬ﺹ ﺹ‪.92-79 :‬‬
‫‪-9‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ 50 :‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ‪ ،2012-1962‬ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ،2012‬ﺹ‪.94 :‬‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫‪- World Economic Forum, the global competitiveness report 2018, Geneva, Switzerland, 2018, P: xi.‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫‪- DuttaSoumitra and al, Global innovation index 2018: energizing the world with innovation, 11TH Edition, Geneva,‬‬
‫‪Switzerland, 2018, P: 219.‬‬
‫‪ -12‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ‪ ،2018‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪:‬‬
‫)‪[Link] le (20/10/2018‬‬
‫‪-13‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻭﻳﺒﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ‪ ،2018‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪[Link] ‫)‪Voir le (20/10/2018‬‬
‫‪ -14‬ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﲰﻴﺔ ﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﲢﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺟﻬﻮﻱ ﻳﺘﻤﺎﺷﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﻮﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺃﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪ :‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻔﺢ )‪[Link]
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ‪ :‬ﺣﻮﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺳﻢ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ ‪ ،2017/2016‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -15‬ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ‪ SCI MAGO‬ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪[Link] ‫)‪Voir le (30/10/2018‬‬
‫‪ -16‬ﻣﺪﺍﱐ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻠﻐﻴﺚ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﺩﻭﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ‪-‬ﺃﻱ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻭﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ؟ ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪،3‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻴﲑ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ‪ ،2014 ،3‬ﺹ‪.20 :‬‬
‫‪17‬‬
‫‪- Report on WIPO: world intellectual property indicators 2017, world intellectual property organization, Geneva,‬‬
‫‪Switzerland, No 941 E/17, 2017, PP: 85-89.‬‬
‫‪ -18‬ﺍﳉﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﲰﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ ،13‬ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ 26‬ﻓﻴﻔﺮﻱ ‪ ،2003‬ﺹ‪.14 :‬‬
‫‪ -19‬ﺍﳉﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﲰﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ ،38‬ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ 09‬ﺟﻮﻳﻠﻴﺔ ‪ ،2008‬ﺹ‪.24 :‬‬
‫‪ -20‬ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳊﻈﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺟﻬﻮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻔﺢ )‪[Link]
‫‪21‬‬
‫‪- Programme Algérien des start-ups technologiques : vos idées d’aujourd’hui sont la réalité de demain, Sur le site‬‬
‫‪web: [Link] ‫)‪Voir le (02/11/2018‬‬
‫‪ -22‬ﺍﳉﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﲰﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ ،05‬ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ 26‬ﺟﺎﻧﻔﻲ ‪ ،2011‬ﺹ‪.14 :‬‬
‫‪ -23‬ﻣﺪﺍﱐ ﺑﻦ ﺑﻠﻐﻴﺚ ﻭﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﺐ ﺩﻭﻳﺲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺹ ﺹ‪.19-18 :‬‬
‫‪ -24‬ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺑﻮﻣﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺻﻮﻧﻴﺔﺷﺘﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻹﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﶈﺮﻭﻗﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ ،11‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺪ‬
‫‪ ،02‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻴﲑ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﲬﻴﺲ ﻣﻠﻴﺎﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،2014 ،‬ﺹ‪.80 :‬‬

‫‪31‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אقא
אא אق אق ‪-‬وאא ! "‪*()&'%&%&$#‬وא‪*-,'
+‬‬

‫ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻋﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺮﻕ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ "ﺷﺮﻕ ‪-‬ﻏﺮﺏ"‬

‫)ﺳﻄﻴﻒ( ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ "ﺟﻦ ﺟﻦ" )ﺟﻴﺠﻞ( ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫‬

‫ﺩ‪.‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﺪ ﻣﺮﻏﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﺗﺢ ﺃﲪﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﳏﺎﺿﺮ"ﺏ"‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﳏﺎﺿﺮ"ﺏ"‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬

‫‬

‫ﺍﳌﻠﺨﺺ‪:‬‬

‫ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ "ﺷﺮﻕ –ﻏﺮﺏ" ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻻﳒﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺷﻬﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻥ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺕ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺮﻕ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ "ﺷﺮﻕ ‪-‬ﻏﺮﺏ" ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ "ﺟﻦ ﺟﻦ" )ﺟﻴﺠﻞ( ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺔ )ﺳﻄﻴﻒ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﺘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪110‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻢ‪،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻔﺘﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ ﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺁﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﺳﺘﻮﺿﺤﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪:‬ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺮﻕ‪-‬ﻏﺮﺏ؛ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺮﻕ‪ -‬ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ؛ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺟﻦ ﺟﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪Résumé‬‬

‫‪Le projet d'autoroute "Est-Ouest" est considéré comme l'une des réalisations les plus importantes en‬‬
‫‪Algérie dans son histoire moderne, car il relie les frontières occidentales et les frontières orientales à travers‬‬
‫‪les grandes villes algériennes. Dans ce contexte, la wilaya de Jijel, a bénéficié d’une pénétrante autoroutière‬‬
‫‪reliant le port de Djendjen à l’autoroute Est-Ouest au niveau de la ville d’El-Eulma sur une distance de 110‬‬
‫‪km. Cependant, la mise en service de cette pénétrante va permettre à la wilaya de jijel de connaître des‬‬
‫‪perspectives économiques prometteuses comme le montre cette étude.‬‬
‫‪Mots –clés : Autoroute "Est-Ouest"- Pénétrante- Wilaya de Jijel-Port de Djendjen.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬

‫‪32‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אقא
אא אق אق ‪-‬وאא ! "‪*()&'%&%&$#‬وא‪*-,'
+‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻏﺪﺍﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺇﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﻋﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺮﺓ ﰲ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺣﺴﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺮﻕ‪-‬‬
‫ﻏﺮﺏ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﺮﻑ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﻃﻔﺮﺓ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ ﻋﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺇﻧﻌﺎﺵ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﻭﰲ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺟﻬﻮﺩ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﺒﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳒﺎﺯ ﻃﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻕ‪-‬ﻏﺮﺏ ﻭ ﺍﻷﺟﺰﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮ ﻟﻠﺼﺤﺮﺍﺀ ﻭ ﺍﳉﺴﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻷﻧﻔﺎﻕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮﻱ ﻗﺪ ﺷﺮﻋﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻋﺸﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﰲ ﻭﺭﺷﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻦ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰎ ﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺗﻜﺰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻳﺸﺠﻊ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳍﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺧﺼﺺ ﳍﺎ ﺛﻠﺜﻲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﻋﻄﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻰ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﲦﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺣﻴﺚ ﲡﺴﺪﺕ ﻋﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻭ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ ﻟﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻗﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﰎ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪ 2009/2005‬ﻭ ‪ 2014/2010‬ﳓﻮ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﻒ ﻭ ﻋﺼﺮﻧﺔ ﻭ ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺼﻤﻤﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﺃﺭﺟﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﰎ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺮﻕ‪-‬ﻏﺮﺏ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺑﺒﻌﺪ ﻗﺎﺭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺻﻤﻢ ﻟﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻣﻐﺎﺭﰊ ﻭ ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﰲ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﺘﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺭﻑ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺗﻠﻤﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﻝ ‪ 1.720‬ﻛﻠﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻴﻔﺘﺢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻡ "ﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ" ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻃﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﻛﱪﻯ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﺜﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﻋﱪ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻭﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳍﻀﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳍﻀﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‬
‫‪1300‬ﻛﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻛﺬﺍ ﺭﺑﻂ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﺊ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻏﱪ ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺟﻦ‬
‫ﺟﻦ )ﺟﻴﺠﻞ( ﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺮﻕ‪-‬ﻏﺮﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ 100‬ﻛﻠﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪:‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺮﻕ – ﻏﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﻤﺘﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺟﻦ ﺟﻦ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺳﻄﻴﻒ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻣﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ‪ 110‬ﻛﻢ ﻳﱪﺯ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ؟‬
‫ﻟﻺﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻝ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺃﻱ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ؟‬
‫‪-‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺆﻫﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ؟‬
‫‪-‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﺮﺓ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺆﻫﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ؟‬
‫ﺍﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪:‬ﳓﺎﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺮﻕ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ "ﺟﻦ ﺟﻦ‪-‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺔ" ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺆﻫﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪:‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺣﺼﺮ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻱ ﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺆﻫﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺮﻕ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ "ﺟﻦ ﺟﻦ‪-‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺔ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪:‬ﺣﱴ ﻧﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺇﻋﺘﻤﺪﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﺘﻐﻄﻴﺔ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ‪.‬‬

‫‪33‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אقא
אא אق אق ‪-‬وאא ! "‪*()&'%&%&$#‬وא‪*-,'
+‬‬
‫ﳏﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﳏﺎﻭﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻮﻱ ﰲ ﺃﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻓﻴﺘﻄﺮﻕ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﶈﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﻫﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺮﻕ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ "ﺟﻦ ﺟﻦ‪-‬ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺔ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﻭﻣﺆﻫﻼ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺸﲑ ﺃﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺛﺮﻭﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺎﺱ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭﳍﺎ؛ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺗﻨﺸﺌﺘﻪ؛‬
‫ﻭﺛﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﺑﺮﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ "‪ ، " social overhead capital‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺃﲰﺎﻝ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﻮﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﲏ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺮﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻀ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺃﲰﺎﱄ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻨﺸﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﳌﺼﺎﻧﻊ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﺜﺮﻭﺓ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﳐﺰﻭﻧﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﻟﺜﺮﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻄﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺮﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪.1‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺭﺃﺱ ﻣﺎﻝ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻫﻲ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻫﺎﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﲟﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﻳﲔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺒﺾ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﲡﻠﺐ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺭﺑﻂ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﲔ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻄﻼﺏ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺿﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻴﺎﺕ‪. 2‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺣﱴ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻫﻮ ﲝﺎﺟﺔ ﻣﺎﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺗﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻬﻼﻛﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﻭﻗﺖ ﳑﻜﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﺪﱐ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﻭﻳﺘﺄﺗﻰ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻃﺮﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻭﻋﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﲔ ﺑﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﻔﻌﺎ ﻭﺃﺳﺮﻉ ﻭﻗﺘﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﻱ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺄﰐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﻥ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻜﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺓ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺑﺎﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﻧﻮﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﻥ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﻱ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﳚﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﳍﺎ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺇﻥ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﻭﺳﺎﺋﻠﻪ ﻗﺪ ﻫﻴﺄ ﻇﺮﻭﻓﺎ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﺷﺠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﻥ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ﲣﻔﻴﺾ ﺍﻷﺳﻌﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﲣﻔﻴﺾ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ‪.‬ﻷﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺟﺰﺀﺍ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻱ ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﰲ ﺳﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻳﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﻳﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻴﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﻥ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻷﻧﻪ ﻭﺳﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻭﺍﻷﻗﻄﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻮﻻ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻟﺒﻘﻲ ﳕﻂ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺑﻮﺿﻌﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﳝﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﻘﻘﺘﻪ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﻮﺅﺓ ﻗﺪ ﻣﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻈﻬﻮﺭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ‪Mass production‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺣﺮﺯﺗﻪ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺇﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻭﺭﺑﺎ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﻯ‬

‫‪34‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אقא
אא אق אق ‪-‬وאא ! "‪*()&'%&%&$#‬وא‪*-,'
+‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﲔ ﻭ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻊ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﻘﻮﻟﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﲝﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﰲ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺑﺎﻹﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺤﺮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻬﺎ ‪،‬ﻓﺘﻨﺸﺄ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﹰﺎ ﲣﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﲝﻴﺚ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎ ﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﳒﺎﺡ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺣﺮﺭ ﻛﺜﲑﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻱ ﲟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﺋﺪﺍ ﰲ ﺑﺪﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﻮﻗﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻗﺮﺏ ﳎﺮﻯ ﻣﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻼﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺇﺫ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﳌﺎ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﲝﺪ ﺫﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺪ ﺑﺸﺮﻱ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﺗﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺒﺔ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻮﻇﻔﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﻱ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻢ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻳﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺇﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻴﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﳏﺪﺩﺓ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﻱ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﺘﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱃ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻐﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻜﺲ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ -.‬ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﻱ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﺠﺎﻣﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺃﻭﺯﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻱ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬
‫ﺑﲔ ﲢﺴﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭ ﺃﺛﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﻣﺎﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ )‪ : 4 (Banister and Berechman 2000‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﺏ " ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ "ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﳛﻔﺰ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪ :5 (Apogee, 1994‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲡﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﲪﻠﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ " ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﻋﺰﺯﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻭﺇﳚﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ )‪ : 6 (Brown, 1999‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﺏ "ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ "ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﻔﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻞ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﳏﻮﺭﺍ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎ ﻭﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ : 2015‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺒﺬﻝ ﺟﻬﻮﺩﺍ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﰲ ﲤﻮﻳﻞ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ -‬ﺑﺈﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ 7‬ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻮﻱ ﻷﻱ ﺃﺟﻨﺪﺓ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﳉﻴﺪﺓ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﺸﻔﻴﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺟﻪ ﺧﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﲟﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﺷﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﺍﳌﻌﺰﻭﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﺹ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺪﻯ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﺑﺪﺍﻓﻮﺱ )‪ (Davos‬ﰲ ﺳﻮﻳﺴﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﺻﺪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺳﻨﻮﻱ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻭﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎﺕ ﺩﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﻭﺍﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺸﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻓﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻟﺸﻌﻮ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ﰲ ‪ 12‬ﳏﻮﺭﺍ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻔﺮﻉ ﺇﱃ ‪ 114‬ﳏﻮﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﶈﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻮﺯﻉ ﺑﲔ‪ :‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬

‫‪35‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אقא
אא אق אق ‪-‬وאא ! "‪*()&'%&%&$#‬وא‪*-,'
+‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺳﻮﻕ ﺭﺃﺱ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻬﻮﺯﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺧﺘﺮﺍﻉ‪.‬ﻭﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﳏﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻣﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﳉﻮﻱ‪ - ،‬ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻱ‪-‬ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ‪- ،‬ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ‪.8‬‬
‫‪.2‬ﶈﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺆﻫﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻊ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻐﻄﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻗﺪﺭﻫﺎ ‪ 2.396,63‬ﻛﻠﻢ ‪ ،²‬ﻭﳛﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺳﻜﻴﻜﺪﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﲜﺎﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺏ ﻭﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻴﻠﺔ ﻭﺳﻄﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺪﻡ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺇﺫ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺴﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﻘﻴﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺣﻠﻮﺍ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺷﻴﺪﻭﺍ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ )ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ( ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺯﻳﺎﻣﺔ )ﺷﻮﺑﺎ(‪ 9.‬ﻭﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﻫﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺣﺼﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .1.2‬ﺍﳌﺆﻫﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ) ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﺒﻠﻲ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ (% 82‬ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺩﻭﺩ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﻲ ﻫﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺥ ﻣﻼﺋﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻓﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ‪ 44‬ﺃﻟﻒ ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﻫﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﻭ‪04‬‬
‫ﺳﺪﻭﺩ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ‪ 26‬ﺣﺎﺟﺰﺍ ﻣﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ‪ 1170‬ﺑﺌﺮﺍ ﻭ‪ 750‬ﻣﻨﺒﻌﺎ‪،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺳﻬﻮﻝ ﻓﻴﻀﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻳﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﲟﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺗﻨﻮﻋﺎ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﻭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﻷﺷﺠﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳊﻠﻴﺐ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻮﻡ ﺍﳊﻤﺮﺍﺀ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎﺀ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺾ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺗﺒﻘﻰ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﳋﻀﺮﺍﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﲤﻴﺰﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﻴﺮﺓ ﺑﺘﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺠﻠﺖ ﺯﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻭﻟﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 50‬ﺃﻟﻒ ﻗﻨﻄﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺎﻛﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻭﻟﺔ ﳑﺎ ﳝﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺒﻮﺀ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺮﺗﻘﺐ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻠﺔ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﺔ ﺃﺷﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺰﻳﺘﻮﻥ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻟﻠﻐﺮﺱ‬
‫ﻳﺠﺮﻱ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻩ ﻋﱪ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﺑﻄﻮﻝ ﺷﺮﻳﻄﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ‪ 120‬ﻛﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﳚﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺻﻴﺪﻳﻪ ﻣﻌﺘﱪﺓ ﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺮﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻤﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺤــﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳـــﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻄﺐ ﺟﻬﻮﻱ ﰲ ﳎــﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤــﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺻﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫‪.2.2‬ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﺑﺸﺒﻜـــﺔ ﻫﺎﻣـــﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳــــﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴـــﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻜــﺎﻣﻠــــﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬
‫ﺃﻗﻄﺎﺏ ﺇﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳــــﺔ ﻫﺎﻣــﺔ ﻗﺴﻨﻄﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺳﻜﻴﻜﺪﺓ ﻭﺳﻄﻴﻒ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﻯ ‪ 30‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺟﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤــــﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﻯ ‪60‬‬
‫ﺩﻗﻴﻘـــﺔ ﺟــﻮﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺟﻨــﻮﺏ ﺣﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺤـﺮ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ) ﻧﺎﺑﻞ‪،‬ﻣﺮﺳﻴﻠﻴﺎ‪،‬ﺑﺮﺷﻠﻮﻧﺔ(‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺣﺼﺮ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ‪ :‬ﲤﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺷﺒـﻜﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻕ ﻛﺜﻴﻔـــﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﻴــﺎ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ‪‬ﻴﻜﻠﺔ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳـﺔ ﻭ ﺗﺪﻋﻴــﻢ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺘﻬـــﺎ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳـــﺔ ) ﻃﺮﻕ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ ‪ 227,8 :‬ﻛﻠﻢ ﻃﺮﻕ ﻭﻻﺋﻴـﺔ ‪ 378 :‬ﻛﻠﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﻕ ﺑﻠﺪﻳـــﺔ ‪ 932,3 :‬ﻛﻠﻢ‬
‫(‪.‬ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﳏﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ‪ 27/ 43‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻄﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﻭ ﻳﺮﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻗﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳـــﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺴﻨﻄﻴﻨـﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺳﻜﻴﻜﺪﺓ ﻭ ﲜﺎﻳـــﺔ ‪ .‬ﻳﻀﺎﻑ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﳏﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳـﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨـﻲ ‪ ) 77‬ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ ( ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺟﻴﺠـﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻄﻴﻒ ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻣﻨﻔﺬ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ "ﺟﻦ ﺟﻦ" ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻨﻔﺬ ﻫﺎﻡ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺇﺫ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﻣــﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟـﻮﺩﺓ ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺟﻦ ﺟـﻦ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﳊﻀﺮﻳـــﺔ ﻹﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﳍﻀﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴـــﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳉﻨﻮﺑﻴــــﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪36‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אقא
אא אق אق ‪-‬وאא ! "‪*()&'%&%&$#‬وא‪*-,'
+‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ "ﺟﻦ ﺟﻦ" ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻬﻴﻜﻞ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﲪﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﲡﺎﺭﻱ ﺃﻧﺸﺊ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﺧﺬ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﻨﺎﺋﻪ ﰲ ﺃﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻬﺖ ﺍﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ .1992‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﰲ ﴰﺎﻝ ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﻖ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﺮﺑﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 150‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭﺍ ﻓﻀﻼ ﻋﻦ ‪ 37‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭﺍ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ ﺑﺸﺄﻧﻪ ﺍﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ‪ 90‬ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺴﺘﻮﻋﺐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﻣﺎ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﻪ ‪ 2‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺣﺎﻭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎﻳﺮﺷﺤﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻷﻛﱪ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻣﻮﺍﻧﺊ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ‪ :‬ﺗﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﺊ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ)ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪-‬ﺯﻳﺎﻣﺔ –ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻧﺔ( ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﻀﻦ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺁﻻﻑ ﺣﺮﰲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻱ ﻃﻴﻠﺔ ﻧﺸﻄﻮﻥ ﻃﻴﻠﺔ ﺃﺷﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻴﺪ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﲰﺎﻙ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﺼﻴﺎﻧﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺳﻔﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺍﻟﺴﺪﻭﺩ‪ :‬ﲢﻮﺯ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 05‬ﺳﺪﻭﺩ ﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﻃﺎﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﺯﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ‪ 500‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻜﻌﺐ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺪﻭﺩ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻗﻦ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺮﻡ ‪-‬ﻛﻴﺴﲑ‪ -‬ﺗﺎﺑﻠﻮﻁ‪ .‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻭﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﳌﻴﺎﻩ ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﳐﻄﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ "ﺑﻼﺭﺓ" ﺑﺎﳌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺑـ‪ 52‬ﻛﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳝﲔ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲤﺘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪500‬‬
‫ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻀﻨﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﺍ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﻣﺼﻨﻊ ﺿﺨﻢ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﳏﻄﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ ‪ :‬ﺗﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﰎ ﺍﳒﺎﺯﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﱵ ﻗﺴﻨﻄﻴﻨﺔ ﻭﺳﻜﻴﻜﺪﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻠﺴﻜﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﺳﲑﺑﻂ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ "ﺟﻦ ﺟﻦ" ﺑﺎﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ "ﺑﻼﺭﺓ" ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ 45‬ﻛﻠﻢ‪.‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﺧﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﻭ ﺳﻄﻴﻒ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﲡﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﺯﺩﻭﺍﺟﻴﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﻛﻬﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﳋﻂ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﻭ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ ﲨﺎﻝ )ﺳﻜﻴﻜﺪﺓ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ 137‬ﻛﻠﻢ ‪.‬ﻭﺳﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﳋﻂ ﺍﳌﻜﻬﺮﺏ ﻟﻠﺴﻜﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ‪ 130‬ﻛﻠﻢ ﺑﲔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﻭﺳﻄﻴﻒ ﺑﺮﺑﻂ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ "ﺟﻦ ﺟﻦ" ﲞﻂ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﱄ ﻋﻨﺎﺑﺔ‪ -‬ﺗﻠﻤﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﱪ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻨﻄﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﻭ ﻭﻫﺮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪-‬ﺍﳌﻄﺎﺭ‪ :‬ﻫﻮ ﻣﻄﺎﺭ"ﻓﺮﺣﺎﺕ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ " ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻊ ﺑﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﲑ ﻭﻳﺒﻌﺪ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ 14‬ﻛﻠﻢ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ ﺭﺣﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﺎﺑﲔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺣﻼﺕ ﺩﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﺎﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﻓﺮﻧﺴﺎ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﻨﺬ ‪ 29‬ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ‪.2010‬‬
‫‪-‬ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﰎ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﺇﳒﺎﺯﻫﺎ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ‪ 2013‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺗﻘﺎﺭﺏ ‪ 40‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭﺍ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻘﺮﺭ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺅﻫﺎ ﲟﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬
‫"ﺑﻼﺭﺓ" ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﺘﺘﻮﱃ ﲤﻮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ ﺍﳉﺎﺭﻱ ﺇﳒﺎﺯﻩ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﻭﺑﻘﺪﺭﺓ ‪ 1398‬ﻣﻴﻐﺎﻭﺍﻁ ‪،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺮﺽ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻼﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺧﻼﻝ"ﺳﻨﺔ ‪."2018‬‬
‫‪.3.2‬ﺍﳌﺆﻫﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻣﺼﻨﻊ ﺿﺨﻢ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ ﰎ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺅﻩ ﲟﻨﻄﻘﺔ "ﺑﻼﺭﺓ" ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺮﻱ ﻭﻓﻖ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ‪.49/51‬ﻭﺗﺒﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ‪ 2‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻃﻦ‪،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﻮﻓﺮ ﺃﺯﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ‪ 2000‬ﻣﻨﺼﺐ ﺷﻐﻞ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪.‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺘﲔ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺘﲔ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻄﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺇﲨﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﺑﺄﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 637‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ‪،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ‪ 8‬ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻧﺸﺎﻃﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﺮﺑﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺗﻔﻮﻕ ‪ 61.6‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ‪.‬ﻭﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﱄ‬
‫ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪:‬‬

