TRIGONOMTRIE : FORMULAIRE
Angles associs
Une lecture efficace du cercle trigonomtrique permet de retrouver les relations suivantes :
p
cos + x = -sin(x)
2
p
sin + x = cos(x)
2
p
cos - x = sin(x)
2
p
sin - x = cos(x)
2
p
-x
2
p
+x
2
cos(p x) = cos(x)
sin(p x) = sin(x)
px
cos(p + x) = cos(x)
sin(p + x) = sin(x)
p+x
cos(x) = cos(x)
sin(x) = sin(x)
Relations entre cos, sin et tan
cos2(x) + sin2(x) = 1
1 + tan2(x) =
1
cos 2 ( x)
Formules d'addition
cos(a b) = cos(a) cos(b) + sin(a) sin(b)
cos(a + b) = cos(a) cos(b) sin(a) sin(b)
sin(a b) = sin(a) cos(b) cos(a) sin(b)
sin(a + b) = sin(a) cos(b) + cos(a) sin(b)
tan(a) - tan(b)
1 + tan(a ) tan(b)
tan(a - b) =
tan(a + b) =
tan(a) + tan(b)
1 - tan(a) tan(b)
Formules de duplication
cos(2a) = cos2(a) sin2(a) = 2 cos2(a) - 1 = 1 - 2 sin2(a)
Extensions : cos(3a) = 4cos3(a) - 3cos(a)
sin(2a) = 2 sin(a) cos(a)
sin(3a) = 3sin(a) - 4sin3(a)
tan(3a) =
tan(2a) =
2 tan(a)
1 - tan 2 (a)
3tan( a ) - tan 3 ( a )
1- 3tan 2 ( a )
Au del, utiliser la formule de Moivre.
Formules de linarisation
cos2(a) =
Extensions :
1 + cos(2a)
2
cos3(a) =
sin2(a) =
cos( 3a ) + 3 cos( a )
1 - cos(2a)
2
sin3(a) =
tan2(a) =
- sin(3a ) + 3 sin( a )
1 - cos(2a)
1 + cos(2a)
tan3(a) =
- sin(3a ) + 3 sin( a )
cos(3a ) + 3 cos( a )
Au del, utiliser les formules d'Euler. Les formules d'Euler permettent galement de montrer que :
cos(a) cos(b) =
1
[cos(a - b) + cos(a + b)]
2
cos(a) sin(b) =
1
[sin(a + b) - sin(a - b)]
2
p+q p-q
cos
2 2
p+q p-q
sin(p) + sin(q) = 2 sin
cos
2 2
sin(a) sin(b) =
p-q
sin
2
p-q p+q
sin(p) - sin(q) = 2 sin
cos
2 2
cos(p) + cos(q) = 2 cos
cos(p) - cos(q) = -2 sin
p+q
2
Rsolution d'quations trigonomtriques
U = p -V
1
[cos(a - b) - cos(a + b)]
2
cos(U) = cos(V) (U = V [2p] ou U = -V [2p])
sin(U) = sin(V) (U = V [2p] ou U = p -V [2p])
tan(U) = tan(V) U = V [p]
Expression du cosinus, sinus et tangente en fonction de la tangente de l'angle moiti
a
Si t = tan , on a :
2
Formulaire de trigonomtrie
cos(a) =
2t
2t
1- t2
; sin(a) =
; tan(a) =
1+ t2
1+ t2
1- t2
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