Papers by Roberto Cárdenas Retamal
Environment, Development and Sustainability
Food Policy, 2021
Abstract We analyzed the impact that the advent of the salmon aquaculture industry had on income ... more Abstract We analyzed the impact that the advent of the salmon aquaculture industry had on income distribution in coastal communities. Specifically, we evaluated whether salmon farms generated significant changes on household income distribution in the remote coastal areas of the Los Lagos region in Chile between 1992 and 2002. Salmon farms were expected to generate new labor and income opportunities for the local population. The impact on income distribution in the area should depend on which type of households were favored with this increased labor demand: low-income or high-income households. We tested this by applying impact evaluation techniques. Changes in income distribution were measured using Gini, Theil, and Mean Log Deviation (MLD) indices. We used information generated by small area estimation methods to measure individual household incomes. This latter was utilized to calculate the distribution indices at the locality level. We controlled for pre-existing differences and observable characteristics in the treatment group. Our results show that income inequality in areas with salmon farms fell significantly compared to areas without farms and this attenuated a general trend towards increasing inequality in the rural sector. These results are conditioned by the zone of influence of salmon farming, since the distance between the farm and the locality plays an important role in the impact on inequality. Finally, our results suggest that improvements in the position of households with medium incomes explain the reduction in income inequality.
Este articulo busca conocer como esta compuesta la ensenanza de Ingenieria Comercial con Licencia... more Este articulo busca conocer como esta compuesta la ensenanza de Ingenieria Comercial con Licenciatura en Ciencias Economicas de la Universidad de Concepcion, analizando su plan curricular y el proceso de cambio de malla ocurrido recientemente con el objetivo de observar el nivel de pluralismo existente en su malla curricular y tambien comparar este con otras universidades de Chile. En los resultados se observa que el cambio curricular realizado, esperado por mas de una decada, no fue el que se esperaba. Persiste la predominancia de Administracion en la Licenciatura en Ciencias Economicas y en comparacion con otras universidades la Universidad de Concepcion es una de las que tiene mayor presencia en esta area. Una propuesta interesante de cambio estructural es que entre docentes y estudiantes se decida incorporar diferentes areas de humanidades y ciencias sociales relacionadas a la economia en los planes curriculares, en miras de una formacion economica mas completa.
Food Policy, 2021
We analyzed the impact that the advent of the salmon aquaculture industry had on income distribut... more We analyzed the impact that the advent of the salmon aquaculture industry had on income distribution in coastal communities. Specifically, we evaluated whether salmon farms generated significant changes on household income distribution in the remote coastal areas of the Los Lagos region in Chile between 1992 and 2002. Salmon farms were expected to generate new labor and income opportunities for the local population. The impact on income distribution in the area should depend on which type of households were favored with this increased labor demand: low-income or high-income households. We tested this by applying impact evaluation techniques. Changes in income distribution were measured using Gini, Theil, and Mean Log Deviation (MLD) indices. We used information generated by small area estimation methods to measure individual household incomes. This latter was utilized to calculate the distribution indices at the locality level. We controlled for pre-existing differences and observable characteristics in the treatment group. Our results show that income inequality in areas with salmon farms fell significantly compared to areas without farms and this attenuated a general trend towards increasing inequality in the rural sector. These results are conditioned by the zone of influence of salmon farming, since the distance between the farm and the locality plays an important role in the impact on inequality. Finally, our results suggest that improvements in the position of households with medium incomes explain the reduction in income inequality.
Thesis Chapters by Roberto Cárdenas Retamal
Este trabajo aporta evidencia sobre el impacto que la industria acuícola tiene sobre la distrib... more Este trabajo aporta evidencia sobre el impacto que la industria acuícola tiene sobre la distribución del ingreso. Específicamente evalúa si la instalación de centros de engorda de salmón generó cambios significativos en la distribución del ingreso de las localidades remotas costeras de la Región de Los Lagos en el periodo 1992-2002. La hipótesis subyacente es que la atracción de mano de obra con mayor calificación en las zonas rurales, generada por estos centros, contribuyó a aumentar la dispersión de los ingresos familiares en estas zonas. Para sustanciar ésta, se aplicaron técnicas de evaluación de impacto. Los cambios en la distribución del ingreso son medidos a través de los índices de Gini, Palma, Theil y Desviaciones de Medias Logarítmicas (DML). Para calcular los ingresos usados en estos índices, al nivel de desagregación requerido, se empleó información generada con la metodología de estimación en área pequeña. La evaluación controla por diferencias pre-existentes y por características observables de los tratados. Los resultados muestran que la desigualdad de ingresos en localidades con presencia de centros de engorda de salmón aumentó significativamente en comparación con aquellas que no presentan centros. Este resultado también está asociado a un radio de influencia, ya que se encontró que la distancia de los centros a las localidades juega un rol importante en el impacto de la desigualdad. Finalmente se discute que los resultados obtenidos podrían ser producto de la intensidad de capital que caracteriza a la industria del salmón
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Papers by Roberto Cárdenas Retamal
Thesis Chapters by Roberto Cárdenas Retamal