‫‪37‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אقא
אא אق אق ‪-‬وאא ! "‪*()&'%&%&$#‬وא‪*-,'
+‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ :(01‬ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻗﻴﺪ ﺍﻻﳒﺎﺯ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﻄﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ‬
‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪02‬‬ ‫‪ 01‬ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺎ‬ ‫‪2011/12/22‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻼﺭﺓ‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪37‬‬ ‫‪1986/03/04‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﲑ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭﻻﺩ ﺻﺎﱀ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺘﲔ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺘﲔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺗﺒﺎﻳﻦ ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻅ ﰲ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﻴﻄﺔ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﰲ ﻗﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﳒﺎﺯ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﺗﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﺑﻌﺪ‪.‬ﻭﲡﺪﺭ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺗﺘﻮﺍﺟﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺸﻂ‬
‫ﰲ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻣﺎﻳﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﳉﻠﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺟﺎﺝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺬﺍﺋﻴﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﱐ ﺍﳋﺸﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﺰﻫﺮﻳﺎﺕ ‪...‬ﺇﱁ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .4.2‬ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬
‫‪10‬‬
‫ﲤﺘﻠﻚ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﻫﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻜﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﺳﻴﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ ﻭﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﺮﺑﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ‪ 2398‬ﻛﻢ‪ 2‬ﺑﻮﺍﺟﻬـــﺔ ﲝﺮﻳــﺔ ﲤﺘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ 120‬ﻛﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻼﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﻄﺎﺑﻌﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺒﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻐﻄﻲ ‪ %82‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻬﺎ‪،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﲤﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﺎﺕ ‪ %47‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻛﺜﻴﻔﺔ ﺗﺸﺠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﳉﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪115 000‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻏﺎﺑﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ :‬ﻗﺮﻭﺵ‪،‬ﺗﺎﻣﻨﺘﻮﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺪﻡ‪،‬ﺑﻮﺣﻨﺶ‪...‬ﺍﱁ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻮﺟﺪ ‪‬ﺎ ‪ 953‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺔ ﺃﳘﻬﺎ ﻗﺮﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﻗﻮ‪،‬ﺍﳋﻨﺰﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﱪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﺋﺐ ﻭﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺮﺍﺑﺔ ‪ 484‬ﺻﻨﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺷﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﲔ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻥ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻁ‪...‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻀﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﳏﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺭﻃﺒﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﶈﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﺒﲏ ﺑﻠﻌﻴﺪ ﲢﺘﻞ ‪ 120‬ﻫﻜﺘﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ‪ 23‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﻴﻮﺭ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺍﳊﻀﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴــﺔ ﻟﺘﺎﺯﺓ ) ‪ 40.000‬ﻫـ( ﺑﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺗﻀﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﱂ ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻴــﺔ ﻭ ﺃﺛﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﺣﻀﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﺎﻗﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ) ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﻘﻴﲔ ﲜﻴﺠﻞ ﺯﻳﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭﻳـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺳﻄﺎﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﻴﲔ ﺑﺈﺭﺍﻗﻦ ‪ ،‬ﺑﲏ ﻳﺎﺟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻫﻴـﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﻧﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻘﻔــﺔ ‪...‬ﺇﱁ( ‪.‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻐﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﺣﻲ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻐﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻧﺔ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ 35‬ﻛﻢ ﻏﺮﺏ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ‪ ،‬ﰎ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻓﻬﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 1917‬ﻭﺗﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻋﺠﺎﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻏﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪.‬ﻭﺗﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻲ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﻃﻮﻟﻪ‬
‫‪120‬ﻛﻠﻢ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺎ ﳝﺜﻞ ‪% 10‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻠﻲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ‪‬ﺎ ‪52‬ﺷﺎﻃﺊ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ‪ 27‬ﻣﺴﻤﻮﺡ ﻟﻠﺴﺒﺎﺣﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺸﺘﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻮﺭﻧﻴﺶ ﺍﳉﻴﺠﻠﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺨﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻼﻣﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﻤﺘﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺯﻳﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻧﺔ ﺗﺘﺨﻠﻠﻬﺎ ﻏﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﲔ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5.2‬ﺍﻟﺜﺮﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻭﻻﻳـﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﺮﻭﺍﺕ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴـﺔ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴــﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺜﺮﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻧﻴــﺔ )ﻛﺎﻟﺮﺻﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺰﻧﻚ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻭﻻﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺒﺲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻣﻞ ﻭ ﺍﳊﺼﻰ ‪ ...‬ﺇﱁ(‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺜﺮﻭﺍﺕ ﺟﺪﻳﺮﺓ ﺑﺘﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺍﻟﻄﺮیﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺮﻕ ﻟﻠﻄﺮیﻖ ﺍﻟﺴیﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ "ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺟﻦ ﺟﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺔ" ﻭ ﺁﺛﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺍﺯﺍﺓ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﰲ ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﻴﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺾ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﻃﻠﻘﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺗﻨﻤﻮﻳﺔ ﻃﻤﻮﺣﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺪﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻹﻧﻌﺎﺵ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﰒ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺩﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ‪،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﴰﻠﺘﻬﺎ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺟﻌﻠﻪ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻠﺪ ‪.11‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬

‫‪38‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אقא
אא אق אق ‪-‬وאא ! "‪*()&'%&%&$#‬وא‪*-,'
+‬‬
‫"ﺷﺮﻕ ﻏﺮﺏ" ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﲟﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﺘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ 1720‬ﻛﻠﻢ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻻﳒﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﺮﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﺗﺎﺭﳜﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻥ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺣﺼﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻢ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺮﻕ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ "ﺷﺮﻕ ‪-‬ﻏﺮﺏ" ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﺑﻂ‬
‫ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ "ﺟﻦ ﺟﻦ" )ﺟﻴﺠﻞ( ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺔ )ﺳﻄﻴﻒ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﰎ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺃﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﳒﺎﺯﻩ ﰲ ﺃﻭﺕ ‪ 2013‬ﻭﺑﻐﻼﻑ ﻣﺎﱄ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ‪1.65‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺭﻭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻔﺘﺮﺽ ﺗﺴﻠﻤﻪ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ‪.2019‬ﻭﻳﻌﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺬ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ‪ 13‬ﻣﻨﻔﺬ ﺁﺧﺮﺍ ﳑﺎﺛﻼ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻦ ﻭﺃﻛﱪﻫﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﳝﺘﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪110‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻢ ﺑﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻫﲔ ﻭ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺮﺑﻂ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺟﻦ ﺟﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺮﻕ‪-‬ﻏﺮﺏ ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﳏﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺔ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﺍ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ 45‬ﻛﻠﻢ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 10‬ﻛﻠﻢ ﻭ ﺳﻄﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 55‬ﻛﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﻳﻔﺘﺮﺽ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ "ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼ ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺍ" ﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﻴﺰﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻟﺔ ‪‬ﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﺣﻠﻘﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ "ﺷﺮﻕ ‪-‬ﻏﺮﺏ"‪.‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﳏﻮﺭﺍ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻭﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺆﻫﻼ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺇﺩﻣﺎﺟﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺣﺼﺮ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺎﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪.1.3‬ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻲ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻟﻄﺎﺑﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻋﻪ ﲟﺎ ﲤﺘﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺆﻫﻼﺕ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺮﻕ ﳍﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺮﻕ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻓﻌﺎ ﻭﺣﺎﻓﺰﺍ ﻟﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﻗﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺤﲔ ﻣﻦ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﺳﻴﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﺘﻌﺎﺵ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻟﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺎ ﻫﺎﻣﺎ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻞ ﺣﱴ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺳﻴﻌﻄﻲ ﺩﻓﻌﺎ ﻗﻮﻳﺎ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﰲ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ‪ 19‬ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻋﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺗﻜﺮﻳﺲ ﻣﺴﺎﺭ ﺗﻨﻮﻳﻊ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2.3‬ﺍﻧﺘﻌﺎﺵ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﳌﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ "ﺟﻦ ﺟﻦ"‬
‫ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ"ﺟﻦ ﺟﻦ" ﻫﻮ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻬﻴﻜﻞ ﻭﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﲪﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ "ﺟﻦ ﺟﻦ" ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ "ﺷﺮﻕ‪-‬ﻏﺮﺏ"‪ ،‬ﺳﻴﺠﻠﺐ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﲔ ﺟﺪﺩ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺳﻴﻀﻔﻲ ﺣﺮﻛﻴﺔ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﳌﻴﻨﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﲑﺍﺩ ‪،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﻟﺘﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﺭﺩﺓ ﻋﱪﻩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻨﺼﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﲔ ﻟﻠﺠﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪.3.3‬ﲣﻔﻴﺾ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﳏﻮﺭﺍ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﺰﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﺳﻴﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺳﻄﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪111‬ﻛﻠﻢ ﰲ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﻓﻘﻂ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﰲ ﻇﺮﻑ ‪4‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﺑﲔ ‪ 7‬ﻭ ‪ 9‬ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺰﺍﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻪ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪﻩ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻋﱪ ﲢﺴﲔ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺳﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﲟﺎ ﺳﻴﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ‬
‫ﰒ ﺳﺘﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺑﺄﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺃﺭﺧﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ‪.‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺳﻴﻌﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﺮﻣﻮﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ‪ ، ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺃﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮ ﻟﻠﺼﺤﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﲬﺲ ﺩﻭﻝ ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﳍﺎ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪.4.3‬ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻟﺘﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻄﺐ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﻻﺫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﻓﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺮﻕ ﺳﻴﺆﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﻲ ﺑﲔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﻭﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ‬

‫‪39‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אقא
אא אق אق ‪-‬وאא ! "‪*()&'%&%&$#‬وא‪*-,'
+‬‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺰﺭﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻮﻻﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺼﺪﺭﺍ ﻫﺎﻣﺎ ﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺞ ﻟﻠﺜﺮﻭﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺳﻴﺠﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﲟﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻭﳏﻮﺭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﲔ ﻭﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .5.3‬ﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﲟﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺮﻕ ﺳﻴﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﰐ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺸﺮﺓ ﻋﱪ ﺇﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻬﻤﻴﺶ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﻭﺩﻓﻌﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻜﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﳌﻐﺎﺩﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﳓﻮ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﲝﺜﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒﻞ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﺶ ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﻤﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫"ﺇﳚﺎﺑﻴﺎ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﺭﻳﺎﻑ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﲢﺴﲔ ﻇﺮﻭﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺸﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻴﺴﲑ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ ﳍﻢ ‪،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳜﻠﻖ ﻓﺮﺹ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺩﺧﻞ ﳍﻢ‪ ،‬ﲝﻜﻢ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﰐ ﻭﻗﺮﻯ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺗﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺟﻦ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺷﻲ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺰﺧﺮ ﺑﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﺷﺠﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺮﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﳋﻠﻨﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﺍﱐ ﺍﳋﺸﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺧﺮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻒ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﺇﻗﺒﺎﻻ ﻭﺭﻭﺍﺟﺎ ﻛﺒﲑﻳﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪.6.3‬ﺗﺜﻤﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻭﺭ ﳌﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫ﳑﺎ ﻻﺷﻚ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺮﻕ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺔ ﺳﻴﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺜﻤﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻭﺭ ﳌﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺧﻠﻖ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﲡﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻧﺊ ﺟﺎﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻈﺎﺋﺮ ﻟﻮﺟﺴﺘﻴﻜﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﳚﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻷﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﱵ ﱂ ﺗﺴﺘﻐﻞ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﳌﺪﻥ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﳍﺎ ﺑﺘﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻛﺰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻥ ﻓﺘﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﻴﻬﻴﺄ ﻇﺮﻭﻓﺎ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﺳﻴﺸﺠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪.7.3‬ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻞ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻨﺠﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻳــﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﻟﺘﺠﺴﻴﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻧﺎﺟﺤﺔ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺮﻕ ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﲔ ﻭﻻﻳﱵ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﻭﺳﻄﻴﻒ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ‪ 100‬ﻛﻠﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻀﺎﺋﻊ ﻭ‪ 60‬ﻛﻠﻢ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻓﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﻤﺢ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺑﺘﻘﻠﻴﺺ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺘﲔ ﺍﳌﺆﻫﻠﺘﲔ ﻻﺣﺘﻀﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺻﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺗﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻬﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﻳﻮﻟﺪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻭﻑ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﲔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻭﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﻷﻱ ﺃﺟﻨﺪﺓ ﺗﻨﻤﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻵﺛﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻭﺧﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻔﻂ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺳﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﰲ ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﶈﺮﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﻧﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻻﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﳒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ "ﺷﺮﻕ ‪ -‬ﻏﺮﺏ" ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﻭﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﳌﺪﻥ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﱪﻯ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺕ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﳐﺘﺮﻕ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ "ﺟﻦ ﺟﻦ" ﻭﺻﻮﻻ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺔ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻄﻴﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺇﲤﺎﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻭﺗﺸﻐﻴﻠﻪ ﺳﻴﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﻵﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ ﺟﺪ ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻵﺛﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻻﺳﻴﻤﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﻲ ﻭﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺣﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ ؛‬
‫‪-‬ﲣﻔﻴﺾ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﻭﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺣﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺍﻧﺘﻌﺎﺵ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﳌﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ "ﺟﻦ ﺟﻦ"؛‬
‫‪-‬ﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﳍﺠﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻳﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺷﻬﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺍﺷﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪40‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

< <
ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥
*-,'
+‫'&)(*وא‬%&%&$#" ! ‫وאא‬- ‫אقא
אא אق אق‬
‫ﺍﳍﻮﺍﻣﺶ‬

:‫ﻣﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬:‫ ﺟﺪﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‬،‫ ﻣﻈﻬﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﺎﱀ‬1
/[Link]
2 Claudia Berg, How roads support development, 2015, in : [Link]
development.
.7‫ﺹ‬،17،2014 ‫ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬،‫ ﳎﻠﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‬، ‫ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‬،‫ ﺳﻜﻨﺔ ﺟﻬﻴﺔ ﻓﺮﺝ‬3
4
Banister, D. and Berechman, J. 2000, “Transport Investment and Economic Development“. Chapter 6 , University
College-London Press, 131-160.
5
Apogee Research, Inc. 1994. “The Economic Importance of the National Highway System”, Prepared for Trucking
Research Institute, Alexandria, VA.
6
Brown, Dennis M. 1999. Highway Investment and Rural Economic Development: An Annotated Bibliography . Food
and Rural Economics Division, Economic Research Service, US Dept. of Agriculture, No. 133.
7 Berg, Claudia N.; Deichmann, Uwe Klaus;Liu, Yishen; Selod, Harris,2015, Transport policies and development,

Policy Research Working Paper, WPS7366, World Bank.

[Link] ﺭﺍﺟﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬ ‫ ﻟﻼﻃﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ‬8
2018/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2017%E2%80%[Link]
[Link] ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‬،‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‬
9

.3-1 .‫ ﺹ ﺹ‬،2017 ،‫ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‬،‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‬10
.2009 ‫ﻧﻮﻓﻤﱪ‬،(‫ﺧﻄﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ )ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬، ‫ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬11
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‬
[Link] ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‬،‫ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‬-
wilaya
.2014 ، 17 ‫ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬،‫ ﳎﻠﺔ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﺓ‬، ‫ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﻓﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‬،‫ ﺳﻜﻨﺔ ﺟﻬﻴﺔ ﻓﺮﺝ‬-
‫ ﺟﺪﻟﻴﺔ‬،‫ﻣﻈﻬﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺻﺎﱀ‬- ،2017 ،‫ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺑﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‬،‫ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺣﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻮﻻﻳﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‬-
:‫ﻣﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻤﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬:‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ‬
[Link]
‫ ﻣﺘﺎﺡ‬،2018 ‫ ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ‬14 ،‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺔ( ﻟﻠﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺮﻕ ﻏﺮﺏ‬- ‫" ﺃﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺮﻕ )ﺟﻦ ﺟﻦ‬2019 ‫ﺎﻳﺔ‬" ‫ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎﻝ‬،‫ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬-
[Link] :‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ‬
.2009 ‫ﻧﻮﻓﻤﱪ‬،(‫ﺧﻄﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ )ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﻣﻠﺨﺺ‬، ‫ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺷﻐﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬-
[Link] :‫ ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‬، ‫ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﻱ‬-
2018/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2017%E2%80%[Link]
- Claudia Berg, How roads support development, 2015, in : [Link]
support-development.
- Banister, D. and Berechman, J. 2000, “Transport Investment and Economic Development“. Chapter 6 ,
University College-London Press, 131-160.
- Apogee Research, Inc. 1994. “The Economic Importance of the National Highway System”, Prepared for
Trucking Research Institute, Alexandria, VA.
- Brown, Dennis M. 1999. Highway Investment and Rural Economic Development: An Annotated
Bibliography . Food and Rural Economics Division, Economic Research Service, US Dept. of Agriculture,
No. 133.
- Berg, Claudia N.; Deichmann, Uwe Klaus;Liu, Yishen; Selod, Harris,2015, Transport policies and
development, Policy Research Working Paper, WPS7366, World Bank.
-M. Delaygue , L’investissement d’infrastructure de transport et la croissance industrielle, thèse de Doctorat
, 1969, p. 79.

