Papers by Olusola Adeyemi
Nigerian Journal of Psychiatry, 2007
Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 2007
Abstract In Nigeria, outpatient care forms the bulk of the psychiatric service. While there are n... more Abstract In Nigeria, outpatient care forms the bulk of the psychiatric service. While there are no published data, empirical observations indicate that default may be high and exerting a huge toll on the cost of care. The aims were to determine the first-appointment default rate ...
Epidemiologia e psichiatria sociale, 2008
This editorial gives an overview of the different roots and forms of discrimination and stigmatis... more This editorial gives an overview of the different roots and forms of discrimination and stigmatisation towards people with mental illness. It explains the differences between stereotype, prejudice and discrimination. It further highlights some research foci of stigma research in the last decade. The emphasis was mostly on investigating the attitudes of the general population, but barely addressed other groups that have probably more intensive and more crucial contact with people with mental illness. Furthermore, only very few intervention programs were evaluated. This editorial concludes that other groups than the general population, e.g., mental health professionals, should be investigated about their attitudes to people with mental illness. Moreover, intervention campaigns should be additionally evaluated after a given period as it is not well known whether effects of interventions are long-lasting. It might be that anti-stigma campaigns, as every public health campaign, must be repeated if sustainability is the goal. Furthermore, the message must be carefully chosen. One option is to replace the "traditional" messages by focussing, e.g., on symptoms of mental illness, for instance anxiety, affective symptoms or suicidal ideations. Finally, a plea for more stigma-related research is given as research in stigma-related issues is also stigmatised.
Background: Several studies have examined the use of psychoactive substances among selected group... more Background: Several studies have examined the use of psychoactive substances among selected groups in Nigeria. Here, we extend the description to include the features of substance dependence. Method: A stratified multi-stage random sampling of households was used to select respondents in 21 of Nigeria's 36 states (representing 57% of the national population). In-person interviews with 6752 adults were conducted using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview, Version 3. Lifetime history and recent (past year) use, as well as features of dependence on, alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, sedatives, stimulants, and other drugs were assessed. Results: Alcohol was the most commonly used substance, with 56% (95% confidence interval, CI = 54, 58%) ever users and 14% (95% CI = 13, 15%) recent (past year) users. Roughly 3% were recent smokers (3%, 95% CI = 2.6, 4.2%). Next most common were sedatives, 4% (95% CI = 2.3, 4.5%), and cannabis smokers, 0.4% (95% CI = 0.1, 0.6%). Males were more likely than females to be users of every drug group investigated, with male preponderance being particularly marked for cannabis. Prevalence of both alcohol and tobacco use was highest among middle aged adults. Moslems were much less likely to use alcohol than persons of other faiths, but no such association was found for tobacco, non-prescription drug use, or illegal drug use. Features of abuse and dependence were more common at the population level for alcohol; but among users, these features were just as likely to be experienced by alcohol users as they were by other drug users. Conclusion: Alcohol is the most commonly used psychoactive drug in Nigeria. Features associated with drug dependence and abuse are less prevalent but may require attention by public health authorities.
West African journal of medicine, 2008
Studies on psychotropic drug prescription in Nigeria are few, limited to the south and over a dec... more Studies on psychotropic drug prescription in Nigeria are few, limited to the south and over a decade old. With the recent advances in psychopharmacology an audit is desirable. To describe the practice and pattern of psychotropic drugs prescription for new patients attending out-patient clinic in two Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospitals in Northern Nigeria and to identify extent of potential drug-drug interaction in the prescriptions. A cross-sectional study, using charts review, on new patients seen over a month at the out-patient clinics of two regional psychiatric hospitals in Northern Nigeria. Two hundred and seventy-eight patients were seen. Conventional antipsychotics were the most prescribed (68%), anticholinergic (62%), tricyclic antidepressants (35%), anticonvulsants (25%), benzodiazepines (8%). SSRIs were given to 2% of patients, while no patient was given an atypical antipsychotic. Physicians did not inquire about patients medical and medication histories, nor perform physi...
The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 2013
Objective: To assess sleep quality and its determinants among primary care patients in a Northern... more Objective: To assess sleep quality and its determinants among primary care patients in a Northern Nigerian setting. Methods: We administered the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to 217 consecutive patients attending the General Outpatient Clinic of Barau Dikko Specialist Hospital, Kaduna, and PSQI to 223 age-matched controls to evaluate their sleep quality and levels of anxiety and depression. A data collection sheet was used to record the sociodemographic characteristics of patients and controls, and the clinical characteristics of the patients. Results: The mean ages of all the subjects, patients, and controls were 33.7 (SD 10.6), 33.5 (SD 10.6), and 34.0 (SD 10.5) years respectively; 54.4% of the patients were females, 54.8% were Muslims, 56.2% admitted they had pain, 60.8% and 46.5% had anxiety and depressive symptoms respectively, while 68.7% had poor sleep quality. The mean global score of sleep quality for patients was 9.2 (SD 3.6) while that of the control was 3.8 (SD 1.4). The difference was statistically significant (t = 20.834, P value < 0.001, 291 Ó 2013, Baywood Publishing Co., Inc.
Community Mental Health Journal, 2009
We report a prospective follow-up of 81 patients recently discharged from the hospital. Their hos... more We report a prospective follow-up of 81 patients recently discharged from the hospital. Their hospital attendance pattern, medication compliance, mental state and social functioning were measured. Defaulters were followed up in the community. At 3 months, 49.4% had defaulted, while 51.5% were medication noncompliant. Clinical outcome was best for the Non-Defaulter-Medication Compliant (ND-MC) group, worst for the Defaulter-Medication Non-Compliant (D-MNC) group. Reasons for default include feeling well, financial difficulty, medication side effects and stigma. Medication non-compliant patients were more likely to reside more than 20 km away from hospital. There is an urgent need to provide community psychiatric services to improve patients' access to services and medication compliance.
African Journal of Psychiatry, 2008
Objective: To describe and analyze patterns of polypharmacy among psychiatric outpatients in nort... more Objective: To describe and analyze patterns of polypharmacy among psychiatric outpatients in northern Nigeria and identify predictors of psychotropic polypharmacy. Method: A cross-sectional study, using chart review of new patients at out-patient clinics of two regional psychiatric hospitals in northern Nigeria, measuring rates, patterns and predictors of psychotropic polypharmacy. Results: A total of 278 patients were seen, of whom 92% were given two or more psychotropic agents. The pattern of psychotropic polypharmacy revealed that total, multi-class and adjunctive polypharmacy rates were high, while augmentation and same class polypharmacy rates were low. Age of respondent and diagnosis were the factors associated with total polypharmacy. Conclusion: The complex interplay of factors influencing physician prescription practices requires that a more pragmatic approach be adopted in efforts to curtail polypharmacy practice, rather than a wholesale, absolute condemnation of the practice.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2007
Several studies have examined the use of psychoactive substances among selected groups in Nigeria... more Several studies have examined the use of psychoactive substances among selected groups in Nigeria. Here, we extend the description to include the features of substance dependence.
Uploads
Papers by Olusola Adeyemi