41 2018 ‫ ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫א‪#‬د!א

طא و א
אא ‪
#‬د!א) ('&
‪%‬א ‪/0+*$‬ز‪+,
-‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬

‫‬ ‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ "ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ"‬
‫‬

‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﺎﻃﺮ ﺷﻔﻴﻖ‬

‫ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﳏﺎﺿﺮ"ﺏ"‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫‪chater_chafik@[Link]‬‬
‫‬

‫ﺍﳌﻠﺨﺺ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﻌﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﲟﺤﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ .-‬ﺟﺮﻯ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ )‪ (65‬ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﺃﻋﻴﺪ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ )‪ (57‬ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﺻﺎﳊﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ‪ .‬ﺃﺷﺎﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺑﺎﶈﻄﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺭﺍﺿﲔ ﻋﻦ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻔﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺷﺎﺭﺕ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺳﻠﱯ ﺫﻭ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻟﺔ‪ :‬ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ –‬
‫ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪.-‬‬

‫‪Abstract‬‬

‫‪This study sought to examine the relationship between organizational stressors and job satisfaction in a‬‬
‫– ‪manufacturing company from the point of view of employees working in electricity power station‬‬
‫‪SonelgazJijel-. (65) Questionnaires were distributed and (57) out of them were valid for analysis. Results‬‬
‫‪indicate high levels of work stress and employees feel dissatisfied with their jobs. The results also indicate‬‬
‫‪that there isa significant negative relationship between organizational stressors and job satisfaction.‬‬
‫‪Keywords: Work Stress; Organizational Stressors;Job Satisfaction;Manufacturing Company; Electricity‬‬
‫‪Power Station – SonelgazJijel-.‬‬

‫‪42‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫א‪#‬د!א

طא و א
אא ‪
#‬د!א) ('&
‪%‬א ‪/0+*$‬ز‪+,
-‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻈﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ؛ ﻓﻼ ﻳﻜﺎﺩ ﳜﻠﻮ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻧﻈﺮﺍ‬
‫ﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻪ ﺑﺄﻫﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﲤﻠﻜﻪ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺃﻻ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳌﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ؛ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﻳﻠﻌﺐ ﺩﻭﺭﺍ ﻛﺒﲑﺍ ﻓﻴﺎﻻﺭﺗﻘﺎﺀ ﲟﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺠﻮﺩﺓ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺿﺎ ﺯﺑﺎﺋﻨﻬﺎ ﳏﻜﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺿﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﲟﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻴﻂ ﲟﻮﺍﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺷﻌﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳍﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﳒﺪ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺧﺬﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺸﻬﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻳﺘﺴﻢ ﺑﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﺻﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺁﻻﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‪ ،‬ﻛﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺮﻙ ﺃﺛﺎﺭﺍ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺳﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﺤﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﺴﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﻢ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﳑﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻬﻨﺎ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﻨﺎ ﳍﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﻤﻞ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ " ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ "‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ‬
‫ﻭﻗﻊ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺑﺄﺷﻮﺍﻁ‪ -‬ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ -‬ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻤﻴ‪‬ﺰ ﺑﻴﺌﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﲟﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ )ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺁﻻﺕ ﻭﻣﻌﺪﺍﺕ‪...‬ﺍﱁ ( ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ )ﺗﻐﻴﲑﺍﺕ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﻭﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ‪24‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻋﺔ‪...‬ﺍﱁ( ﲡﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ – ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺟﺪﺍ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ‪ -‬ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯﺟﻴﺠﻞ ‪-‬؟‬
‫ﻭﺗﺘﻔﺮﻉ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻛﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ–‬
‫ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪−‬؟‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ– ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪−‬؟‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﺐﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ– ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪−‬؟‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﻛﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ–‬
‫ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪−‬؟‬
‫‪ -5‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺻﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﻛﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ–‬
‫ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪−‬؟‬

‫‪43‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫א‪#‬د!א

طא و א
אא ‪
#‬د!א) ('&
‪%‬א ‪/0+*$‬ز‪+,
-‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﻛﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ– ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪−‬؟‬
‫‪ -7‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ– ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪−‬؟‬
‫‪ -8‬ﻣﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻛﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪−‬؟‬
‫ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﲢﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ )ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ( ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪(α≤0.05‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ‪ -‬ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺘﻔﺮﻉ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ )ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ( ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪ (α≤0.05‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ )ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ( ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪ (α≤0.05‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ‬
‫ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ )ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ( ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪ (α≤0.05‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﺐﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ )ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ( ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪ (α≤0.05‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ )ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ( ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪ (α≤0.05‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﻭﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ )ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ( ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪ (α≤0.05‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ –‬
‫ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ )ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ( ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪ (α≤0.05‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– ‪.‬‬

‫‪44‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫א‪#‬د!א

طא و א
אא ‪
#‬د!א) ('&
‪%‬א ‪/0+*$‬ز‪+,
-‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ )ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ( ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪ (α≤0.05‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺘﺠﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﺗﻠﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺔ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻣﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ‪‬ﺗﺨﱢﻠﻔﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺛﺎﺭ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻭﺻﺤﺘﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﺴﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺑﺎﻫﻈﺔ ﺗﺘﺤﻤﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﲡﺎﻫﻠﻬﺎ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺀ ﺇﺩﺍﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﳍﺎ‪ .‬ﺿﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﺘﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺋﺪﻳﻦ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗ‪‬ﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﺘﺨﺬﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺴﲔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺑﺎﶈﻄﺔ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮ‪‬ﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺑﺄﺷﻮﺍﻁ‪ -‬ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪-‬؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﻴﻨﺒﻤﺤﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺑﺄﺷﻮﺍﻁ –‬
‫ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪.-‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﻳﻬﺘﻢ ﺑﻮﺻﻔﻬﺎ ﻭﺻﻔﺎ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﱪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﺒﲑﺍ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻛﻤﻴﹰﺎ؛ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻒ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺣﺪ ﻭﺻﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﻛﻤﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻳﺘﻌﺪﺍﻩ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻛﺸﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻗﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫ﺗ‪‬ﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻩ‪.1‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﺪﺧﻠﲔ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﲔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﳘﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻘﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻮﻉ ﺇﱃ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻃﺮﻭﺣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍ‪‬ﻼﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻠﺘﻘﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺢ ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻌﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﻮﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻃﺒﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ‪ -‬ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪.-‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺘﻤﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﳏﺎﻭﺭ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﳏﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﳏﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺪﺍﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﳏﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺑﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪45‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫א‪#‬د!א

طא و א
אא ‪
#‬د!א) ('&
‪%‬א ‪/0+*$‬ز‪+,
-‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ -‬ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﺗﻌﺪﺩﺕ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻳﻠﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻹﲨﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ؛ ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﹰﺎ ﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻌﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﳝﺜﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ‬
‫ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ‪.2‬‬
‫ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻷﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻄﺮﻗﺖ ﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﻥ ﻭﺟﺮﻳﻨﱪﺝ(‪ )Baron and Grenberg‬ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ" ﳕﻂ ﻣﻌﻘﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻓﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ‪‬ﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ"‪.3‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﻑ ﺳﻴﺰﻻﻗﻴﻮﻭﺍﻻﺱ(‪ )Sighlaki and walas‬ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ " ﲡﺮﺑﺔ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﲢﺪﺙ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻ ﻧﻔﺴﻴﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻀﻮﻳﺎ ﻟﺪﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ"‪.4‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﻑ ﺩﺍﻓﻴﺪ ﻳﻮﻧﺞ ﻭﺯﻣﻼﺀﻩ ( ‪ )David Yong Gun et, al‬ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ " ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﻭﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺗﺘﺴﻢ ﺑﺈﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺗﻐﻴﲑﺍﺕ ﺑﺪﺍﺧﻠﻬﻢ ﺗﺪﻓﻌﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺩﺍﺀﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻬﻮﺩ"‪.5‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﻑ )ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﻠﻲ( ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ " ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪﺙ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬﺘﻬﺎ ﺗﻔﻮﻕ ﻃﺎﻗﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻪ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ‪‬ﺪﻳﺪﺍ ﳝﺎﺭﺱ ﺿﻐﻄﺎ ﻧﻔﺴﻴﺎ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ"‪.6‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﻑ )ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﱂ( ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ "ﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺒﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﺿﻪ ﳌﺜﲑﺍﺕ ﺃﻭﻋﻮﺍ ﻣﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻴﺌﻴﻪ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻴﻒ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﻘﺪﺭﺍﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ"‪.7‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﻑ ﻛﻮﺑﺮ ﻭﻣﺎﺭﺷﺎﻝ (‪ )Copper and Marshal‬ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ" ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ )ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺻﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻋﺐﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋﺪ( ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﺄﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻌﲔ"‪.8‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﳑﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﲡﺮﺑﺔ ﺫﺍﺗﻴﺔ ﳝﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﲢﺪﺙ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻳﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺃﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﻧﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ ﻓﺴﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ ﺳﻠﻮﻛﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﺘﺮﻙ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﺃﺛﺎﺭ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺇﳚﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭﺍﲡﺎﻫﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﳓﻮ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﻣﺆﺳﺴﺘﻬﻢ‪.9‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﳏﺪﺩﺓﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺼﻨﻒ ﻭﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺴﺒﺒﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ؛ ﻓﻬﻨﺎﻙ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺼﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ‪.10‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻭﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﶈﻴﻄﺔ ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻷﻗﺮﺏ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﹰ؛ ﺃﻱ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ )ﻣﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪،‬ﻣﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺴﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺯﺑﺎﺋﻦ‪...‬ﺍﱁ( ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﹰﺎ ﰲ )ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺊ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﺻﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‪...‬ﺇﱁ( ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﳕﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﺴﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﳋﱪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪...‬ﺍﱁ(‪.11‬‬
‫ﻭﺳﺘﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫ﳍﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ‪:‬‬

‫‪46‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫א‪#‬د!א

طא و א
אא ‪
#‬د!א) ('&
‪%‬א ‪/0+*$‬ز‪+,
-‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ‪ :‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﺑﻄﺒﻴﻌﺘﻬﺎ ﺿﻐﻮﻃﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﳌﺎ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻨﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻛﺒﲑﻳﻦ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﻤﺮﺍﻗﺐ ﺗﻘﲏ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﻧﻮﻭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺗﻔﺮﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﻗﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫‪13‬‬
‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻱ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﺎﻃﺊ ﻗﺪ ﻳﻮﺩﻱ ﲝﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻵﻻﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ‪ :‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺷﻌﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺑﻀﻐﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻛﺴﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻮﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺗﻠﻮﺙ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺀ ﻭﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻟﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﺴﺪﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺳﺒﺒﺎ ﻣﻬﻤﺎ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪.14‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺐﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻋﺐﺀ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﻨﺪ ﺇﱄ ﺍﳌﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺃﺩﺍﺀﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﻡ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﻞ ﳑﺎ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ‪.15‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻏﻤـﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺪ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺎﺏ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﳌﺎ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺩﻳﻪ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﲝﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫‪16‬‬
‫ﺳﻠﻄﺘﻪ ﻭﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺘﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺻـﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺪ ﺻﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ‬
‫‪17‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﺪﺙ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻞ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴـﲑ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ " ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﲢﺼﻞ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﻱ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺇﺭﺍﺩﻱ ﻋﻦ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻋﻦ ﻏﲑ‬
‫ﻗﺼﺪ ﺑﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻔﻮﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﲝﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﻜﻞ ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺎﺳﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﳚﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫‪18‬‬
‫"‪.‬‬
‫‪ -7‬ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺿﻌـﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛـﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻨـﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ‪ :‬ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ‪‬ﻤﻴﺶ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﺮﺅﻭﺳﲔ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻛﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺻﻨﻊ‬
‫‪19‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺷﻌﻮﺭﻫﻢ ﺑﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺳﺒﺒﲔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﲔ ﳘﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺅﻭﺳﲔ ﰲ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻳﻨﻤﻲ ﻓﻴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﺄﻥ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﳍﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﳑﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﺓ ﺷﻌﻮﺭﻫﻢ ﺑﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻻ ﻳﺘﺎﺡ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺅﻭﺳﲔ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﻮﻇﻴﻔﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺷﻌﻮﺭﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻹﺣﺒﺎﻁ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺭﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻧﺎﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -8‬ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺿﻌـﻒ ﺍﳌﺴـﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴـﻔﻲ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﺪﺭﺝ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺇﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻮﺩﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃﻓﻘﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‪.20‬ﻭﺣﲔ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻓﺮﺻﺘﻪ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﻭﺗﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻣﻊ ﻃﻤﻮﺣﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻭﻻ ﺷﻚ ﺳﻴﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺷﻌﻮﺭﻩ ﺑﻀﻐﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪.21‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﻟﻜﻮﻧﻪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﻧﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻳﺘﺼﻒ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﳐﻠﻮﻕ ﺫﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻭﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﻣﺘﻐﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻵﺧﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻛﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﹸﻋﻄﻴﺖ ﻟﻠﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﻑ ﺇﺩﻭﻳﻦ ﻟﻮﻙ )‪ (LockeEdwin‬ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ " ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﳚﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲡﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﳛﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ "‪.22‬‬

‫‪47‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫א‪#‬د!א

طא و א
אא ‪
#‬د!א) ('&
‪%‬א ‪/0+*$‬ز‪+,
-‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﻑ ﺑﻠﺠﻦ )‪ (Blegen‬ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ " ﺷﻌﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﻳﻌﻜﺲ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﲔ‬
‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ"‪.23‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋﺮ‪‬ﻓﺴﺘﺮﻭﻧﺞ )‪(Strong‬ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ"ﺣﺼﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﲡﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﳏﺒﺎ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻘﺒﻼ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻮﻣﻪ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻏﻀﺎﺿﺔ "‪.24‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮﻑ ﻓﻜﺜﻮﺭ ﻓﺮﻭﻡ )‪ (Vroom Victor‬ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ " ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺇﳚﺎﰊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﺎﺭﺳﻪ"‪.25‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﺎ ﳑﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺍﻹﳚﺎﰊ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﰐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ )ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ( ﻭﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﳍﺎ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ )ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ‪ ،‬ﳏﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﳕﻂ ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﲨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻭﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ(‪.26‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﻮﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻛﻤﺘﻐﲑ ﻋﺎﻡ ﳝﺜﻞ ﳏﺼﻠﺔ ﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﳏﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﳕﻂ ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﲨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪.27‬ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﳐﺘﺼﺮ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺍﻷﺟﺮ‪ :‬ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﳉﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﱐ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺒﺬﻟﻪ ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻊ ﻭﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪ .28‬ﻭﺗﻜﺘﺴﻲ ﺍﻷﺟﻮﺭ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺄﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻮﺭ ﲟﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻹﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻛﺎﻷﻛﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻜﻦ‪...‬ﺍﱁ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﺟﻮﺭ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪﻫﺎ‬
‫‪29‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﳏﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ :‬ﻳ‪‬ﻌ‪‬ﺒﺮ ﳏﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ‪‬ﺗﻜ ‪‬ﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺆﺩﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻪ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫‪30‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﳒﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻹﳒﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻮﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪-3‬ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺃﻭ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻭ‪/‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﻡ‪.31‬ﻭﻟﻜﻲ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻭﺧﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻮﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺒﲎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺳﺲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺗﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫‪32‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺘﻘﺒﻠﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺳﺲ ﰲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻷﻗﺪﻣﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﺪﺓ ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ) ﺍﳋﱪﺓ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ‪ :‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﻠﻚ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻏﲑﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﳕﻂ ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ‪ :‬ﳝﻴﻞ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ " ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣ‪‬ﻮﺟ‪‬ﻪ )ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻑ( ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ )ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ( ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﻣﻊ ﲨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ"‪.33‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﹶﻗﺴ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻷﳌﺎﱐ ﻛﲑﺕ ﻟﻮﻓﲔ )‪ (Kurt Lewin‬ﺃﳕﺎﻁ ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﳕﺎﻁ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ ﺍﻷﻭﺗﻮﻗﺮﺍﻃﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺮ)ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻴ‪‬ﱯ( ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻂ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﲨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ :‬ﳝﻴﻞ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﲨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ " ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﺩﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﲡﻤﻌﻬﻢ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺻﺮﳛﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳓﻮ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻳﺪﺭﻙ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻀﻮ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻮ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﻳﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺑﻪ"‪.34‬‬

‫‪48‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫א‪#‬د!א

طא و א
אא ‪
#‬د!א) ('&
‪%‬א ‪/0+*$‬ز‪+,
-‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺗﺘﻀﺢ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﲨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺴﻮﺩ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻋﻀﺎﺋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺷﻌﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﳊﺐ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﻤﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﺑﺎﻹﳚﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺀﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻣﻦ ﰎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﲤﺜﻞ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﺗﺐ‪...‬ﺍﱁ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺃﺩﺍﺋﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪-‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺸﲑ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﲞﺼﻮﺹ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﺑﻂ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻬﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺛﻼﺙ ﺍﲡﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺇﳚﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺷﺮﻃﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺇﳚﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﲡﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﺇﱃ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﺨﺎﺭ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﺪﻱ ﻭﺍﻹﺛﺎﺭﺓ‪،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻌﻄﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﻔﺮﺩ ﻟﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺗﻪ ﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﻃﺎﻗﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻪ ﻭﺯﻣﻼﺋﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻘﺘﻪ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﲡﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺗﻔﻜﲑﹰﺍ ﻭﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰﹰﺍ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻨﻌﻜﺴﻔﻲ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﺑﺎﻹﳚﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﺿﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻘﺪ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫‪35‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻩ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪﺍ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻩ ﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺒﲑﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺘﻴﻔﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﻧﺰ) ‪Steffy‬‬
‫‪ (andJones‬ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1988‬ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺒﲔ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﰲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﺟﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺎﻥ )‬
‫‪ (Karruppan‬ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1994‬ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 168‬ﻓﺮﺩ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﻓﻘﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻟﻠﺪﻋﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺅﺳﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻣﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻘﺪﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﻟﻠﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﲑﻭﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﻋﺰﺯ‬
‫ﻭﺑﺈﺣﺴﺎﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺃﺭﻳﺲ ﻭﺃﺭﻧﻴﺖ ) ‪Harise and‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﻮﺭﻫﻢ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫‪ (Arnethe‬ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 1998‬ﺃﻧﻪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻣﺒﻜﺮﹰﺍ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺳﻴﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ‬
‫‪36‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺎﺏ ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-3‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺷﺮﻃﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﺼﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻫﻲ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺷﺮﻃﻴﺔ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺜﻼﺙ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻟﻠﻀﻐﻮﻁ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﲤﺜﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﳌﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻳﻦ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻣﻦ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ ﳏﺪﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﻻ ﲣﻠﻖ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﺜﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﲤﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻻﳚﺎﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻳﻦ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺗﺪﻓﻌﻪ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻲ ﺷﻌﻮﺭﻩ ﺑﺎﳌﺘﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺛﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻱ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﲢﺴﲔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻓﻬﻲ ﲤﺜﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﲢﻤ‪‬ﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﳍﺎ‪.‬ﻓﻌﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻫﺬﺍﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﻣﺘﺰﺍﻳﺪﺓ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﺌﻴﺔ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻭ‪ /‬ﺃﻭ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻭ‪ /‬ﺃﻭ ﻓﺮﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﻨﺪﺋﺪ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﺳﻠﱯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪.37‬‬
‫ﳑﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﺃﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﲣﻠﻔﻪ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﲢﺪﺩﻩ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻓﺈﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻭﺗﺴﺘﻐﺮﻕ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻃﻮﻳﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ‬

‫‪49‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫א‪#‬د!א

طא و א
אא ‪
#‬د!א) ('&
‪%‬א ‪/0+*$‬ز‪+,
-‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﺳﻠﺒﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻌﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻌﺘﺪﻟﺔ ﻭﻣﻌﺪ‪‬ﻝ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﺿﻌﻴﻒ ﻓﻤﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﺎﻹﳚﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ -‬ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻲ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺪﺍﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﳎﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻀﻢ ﳎﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﲟﺤﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺑﺄﺷﻮﺍﻁ‪ -‬ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ ،-‬ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﻟﻎ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﻢ )‪ (238‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﻈﺮﺍ‬
‫ﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺎﻭﺑﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻭﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ )ﻣﻦ ‪ 20:00‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 6:00‬ﺻﺒﺎﺣﺎ( ﻳﺼﻌﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﰎ ﺣﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﰲ ‪ 65‬ﻣﻔﺮﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﰎ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻋﺸﻮﺍﺋﻴﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ )ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﺸﻮﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﻃﺒﻘﻴﺔ( ﻭ‪‬ﺯﻋﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺃﻳﻦ ﺃﻣﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ )‪ (57‬ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ )‪ (19‬ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﺃﺟﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ (35) ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﺃﺟﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻋﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻭ)‪ (3‬ﺍﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺃﺟﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻋﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ )‪ (57‬ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻭﻣﻼﺋﻢ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﳝﺎ ﺳ‪‬ﻜﺮﺍﻥ) ‪ (UmaSekaran‬ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ‪ 30‬ﻓﺮﺩﺍ ﺇﱃ ‪ 500‬ﻓﺮﺩ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.38‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﲨﻌﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻮﺡ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳍﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﲟﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺧﱪﺓ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻮﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﻼﺙ ﳏﺎﻭﺭ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ ﺍﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺤﻮﺛﲔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ )‪ (6‬ﻓﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻨﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﺍﳌﻬﲏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﲦﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻋﺐﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﺻﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ‪ ،‬ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ؛‬
‫ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (27‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪:‬ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺤﻮﺛﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻀﻢ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻷﺟﺮ‪ ،‬ﳏﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﳕﻂ ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ‪ ،‬ﲨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ؛ﲢﺘﻮﻱ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ )‪ (26‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ) ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ( ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ) ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ( ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﳌﻘﺎﺱ‬
‫‪39‬‬
‫ﻟﻴﻜﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﳋﻤﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺯﻋﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﶈﻮﺭ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ )ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺑﺸﺪﺓ = ‪ ،5‬ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ = ‪ ،4‬ﳏﺎﻳﺪ = ‪ ،3‬ﻏﲑﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ = ‪ ،2‬ﻏﲑﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺑﺸﺪﺓ = ‪.(1‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ )ﺭﺍﺽ ٍﺟﺪﺍ = ‪ ،5‬ﺭﺍﺽ = ‪ ،4‬ﺭﺍﺽ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ = ‪ ،3‬ﻏﲑ ﺭﺍﺽ = ‪ ،2‬ﻏﲑ ﺭﺍﺽ ﺇﻃﻼﻗﺎ =‪.(1‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺧﻼﻳﺎ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻟﻴﻜﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﳋﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﰎ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺪﻯ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻛﱪ‬
‫ﻭﺃﺻﻐﺮ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻟﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻟﻴﻜﺎﺭﺕ )‪ ،(4=1-5‬ﰒ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻤﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺩﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﺃﻱ )‪ ،(0.80=5/4‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰎ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻗﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻘﻴﺎﺱ )‪ (1‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺍﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻷﻭﻝ ﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ‬
‫‪40‬‬
‫ﻓﺌﺔ ) ‪ (1.8= 1+0.8‬ﻭﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﳋﻼﻳﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ 1‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 1.80‬ﲤﺜﻞ )ﻏﲑ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺑﺸﺪﺓ( ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﶈﻮﺭ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭ)ﻏﲑ ﺭﺍﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ( ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗ‪‬ﻌﺒ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻮﺍﻹﲡﺎﻩ ﻏﲑ ﺭﺍﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﻋﻠىﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪.‬‬

‫‪50‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫א‪#‬د!א

طא و א
אא ‪
#‬د!א) ('&
‪%‬א ‪/0+*$‬ز‪+,
-‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ 1.81‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 2.60‬ﲤﺜﻞ )ﻏﲑ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ( ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﶈﻮﺭ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭ)ﻏﲑ ﺭﺍﺽ ٍ( ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺗ‪‬ﻌﺒ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﻨﺨﻔﺾ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﲡﺎﻩ ﻏﲑ ﺭﺍﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ 2.61‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 3.40‬ﲤﺜﻞ )ﳏﺎﻳﺪ( ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﶈﻮﺭ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻮ)ﺭﺍﺽ ٍ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ( ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺗ‪‬ﻌﺒ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﲡﺎﻩ ﺭﺍﺽ ٍ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ 3.41‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 4.20‬ﲤﺜﻞ )ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ( ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﶈﻮﺭ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭ)ﺭﺍﺽ( ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗ‪‬ﻌﺒ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﲡﺎﻩ ﺭﺍﺽ ٍﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ 4.21‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 5.00‬ﲤﺜﻞ )ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺑﺸﺪﺓ( ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﶈﻮﺭ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭ) ﺭﺍﺽ ٍ ﺟﺪﺍ( ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗ‪‬ﻌﺒ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﲡﺎﻩ ﺭﺍﺽ ٍ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺻﺪﻕ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺛﺒﺎ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺝ‪ -1-‬ﺻﺪﻕ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺼﺪﻕ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ "ﴰﻮﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﻓﻘﺮﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻣﻔﺮﺩﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ"‪.41‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﰎ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﲔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺇﲨﺎﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﻭﻣﻼﺀﻣﺔ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪-2-‬ﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺜﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﻥ "ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻜﺮﺭ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ"‪.42‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔﺍﻟﻔﺎﻛﺮﻧﺒﺎﺥ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﶈﻮﺭﻱ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ )‪ (0.788‬ﻭ)‪ (0.774‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﳘﺎ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﱏ ﺍﳌﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﻭﻫﻮ )‪ ،43(0.60‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ )‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ( ﻭﺻﻼﺣﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﻴﺪﺍﱐ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ -‬ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﺎﺅﻻ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﳊﺰﻡ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫)‪ ،(SciencesStatistical Package for Social‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻣﺰ ﻟﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻣﺰ )‪ ،(SPSS‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻛﺮﻧﺒﺎﺥ)‪(Cronbach’s Alpha‬ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﺌﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﰊ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳔﻔﺎﺽ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﶈﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ )‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻻﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺗﺸﺘﺖ ﻗﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﰊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﲑﺳﻮﻥ )‪ (Pearson Correlation‬ﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‪ -‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻮﺻﻒ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ )ﺍﳉﻨﺲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﺍﳌﻬﲏ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ( ﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪:(01‬‬

‫‪51‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫א‪#‬د!א

طא و א
אא ‪
#‬د!א) ('&
‪%‬א ‪/0+*$‬ز‪+,
-‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪:(01‬ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺌﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑ‬
‫‪%94.7‬‬ ‫‪54‬‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺲ‬
‫‪%5.3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﺜﻰ‬
‫‪%10.5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ 30‬ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‬
‫‪%33.3‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ‪ 30‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 40‬ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫‪%56.2‬‬ ‫‪32‬‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 40‬ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫‪%5.3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺰﺏ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫‪%94.7‬‬ ‫‪54‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺰﻭﺝ‬
‫‪%33.3‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫ﺇﻃﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﺍﳌﻬﲏ‬
‫‪%61.4‬‬ ‫‪35‬‬ ‫ﻋﻮﻥ ﲢﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫‪%5.3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﻋﻮﻥ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬
‫‪%8.8‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ 5‬ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ‬
‫‪%15.8‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ‪ 5‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 10‬ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬
‫‪%75.4‬‬ ‫‪43‬‬ ‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 10‬ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬
‫‪%33.3‬‬ ‫‪19‬‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ‬
‫‪%63.2‬‬ ‫‪36‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻲ )ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﺝ(‬
‫‪%3.5‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻲ )ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﺝ(‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳐﺮﺟﺎﺕ ‪.SPSS‬‬
‫ﻳﺸﲑ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (1‬ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ )‪ (%94.7‬ﻣﻨﺎﳊﺠﻢ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﱄ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﱪﻳﺮ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺎﺙ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﲟﺤﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﰲ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻬﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻵﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺪﺍﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻳﺔ )ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 40‬ﺳﻨﺔ(‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ )‪ (%56.2‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﻢ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﱄ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺗﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﻀﺞ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺪﱐ ﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﺘﺰﻭﺟﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ )‪ (%94.7‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﻢ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﱄ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﻭ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﺭﻫﻢ ﻋﻦ )‪ (30‬ﺳﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﻠﺰﻭﺍﺝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ )‪ (%61.4‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﻢ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﱄ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻜﻮ‪‬ﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﳏﻞ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪،‬ﺃﺻﻼ ﻣﻮﺯﻉ ﺑـ )‪ (% 55‬ﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﺃﻋﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‪ ،‬ﻳﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺻﻨﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑـ )‪ (% 26‬ﻭﺃﺧﲑﺍ ﺻﻨﻒ ﺃﻋﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺑـ )‪. (% 19‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻫﻲ ﳑﻦ ﺗﺰﻳﺪ ﺧﱪ‪‬ﻢ ﻋﻦ ‪ 10‬ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ )‪ (%75.4‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﻢ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﱄ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗ‪‬ﺴﺒﺐ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﳛﻮﺯﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﺝ )‪،(%63.2‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﳛﻮﺯﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﺝ )‪ (%3.5‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﻢ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﱄ ﻟﻠﻌﻴﻨﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ‬

‫‪52‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫א‪#‬د!א

طא و א
אא ‪
#‬د!א) ('&
‪%‬א ‪/0+*$‬ز‪+,
-‬‬
‫ﺃﻥ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻭﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﲔ ﺫﻭﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻄﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﺁﻻﺕ ﻭﻣﻌﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﺻﻴﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﲟﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ‪ -‬ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪-‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﻠﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ‪ -‬ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﻌﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﰎ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﳓﺮﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪:(2‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ :(02‬ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﲟﺤﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﲨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﱪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﰊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﰊ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ ‫‪0.56‬‬ ‫‪3.78‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ ‫‪0.71‬‬ ‫‪3.54‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ ‫‪0.44‬‬ ‫‪3.78‬‬ ‫ﻋﺐﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ ‫‪0.58‬‬ ‫‪3.51‬‬ ‫ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ ‫‪0.59‬‬ ‫‪3.50‬‬ ‫ﺻﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ ‫‪0.48‬‬ ‫‪3.93‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ ‫‪0.50‬‬ ‫‪3.95‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ ‫‪0.46‬‬ ‫‪4.16‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ‬ ‫‪0.35‬‬ ‫‪3.77‬‬ ‫ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳐﺮﺟﺎﺕ ‪.SPSS‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (2‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ –ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﳝﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﰊ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ )‪ ،(3.77‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻞ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﲟﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺴﺎﰊ ﺑﻠﻎ )‪ ،(4.16‬ﻳﻠﻴﻪ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﲟﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺴﺎﰊ ﺑﻠﻎ‬
‫)‪ ،(3.95‬ﰒ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﲟﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺴﺎﰊ ﺑﻠﻎ )‪ ،(3.93‬ﰒ ﻋﺐﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﲟﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺴﺎﰊ ﺑﻠﻎ )‪ ،(3.78‬ﰒ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﲟﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺴﺎﰊ ﺑﻠﻎ‬
‫)‪،(3.78‬ﰒ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﲟﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺴﺎﰊ ﺑﻠﻎ )‪ ،(3.54‬ﰒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﲟﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺴﺎﰊ ﺑﻠﻎ )‪ ،(3.51‬ﻭﺃﺧﲑﺍ ﺻﺮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﲟﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺴﺎﰊ ﺑﻠﻎ )‪ ،(3.50‬ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﻗﻴﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺎﺕ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﲟﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ‪ -‬ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪-‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ‪ -‬ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ ، -‬ﰎ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﳓﺮﺍﻓﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪:(3‬‬

‫‪53‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫א‪#‬د!א

طא و א
אא ‪
#‬د!א) ('&
‪%‬א ‪/0+*$‬ز‪+,
-‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ :(03‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﲟﺤﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪-‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﱪ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﰊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﰊ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺽ‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺭﺍ ﹴ‬ ‫‪0.43‬‬ ‫‪1.88‬‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﺮ‬
‫ﺽ‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺭﺍ ﹴ‬ ‫‪0.38‬‬ ‫‪2.45‬‬ ‫ﳏﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺭﺍ ﹴ‬ ‫‪0.40‬‬ ‫‪1.74‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺽ‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺭﺍ ﹴ‬ ‫‪0.36‬‬ ‫‪2.05‬‬ ‫ﳕﻂ ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫ﺽ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﹴ‬ ‫‪0.47‬‬ ‫‪3.65‬‬ ‫ﲨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺽ‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺭﺍ ﹴ‬ ‫‪0.39‬‬ ‫‪2.15‬‬ ‫ﻇﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺽ‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺭﺍ ﹴ‬ ‫‪0.25‬‬ ‫‪2.24‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳐﺮﺟﺎﺕ ‪.SPSS‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (3‬ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﲟﺤﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪-‬ﻏﲑ ﺭﺍﺿﲔ ﻋﻦ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻔﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﰊ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ‪.2.24‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (3‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﲟﺤﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ -‬ﻏﲑ ﺭﺍﺿﲔ ﻋﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻋﺪﺍ ﻋ‪‬ﻨﺼﺮ" ﲨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ "؛ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌ‪‬ﻨﺼﺮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻷﺧﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺗﲔ ﺍﻟﻠﺘﲔ ﺗﺸﻜﻠﺘﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻄﺔ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻳﻨﺤﺪﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺿﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃ‪‬ﻢ ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ -‬ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﻓﺮﺿﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﲑﺳﻮﻥ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻗﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﺤﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪:(4‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ :(04‬ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ‪ -‬ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪-‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫**‪-0.548‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫**‪-0.530‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫**‪-0.491‬‬ ‫ﻋﺐﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫*‪-0.275‬‬ ‫ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ‬
‫**‪-0.477‬‬ ‫ﺻﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ‬
‫**‪-0.350‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ‬
‫*‪-0.327‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫**‪-0.429‬‬ ‫ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫**‪-0.675‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫* ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ‪ **.0.05‬ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺩﺍﻝ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ‪.0.01‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳐﺮﺟﺎﺕ ‪.SPSS‬‬

‫‪54‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫א‪#‬د!א

طא و א
אא ‪
#‬د!א) ('&
‪%‬א ‪/0+*$‬ز‪+,
-‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ -1-‬ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (04‬ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ‪44‬ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ ،-‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﲑﺳﻮﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﻳﻦ )‪ (-0.675‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪(0.01‬؛ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩﺕ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﲟﺤﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ –ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪-‬‬
‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﳔﻔﺾ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‪ " :‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ )ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ( ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪(α≤0.05‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ‪ -‬ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– ‪".‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ -1-1-‬ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (04‬ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ –‬
‫ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﲑﺳﻮﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﻳﻦ )‪ (-0.548‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪(0.01‬؛ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﲏ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳔﻔﺾ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﲟﺤﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺎﺗﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﶈﻄﺔ )ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻲ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﻴﻤﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻵﻻﺕ )ﺧﻄﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻹﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‪ " :‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ )ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ( ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪(α≤0.05‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– "‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ -2-1-‬ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (04‬ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﲑﺳﻮﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﻳﻦ )‪ (-0.530‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬
‫)‪(0.01‬؛ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳔﻔﺾ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ‬
‫ﲟﺤﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ ﻭﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻮﺋﺔ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﺷﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﺒﻮﻻﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‪ " :‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ )ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ( ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪(α≤0.05‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ"‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ -3-1-‬ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (04‬ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﺐﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ‬
‫– ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﲑﺳﻮﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﻳﻦ )‪ (-0.491‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪(0.01‬؛ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺐﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳔﻔﺾ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﲟﺤﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻜﺜﺮﺓ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ )ﺣﺴﺐ ﺃﺭﺍﺀ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻋﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺗﺼﻞ ﰲ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 75‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ( ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﶈﻄﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺟﻬﺪ ﻓﻜﺮﻱ ﻭﻋﻀﻠﻲ ﻛﺒﲑﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‪ " :‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ )ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ( ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪(α≤0.05‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻋﺐﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– "‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ -4-1-‬ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬

‫‪55‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫א‪#‬د!א

طא و א
אא ‪
#‬د!א) ('&
‪%‬א ‪/0+*$‬ز‪+,
-‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (04‬ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ –‬
‫ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﲑﺳﻮﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﻳﻦ )‪ (-0.275‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪(0.05‬؛ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﲏ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﳔﻔﺾ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﲟﺤﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺗﺼﻮ‪‬ﺭ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﳊﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺳﻠﻄﺎ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‪ " :‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ )ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ( ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪(α≤0.05‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– "‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ -5-1-‬ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (04‬ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ –‬
‫ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﲑﺳﻮﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﻳﻦ )‪ (-0.477‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪(0.01‬؛ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﲏ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺻﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﳔﻔﺾ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﲟﺤﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺘﺄﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻳﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻬﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﳌﻮﺍﺟﻬﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀﺔ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻼﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‪ " :‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ )ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ( ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪(α≤0.05‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– "‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ -6-1-‬ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (04‬ﺃ‪‬ﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﲑﺳﻮﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﻳﻦ )‪ (-0.350‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪(0.01‬؛ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﳔﻔﺾ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﲟﺤﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻙ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﶈﻄﺔ ﻋﻤﺎﳍﺎ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﺍ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﺷﺮﺣﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺴﺒﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﶈﺪﺙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‪ " :‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ )ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ( ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪(α≤0.05‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– "‪.‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ -7-1-‬ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (04‬ﺃ‪‬ﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﲑﺳﻮﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﻳﻦ )‪ (-0.327‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ‬
‫)‪(0.05‬؛ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳔﻔﺾ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﲟﺤﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ‪ .‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺿﻌﻒ ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ‪-‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺴﻬﻢ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪ -‬ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ‪‬ﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻹﳘﺎﻝ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‪ " :‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ )ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ( ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪(α≤0.05‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪." -‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ -8-1-‬ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﺧﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺘﻀﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (04‬ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ– ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﲑﺳﻮﻥ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﻳﻦ )‪ (-0.429‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺩﺍﻝ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪(0.01‬؛‬

‫‪56‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫א‪#‬د!א

طא و א
אא ‪
#‬د!א) ('&
‪%‬א ‪/0+*$‬ز‪+,
-‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﺍﳔﻔﺾ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﲟﺤﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺇﺭﺟﺎﻉ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎ ﻟﻀﻌﻒ ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﻭﺿﻮﺣﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﶈﻄﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ‪ " :‬ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ )ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ( ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪(α≤0.05‬ﺑﻴﻦ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ‪ -‬ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯﺟﻴﺠﻞ– "‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺻﻠﺖ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ –ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ -‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﳝﻴﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﳊﺴﺎﰊ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻲ )‪(3.77‬؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﺣﺘﻞ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﲟﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺴﺎﰊ ﺑﻠﻎ )‪ ،(4.16‬ﻳﻠﻴﻪ ﺿﻌﻒ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﲟﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺴﺎﰊ ﺑﻠﻎ )‪ ،(3.95‬ﰒ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﲟﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺴﺎﰊ ﺑﻠﻎ )‪ ،(3.93‬ﰒ ﻋﺐﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﲟﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺎﰊ ﺑﻠﻎ )‪ ،(3.78‬ﰒ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﲟﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺴﺎﰊ ﺑﻠﻎ )‪ ،(3.78‬ﰒ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﲟﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺴﺎﰊ ﺑﻠﻎ‬
‫)‪ ،(3.54‬ﰒ ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﲟﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺴﺎﰊ ﺑﻠﻎ )‪ ،(3.51‬ﻭﺃﺧﲑﺍ ﺻﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﲟﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺴﺎﰊ ﺑﻠﻎ )‪ ،(3.50‬ﻭﲨﻴﻊ ﻗﻴﻢ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺎﺕ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻔﻊ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﲟﺤﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ -‬ﻏﲑ ﺭﺍﺿﲔ ﻋﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻋﺪﺍ ﻋ‪‬ﻨﺼﺮ" ﲨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ "؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﺃﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ )ﺳﻠﺒﻴﺔ(ﺫﺍﺕ ﺩﻻﻟﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ )‪(α≤0.05‬ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﳏﻄﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ ‪-‬ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪-‬؛‬
‫ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺪﻡ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻧﺄﻣﻞ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﺘﺨﺬﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻄﺔ ﳏﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻌﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺑﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺷﻌﻮﺭﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﳏﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺑﺄﻫﻢ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﲔ‪ ،‬ﺑﻐﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻬﻢ ﺑﺄﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻨﻤﻴﺘﻪ؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺅﻭﺳﲔ ﰲ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻬﻢ؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﻴﲔ ﺃﺧﺼﺎﺋﻴﲔ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻮﻟﻮﻥ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻭﺑﺔ ﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺳﺖ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﻭﺑﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﲡﺎﻭﺯ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻭﺑﺔ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺭﻫﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻭﺷﻌﻮﺭﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻹﺟﻬﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻭﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ﺳﻠﺒﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺩﺍﺀﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻋﺎﺩﻝ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻠﺘﺈﱃ ﺃﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﳛﺘﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﲔ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ؛‬

‫‪57‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫א‪#‬د!א

طא و א
אא ‪
#‬د!א) ('&
‪%‬א ‪/0+*$‬ز‪+,
-‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﳊﺪ ﺍﻷﺩﱏ ﻟﻸﺟﻮﺭ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﶈﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻭﺟﺬﺏ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﻭﺿﻊ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺎﻓﺂﺕ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﺎﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺍ ﻋﻦ ﺍﶈﺴﻮﺑﻴﺔ؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ ﻭﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺔ ﺍﳉﻬﺪ ﰲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﻭﺇﺻﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ؛‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﺑﺄﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪ ،‬ﳌﺎ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻛﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﺓ ﺷﻌﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺑﻀﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺷﻌﻮﺭﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻭﺃﻥ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺃﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﲨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻟﻘﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻣﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ) ‪ 3.65‬ﻣﻦ ‪.(5‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﻣﺶ‪:‬‬
‫‪1‬ﺍﻟﻐﻨﺪﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺟﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،2015 ،‬ﺹ‪41. :‬‬
‫‪ 2‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﱯ ﳏﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﲰﺎﻋﻴﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،.2005 ،‬ﺹ‪.211:‬‬
‫‪3‬ﺟﺮﻳﻨﱪﺝ‪ ،‬ﺟﲑﺍﻟﺪﻭ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﺕ‪،‬ﺑﺎﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‪،‬ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﻓﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺭﻓﺎﻋﻲ ﻭﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﻮﱐ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﳌﺮﻳﺦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ ، 2004 ،‬ﺹ‪:‬‬
‫‪.257‬‬
‫‪4‬ﺳﻴﺰﻻﻗﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻧﺪﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﻭﻣﺎﺭﻙ‪ ،‬ﺟﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺃﲪﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻧﺸﺮ‪،‬‬
‫ﺹ‪180.:‬‬
‫‪5David Yong Gun et .al,A study of job stress on job satisfaction among university staff in‬‬
‫‪Malaysia: Empirical study ,European Journal of Social Sciences, Volume 8, Number1,‬‬
‫‪2009,P :122.‬‬
‫‪6‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﳏﻤﺪ‪ ،‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﻣﺮ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ ،1993 ،‬ﺹ‪241.:‬‬
‫‪7‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﻳﺪ ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪ ،67‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪ ،‬ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ‪ ،1990‬ﺹ‪81.:‬‬
‫‪8‬ﺑﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺇﲰﺎﻋﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،2005 ،‬ﺹ‪42.:‬‬
‫‪ 9‬ﺷﺎﻃﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷﻔﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﺃﺛﺮ ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﲟﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺀ – ﺳﻮﻧﻠﻐﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺟﻴﺠﻞ‪ ،-‬ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻴﲑ)ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ(‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻮﻗﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﻣﺮﺩﺍﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،2010 ،‬ﺹ‪76.:‬‬
‫‪10‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﱯ‪ ،‬ﳏﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪214.:‬‬
‫‪ 11‬ﺷﺎﻃﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷﻔﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.83 :‬‬
‫‪12‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﱯ‪ ،‬ﳏﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺹ ﺹ‪220. -215:‬‬
‫‪13‬ﺟﺮﻳﻨﱪﺝ‪،‬ﺟﲑﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﻭﺑﺮﺕ‪،‬ﺑﺎﺭﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪257.:‬‬
‫‪14Sekiou Lakhdar [Link], gestion des ressources humaines, 2ème édition, de Boeck, Bruxelles, 2001,‬‬
‫‪p : 677.‬‬
‫‪15‬ﻓﺎﱀ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳊﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﺍﳊﺪﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻮﺍﺯﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ )ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ( ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ ،2009 ،‬ﺹ‪27. :‬‬
‫‪16‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﱯ‪ ،‬ﳏﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪،‬ﺹ‪215.:‬‬
‫‪ème‬‬
‫‪17Stora, Jean- Benjamain, le stress, 2‬‬ ‫‪édition, édition dahleb, Alger, 1993,, p : 16.‬‬
‫‪18‬ﺑﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﺣﻮﺗﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺮ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﺑﺎﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‪،‬ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﻴﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‪،‬ﻛﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔﻭﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻴﲑ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺑﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ‪ 30‬ﻧﻮﻓﻤﱪ ﺇﱃ ‪ 1‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ‪ ،2004‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻟﻠﺼﻔﺤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪19‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﱯ‪ ،‬ﳏﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺹ ‪218.:‬‬
‫‪20‬ﻋﻘﻴﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﻭﺻﻔﻲ‪،‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﺓ ‪:‬ﺑﻌﺪﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻲ‪،‬ﺩﺍﺭﻭﺍﺋﻠﻠﻠﻨﺸﺮ‪،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪ ، ، 2005 ،‬ﺹ‪546.:‬‬
‫‪21‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﱯ‪ ،‬ﳏﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.217 :‬‬

‫‪58‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫א‪#‬د!א

طא و א
אא ‪
#‬د!א) ('&
‪%‬א ‪/0+*$‬ز‪+,
-‬‬
‫‪22‬ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺴﲔ‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﷲ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﳌﻨﺬﻭﰊ ﺍﳌﺒﻴﻌﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺪ ‪ ،14‬ﻋﺪﺩ ‪،02‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻱ ‪ ،2007‬ﺹ ‪.243 :‬‬
‫‪ 23‬ﺍﻷﲪﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺣﻨﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻻﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺪ ‪ ،13‬ﻋﺪﺩ ‪ ،03‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ ‪ ،2006‬ﺹ‪308. :‬‬
‫‪24‬ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪﺳﻌﻴﺪ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﺎﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﻔﻴﺎﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‪،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ‪،‬ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ‪ ، 2004،‬ﺹ ‪.196‬‬
‫‪ 25‬ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.195 :‬‬
‫‪ 26‬ﺷﺎﻃﺮ‪ ،‬ﺷﻔﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.5 :‬‬
‫‪27‬ﻋﺎﺷﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﺻﻘﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﱐ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،2005 ،‬ﺹ‪140.:‬‬
‫‪ 28‬ﻟﺒﺼﲑ‪ ،‬ﺷﻬﺮﺯﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺼﻮﺻﺔ ‪:‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ‪ Sopromac‬ﲟﻴﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ‬
‫ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ )ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ(‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﺎﺗﻨﺔ‪ ،2002،‬ﺹ‪67.:‬‬
‫‪ 29‬ﻣﺎﻫﺮ‪ ،‬ﺃﲪﺪ‪،‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪187.:‬‬
‫‪ 30‬ﻋﺎﺷﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﺻﻘﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.144:‬‬
‫‪31‬ﺣﻨﻔﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻐﻔﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻲ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﲑﻭﺕ‪،1997 ،‬ﺹ‪397.:‬‬
‫‪ 32‬ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪398.:‬‬
‫‪33‬ﻟﺒﺼﲑ‪،‬ﺷﻬﺮﺯﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.71:‬‬
‫‪ 34‬ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.79:‬‬
‫‪35Gillet, Anne, stressez pour la bonne cause, Revue Française du Management, N° :164, mai‬‬
‫‪2009, P :5.‬‬
‫‪36‬ﺟﻮﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺇﳝﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻴﺎﰲ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﺪﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﲑﻭﻗﺮﺍﻃﻲ ﻭﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺩﻣﺸﻖ ‪ ،‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺪ ‪ ، 18‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﺳﻮﺭﻳﺔ ‪ ، 2002‬ﺹ ﺹ ‪.79 -78 :‬‬
‫‪37Harper, Sally, personnel management hand book, Gower publishing company, England,‬‬
‫‪1987,,P :255.‬‬
‫‪38 Uma, Sekaran, Research Methods for Business: a Skill Building Approach, 4th Edition, John‬‬
‫‪Wiley & Sons Inc, USA, 2003, p: 296.‬‬
‫‪39Ibid , p: 197.‬‬
‫‪ 40‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ‪ ،SPSS‬ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ،2004‬ﺹ‪127. :‬‬
‫‪41‬ﻋﺒﻴﺪﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺫﻭﻗﺎﻥ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﻪ ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺗﻪ ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ ‪ ،1998‬ﺹ‪:‬‬
‫‪179.‬‬
‫‪42‬ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪180. :‬‬
‫‪43Uma, Sekaran, [Link], p: 311.‬‬
‫‪44‬ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ Cohen‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﻀﻌﻴﻔﺎﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪ R= 0.10 to 0.29 or R= - 0.10 to - 0.29‬؛ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻄﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ =‪R‬‬
‫‪0.30 to 0.49 or R= - 0.30 to - 0.49‬؛ ﻭﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻗﻮﻳﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ‪ R= 0.50 to 1.0 or R= - 0.50 to - 1.0‬؛ ﺃﻧﻈﺮ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ‪:‬‬
‫‪Pallant, Julie, SpssSurvival Manual : a Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis Using SPSS for‬‬
‫‪Windows (Version 12), 2nd Edition, Allen &UnwinInc, Australia, 2005,p :126.‬‬

‫‪59‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫א‪#‬د!א

طא و א
אא ‪
#‬د!א) ('&
‪%‬א ‪/0+*$‬ز‪+,
-‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻖ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺑﻌﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻴﻜﻢ ﻭﺭﲪﺔ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺑﺮﻛﺎﺗﻪ‬

‫ﻧﻈﺮﺍ ﳋﱪﺗﻚ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﳑﻦ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﲡﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺩﻗﺔ ﻭﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻃﻠﱯ ﻭﺭﺟﺎﺋﻲ ﻣﻨﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﲏ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺩﻗﺎﺋﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻭﻗﺘﻚ ﻟﻺﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺒﺎﻧﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺎﻭﻟﺖ ﺟﺎﻫﺪﺍ ﺃﻥ ﺃﺻﻤﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻻ‬
‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻭﻗﺘﺎ ﻃﻮﻳﻼ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺇﺟﺎﺑﺘﻚ ﺳﻮﻑ ﲢﺎﻁ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻦ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺇﻻ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺎﻛﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻜﻢ ﻭﺛﻘﺘﻜﻢ‪ ...‬ﻭﺗﻘﺒﻠﻮﺍ ﻣﲏ ﻓﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪ :‬ﻻ ﺩﺍﻋﻲ ﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﲰﻚ ﻭﻟﻘﺒﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺪﺍ ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﻫﻮ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻜﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺎﻟﺮﺟﺎﺀ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ ) √ ( ﰲ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﺎﺳﺒﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺍﳉﻨﺲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﺜﻰ‬ ‫ﺫﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻦ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 40‬ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ‪ 30‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 40‬ﺳﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ 30‬ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﺰﻭﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﻋﺰﺏ‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﺍﳌﻬﲏ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻮﻥ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬ ‫ﻋﻮﻥ ﲢﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﺇﻃﺎﺭ‬
‫‪ -5‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 10‬ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ‪ 5‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 10‬ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ 5‬ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬
‫‪ -6‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻲ )ﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﺝ(‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻲ)ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﺝ(‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻱ ﺃﻭﺃﻗﻞ‬

‫‪60‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫א‪#‬د!א

طא و א
אא ‪
#‬د!א) ('&
‪%‬א ‪/0+*$‬ز‪+,
-‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺿﻐﻮﻁ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ )√( ﰲ ﺧﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﱪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺃﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﻏﲑﻣﻮﺍ‬ ‫ﳏﺎﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﻓﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺑﺸﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺃﺷﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺎﰐ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ‬
‫ﳛﺘﺎﺝ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎﻩ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻳﻨﺘﺎﺑﲏ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻮﺭ ﺑﻌﺪﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺃﻛﻮﻥ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺃﻋﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻀﺠﻴﺞ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺃﻋﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻮﺀ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﺃﺷﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻠﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺗﲔ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫ﺃﺿﻄﺮ ﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫ﺃﺷﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻌﺐ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﻕ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫‪9‬‬

‫ﻋﺐﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﻛﻠﺔ ﺇﱄ ﺃﻛﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻡ‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫ﺃﺷﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻃﺎﻗﺎﰐ ﻭﻗﺪﺭﺍﰐ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺘﻐﻠﺔ ﺟﻴﺪﺍ‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫ﺃﻋﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺄﺩﺍﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫ﻏﻤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻟﻸﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﲢﻘﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪13‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺎﰐ ﻭﺻﻼﺣﻴﺎﰐ ﻏﲑ ﳏﺪﺩﺓ ﲢﺪﻳﺪﺍ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎ‬ ‫‪14‬‬
‫ﺃﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﺿﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺨﺼﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫ﺻﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ‬
‫ﻛﺜﲑﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻗﻮﻡ ﺑﺘﺄﺩﻳﺔ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻻ ﺃﻋﺘﱪﻫﺎ ﺟﺰﺀﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻬﺎﻡ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﱵ‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫ﺃﻋﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺮﺍﻉ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺑﲔ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻭﻭﺍﺟﺒﺎﰐ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪17‬‬
‫ﺃﺗﻠﻘﻰ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﺿﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫ﻛﺜﲑﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺈﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺗﻐﻴﲑﺍﺕ ﰲ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫‪19‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ‬

‫ﺃﺭﻯ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺜﲑﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺪﺛﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﰲ ﳏﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺈﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺗﻐﻴﲑﺍﺕ ﻻ ﺗﺄﺧﺪ ﺑﺮﺃﻳﻨﺎ‬ ‫‪21‬‬
‫ﻻ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﺠﻴﻌﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺑﺪﺍﺀ ﺭﺃﻳﻲ ﻭﻣﻘﺘﺮﺣﺎﰐ‬ ‫‪22‬‬
‫ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬

‫ﻻ ﺗﺘﺎﺡ ﱄ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬ ‫‪23‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺼﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻻ ﲣﺪﻡ ﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻠﻪ‬ ‫‪24‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﻏﲑ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫‪25‬‬

‫ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭ‬

‫ﺃﺷﻌﺮ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ ﰲ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﱵ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻗﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‬ ‫‪26‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬

‫ﻻ ﻳﺘﻴﺢ ﱄ ﻋﻤﻠﻲ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬ ‫‪27‬‬

‫‪61‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫א‪#‬د!א

طא و א
אא ‪
#‬د!א) ('&
‪%‬א ‪/0+*$‬ز‪+,
-‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺿﻊ ﻋﻼﻣﺔ )√( ﰲ ﺧﺎﻧﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﱪ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺃﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻛﻞ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺽ‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺭﺍ ﹴ‬ ‫ﻏﲑ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺿ‪‬ﺈﱃ‬ ‫ﺽ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺽ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺭﻗﻢ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻕ‬ ‫ﺽ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﹴ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺘﻘﻀﺎﻩ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺸﺔ‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺘﻘﻀﺎﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺰﻣﻼﺋﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺘﻘﻀﺎﻩ ﻣﻊ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻨﻘﻀﺎﻩ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻴﻪ) ﻣﺜﻼ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ‪(...،‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﲤﺘﻌﻚ ﺑﺎﳊﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫‪5‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﻋﻦ ﳏﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻋﻤﻠﻚ ﻣﻊ ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺗﻚ ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺗﻚ‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻋﻤﻠﻚ‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫‪10‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻚ‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﻃﻤﻮﺣﺎﺗﻚ‬ ‫‪12‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺹ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺆﻫﻠﻚ ﻟﻠﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪13‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻼﺀﻣﺔ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻚ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ‪‬ﺎ‬ ‫‪14‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻑ‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﻋﻦ ﳕﻂ ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻣﺸﺮﻓﻚ ﻷﺭﺍﺋﻚ ﻭﻣﻘﺘﺮﺣﺎﺗﻚ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻣﺸﺮﻓﻚ ﰲ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪17‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻔﻮﻳﺾ ﻣﺸﺮﻓﻚ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫‪18‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻑ ﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺣﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻬﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫‪19‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺼﺪﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻑ‬ ‫‪20‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺼﻮﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻼﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫‪11‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﻋﻦ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺼﻮﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻻﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺯﻣﻼﺀﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫‪22‬‬
‫ﲨﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻡ ﻣﻊ ﺯﻣﻼﺀﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫‪23‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻮﻉ‬ ‫‪24‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻇﺮﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻲ‬ ‫‪25‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺭﺿﺎﻙ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ) ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻮﻳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺿﺎﺀﺓ ‪(... ،‬‬ ‫‪26‬‬

‫‪62‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אدאאو א
א א ‪$‬א‪ !"#‬אא‬

‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﺂﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﻳﺢ ﻓﻄﻴﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻏﻠﻴﺰﺍﻥ – ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫‪sfatima142009@[Link]‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻠﺨﺺ‪:‬‬

‫ﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷُﻟﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﺛﻮﺭﺓ ﻫﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺟ‪‬ﻞ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺣﺪﺛﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﻟﻘﺪ ‪‬ﻋ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻛﺎﺋﺰ ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻗﻔﺰﺓ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻠﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺴﺒﻮﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺎﱂ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺭﻗﻤﻲ ﻗﺎﺋﻢ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻟﺰﺍﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﳎﺎﺭﺍﺓ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺗﺘﻼﺀﻡ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﺍﳊﺎﺻﻞ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻣﺘﺪ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺪﺙ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻗﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﲢﺴﲔ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻻ ﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻭﻑ ﻋﻦ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻻﲡﺎﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﻫﺪﻓﻨﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪Abstract :‬‬

‫‪In the period in which the world knew a unsurpassed shift from physical world based on the material‬‬
‫‪to a digital world existing in a virtual environment. Governments had to keep up with these changes and‬‬
‫‪invent new concepts fit in with them, and that led to the emergence of the concept of e-management, which‬‬
‫‪aims primarily to improve the government's relationship with citizens by facilitating the process of‬‬
‫‪contacting them and providing electronic public services to them . The electronic management is a new‬‬
‫‪concept for Algerian public administration and it provide several benefits.‬‬
‫‪Through this paper we aimed to highlight the importance of e-management and it's role in improving public‬‬
‫‪service with referring to the reality of Algeria in the application of e-management.‬‬

‫‪Key words: e-management, Algeria, public service, improving public service, information technology.‬‬

‫‪63‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אدאאو א
א א ‪$‬א‪ !"#‬אא‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃﺿﺤﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻋﺼﺮﻧﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﲡﺴﻴﺪ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﰲ ﻇﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻈﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﻴﺎﺭ ﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﺮﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﻭﻗﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺒﺬﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻦ ﺷﺄﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺃﻥ ﳚﻨﺐ ﺧﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻼﻳﲑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺼﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﻭﻭﺿﻊ ﺣﺪ ﳊﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻭﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺷﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﶈﺴﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺳﺒﺒﺎ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺍ ﰲ ﺗﻌﻄﻴﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﳏﺎﻭﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻮﺽ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭ ﺗ‪‬ﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﻨﺬ ﻧﺸﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻳﻮﻣﻨﺎ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﻹﳚﺎﺩ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻳﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺭﺿﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺑﻞ ﻳﻌﲏ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻷﻥ ﲢﺴﲔ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺘﻤﺎﺷﻰ ﻭﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﲡﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﻳﺸﻌﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﻃﻤﺌﻨﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﺿﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﺣﺎﻟﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻧﻘﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﻘﻮﺩﻩ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻛﺎﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ...‬ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺍﺭﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺴﺎﺭﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺃﺩ‪‬ﺕ ﺇﱃ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﲰﺢ ﺑﻈﻬﻮﺭ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﺄﺣﺪ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺪﺍﺛﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺸﻬﺪﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻓﺈﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﺩﻭﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻛﺒ ‪‬ﲑﺍ ﰲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺑﺘﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﳍﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺇﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺘﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺃﺩﺍﺋﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ‬
‫ﰲ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﺪﳝﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺩﺍﺋﻤﺔ ﻭﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺑﺪﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺳﻌﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻻﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﲡﺴﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﲢﻮﻝ ﻛﺒﲑ‬
‫ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺭﻏﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻻﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳉﺎﻫﺰﻳﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻵﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺠﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﹶﺛ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﰲ ﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻭ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭ ﲢﺴﲔ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻭ‬
‫ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻗﺼﺪ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ ﺭﻗﻤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺭﺧﺼﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﻮﻣﻴﺘﺮﻳﺔ ﻭ ﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻠﻖ ﻓﺎ ﱠﻥ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺑﻨﻮﻋﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﻊ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻟﻐﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻱ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﳓﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺭﻏﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‪ .‬ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺟﺎﻫﺪ ﹰﺓ ﳌﻮﺍﻛﺒﺔ ﻋﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻨﻼﺣﻆ ﺟﻬﻮﺩ ﺣﺜﻴﺜﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺠﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻣﺎ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻟﻸﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﺍ ﺇ ﱠﻻ‬
‫ﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﺘﻤﺤﻮﺭ ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺍﻷﰐ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ؟ ﻭ ﻳﺘﻔﺮﻉ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺎﺅﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳓﺎﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﺪﻯ ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ؟‬
‫‪ −‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﺪﻯ ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ؟‬
‫‪ −‬ﻣﺎ ﻣﺪﻯ ﳒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ؟‬
‫‪ −‬ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗ‪‬ﺤﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ؟‬

‫‪64‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אدאאو א
א א ‪$‬א‪ !"#‬אא‬

‫ﺃﳘیﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻤﻦ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﳍﺎ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻯ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺑﺄﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺻﻌﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻝ ﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﲑﻭﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻟﺘﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻯ ﻭ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﳎﺮﺩﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺄﻥ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﺘﺴﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻄﻼﻗﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﳓﻮ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﲢﺴﻴﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﻮﺽ‬
‫ﲜﻬﻮﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﻳﺆﺳﺲ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ )ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺷﺪ(‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻓﺄﳘﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﺄﰐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻀﺢ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺘﻮﻇﻴﻒ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﺟﺪ‪‬ﻳﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺪ ﺍﻷﺧﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﻗﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﳑﺎ ﳚﻌﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻳﺘﺼﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻐﻤﻮﺽ ﻭ‬
‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺡ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺳﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺗﻜﻤﻦ ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﰲ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻭ ﺗﺒﻴﲔ ﻓﺤﻮﻯ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﺍﺗﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻀﻴﻒ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺗﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻭ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﺳﻬﺎﻣﻪ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻮﺓ ﺑﺎﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪:‬ﻧﺴﻌﻰ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﺇﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻤﻮﺽ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻓﺮﺯﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﻛﻤﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻴﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻴﲑ ﻭ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﺯ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺄﺛﲑﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺪ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﻣﺪﻯ ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻛﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻋﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻻﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﺍﻟﻮﻗﻮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺸﻲ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﻮﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭ ﲢﻠﻴﻞ ﲢﺪﻳﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺡ ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﳍﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﻭ ﲢﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺇﺳﻘﺎﻃﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﳓﺎﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﻯ ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﳛﺎﻭﻝ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﺮﻭﺣﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺘﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻼﺙ ﳏﺎﻭﺭ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ‬
‫ﰲ‪:‬‬

‫‪65‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אدאאو א
א א ‪$‬א‪ !"#‬אא‬

‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪:‬ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺃﺛﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪:‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭ ﺃﺛﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ‪:‬ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ 1.1‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺄﺓ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺪﺛﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻇﻬﺮ ﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺓ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻧﺘﻴﺠ ﹰﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﲢﻮ ﹰﻻ ﻫﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﺤﺴﲔ‬
‫ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺃﺩﺍﺋﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ‪‬ﺎ ‪ .1‬ﻭ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﻴﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻣﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺗ‪‬ﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻜﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﲝﻴﺚ ‪‬ﺗﻮ‪‬ﻇﻔﻬﺎ ﺑﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﳕﻮﺫﺟﹰﺎ ﻓﻌﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2.1‬ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻟﻐ ﹰﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻹﺣﺎﻃﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻧﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺃﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺃﻱ ﺃﺣﺎﻁ ‪‬ﻤﺎ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﹰﺎ ﻓﻬﻲ ﻓﻦ ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺃﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﲨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‬
‫ﳓﻮ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ‪ 3.‬ﻭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﺻﻄﻼﺣﹰﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺟﻬﻮﺩ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻭ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻨﺨﻔﻀﺔ ﻋﱪ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻣﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻭ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﻊ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺎﻗﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗ‪‬ﻌﺮﻑ ﺑﺄﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ "ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﻜﺜﻒ ﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭ ﲢﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺑﻼ‬
‫ﺃﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺭﺷﻴﻒ ﻭ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻔﻜﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ ‪ 24‬ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫‪ 5."24/7‬ﻭ ﺗ‪‬ﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ "ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﻭ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﺍﻧﺖ ﻭ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺗﻒ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺪﻋﻢ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻲ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺑﲔ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ‪"6‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻌﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪-1‬ﺍﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺋﻊ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻐﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺇﺣﻼﻝ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫‪7‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻊ ﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﻴﺔ ﰒ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺘﻬﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﺴﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﻔﺬﺓ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪-2‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﻌﺮﻓﻬﺎ )ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﻜﺎﻭﻱ‪ ( 2002 ،‬ﻫﻲ " ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻴﺴﲑ ﺳﺒﻞ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﳋﺪﻣﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ‪ Teleservices‬ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻃﺎﻟﱯ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺮﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﲟﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﲤﻜﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﱪ ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪"8.‬‬
‫‪-3‬ﺗ‪‬ﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻴﺪﻭﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﻨﻔﺬ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‪ 9.‬ﻭ ﺗ‪‬ﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫‪"-4‬ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﱪ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ‬
‫ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﻟﻸﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺷﱴ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﻴ‪‬ﺴﺮ ﻭ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ‪"10‬‬

‫‪66‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אدאאو א
א א ‪$‬א‪ !"#‬אא‬

‫‪ -5‬ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺇﺫ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻘﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﶈﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳋﺎﺭﺟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭ‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﲤﻴﻴﺰ ﺃﻭ ﺇﺧﻼﻝ ﺑﺘﻜﺎﻓﺆ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺹ‪.‬‬
‫‪-6‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻫﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻜﻞ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﺘﻀﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫‪12‬‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻳﻄﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﺣﱴ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ‬
‫‪-7‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳒﺎﺯ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻨ‪‬ﻈﻢ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﲝﻴﺚ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.13‬‬
‫‪-8‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺗ‪‬ﺤﻘﻖ ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﰒ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ‬
‫‪14‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻛﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻣﺜﻞ ﻭ ﺃﴰﻞ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ" ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻟﺰﺑﺎﺋﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺃﻣﺜﻞ ﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻮﻇﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺃﻣﺜﻞ ﻟﻠﻮﻗﺖ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﳉﻬﺪ ﻭ ﲢﻘﻴ ﹰﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ ﻭ ﺑﺎﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺩﻋﻢ ﳌﻔﻬﻮﻡ )ﺍﺩﺧﻞ‬
‫‪15‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﻂ ﻭ ﻻ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻂ(‪".‬‬
‫‪-9‬ﻭ ﻳ‪‬ﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﹰﺎ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺋﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺄﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﻴﺰﺓ ﻟﻺﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﻮﻫﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬
‫‪16‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﳑ‪‬ﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ ﻭﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ e-Government:‬ﻭ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ‪ e-Commerce‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ e-Business،‬ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪-1‬ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻭ ﺗﻀﻢ ‪:‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﲡﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-2‬ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﻔﺬ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪‬ﺪﻑ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪-3‬ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺟﺰﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪17‬‬
‫‪-4‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪-5‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﻳﻦ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻴﲔ ﳘﺎ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.18‬‬
‫‪19‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻫﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﺍﻧﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻹﻛﺴﺘﺮﺍﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻳ‪‬ﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ )ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ ( 1‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪67‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אدאאو א
א א ‪$‬א‪ !"#‬אא‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ :1‬ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻐﲑ ﲡﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﺍﳍﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ، 2006،‬ﺹ‪.411 .‬‬

‫ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻔﺮﻉ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﳒﺪ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﴰﻞ ﻭ ﺃﻋﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ )ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ (1‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ‪‬ﻳﺒ‪‬ﲔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 1 :‬ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺲ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺳﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﻣﺜﻞ ﻟﻺﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻻ ‪‬ﺎﺋﻲ ﻭ ﰲ‬ ‫ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺃﻃﻮﻝ ﺣﱴ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻓﻖ ﺫﺍﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺟﻞ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳍﺪﻑ‬
‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ‫ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻠﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﲑﻭﻗﺮﺍﻃﻲ ﻭﻛﺜﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺛﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﻧﻈﻢ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻗﻞ ﻭﺛﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻧﺪﺭﺓ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﻧﻈﻢ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻮﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺟﺪﺍ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻗﻞ‬ ‫ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﺳﺎﺭﻱ ﻋﻮﺽ ﺍﳊﺴﻨﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.31 .‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ 1.2‬ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻳ‪‬ﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺺ ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪68‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אدאאو א
א א ‪$‬א‪ !"#‬אא‬

‫ ﲣﻔﻴﺾ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﳑﺎ ﳚﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻏﲎ ﻋﻦ ﻳﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﳌﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ ﺍﻹﺗﻘﺎﻥ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻭ ﻭﺿﻮﺡ ﺗﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ ﺗﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺒﺴﻂ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ‪.‬‬
‫ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫‪20‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 2.2‬ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳓﺼﺮﻫﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗ‪‬ﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﲝﻴﺚ ﺗﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻣﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ )ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ( ﻭ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﻲ )ﺍﳋﻠﻮﻱ( ﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻭ ﺑﺄﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧ‪‬ﻈﻢ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﰲ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺄﺳﺮﻉ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺐ‪:‬‬
‫ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬
‫ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﺍﻧﺖ‬
‫‪21‬‬
‫ ﺍﻻﻛﺴﺘﺮﺍﻧﺖ"‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﻴﺔ ﲢﻴﺔ ﺗﻀﻢ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺗﺎﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻭ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ‬
‫ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﺴﺘﻠﺰﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ‪‬ﺗﺴ‪‬ﻬﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‬
‫‪22‬‬
‫ﻭﺗ‪‬ﻀﻔﻲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺪﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻳﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﺆﻫﻠﺔ ﻭ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﺪﺭﺑﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻭ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻭﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻭ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ 1.3‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻤﻦ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣ‪‬ﻮﺍﻛﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻲ ﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﺴﺘﺠﻴﺐ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻌﺎﻣﻠﻬﺎ ﺑﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺑﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻣﻊ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ‪ 23.‬ﻛﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻋﻢ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻴﺔ ﺇﳚﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻛﺬﺍ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳒﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﻓﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ ﻣﺘﺨﺬﻱ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‪ .‬ﻭﲣﻔﺾ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﰲ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﲏ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﲑﻭﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻮﺓ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﻛﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻳﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻭ‬
‫‪24‬‬
‫ﲡﺎﻭﺯ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻭ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪.‬‬

‫‪69‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אدאאو א
א א ‪$‬א‪ !"#‬אא‬

‫‪ 2.3‬ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﰲ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭ ﺍﳉﻬﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﺣﻢ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺍﳌﻮﻇﻔﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺗﻜﺪﺱ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﺍﻕ ﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺎﺕ‪.25‬ﻛﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺪﻑ‬
‫ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺺ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ‬
‫ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﺟﻬﺪ ﳑﻜﻦ ﻭ ﻛﺬﺍ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻞ ﻟﻠﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ 26.‬ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﲟﻔﻬﻮﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﲏ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺃﻛﺴﻔﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﲤﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗ‪‬ﺄﻛﹼﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﲝﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺃﺳﺮﻉ ﻭﻗﺖ ﳑﻜﻦ‪ .‬ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺧﻔﺾ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭ‬
‫ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﲝﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﲢﺴﲔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺗﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﳐﺎﻃﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺭﻕ‪ .‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻼ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺑﲔ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻐﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ ﻓﺎﻋ ﹰ‬
‫ﺃﻃﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ )ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻃﻦ( ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﻘﻠﻴﺺ ﻓﺎﺗﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﲑﺍﺩ ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﺍﻷﺯﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﻴﺸﻬﺎ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﱃ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻻﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﻣﺜﻞ ﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﳓﺼﺮ ﺍﳘﻬﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ ﻭ ﻛﺬﺍ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﻣﺜﻞ ﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻧ‪‬ﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﶈﺴﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻓﻘﺪﺍ‪‬ﺎ‪ 27‬ﻛﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻻﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻭﻳﻜﻤﻦ ﺍﳍﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻭ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﲑﻭﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﻭﺗ‪‬ﻨﻌﺶ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 3.3‬ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪28‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻨﻮﻃﺔ ﳍﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﲤﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻜﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻐﻴﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﺟﺬﺭﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 2‬ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ : 2‬ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺎﻥ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ‪ ،2016 ،‬ﲢﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪-‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺳﻮﺳﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ﺑﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻟﺘﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ‪ -‬ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ ﻝ ﻡ ﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ‪،‬‬
‫ﲣﺼﺺ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﺴﻜﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.83 .‬‬

‫‪70‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אدאאو א
א א ‪$‬א‪ !"#‬אא‬

‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ‪ :‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺃﺛﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺗﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺮﻕ ﻷﺛﺮ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻳﺘﺤﺘﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﻭ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪- 1.1‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫‪‬ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺮﻑ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺧﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ "ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﳊﻔﻆ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺄﻣﲔ‬
‫ﺭﻓﺎﻫﻴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﲑﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻐﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺐ ﻭ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻡ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺗﻮﻓﲑﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻫﻲ ﺍﶈﺮﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﰲ ﺷﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺭﻓﻊ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﺸﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ"‪ 29‬ﻭ ﻫﻲ"ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻃﺮﻑ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ‪ ...‬ﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﳜﻠﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻭ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻼﺀ‪". 30‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻮﺣﻲ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲡﻤﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺇﺷﺒﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻸﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ"‪31‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭ ‪‬ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺮﻑ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺑﺄﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ " ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮﺍﻓﺮ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻭ ﺗﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪،"32‬ﻛﻤﺎ ‪‬ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺮﻑ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺑﺄﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ "ﻛﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﺩﺍﺅﻫﺎ ﻣﻀﻤﻮﻧﹰﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻀﺒﻮﻃﹰﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﺗﺄﺩﻳﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺃﻣﺮ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺑﻂ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻻ ﲡﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﺘﺤﻘﻖ‬
‫‪33‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺇﻟﱠﺎ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﻗﻮﺓ ﺍﳊﺎﻛﻤﲔ"‪.‬‬
‫‪- 2.1‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪34‬‬
‫‪‬ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺮﻑ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ "ﻛﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﳝﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺎ " ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ "ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳜﻠﻖ‬
‫‪35‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻭ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻼﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺘﻢ ﲣﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺯﻣﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺗ‪‬ﻨﻔﺬ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﻴﺔ"‪.‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬
‫ﻳﺸﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﹰﺎ ﳕﻮﹰﺍ ﻣﺘﺴﺎﺭﻋﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻨﻠﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﲝﻴﺚ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺍﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﳓﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻟﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻬﺪ ﻣﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﳕﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﻄﺮﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺒﻴ‪‬ﻨﻪ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻒ‬
‫‪36‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ 3,7‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺿﻴﺔ )ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 4,157‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ(‪،‬‬
‫‪37‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪ 4,157‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2017‬ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻥ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺍﱃ ‪ 4.3‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﺇﱃ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪2016‬‬
‫‪38‬‬
‫ﺷﺨﺺ‪.‬‬

‫‪71‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אدאאو א
א א ‪$‬א‪ !"#‬אא‬

‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (2‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻤﺘﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ )‪ 2000‬ﺇﱃ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ‪(2016‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺌﻮﻳﺔ‪%‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ ﻟﻼﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ )ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬
‫‪% 28.8‬‬ ‫‪1.971‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ ‪2010‬‬
‫‪% 30.2‬‬ ‫‪2.095‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻱ ‪2011‬‬
‫‪% 30.4‬‬ ‫‪2.110‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ‪2011‬‬
‫‪% 31.5‬‬ ‫‪2.180‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ ‪2011‬‬
‫‪% 32.7‬‬ ‫‪2.267‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2011‬‬
‫‪% 33.3‬‬ ‫‪2.336‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻱ ‪2012‬‬
‫‪% 34.3‬‬ ‫‪2.405‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ‪2012‬‬
‫‪% 34.8‬‬ ‫‪2.439‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ ‪2012‬‬
‫‪% 35.7‬‬ ‫‪2.497‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2012‬‬
‫‪% 39‬‬ ‫‪2.802‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2013‬‬
‫‪% 42.3‬‬ ‫‪3.035‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ‪2014‬‬
‫‪% 42.4‬‬ ‫‪3.079‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2014‬‬
‫‪% 45‬‬ ‫‪3.270‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ‪2015‬‬
‫‪% 46.4‬‬ ‫‪3.366‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2015‬‬
‫‪% 49.5‬‬ ‫‪3.631‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ‪2016‬‬
‫‪% 50.1‬‬ ‫‪3.675‬‬ ‫ﺳﺒﺘﻤﱪ ‪2016‬‬
‫‪51.7 %‬‬ ‫‪3,885‬‬ ‫ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ‪2017‬‬
‫‪54.4 %‬‬ ‫‪4,157‬‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ‪2017‬‬
‫‪Source: Internet World Stats, Usage and Population Statistics, en ligne‬‬
‫‪[Link] consulté le 15 Avril 2018, à 14 : 20.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻳﺒﲔ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪2017‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )( ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪2017‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺪﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺌﻮﻳﺔ ‪%‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ )ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺴﻤﺔ(‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬
‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪7,486‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‬
‫‪50 %‬‬ ‫‪3, 773‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬
‫‪38 %‬‬ ‫‪2,818‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫‪66 %‬‬ ‫‪4,943‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺗﻒ ﺍﶈﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫‪34 %‬‬ ‫‪2,576‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻋﱪ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺗﻒ ﺍﶈﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺣﺒﺶ‪ ،2017 ،‬ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ‪ ..‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺎﹰ‪ 7 ،‬ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ‪ ،2017‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪ ،([Link] ﺍﻻﻃﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪ 15‬ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻞ ‪ ،2018‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 18‬ﺳﺎ ﻭ ‪ 57‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪:2017‬‬

‫‪72‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אدאאو א
א א ‪$‬א‪ !"#‬אא‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (3‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ )ﺍﱃ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ‪ 31‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪(2017‬‬

‫‪Source: Internet world stats-[Link] Basis: 4 156 932,140 Internet users in‬‬
‫‪December 31, 2017. Consulté le 15 Avril 2018, à 15H et 22 mn.‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬

‫‪‬ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻔﺬﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﻭ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﰲ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺄﰐ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﰎ ﺗﻮﻇﻴﻔﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻟﺘﺠﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﳕﻮﺫﺟ‪‬ﺎ ﻓﻌﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻹﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﻭ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ‬
‫ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻭ ﺃﺣﺪﺙ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻛﺎﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ )ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ( ﻭﺃﻛﺸﺎﻙ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻭ‬
‫ﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻳﺒﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ‪ 70 %‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ‪ %60‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﲔ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺗﺪﻓﻊ ‪‬ﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﺪﻻﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ‪ .‬ﲟﺎ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺎﺭﺏ ‪ 70 %‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﲡﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺧﺺ ﰲ‬
‫ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺃﺭﻳﺰﻭﻧﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﺗﻜﻠﻔﺘﻪ ﲝﻮﺍﱄ ‪ 2‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ 7‬ﺩﻭﻻﺭ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﰲ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﺷﻨﻄﻦ ﻣﻦ ‪ 10‬ﺇﱃ ‪ % 20‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻳﺎﺕ‪ 39.‬ﻭ ﻛﻤﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﻓﺎﻥ ‪ % 87‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻞ ‪ 30‬ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻳﺆﻛﺪﻭﻥ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺟﻴﺘﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﺭﺗﻔﻌﺖ ﻋﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ‪ 40.‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻠﻘﺪ ﲰﺤﺖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻵﻻﻑ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬
‫ﲞﻔﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﻭ ﻭﻓﺮﺕ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﲣﻠﻴﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ‪50 %‬ﺟﻬﺪﹰﺍ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺎ ﹰﻻ ﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﻌﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﺒﻨﺖ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻧﺊ ﻭ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺭﻙ ﺑﺪﰊ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺇﺫ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﻊ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﺪﰊ ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 41.% 10‬ﻭ ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺃﺟﺮ‪‬ﺎ »ﻏﻮﻏﻞ«‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺘﻠﺖ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﹰﺎ ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﳝﺘﻠﻜﻬﺎ ‪٪62‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﻠﻜﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺑﻨﻤﻮ ﺳﻨﻮﻱ ﻣﻌﺪﻟﻪ ‪ .42٪18‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻣﻊ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺩﰊ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺪ‪‬ﻡ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺩﰊ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻬﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﱪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﻮﱃ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺩﰊ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﲰﻲ ﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺩﰊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﺪ‪‬ﻡ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ‪ 2000‬ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﻴﻤﲔ ﲟﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺩﰊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺣﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻳﺎﺩ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺫﻛﻴﺔ ﲝﻴﺚ ﲢﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ )‪ (1‬ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ )‪ (8‬ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ ‪ 0,89‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﺍﺣﺘﻠﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﺑﻘﻴﻤﺔ ‪ 1‬ﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﺎﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫‪43‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ )‪ (EGDI‬ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ)‪ (UNDESA‬ﳉﻮﻳﻠﻴﺔ ‪.2016‬‬

‫‪73‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אدאאو א
א א ‪$‬א‪ !"#‬אא‬

‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪:‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭ ﺃﺛﺮﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .1‬ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎﺕ ‪ 2011‬ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻣﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ 3.7‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻭ ﺑﻠﻎ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬
‫‪ 7.7‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﻲ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ‪ 3.1‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳜﺺ ﺍﶈﻤﻮﻝ ‪ 35,7‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺗﻜﻨﻠﻮﺟﻴﺎ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ‪ 1.36‬ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ‪.‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺻﻨﻒ "ﺩﺍﻓﻮﺱ" ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮﻩ ﻟﺘﻜﻨﻠﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 129‬ﻋﺎﳌﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻞ ‪ 148‬ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺗﺸﲑ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﲢﺘﻞ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‪44.‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﺪﻯ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ‬
‫‪45‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ "ﺩﺍﻓﻮﺱ" ﺍﺣﺘﻠﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 105‬ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2015‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﲨﺎﱄ ‪ 144‬ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻗﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻷﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻋﺎﱄ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ ‪ 11‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺑﺰﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﲟﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺎﻡ ‪ 2011‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻻﺩﻳﺴﺎﻝ ﻭﺣﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺳﻴﺐ ﺍﶈﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻛ ‪‬ﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﳓﻮ ‪ 400‬ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﺔ ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻘﻄﺎﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ‪ ،‬ﺃﻛ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﻳﺮ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ‪ % 85‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻮﻳﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻜﺒﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ‪ % 70‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺎﺕ ﻭ‪25‬‬
‫‪ %‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﺪﺍﺋﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺛﻮﻗﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﻴ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﺟﺎﻫﺪ ﹰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺳﺘﺒﺪﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﺳﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‪46.‬ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻠﺖ ﺍﳌﻐﺮﺏ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 13‬ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﲟﻌﺪﻝ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ‪6.1‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺙ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻮﺭﻳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﲢﺼﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 17‬ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﹰﺎ ﲟﻌﺪﻝ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ‪5.7‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺙ ﺗﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﻧﺲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ‬
‫‪ 18‬ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﲟﻌﺪﻝ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ‪4.9‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺙ ﰒ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 21‬ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﹰﺎ ﺑـ ‪3.3‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺙ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﺍﺣﺘﻠﺖ ﻣﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 23‬ﺇﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ‪2.99‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺙ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﹰﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﲟﻌﺪﻝ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ‪2.44‬ﻡ‪/‬ﺙ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫‪47.2015‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭ ﻗﺪ ﲤﻜﻨﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻛﺄﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺣﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2016‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﺣﻘﻘﺖ ﺗﻘﺪﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻌﺘﱪ‪‬ﺍ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻣﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﳎﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﲢﺴﲔ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺘﺴﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻻﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﻩ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲟﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ .2016‬ﻑﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺣﻘﻘﺖ ﺗﻘﺪﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ‪ 3.74‬ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2015‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 4.40‬ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2016‬ﺃﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻝ‪ 112‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪103‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻇﺮﻑ ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻳﺬﻛﺮ ﺃﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ‪ 2010‬ﻭ ‪ 2015‬ﱂ ﺗﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺳﻮﻯ ﲟﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻟﺘﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 114‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ‬
‫‪ 112‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﴰﻞ ‪ 167‬ﺑﻠﺪ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺃﻛ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻟﻼﲢﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻫﻮﻟﲔ ﺯﻫﺎﻭ ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﺖ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻟﺘﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝ‪ 115‬ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺗﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺑــــــ ‪ 9‬ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ .2016‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰎ ﺭﺑﻂ ‪ 17920‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺳﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺮﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻤﺘﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ )‪ 2000‬ﺇﱃ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ‪(2017‬‬

‫‪74‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אدאאو א
א א ‪$‬א‪ !"#‬אא‬

‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (3‬ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻤﺘﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ )‪ 2000‬ﺇﱃ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ‪(2017‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﺌﻮﻳﺔ‪%‬‬ ‫ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ‬
‫‪% 0.2‬‬ ‫‪31 795 500‬‬ ‫‪50 000‬‬ ‫‪2000‬‬
‫‪% 5.8‬‬ ‫‪33 033 546‬‬ ‫‪1 920 000‬‬ ‫‪2005‬‬
‫‪% 7.3‬‬ ‫‪33 506 567‬‬ ‫‪2 460 000‬‬ ‫‪2007‬‬
‫‪% 10.4‬‬ ‫‪33 769 669‬‬ ‫‪3 500 000‬‬ ‫‪2008‬‬
‫‪% 12‬‬ ‫‪34 178 188‬‬ ‫‪4 100 000‬‬ ‫‪2009‬‬
‫‪% 13.6‬‬ ‫‪34 586 184‬‬ ‫‪4 700 000‬‬ ‫‪2010‬‬
‫‪% 14‬‬ ‫‪37 367 226‬‬ ‫‪5 230 000‬‬ ‫‪2012‬‬
‫‪% 16.5‬‬ ‫‪38 813 722‬‬ ‫‪6 404 264‬‬ ‫‪2013‬‬
‫‪% 17.2‬‬ ‫‪38 813 722‬‬ ‫‪6 669 927‬‬ ‫‪2014‬‬
‫‪% 27.8‬‬ ‫‪39 542 166‬‬ ‫‪11 000 000‬‬ ‫‪2015‬‬
‫‪% 37.3‬‬ ‫‪40 263 711‬‬ ‫‪15 000 000‬‬ ‫‪2016‬‬
‫‪45.2 %‬‬ ‫‪41,063,753‬‬ ‫‪18,580,000‬‬ ‫‪2017‬‬
‫‪Source: Internet World Stats, Usage and Population Statistics, en ligne‬‬
‫‪[Link] consulté le 15 Avril 2018, à 14 : 00.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 3‬ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻟﻠﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻤﺘﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ )‪ 2000‬ﺇﱃ ﻏﺎﻳﺔ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ‪ (2017‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻋﺮﻑ‬
‫ﳕﻮ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﻭ ﺍﳚﺎﺑﻴﹰﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪3‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ‪ % 18,09‬ﻭ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺌﺔ ﺷﺨﺺ‬
‫ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ % 7,75‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ‪ % 93,31‬ﻭ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺗﻘﺪﺭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﳍﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﲝﻮﺍﱄ ‪ 0,193‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫‪75‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אدאאو א
א א ‪$‬א‪ !"#‬אא‬

‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ )‪ (4‬ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﲎ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﳍﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﻳﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎ‪‬ﺎ )‪(TII‬‬

‫‪Source: e-government in support of sustainable development, united nations e-government survey 2016, united nations,‬‬
‫‪New York, 2016, p. 177.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﻳﺘﺼﻔﺢ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 13,10‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﺮﻱ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﹰﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ "ﺇﻣﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ ".‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﺳﻨﻬﻢ ‪ 15‬ﻋﺎﻣﺎ ﻭﻣﺎ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻳﺘﺼﻔﺤﻮﻥ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﹰﺎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﳝﺜﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ‪ %46‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﳛﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻭ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ % 82,10‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻳﺔ ﻳﺘﺮﺩﺩﻭﻥ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﺃﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ‪ %38‬ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺇﻋﻼﻡ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﳏﺪﺩ ﻟﻠﺴﻠﻮﻙ‬
‫ﺇﺯﺍﺀ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﲝﻴﺚ ﺳﺠﻠﺖ ‪ %77‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻳﺔ ‪24-15‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭ ‪ %55‬ﻣﻦ ﻓﺌﺔ ‪ 34-25‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﻭ ‪ %32‬ﻣﻦ ﻓﺌﺔ‬
‫‪ 44-35‬ﻭ ‪ %21‬ﻣﻦ ﻓﺌﺔ ‪ 54-45‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ‪ %17‬ﻣﻦ ﻓﺌﺔ ‪ 55‬ﺳﻨﺔ ﻓﻤﺎ ﻓﻮﻕ ﻳﺘﺼﻔﺤﻮﻥ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺰﻭﺭﻭﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺎ ﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ : 5‬ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻷﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﻣﻦ ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﹰﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪-‬ﰲ‪-‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪13‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ‪-‬ﻣﺘﺼﻔﺢ‪-‬ﻳﻮﻣﻴﺎ‪-‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻳﺴﺒﻮﻙ‪-‬ﰲ‪-‬ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻻﻃﻼﻉ ‪[Link] 12‬‬
‫ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻞ ‪ 2018‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 12‬ﺳﺎ ﻭ ‪ 56‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ‪‬ﺳﺠ‪‬ﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻧﺘﺮﻧﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑـــــــ‪ 82.08‬ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺛﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪2017‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‪ 71.17‬ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ .2016‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻹﲨﺎﱄ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺘﺮﻛﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﺠﻠﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ‪ 33.815‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ‪ ،2017‬ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ 29.538‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2016‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺏ‪ 4.28‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺴﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﻲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ "ﺟﻲ‪ .‬ﺃﺱ ‪.‬ﺃ ﻡ" ﳓﻮ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ .‬ﻭﺃﺑﺮﺯﺕ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﲔ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ 2.859.157‬ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2016‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 2.954.083‬ﰲ ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ‪ ،2017‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻞ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﲔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﻴﺖ ﻣﻦ ‪ 26.679.543‬ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2016‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 33.815.995‬ﰲ ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺭﻁ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺃﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻸﻧﺘﺮﻧﻴﺖ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﺃﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﻟﻸﻧﺘﺮﻧﻴﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﻠﺖ ﻣﻦ ‪ 6.88‬ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2016‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 7.17‬ﺑﺎﳌﺎﺋﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺎﺭﺱ‬

‫‪76‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אدאאو א
א א ‪$‬א‪ !"#‬אא‬

‫‪ .2017‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻢ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﳓﻮ ‪ 50.5‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﰲ ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ )ﺟﻲ‪.‬ﺃﺱ‪.‬ﺃﻡ ﺍﳉﻴﻠﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ( ﺳﻨﺔ ‪2016‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ‪ 46.6‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2015‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺏ‪ 3.7‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﺃﻛﱠﺪﻩ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻟﻠﱪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺻﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﻭ ﻳﺪﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻣﻼﻳﲔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﲔ ﳝﺘﻠﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﳛﺔ )ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺎﺑﻞ(‬
‫‪ .2‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﻻﺷﻚ ﺃﻥ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺹ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺰﺍﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺩﻓﻌﺖ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺀ ﰲ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺝ‬
‫ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺗﺒﲏ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳍﺎﺩﻑ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﲢﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﳚﺎﰊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻹﺗﻘﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺴﲔ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻃﻠﻘﺖ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2013‬ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﻭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺫﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺗﻨﻮﻳﻊ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻟﻠﻬﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺪﺃﺕ ﰲ ﺇﻋﻄﺎﺀ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﻠﻤﻮﺳﺔ ﻧﻮﻋﺎ ﻣﺎ‪ .‬ﻭ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ " ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ" ﻭﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﻄﺮﺓ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻋﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﲑﻭﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﻄﺎﳌﺎ ﺍﺷﺘﻜﻰ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻛﱠﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻭﺭﺷﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻟﺘﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺭﻗﻤﻪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﳊﻞ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻠﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺍﲣﺬﺕ ﻋﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ‬
‫ﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻭ‪‬ﻟﺪﻭﺍ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﲨﻴﻊ ﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﳑﻜﻨﺔ ﺑﻐ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺟﻮﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺠ‪‬ﻞ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺌﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﺍﺑﲑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺸﻬﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﺃﻛﱠﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻃﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺴﻨﻮﺍ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺘﺼﺮ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﻩ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﺮﻑ ﻗﻔﺰﺓ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﴰﻠﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪‬ﻳﻌ‪‬ﺪ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﻣﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﻟﻠﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﲟﺜﺎﺑﺔ ﺛﻮﺭﺓ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻭﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺍﺑﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻟﻴﺔ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﺑﻌﺪ‬
‫ﻼ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺣﱴ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﻃﻠﺒﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻗﺎﺩﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺪﺍﺙ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ ‪ G50‬ﺍﻟﱵ ‪‬ﺗﻤ‪‬ﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻠﺌﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺎ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺜﻬﺎ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻌﺖ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﻴﺖ ﺫﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻟﻠﻬﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 70000‬ﻛﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻭ ﻫﻲ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺮﺑﻂ ﺃﺳﺮﻉ ﺑـــــ ‪ 5‬ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﺎﺳﻴﺔ )ﻣﻦ ‪ 20‬ﻣﻴﻐﺎ ﺍﻭﻛﱵ ﺇﱃ‬
‫‪ 100‬ﻣﻴﻐﺎ ﺍﻭﻛﱵ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻋﻤﻠﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻧﺘﺮﻧﻴﺖ ﺍﳍﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ‪ 4‬ﰲ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2016‬ﻭ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺃﺳﺮﻉ ﺏ ‪ 10‬ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻝ‪ 3‬ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺳﻨﻮﺍﺕ‪.‬ﻭ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ‪ 4‬ﺑﺘﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﺃﺳﺮﻉ ﻟﻠﻤﻀﺎﻣﲔ ﻭ‬

‫‪77‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אدאאو א
א א ‪$‬א‪ !"#‬אא‬

‫ﺇﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺎﺗﻒ ﺫﻛﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻞ ﺟﺪ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮﻫﺎﺕ ﲜﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺗﻴﺔ ﻭ ﲢﻤﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻫﻮﺍﺗﻔﻬﻢ ﻛﻮﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻋﻤﻞ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﻘﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻌﺰﺯ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻓﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻐﻼﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﻟﻠﻬﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ )ﻣﻮﺑﻴﻠﻴﺲ ﻭ ﺃﻭﺭﻳﺪﻭ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺯﻱ( ﻋﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺇﻗﺒﺎﻟﹰﺎ ﻛﺒﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﻲ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﻴﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﲔ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﺭﻋﻮﺍ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺇﻃﻼﻗﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﻛﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺷﺮﺍﺋﺤﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺒﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻳﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺃﻭﻟﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻣﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺼﺮﻧﺔ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻭﺃﻗﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺮﻓﻖ ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻳﻀﻤﻦ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﺒﺴﻄﺔ ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻃﻠﻘﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺑﺎﳌﻮﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ "ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ" ﻟﺘﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﳌﺴﺎﺭ ﻋﺼﺮﻧﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻜﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﻨﺪﺭﺟﺘﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﻻ ﻳﻬﺪﻑ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﻭﺃﺟﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻜﻴﺔ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ ﺑﻞ ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﰲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﺎﱄ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﻛﺎﺕ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﺍﺀ ﺳﻠﻊ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺃﻣﻨﺔ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ‪ .‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻣ‪‬ﻨﺤﺖ ﺃﺯﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ‪ 500.000‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺳﺮ ﳊﺎﻣﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻜﻴﺔ )ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﻢ ﺏ ‪ 1. 3‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ( ﰲ ﻏﻀﻮﻥ ﺃﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺧﺼﺖ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺑﻨﻮﻙ ﻭﻋﺸﺮ ﺷﺮﻛﺎﺕ‪48.‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﰎ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﳉﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻛﺨﻄﻮﺓ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻋﺼﺮﻧﺔ ﻭ ﺭﻗﻤﻨﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺟﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﻛﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻭ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻠﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﱪ ‪ 1541‬ﺑﻠﺪﻳﺔ ﺑﺄﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻵﱄ‪ .‬ﻳﺪﻝ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻬﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻟﻮﺿﻌﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻼﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﻼﺩ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ .49‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻣﺖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺑﺈﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ‪ 2016‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗ‪‬ﻮﻓﺮ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺗﻔﻮﻕ )ﺍﻷﺩﻱ ﺃﺱ ﺃﻝ( ﻣﻦ ‪ 2‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 3‬ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﻦ ‪ 05‬ﺇﱃ ‪ 10‬ﻣﺮﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺳﻴﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﺸﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻟﻠﻬﺎﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺃﻛﱪ ﺃﻗﻄﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻃﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺒﺬﻭﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻋﺼﺮﻧﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻱ ﻛﻤﺎ ‪‬ﻳﻌ‪‬ﺪ ﺭﻛﻴﺰﺓ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ‪ .‬ﻭ ﳍﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺑﺘﻜﺜﻴﻒ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻣﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﲢﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻛﻴﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻢ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﺮﺻﺪ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺗ‪‬ﺴﻨﺪ ﻟﻪ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺣﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﰲ "ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﲑﻭﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻧﻌﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ"‪ .‬ﺣﻴﺚ‬
‫ﺧ‪‬ﺼﺺ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﺑﲔ ‪ 2000‬ﻭ‪ 2013‬ﻏﻼﻑ ﻣﺎﱄ ﻳﻘﺪﺭ ﺑـ ‪ 1666‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﺩﺝ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭ ﻟﻘﺪ ﺻﻨﻒ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ ﻟﻼﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 2014‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪128‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﻞ ‪135‬ﺩﻭﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳ‪‬ﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﻃﺊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﻘﻘﺘﻪ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﳓﻮ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﰲ ﺣﲔ ﺍﺣﺘﻠﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 150‬ﻋﺎﳌﻴﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮ ﺑـــ‪ 0,299‬ﻭ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ 0,065‬ﺃﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺑﻠﻐﺖ ‪0,193‬ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 2016‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﻮﺿﺤﻪ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬

‫‪78‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אدאאو א
א א ‪$‬א‪ !"#‬אא‬

‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ :5‬ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪2016‬‬

‫‪Source: E-government in support of sustainable development, united nations e-government survey 2016, UNITED‬‬
‫‪NATIONS, New York, 2016, p. 154.‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺎ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻗﺪ ﺑﻠﻎ ‪ 0,1186‬ﲟﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘﺎﺭﺏ ‪ %13,3‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﲢﺘﻞ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ‪ 167‬ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺎﺳﻨﺔ ‪2016‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﻠﻤﺎ ﻳﺒﲔ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ :6‬ﻣﺆﺷﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ )‪ (EPI‬ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪2016‬‬

‫‪Source: E-government in support of sustainable development, united nations e-government survey 2016, united nations,‬‬
‫‪New York, 2016, p. 171.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﺇﻃﻼﻗﻬﺎ ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﺎﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﳌﻤﻼﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﲑﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ‬
‫)‪ (OACI‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺧﻔﻀﺖ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻭ ﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻠﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﻋﺼﺮﻧﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﻳﻬﺪﻑ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﻭ ﲣﻔﻴﻒ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﲑﻭﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﰎ ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 12‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺑﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮﻱ ﻭ ‪ 7‬ﻣﻼﻳﲔ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ‪ 2017‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺒﻠﻮﻍ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ 502022‬؛‬
‫ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺭﻗﻤﻨﺔ ﺇﻣﻀﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﲔ ﺍﳌﻘﺮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ ﺑﺎﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﲔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻜﹼﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﳌﻤﻀﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺘﻪ ﲞﺼﻮﺹ ﳏﺘﻮﻯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﳌﻤﻀﻰ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﻣﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﳋﻄﻲ؛‬
‫ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳍﻮﺍﺗﻒ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻟﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ ،‬ﺃﻃﻠﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺣﻴﺚ ﰎ ﻣﻨﺢ ﺃﺯﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ‪ 500.000‬ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺳﺮ ﳊﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﻄﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻜﻴﺔ )ﺍﳌﻘﺪﺭ ﻋﺪﺩﻫﻢ ﺏ ‪ 1. 3‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ( ﰲ ﻏﻀﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺧﺼﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺑﻨﻮﻙ ﻭﻋﺸﺮ ﺷﺮﻛﺎﺕ؛‬
‫ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺑﺎﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺎﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ؛‬
‫ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻲ ﺍﳊﺜﻴﺚ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﳓﻮ ﲡﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ "ﺭﺷﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﲑﻭﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﻭ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ"؛‬
‫ ﺍﳊﻔﺎﻅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﺇﻫﺪﺍﺭ ﻭﺗﺒﺬﻳﺮ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻓﺔ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺭﻛﻴﺔ ﺑﺘﻌﺒﺌﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ﺧﺎﺻ ﹰﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻴﲑ ﺍﶈﻠﻲ؛‬
‫ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺠﻴﻞ ﺑﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌﲔ ﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻬﺎ؛‬

‫‪79‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אدאאو א
א א ‪$‬א‪ !"#‬אא‬

‫ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻹﻃﻼﻕ ﺭﺧﺼﺔ ﺳﻴﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﻴﻮﻣﺘﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻮﺍﺩﺙ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ ﻭ ﻛﺬﺍ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ؛‬
‫ ﻭﻣﺴﺖ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ "ﺳﺘﺰﻭﺩ ﺑﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺑﻐﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳊﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ؛‬
‫ ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﻭ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺎ ﲢﻤﻲ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺁﻓﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻧﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺑﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ ﻭ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺯﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ؛‬
‫ ﲢﺴﲔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻔﻞ ﺑﺎﻧﺸﻐﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ؛‬
‫ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﻭ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ؛‬
‫ ﺇﻥﱠ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻭﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﳚﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺘﺼﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻮ‪‬ﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻃﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻌﺒﺔ ﻓﺈ ﱠﻥ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺠﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱄ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻃﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﺤﲔ ﺍﳉﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ )ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ( ﲰﺢ ﻟﻠﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﻣﺎ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﻪ‬
‫‪ 100‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﺳﻨﺘﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻳﻮﻧﺲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳋﺒﲑ ﰲ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻗﺎﺋﻼ ﺇﻧ‪‬ﻪ ﻟﻮ ﺣﺎﻭﻟﻨﺎ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺯﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ )ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﲟﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﻃﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﻭ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻀﺮﺍﺋﺐ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﳉﻤﺎﺭﻙ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻮﻙ ﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ( ﹶﻟ‪‬ﺘ ‪‬ﻢ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﳌﻼﻳﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﺑﺘﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﳉﻬﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻭﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ ﲰﺤﺖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺈﻗﺼﺎﺀ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ 16800‬ﻣﻠﻒ ﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪﻝ ﻟﻠﺴﻜﻦ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ )ﺍﻹﻗﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻱ‬
‫ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ(‪.‬‬
‫ ﻓﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﲡﻨﺐ ﺍﳋﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﺜﻼ ﻹﺧﺮﺍﺝ ‪ 50‬ﺍﻟﻒ ﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﻳﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻫﺬﺍ ‪ 50‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺳﻨﺘﻴﻢ‬
‫‪51‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃ‪‬ﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﺘﺰﻭﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﺷﻮﺓ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﲑﻭﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃ ﱠﻥ ﻋﺼﺮﻧﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻳﺮﻓﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺮﺩﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﺇﳚﺎﺑﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ‬
‫‪‬ﺗﻌ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺪﻓﻌﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺼﺮﻧﺔ ﻭ ﲢﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ‪ .‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﺓ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻗﺼﺪ ﻗﻀﺎﺀ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻌﻞ ﺃﻫﻢ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﲑﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻨﺸﻴﻂ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻛﺬﺍ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻜﺮﺱ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ ﺭﻭﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻤﺎﺀ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﳛﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻛﻜﻞ‪ .‬ﲤﺜﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﺳﻠﻮﺑﹰﺎ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻳﹰﺎ ﻣﺘﻄﻮﺭﹰﺍ ﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻦ‪ .‬ﲝﻴﺚ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﻟﺮﻓﻊ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻲ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺷﻴﺪ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺗﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﺎﱏ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺑﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻲ ﺍﳊﺎﺻﻞ ﰲ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ ﺟﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻧﻘﻠﺖ ﻣﻌﻈﻢ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﺑﺈﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺎﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻼ ﻛﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﺟﻮﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﱪ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺁﻣﻨﺔ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻳﺔ‪ .‬ﺇ ﱠﻥ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﲢﻘﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﲔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻓﻊ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻸﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ ﻭﺗﺴﻬﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻘﻀﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭ ﻗﺪ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﳌﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺁﺛﺎﺭ ﺍﳚﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬

‫‪80‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אدאאو א
א א ‪$‬א‪ !"#‬אא‬

‫ﻣﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺇﳚﺎﰊ‪ .‬ﳛﻤﻞ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﳐﺎﻃﺮ ﺃﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﺪﺓ ﻛﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺧﺮﻕ ﻭ ﻗﺮﺻﻨﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻪ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﳑﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﺪﻋﻲ ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑ‬
‫ﻷﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﲟﻮﺍﺯﺍﺓ ﻭ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺍﻻﻃﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺴﺮﻳﺒﺎﺕ ﺇﺩﻭﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﺳﻨﻮﺩﻥ‪ .‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﳋﻄﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟـ‪ Botnet‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﳋﺒﻴﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﺘﻬﺪﻑ ﻭ ﺗﻀﺮﺏ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻟﻪ ﲞﺪﻣﺎﺗﻪ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻮﻱ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺧﺒﻴﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺑﺈﺳﺘﻄﺎﻋﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻴﻼﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ ﺍﻻﺋﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻣﺎ ﳜﺸﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﻗﺔ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﺧﺬ ﺑﻌﲔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﻱ ﺧﻄﺄ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺠﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻳﻔﻘﺪ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﻻﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﰲ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺍﻻﳒﺎﺯ ﻭ ﻻﺯﺍﻟﺖ ﺑﺬﺭ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﺗﻨﻤﻮ ﻭ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﻄﻲﺀ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻷﺟﻨﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺎﻗﺔ ﻟﺘﺒﲏ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺎ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﻤﻰ ﺑﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﲢﺴﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻳﺮﻗﻰ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻃﻤﻮﺣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ‪ .‬ﻭ ﻭﻓﻖ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺒﻪ ﺣﺎﺟﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻟﺰﺍﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻮﺍﻛﺒﺔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﳊﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻤﺎﺷﻰ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﳊﺎﺻﻞ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﰎ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﻧﻮﺭﺩ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﲟﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺃﳘﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﶈﺎﺿﺮﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺵ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﺟﻮﻫﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻘﻴﺎﻣﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﳍﻴﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﲟﺎ ﻳﺘﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺣﻠﻮﻝ ﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻭ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﺒﺢ ﺳﲑ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺷﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﲤﺎﺷﻴﹰﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺍﺣﺪﺙ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺔ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺭﻓﻊ‬
‫ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺇﻃﺎﺭﺍ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ‪.‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﻭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭ ﺧﻄﺔ ﺗﺴﲑ ﻭﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﲣﺼﺼﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻔﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﺍﺗﺼﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﲡﺴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﺪﺛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪.‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﲣﺼﻴﺺ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﳎﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻵﱄ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﳚﺐ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻷﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪﺓ ﻫﻲ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺪﳝﺔ ﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻻ ﻳﻜﻔﻲ ﺇﺫ ﳚﺐ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺭﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺇﱄ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﳌﺴﺒﻖ ﳌﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﺪﻳﺪﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ )ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺒﺆ ﺑﺎﳌﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻣﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﺎﻝﹴ ﳌﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺴ‪‬ﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻭﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻛﻤﺜﺎﻝ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺩﰊ ﰲ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ‪ ،Connected City‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻹﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺪﺍﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ‬

‫‪81‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אدאאو א
א א ‪$‬א‪ !"#‬אא‬

‫ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻣﺰﻭﺩﺓ ﺑﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺳﺎﺧﻨﺔ ‪ Hotspot‬ﺗﺘﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﱐ ﺇﱃ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳ‪‬ﺘﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺗﻪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻋﱪ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻠﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﻵﱄ ﺑﺄﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﻗﻮﻳﺔ ﻓﻘﺪ ﳛﺪﺙ ﲡﺴﺲ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﺮﺍﻕ ﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎﺧﺘﺮﺍﻕ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺆﺧﺮﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻷﻣﲏ ﰲ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺭﺷﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﺎﺋﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﻇﻔﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﲏ ﻳﺴﺘﻄﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺲ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺿﻌﻴﻔﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻳﺪﻱ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺧﱪﺓ ﳌﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻨﺠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻼ )ﺇﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ /‬ﲣﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ /‬ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ(‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﻭﻳﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﻐﺶ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﰐ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻹﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﲣﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺳﺮﻗﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ‬
‫ﻟﻠﱪﺍﻣﺞ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺴﺲ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﰐ ﻭ ﺟﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ −‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﳓﻮ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﺪﺭﳚﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺃﻱ ﺧﻠﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻌﻄﻞ ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺟﻴﻞ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻗﺪ ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻟﺬﺍ ﻳ‪‬ﻔﻀﻞ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮﻫﺎ ﻗﺪ ﺍﺭﺗﻘﺖ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﳋﱪﺓ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﻳﺔ ﺣﺘ‪‬ﻰ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺤﺪﺛﺔ ﺑﻜ ﹼﻞ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻱ ﻋﻮﺍﺋﻖ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻗﻠﻢ ﻣﻌﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪82‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אدאאو א
א א ‪$‬א‪ !"#‬אא‬

‫ﺍﳍﻮﺍﻣﺶ‬

‫‪ 1‬ﲰﲑﺓ ﻣﻄﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﲟﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.24 .‬‬
‫‪ 2‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻌﺠﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﻄﻨﺒﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺎ‪ ،1960 ،‬ﺹ‪.302 .‬‬
‫‪ 3‬ﻛﺸﻚ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪‬ﺠﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺀ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺓ‪ ،1999 ،‬ﺹ‪.4 .‬‬
‫‪ 4‬ﺍﳊﻤﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺴﺎﻡ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﻭ ﺍﳊﻤﻴﻀﻲ ﻭ ﻟﻴﺪ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺳﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺑﺪﻭﻝ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻭﻥ ﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﲝﺜﻴﺔ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺪﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﻌﻘﺪﺓ ﲟﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،2004 ،‬ﺹ‪.3 .‬‬
‫‪ 5‬ﺍﳊﻤﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺑﺴﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ‪.‬ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ‪.‬ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ ‪: 29‬ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ‪،2002‬ﺹ ‪.‬‬
‫‪32‬‬
‫‪6‬ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ‪.‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ ‪:‬ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﳋﱪﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﺩﺍﺭﺓ‪، 2003 ،‬ﺹ‪95‬‬
‫‪ 7‬ﺍﻟﺴﺎﳌﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼﺀ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﺍﺋﻞ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﺭﺩﻥ‪ ، 2008 ،‬ﺹ‪.32 .‬‬
‫‪ 8‬ﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﻠﻜﺎﻭﻱ‪" ،‬ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ"‪،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﺱ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﲏ ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﱵ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪، 19‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻧﻮﻓﻤﱪ ‪ ، 2002‬ﺹ‪.50 .‬‬
‫‪ 9‬ﻋﺎﻣﺮ‪،‬ﻃﺎﺭﻕ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺴﺤﺎﺏ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ ، 2007 ،‬ﺹ ‪.28‬‬
‫‪10‬ﳏﻤﺪ‪،‬ﺍﳌﺘﻮﱄ‪،‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﲝﺚ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﺩﰊ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﻣﻦ ‪ 24‬ﺇﱃ ‪26‬‬
‫ﺇﺑﺮﻳﻞ ‪، 2003‬ﺹ‪.18 .‬‬
‫‪11‬‬
‫‪Zhiyuanfang , E_Government in Digital era : Concept, practice, and Development ,International ,Journal of the‬‬
‫‪Internet and Management, vol.1.,no , 2, 2002, p. 3.‬‬
‫‪12‬ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻣﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﻃﺎﺭﻕ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،2004 ،‬ﺹ‪10 .‬‬
‫‪13‬ﻳﺎﺳﲔ‪ ،‬ﺳﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺁﻓﺎﻕ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪ ، 2005 ،‬ﺹ‪. 22 .‬‬
‫‪ 14‬ﺍﳍﻮﺵ‪،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺑﻜﺮ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻫﺮﺓ‪،‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ، 2006،‬ﺹ‪.410 .‬‬
‫‪ 15‬ﻛﻠﺜﻢ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺴﻲ‪ ،2008 ،‬ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.31 .‬‬
‫‪ 16‬ﳒﻢ‪ ،‬ﳒﻢ ﻋﺒﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺮﻳﺦ ﻟﻠﻨﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪ ، 2004 ،‬ﺹ‪.127 .‬‬
‫‪ 17‬ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﻣﻮﻧﻪ‪" ،‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪ e-RHM‬ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﻏﺰﺓ" ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ‪-‬ﻏﺰﺓ‪ ،2009 ،‬ﺹ‪.30 .‬‬
‫‪ 18‬ﺍﻳﻬﺎﺏ ﲬﻴﺲ ﺍﲪﺪ ﺍﳌﲑ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﺑﺎﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﺑﻮﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔﰲ‬
‫ﳑﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﻣﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،2007 ،‬ﺹ‪.13 .‬‬
‫‪ 19‬ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺃﻣﻮﻧﻪ‪ ،2009 ،‬ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.30 .‬‬
‫‪20‬ﺍﻟﻄﻌﺎﻣﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﳏﻤﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﻃﺎﺭﻕ ﺷﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،2004 ،‬ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ 11 .‬ﻭ ‪.12‬‬
‫‪ 21‬ﻛﻠﺜﻢ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺴﻲ‪" ،‬ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻗﻄﺮ" ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ ،2008 ،‬ﺹ‪.30 .‬‬
‫‪22‬ﻃﺎﺭﻕ ﳎﺪﻭﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ‪.‬ﺑﲑﻭﺕ‪ :‬ﻣﻨﺸﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻠﱯ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻗﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪ ،2005 ،1‬ﺹ‪. 923‬‬
‫‪ 23‬ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺑﻦ ﺻﺎﱀ ﺑﻦ ﺧﻠﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻱ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﺭﺱ ﻭ‬
‫ﻭﻛﻼﺋﻬﺎ ﲟﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺱ‪ ،‬ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺑﻮﻳﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺃﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻮﺩﻳﺔ‪ ,2008 ،‬ﺹ‪.19 .‬‬
‫‪ 24‬ﻛﻠﺜﻢ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺴﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﻗﻄﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﻣﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،2008 ،‬ﺹ‪ 38 .‬ﻭ ‪.39‬‬
‫‪ 25‬ﻣﺮﻭﺍﻥ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻷﻏﺎ‪ ،‬ﺧﻠﻴﻞ ﺟﻌﻔﺮ ﺣﺠﺎﺝ ﻭ ﺭﺅﻯ ﻋﻠﻲ ﻛﺴﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻠﺴﻄﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﻏﺰﺓ ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻷﺯﻫﺮ‪-‬ﻏﺰﺓ‪ ،‬ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪، 2012‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺪ ‪، 14‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‪ ، 1‬ﺹ‪.76 .‬‬
‫‪ 26‬ﲰﲑﺓ ﻣﻄﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﻌﻮﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻲ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﲟﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻣﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺮﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻱ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.27 .‬‬
‫‪ 27‬ﳌﲔ ﻋﻠﻮﻃﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻻﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﲝﻮﺙ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ 42‬ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ‪ ،2008‬ﺹ‪ 147 .‬ﻭ ‪.148‬‬
‫‪28‬ﻓﺮﻃﺎﺱ ﻓﺘﻴﺤﺔ‪ ،2016 ،‬ﻋﺼﺮﻧﺔ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﰲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ‪ ،15‬ﺍ‪‬ﻠﺪ ‪ ،2‬ﺹ‪.309 .‬‬
‫‪29‬‬
‫‪Daniel Chavez (ed), Beyond the Market: The Future of Public Services, TNI Public Services Yearbook 2005, p. 6.‬‬

‫‪83‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אدאאو א
א א ‪$‬א‪ !"#‬אא‬

‫‪30‬‬
‫‪[Link] & wirtz. J: Services Marketing: People, Technology, Strategy, 5Th edition, Prentice Hall, 2004, p.9.‬‬
‫‪ 31‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﺎﻥ ﺇﺩﺭﻳﺲ‪ " :‬ﺍﳌﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ"‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺼﺮ‪ ،2001 ،‬ﺹ‪.445 .‬‬
‫‪32‬‬
‫‪Horgues-debat.J, Service public et au public : de quoi parle-t-on ? -Définition et classement des termes et des‬‬
‫‪concepts, Association pour le Développement en Réseau des Territoires et des Services (ADRETS) , 2007. p. 3.‬‬
‫‪33‬‬
‫‪Jaques Chevallier, le service public, 1er édition ,press universitaires de France, France, 1971. p. 21.‬‬
‫‪34‬‬
‫‪EVANSCHITZKY. H, GOPALKRISHNAN R. I, E-services- opportunities and threats, Springer, USA, 2007, p. 16.‬‬
‫‪35‬ﺩﺟﻼﻡ ﻛﺮﳝﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻮﻛﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ‪:‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﺍﳊﻮﻛﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﻣﻲ ‪ 29‬ﻭ ‪ 30‬ﺍﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ‪ ،2014‬ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺑﻮﻣﺮﺩﺍﺱ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ .5 .‬ﺹ ﺹ‪.14-1 .‬‬
‫‪36‬ﻋﺪ ﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺳﲑﺗﻔﻊ ﺇﱃ ‪ 4,157‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺨﺺ ‪‬ﺎﻳﺔ ‪ ،17/09/2016 ،2016‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ‪ ،‬ﰎ ﺍﻻﻃﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ‪ 21‬ﻓﻴﻔﺮﻱ ‪ 2018‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬
‫‪17‬ﺳﺎ ﻭ ‪ 45‬ﺩ‪[Link]
‫‪373.7‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻺﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ )‪[Link]
‫(‪ ،‬ﰎ ﺍﻻﻃﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ‪ 19‬ﺍﻭﺕ ‪ ،2017‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 19‬ﺳﺎ ﻭ ‪ 4‬ﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 38‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻲ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺣﻮﺍﱄ ‪ 4.3‬ﻣﻠﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺨﺺ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻈﻤﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ،[Link] ﺍﻻﻃﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‪ 15 :‬ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻞ ‪ 2018‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 18‬ﺳﺎ ﻭ ‪ 55‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 39‬ﻣﺮﱘ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺣﺴﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﳎﻠﺔ ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﻐﺪﺍﺩ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﲟﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ‪ ،2013 ،‬ﺹ‪.452 .‬‬
‫‪ 40‬ﺭﻭﺑﺮﺕ ﻫﺎﺭﺟﺮﻭﻑ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻱ‪ ،2002 ،‬ﺹ‪.2 .‬‬
‫‪ 41‬ﻣﺮﱘ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺣﺴﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،2013 ،‬ﺹ‪.453 .‬‬
‫‪42‬ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺩﰊ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺆﻛﹼﺪ ﺟﺎﻫﺰﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ "ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ"‪ ،2013 ،‬ﰎ ﺍﻻﻃﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ‪ 23‬ﻓﻴﻔﺮﻱ ‪ 2017‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 21‬ﻭ ‪20‬ﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪[Link]
‫‪43‬ﺍﻹﻣﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻋﺮﺑﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ‪ 31 ،2016‬ﺟﻮﻳﻠﻴﺔ ‪ ،2016‬ﰎ ﺍﻻﻃﻼﻉ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ‪ 24‬ﻓﻴﻔﺮﻱ ‪ ،2017‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 17‬ﺳﺎ ﻭ ‪ 32‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪[Link]
‫‪releases/2016/7/31/uae-ranks-8th-globally-and-1st-regionally-in-uns-2016-e-smart-services-‬‬
‫‪[Link]‬‬
‫‪ 44‬ﺍﻳﺖ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﺧﺪﺍﻭﻱ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻰ‪" ،‬ﺩﻭﺭ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﻙ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﲝﺜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﻮﻝ‬
‫"ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻠﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ"‪ 18 ،‬ﻧﻮﻓﻤﱪ ‪ ،2015‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ 10 .‬ﻭ ‪.11‬‬
‫‪ 45‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﲪﺰﺓ ﺑﻦ ﻗﺮﻳﻨﺔ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻟﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻣﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﲝﺜﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻠﺘﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺣﻮﻝ "ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻠﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ"‪ 18 ،‬ﻧﻮﻓﻤﱪ ‪ ،2015‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.17 .‬‬
‫‪ 1146‬ﻣﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻸﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،2013 ،‬ﰎ ﺍﻻﻃﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ‪ 21‬ﻓﻴﻔﺮﻱ ‪ 2017‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪15‬ﺳﺎ ﻭ ‪15‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪[Link]
‫‪ 47‬ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﻷﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪ ،‬ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ‪ ،2015‬ﰎ ﺍﻻﻃﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ‪ 21‬ﻓﻴﻔﺮﻱ ‪ ،2017‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 12‬ﻭ ‪32‬ﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ‪[Link]
‫‪48‬ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺗﻔﺮﺽ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺳﻨﺔ ‪ ،2016‬ﻳﻮﻡ ‪ 31‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪ ، 2016‬ﰎ ﺍﻻﻃﻼﻉ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﰲ ‪ 21‬ﻓﻴﻔﺮﻱ‪ ،2017‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 21‬ﺳﺎ ﻭ ‪ 02‬ﺩ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪[Link] ،‬‬
‫‪49‬ﻭﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﻧﺒﺎﺀ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﳉﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ ﰲ ﺧﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﻮﻡ ‪ 02‬ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ‪ ،2016‬ﰎ ﺍﻻﻃﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻳﻮﻡ ‪21‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﻔﺮﻱ ‪ 2017‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 22‬ﺳﺎ ﻭ‪30‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ‪[Link]
‫‪ 50‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﻭﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﻧﻮﺭﺩﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﻭﻱ‪،‬‬
‫‪51‬ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﻝ‪ ،2017 ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ..‬ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻟﻠﻤﻼﻳﲑ ﻭﳏﺎﺭﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﺮﺷﻮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﲑﻭﻗﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﰎ ﺍﻻﻃﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ‪،‬‬
‫‪ ، [Link] ‪ 15‬ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻞ ‪ 2018‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻋﺔ ‪ 20‬ﺳﺎ ﻭ ‪ 54‬ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪84‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

< <
ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥
‫"!א אوא‬#$‫אא
א
وא'&دא‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﳓﻮ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺍﳌﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎﺀ‬

‫ ﻋﺰﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﲪﻠﺔ‬.‫ﺩ‬.‫ﻁ‬ ‫ ﻋﺜﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﻼﻡ‬.‫ﺩ‬

‫ﻃﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ‬ "‫ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﳏﺎﺿﺮ"ﺃ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﺮﺓ – ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﻳﺮﺓ – ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬
azeddinehamla89@[Link] Athmaneeco@[Link]

:‫ﺍﳌﻠﺨﺺ‬

‫ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﹰﺎ ﻋﻦ‬،‫ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﺇﱃ ﳎﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﰒ ﺇﱃ ﳎﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬‫ ﻣﻦ ﺍ‬،‫ﺎ‬‫ﻻ ﺷﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺧﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳌﺘﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﲢﻮﻻ‬
‫ﺬﺍ ﺣﺎﻭﻟﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﺔ ﺍﻹﳌﺎﻡ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺃﻻ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﺘﱪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ‬‫ ﻭ‬،‫ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻣﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻻﺕ‬
‫ ﻭﻋﻠﻴﺔ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ‬.‫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬،‫ﻟﺘﺤﺴﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻲ ﻟﻴﺼﺒﺢ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻭﻓﺎﻋﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﲡﻬﺖ ﺟﻬﻮﺩ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﻴﺔ‬،‫ﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﳎﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‬‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄ‬
‫ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﻭﻟﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻣﺒﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﳓﻮ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﺔ‬
‫ ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺇﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‬،‫ﺪﻑ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﻭﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺣﻴﺚ ﰎ ﺩﳎﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ ﻭﺿﻤﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬.‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﰎ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ‬،2013-2009 ‫ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﺒﺎ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺎ ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺣﺘﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﻠﻮﻝ ﻟﻠﻌﻘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﰲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬
.‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻩ ﺃﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺟﺢ‬
.‫ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬،‫ ﲢﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ‬،‫ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬،‫ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬،‫ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺟﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ‬

Le résumé :
La majorité des pays du monde ont commencé à développer leur politique, en adéquation avec il est certain que le retard
observé dans le suivi des pays développés dans toutes leurs mutations, allant du monde de l’industrie au monde de
l’information passant par le monde du savoir est un résultat principalement du à l’incapacité de posséder les clés de ces
changements, on va essayer par le biais de cette feuille de cerner un sujet important à savoir le E-gouvernement qui est
considéré comme étant un outil pour améliorer la situation gouvernementale afin qu’elle soit plus efficace, ainsi
l’instauration de la transparence et l’efficacité dans la gestion de l’état, par conséquent l’adoption de l’E-gouvernement
est une opération de changement capable d’élargir les domaines de l’économie nouvelle soutenue sur le savoir et la
technologies et les nouvelles applications, pour ces raisons les efforts de la majorité des pays se sont orientés vers une
économie basée sur l’information et le savoir et vers un E-gouvernement efficient.
L’Algérie a donne une importance majeur aux Tics et leurs intégration dans les entreprises publiques pour développer
l’administration et améliorer les services offerts aux citoyens, sans oublier le lancement de sa stratégie concernant l’E-
gouvernement pour la période 2009-2013
par ailleurs il y a eu l’inauguration du portail du citoyen électronique et le lancement de quelques services on line, il
faut signaler ici que E-gouvernement n’est pas une revendication conjoncturelle, il s’agit de relancer et trouver des
solutions pour les contraintes qui s’opposent à ce genre de gouvernement et l’intéressement associé a l’économie du
savoir et du facteur humain qui est considéré comme la base de la mutation électronique réussie
Mots clés : Algérie, Technologie de l'Information et de la communication, Economie du savoir, E-government.

85 2018 ‫ ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ‬:‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אא
א
وא'&دא‪!"#$‬א אوא‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺗﻨﺎﻣﻲ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﳓﻮ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻣﺒﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ_ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ_‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺃﻓﺮﺯﺕ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﺍ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺎ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺻﺒﺤﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻮﺭﺩﺍ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺍ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺟﻌﻞ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ‬
‫ﺩﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺗﺘﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﻡ ﰲ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻣﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺑﲔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺴﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻋﱪ ﺇﺣﻼﻝ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ''ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ''‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺃﻃﻠﻘﺖ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﻟﻠﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﺎﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ ﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺩﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﲟﺠﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺷﺠﻊ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻲ ﰲ ﺍﺯﺩﻫﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﻜﲑ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺷﱴ ﻣﻨﺎﺣﻲ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﹰﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﺡ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻣﺪﻯ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻤﻦ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ؟‬
‫ﻭﻟﻺﺣﺎﻃﺔ ﲜﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰎ ﺩﻋﻤﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫• ﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﻘﺼﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﺃﳘﻴﺘﻬﺎ ؟‬
‫• ﻣﺎﺫﺍ ﻧﻌﲏ ﲟﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ؟‬
‫• ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻒ ﺣﺎ ﹺﺟﺰﹰﺍ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ؟‬
‫ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‪ :‬ﺪﻑ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﳌﺎﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫• ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﳘﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻓﻬﺎ؛‬
‫• ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ؛‬
‫• ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻛﻤﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ؛‬
‫• ﺗﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮﻳﺔ ﳓﻮ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻣﻌﺮﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻟﻺﳌﺎﻡ ﲜﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺍﶈﺎﻭﺭ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ؛‬
‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭﺃﺛﺮﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ؛‬
‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻋﺮﺍﻗﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﳓﻮ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ؛‬
‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﺮ ﳓﻮ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﻳﻌﺪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﺑﺜﻮﺭﺓ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﺛﺮﺕ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻛﺒﲑ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻲ ﻭﺃﺩﺍﺋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻳﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻭﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺃﺩﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻌﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‪ -‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﻟﻘﺪ ﺍﺧﺘﻠﻔﺖ ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻧﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻛﺎﻵﰐ‪:‬‬

‫‪86‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אא
א
وא'&دא‪!"#$‬א אوא‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻋﺮ‪‬ﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﻨﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﻋﺎﻡ ‪ 2005‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻳﻀﺔ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﺪﻳﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﻭﲢﻮﻳﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﺰﻳﺪﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻛﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ‪.1‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻳﻘﺼﺪ ﺑﺎﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻭﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻭﺩﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ ﻭﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﻛﻠﻔﺔ ﳑﻜﻨﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺃﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺪﺍﻭﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻥ‪.2‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﻌ‪‬ﺎﻝ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻐﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻭﺗﺴﺮﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ )ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ_ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ( ﻭﺑﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﻓﺮﺍﺩ )ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ_ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ(‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ )ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ_ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ(‪.3‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻭﻳﻌﺮﻓﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻵﺧﺮ ﺑﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺮﺍﺩﻑ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺗﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻴﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﲑﻭﻗﺮﺍﻃﻲ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ‬
‫ﺇﻳﺼﺎﻝ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﳍﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﻭﻋﺎﺩﻝ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺰﺍﻫﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﺀﻟﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ‪.4‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫• ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ؛‬
‫• ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ ) ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ (؛‬
‫• ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻓﺘﺮﺍﺿﻴﺔ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﳐﺮﺟﺎ‪‬ﺎ؛‬
‫• ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﻮﺭﺩ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﳍﺎ؛‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‪ -‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﲢﺘﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺭﺯﺓ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﲢﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺇﱃ ﻗﺮﻳﺔ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﺑﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻹﻋﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼﺕ ﲨﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻹﳌﺎﻡ ﺑﺄﳘﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻛﺎﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﺤﻘﻖ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﻙ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺠﺪﺍﺗﻪ ﺃﺻﺒﺢ ﳛﻜﻢ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﻣﺘﻤﻴﺰ‬
‫ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﱀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﻩ ﲤﺜﻞ ﺭﻛﺎﺋﺰ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺻﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﱄ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﻭﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻹﺻﻼﺡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻟﻘﺪ ﰎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﺳﺒﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺁﺧﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻥ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺻﻼﺡ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻳﻠﺰﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺑﻨﻤﻂ ﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺿﻮﺡ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻴﺢ ﺟﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻟﻄﻠﺒﺎ‪‬ﻢ‪.5‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻬﻤﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺒﻮﻫﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻠﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﲔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﻷ‪‬ﺎ‬‫‪ -2‬ﺗﻌﺪ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﺗﻌﲏ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﻭﻗﺒﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲﺀ ﺗﺪﻓﻖ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻼﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﳍﺎ ﻋﱪ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻓﺘﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﺿﺪ‬
‫ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺗﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺑﺼﺎﻧﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﻟﺘﺤﻔﻴﺰﻫﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﻖ ﻭﳏﺎﺻﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺟﺘﺜﺎﺙ ﺟﺬﻭﺭﻩ ﲟﻌﲎ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﻌﲏ ﺍﻻﻧﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ‪‬ﻴﻜﻞ ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﺸﺪ ﻭﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻴﻤﺔ‪.6‬‬
‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:7‬‬
‫• ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺷﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺗﺴﺘﺠﻴﺐ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﳊﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﺑﺄﻗﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ؛‬
‫• ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺭﻗﻲ؛‬

‫‪87‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אא
א
وא'&دא‪!"#$‬א אوא‬
‫• ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﳜﺺ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ؛‬
‫• ﻛﺴﺮ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺟﺰ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻬﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﻊ؛‬
‫• ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﲝﻴﺚ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻭﺳﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﻳﺴﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺗﻪ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺻﺒﻐﺔ ﺭﻗﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ‬
‫ﳜﺺ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ :01‬ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺮﺍﲡﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬
‫_ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ_ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ‬
‫_ﲢﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ_ ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﳉﻮﺩﺓ _ﺍﳌﻮﺛﻮﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺩﰊ‬
‫_ﺩﳝﻘﺮﺍﻃﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ_ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻐﺎﻝ‬
‫_ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻨﻐﺎﻓﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫_ﲢﺴﲔ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻭﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻤﻠﻜﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﺳﻌﺪ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﻳﺎﺳﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺁﻓﺎﻕ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻚ ﻓﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ ،2001 ،‬ﺹ‪.76 :‬‬
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‪ -‬ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺄﻧﻪ ﳝﺜﻞ ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﺒﺘﻜﺮ ﻣﺒﲏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺧﺺ ﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﺪﺍﻗﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣ‪‬ﻜﺮﺳﹰﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻣﻮﺟﻬﹰﺎ ﳋﺪﻣﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﲟﻮﺍﻃﻨﻴﻪ ﻭﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬
‫ﳑﻴﺰﺓ ﺗﺮﺍﻋﻲ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻼﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻮﺍﻕ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻬﺪﻓﺔ ﻭﳛﻘﻖ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻓﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺮﺗﺒﻂ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺑﺘﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺑﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﺑﺪﺍﻉ ﰲ ﺇﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺗﻐﻴﲑﺍﺕ ﺟﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﰲ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺈﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺗﻐﻴﲑﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻨﲔ ﻭﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﻣﻊ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ 01‬ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺧﺪﻣﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﹰﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪88‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪2018‬‬

‫< <‬
‫‪ì…^rjÖ]æ<^’jÎøÖ<ð^´<í×¥‬‬
‫אא
א
وא'&دא‪!"#$‬א אوא‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺭﻗﻢ ‪ :01‬ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺘﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺨﺩﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻝﻜﺘﺭﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﺒﺘﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻉ‬

‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻜﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﻭﻤﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﺸﻔﺎﻓﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺍﻝﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺎﺭﻜﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‪ :‬ﺳﺤﺮ ﻗﺪﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﻓﺎﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺳﺒﻞ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ_ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻲ_‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﺳﺒﻖ ﺫﻛﺮﻩ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.312 :‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‪ -‬ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺃ ﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺃﺩﻕ ﻭﺃﴰﻞ ﳌﻔﻬﻮﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺳﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺁﻟﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﻛﺎﻵﰐ‪:8‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻮﺭﻱ ﻟﻠﺨﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻃﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻭﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻳﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﺪﻩ ﻭﻭﻗﺖ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻭ‪‬ﺬﺍ ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﻃﻦ ﻳﺘﺨﻠﺺ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲤﻨﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻭﺻﻌﻮﺑﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺄﻧﻮﺍﻋﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﻳﺘﻤﺜﻞ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﰲ ﲢﺴﲔ ﻣﻨﺎﺥ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﻭﻣﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﳋﺼﻮﺹ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﳌﺴﺎﻳﺮﺓ ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻗﺪﺭﺓ ﺗﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﻘﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻹﳚﺎﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﳘﻬﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺺ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺗﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺒﺴﻴﻂ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ؛‬
‫ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻋ�