Book Chapters by Miguel Martins de Sousa
Lisboa Subterrânea – 25 anos depois. (Suplemento a «O Arqueólogo Português»; 12), Dec 2024
This paper is based on an academic study, started during the master degree, concerning Monastic A... more This paper is based on an academic study, started during the master degree, concerning Monastic Archaeology bringing together different religious orders’ structures from middle to the early modern contexts which were archaeologically revealed in Lisbon – a city marked by such monuments in its landscape.
Additionally from bethink upon this field of research and as some of the interventions do not indulge any holistic evidence, we aim to ensure a required multidisciplinary approach. Therefore this paper intends to provide new insight into the archaeological procedures performed in Lisbon’s religious houses which influenced urban development and its community’s modus vivendi.
XIII Congreso Internacional sobre Cerámica Medieval y Moderna en el Mediterráneo (AIECM3), Oct 2024
This contribution is intended to suggest aspects of several clay smoking pipes exhumed in archaeo... more This contribution is intended to suggest aspects of several clay smoking pipes exhumed in archaeological interventions between Portugal and Spain. In this regard, some archaeological works published clay smoking pipes which were defined as ‘hashish pipes’ (pipas de hachís or cachimbos de haxixe) related to the use of Cannabis sp. by the Moors, predominately the Sufis, between the 10th-15th-centuries. These have been described as a diverse Nasrid production based on historical and etymological evidence. However, these artifacts reveal morphological elements which currently promote a reinterpretation due to new research and typologies.
Archaeologies of Smoking, 2024
Clay pipes are found in almost every post-medieval archaeology excavation in Portugal, especially... more Clay pipes are found in almost every post-medieval archaeology excavation in Portugal, especially the ones dated from the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Most of these pipes are the classical north European productions revealing straight relations with Great Britain and the Low Countries. Small numbers also indicate the presence of Mediterranean pipes or others made in South America, the place where most of the smoked tobacco originated from. Smoking habits became so widespread that such action is frequently depicted in tiles and even in pottery representations. The aim of this paper is to discuss, based on archaeological and historical evidence, how tobacco was consumed in Portugal in the Early Modern Ages and how this product impacted on social, cultural, economic and symbolic behaviors.
Europa Postmediaevalis 2022: Connections and Networking, Jun 1, 2023
Setúbal, mentioned by Early Modern Dutch, English and French sailors as St. Ubes (Saint Ubes) and... more Setúbal, mentioned by Early Modern Dutch, English and French sailors as St. Ubes (Saint Ubes) and respectively St. Yves, is located on the northern side of Sado Bay and about 50 km of road distance to the Portuguese capital of Lisbon. Due to the recording of evidence from the Classical Age, several archaeological interventions took place in the region over the past centuries. Despite that, only in the last two decades have we observed an increase in the study of post-medieval archaeological evidence.
The catastrophes of 1755 that left Lisbon in ruins also had an impact on the noble village of Setúbal, destroying many of its remarkable monuments which were mostly built through the salt trade with northern Europe. Among other traces, clay smoking pipes have been identified in preserved strati graphic contexts mostly related to the rebuilding along the riverside and downtown. For now, those denote a particular connection with the Netherlands and England between the late 17th and the 18th century, but these objects also recalled regional production recorded at other Portuguese locations and a rare Venetian al tornio clay pipe.
[I can only make the full paper available on June 2025, please let me know if there is something I can help]
Arqueologia: Temáticas e perspectivas teórico-metodológicas de pesquisa 2, Mar 18, 2022
The last decades of archaeological work in Portugal showed an increase in the
research of post-m... more The last decades of archaeological work in Portugal showed an increase in the
research of post-medieval contexts and an innate development of approaches related to the contacts from the overseas expansion and the process of globalisation. However, theoretical concepts such as given by cognitive archaeology express the lack of archaeological evidence for altered states of consciousness in the early modern period that only recently have started its chaîne operátoire. Thus, the present approach seeks to continue the debate on the altered state
of consciousness concept within Archaeology redefining methodological support and to suggest how this area can be applied on early modern archaeological sites and assemblages from Portugal, but susceptible to application in other geographical regions.
Europa Postmediaevalis 2020: Post-Medieval Pottery in the Spare Time, Mar 25, 2021
Studies of clay smoking pipes represent one of the major fields of research in post-medieval arch... more Studies of clay smoking pipes represent one of the major fields of research in post-medieval archaeology due to their frequent occurrence in the archaeological record and their suitability for typological dating.
During an archaeological survey in Rua do Terreiro do Trigo, located in Lisbon’s picturesque district of Alfama, very close to the Tagus River and where many different and cosmopolitan people spent their spare time during the post-medieval period, we were able to collect a significant number of smoking pipes fragments, given the site’s dimension. Amongst the sherds recovered it is possible to identify a great number of European kaolin clay pipe fragments dated from the 17th to the 18th century and also a set of unusual black and grey earthenware chibouks of (yet) uncertain origin.
Therefore, this paper seeks to report the smoking pipe assemblage recovered in Rua do Terreiro do Trigo, but also to discuss the study of smoking devices in the Portuguese post-medieval archaeological contexts.
Papers by Miguel Martins de Sousa
Archaeopress Publishing Ltd eBooks, Jun 29, 2023
Al-Madan Online, Jan 31, 2024
Between 2021 and 2022, the company ArqueoHoje was involved in the rehabilitation project of the G... more Between 2021 and 2022, the company ArqueoHoje was involved in the rehabilitation project of the Gorjão Palace (Bombarral Municipal Museum), having diagnosed the architectural and underground stratigraphy and monitored the archaeological work of the remaining
damaging actions. In 2023, the Municipality of Bombarral promoted renovation works inside the Chapel of São Brás, leading to an Archaeology and Biological Anthropology intervention.
This article constitutes the first dissemination of the main circumstances and results of the works carried out.
Arqueologia em Portugal / 2023 – Estado da Questão, Nov 2023
The Lines of Torres Vedras construction bicentenary was celebrated in 2010, a period of increase ... more The Lines of Torres Vedras construction bicentenary was celebrated in 2010, a period of increase for the scien- tific and pedagogical development of this monument. Considering its dimension, new projects have recently covered different elements of the Lines of Torres, according to different purposes and available resources.
In 2021 ArqueoHoje developed an archaeological and a conservation and restoration intervention in Forte da Archeira (Torres Vedras), caused by the state of integrity at the entrance and in the fortification’s traverse. In 2022, previous archaeological field works were carried out in Forte 1.o de Subserra and in Bateria Nova de Subserra (Vila Franca de Xira), particularly in the fort’s magazine and in seven gunboats from both defensive structures, enlightening new interpretations upon these monumental elements.
Arqueologia em Portugal / 2023 – Estado da Questão, Nov 22, 2023
In 2021, archaeological excavations were carried out in eleven different areas in the archaeologi... more In 2021, archaeological excavations were carried out in eleven different areas in the archaeological site of Tróia. It was possible to identify aspects of the modus vivendi of Tróia during the early modern period, in addition to the testimonies of the Roman occupation in the site. During the archaeological excavations, particularly in six of the considered areas, 172 fragments were collected which express at least 18 clay pipes from British, Dutch, and Portuguese productions. This paper aims to present the set of clay pipes from Tróia, discussing them within other interpretations related to the “tobacco culture” phenomenon in Portugal during the 17th and 18th centuries.
+Museu: Boletim do Museu Municipal de Palmela , Nov 1, 2023
The heritage testimonies currently disclosed express the progressive unveiling of evolutionary dy... more The heritage testimonies currently disclosed express the progressive unveiling of evolutionary dynamics in response to the adversities imposed on the building and, by extension, on the village of Palmela.
Therefore, noticeably modified from the second half of the 18th century, and until today, it has been reformulated due to the opening of deep cracks in the walls and the outbreak of a fire in hypothetical association with the catastrophe of 1755. However, and continuously in relation to the aforementioned intervention of Espaço Cidadão (Nunes et al., 2022), among others (CNS: 40030), a pre-organization was manifested with possibly 16th century elements of this block, which revealed an internal compartmentalization subtly different from the current one. However, this first note demands a systematic analysis in line with other archaeological interventions in the village of Palmela.
Arqueologia em Portugal 2020 - Estado da Questão, 2020
In 2018 an archaeological intervention in Rua do Terreiro do Trigo was undertaken by municipal de... more In 2018 an archaeological intervention in Rua do Terreiro do Trigo was undertaken by municipal determination for the installation of recycling containers in Lisbon. Amongst the sherds recovered it’s possible to identify a great amount of European kaolin smoking pipes fragments dated from the 17th to the 18th centuries and also a set of unusual black and grey earthenware chibouks of unknown origin. Therefore, this approach seeks to report the smoking pipe assemblage recovered in Rua do Terreiro do Trigo and to discuss the study of smoking devices in the Portuguese early modern contexts.
Arqueologia em Portugal 2020 - Estado da Questão, 2020
Founded in 1573 by Rui Salema and Catarina Sotto Mayor Salema, the Convento de Nossa Senhora de A... more Founded in 1573 by Rui Salema and Catarina Sotto Mayor Salema, the Convento de Nossa Senhora de Aracoeli was located in the old house of the Order of Santiago. Extinct in 1874 it was in ruins by the renovation undertaken for the building of Pousada D. Afonso II. Following the excavation, carried out between 1993 and 1997, expressive archaeological remains were identified, including a diverse collection of Portuguese faience.
The issue that is presented relates to incised motifs which the study of the faience, collected in two sites from the conventual fence, reveled. Therefore, this study uses a selected assemblage as a socioeconomic indicator, leading it to be associated with the conventual, perhaps prophylactic, daily routine of Alcácer do Sal.
VI EJIHM 2019 Lisboa| VI Encontro Internacional de Jovens Investigadores em História Moderna
VI International Meeting of Young Researchers in Early Modern History , 2020
In recent years, archaeological research from the Early Modern Age has progressively become famil... more In recent years, archaeological research from the Early Modern Age has progressively become familiar with the theme relating to monastic spaces. However, has the state of knowledge regarding experiences in monastic environments changed thanks to the systematic studies developed in this area of specialization in Archaeology?
It is certain that Monastic Archeology, through the crossing of archaeological and historical data and the continuous study of different sets of elements, manages to bring new information about the daily practices of communities inserted in religious spaces. However, this approach is not restricted to analyzing new information about life, including details about death and inevitably about spirituality in these spaces that consisted of practically independent structures, with their own economies and necropolis that often end up in large cities, agglutinated in the urban area.
Therefore, we seek to understand on what aspects the work developed within the scope of Monastic Archeology is based in Portugal, having witnessed in the present decade an exponential increase in the number of scientific production on this theme throughout the country, thus analyzing the methodologies applied , the issues defended and mainly what their contributions to the construction of a trustworthy identity of the inhabitants of religious cenóbios. At the same time, we intend to compare the data obtained with others from researchers of different nationalities, in an attempt to ascertain the state of Monastic Archeology in Portugal, pointing out factors in which Portuguese research is innovative or retrograde. Therefore, we seek to present a clear synthesis of the way in which this theme has been studied.
Posters by Miguel Martins de Sousa
XIV Congress AIECM3 on Medieval and Modern Period Mediterranean Ceramics, Nov 2024
Our approach aims to present selected preliminary results of a heritage salvage intervention in t... more Our approach aims to present selected preliminary results of a heritage salvage intervention in the heart of Lisbon’s Anjos neighborhood. The excavations, still ongoing, are being carried out in connection to the rehabilitation of an 18th century palace, its grounds and some adjoining buildings, located in the Intendente square and one of its side streets the Travessa da Cruz aos Anjos.
This location was, for most of its history, on the outskirts of the city proper. However, from the late medieval period onwards, it experienced a considerable population growth and was progressively integrated into the urban fabric of Lisbon. Firstly, as a semi-rural arrabalde (suburb); then as an area dedicated to the production of pottery integrated into the Olarias Orientais de Lisboa. The construction of the palace (Palácio do Intendente Pina Manique) after the infamous 1755 earthquake, seems to underscore a change in land-use, albeit a temporary one. Pottery production in the area was rapidly resumed, and the 19th century saw the establishment of industrial pottery kilns in the neighborhood. In recent years, this quarter gained a degree of notoriety as a disenfranchised neighborhood, with high levels of criminality, substance abuse and prostitution.
In broad terms, the archaeological excavations have uncovered several distinct structures, which are in keeping with the prevailing view of the area. Apart from the palace itself and its subsequent use, the most relevant archaeological finds are two silos lastly filled in the late medieval period, the remains of four pottery kilns (two of which were excavated); a ‘water management’ system; the foundations of several early-modern buildings, and a pottery waster. Due to heavy earthworks during the original construction phase of the palace and its subsequent renovations many of the contexts encountered were already partially destroyed.
With this approach our main focus is the pottery production aspect. Therefore, we intend to present the pottery waster and the combustion chambers of the kilns. We believe these two finds provide evidence for the local production of numerous wares, including botijas (the so-called olive jars), while firmly establishing the area within the limits of the early modern potters’ workshops of eastern Lisbon.
XIV Congress AIECM3 on Medieval and Modern Period Mediterranean Ceramics, Nov 2024
In 1550 priest Manuel de Nóbrega wrote to Simão Rodrigues exalting tobacco’s properties as a dige... more In 1550 priest Manuel de Nóbrega wrote to Simão Rodrigues exalting tobacco’s properties as a digestive aid used in tropical environments such as in Brazil where it was found, and soon it was established as a panacea in Portugal. This means that the material culture associated with its consumption soon started to mark the everyday life of Portugal’s inhabitants. The study of clay pipes in Portugal has increased immensely in this country in the last decade, however, this continues to be mostly a study of local discoveries most of the times associated with a specific site or city. In this paper we are going to try to do something different and wider by doing a regional analysis of clay pipe consumption and how certain habits gain in being considered in wider perspectives. To do so we have chosen the river Sado basin a wide region of about 7500 km2.
Recent investigations carried out concerning modern populations that lived in the Sado Valley and around its bay have confirmed the archaeological presence of distinctive individuals connected to urban and non- urban communities. Regarding both archaeological, literary, and iconographic evidence, it is our purpose to reconstruct features of the ways of using and identities of these communities devoted both to the sea and land, moments of isolation, and specific manifestations.
This approach deals with selected clay smoking pipes found during archaeological excavations carried out along a vast region that plays a direct connection with the Sado River, namely, Alcácer do Sal and Setúbal, but also smaller communities located in Praia Malha da Costa, and the Early Modern occupation of Tróia (part of Grândola municipality). These artefacts will be analysed within the framework of a given archeological assemblage and in the wider cultural context. Although usually only 17th and 18th centuries clay pipes are frequently considered it is of utmost importance to include the 19th century productions since they reveal continuity in consumption habits that makes comprehend long structural behaviours within populations.
IV Congresso da Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses, Nov 2023
Os cachimbos cerâmicos modernos, maioritariamente produzidos a partir de argila caulinítica e vár... more Os cachimbos cerâmicos modernos, maioritariamente produzidos a partir de argila caulinítica e várias vezes classificados como objeto de uso pessoal, são recorrentemente identificados em contextos arqueológicos pós-medievais de natureza urbana e fluviomarinha. Este facto deve-se à sua ampla produção, acentuada fragilidade e rápida difusão pelos intercâmbios globais, não passando o território nacional indiferente ao fenómeno da “cultura do tabaco” e aos seus gratificantes contributos enquanto elemento datável e de importação. Nesta condição, trabalhos arqueológicos na margem norte do Sado têm relevado paulatinamente um perfil de consumo que encontra paralelos com outros centros urbanos nacionais e europeus e cuja origem extravasa o próprio estuário do Sado, na sua circunstância de porto aberto às comunidades comerciais e marítimas, particularmente do norte da Europa.
Ao longo da Península de Tróia, embora a ocorrência arqueológica de cachimbos não seja inédita, não se revelou justificável, até à data, uma publicação que se encarregasse de gizar uma referência dedicada somente a estes objetos. Não obstante, revelando-se o assentamento romano como núcleo de destaque da atividade arqueológica portuguesa desde período precoce, a maioria das intervenções realizadas ao longo do tempo têm procurado valorizar e proteger a monumental herança clássica preservada.
No ano de 2021 a equipa das Ruínas Romanas de Tróia e colaboradores desenvolveram novos trabalhos arqueológicos no âmbito de um estudo de impacte ambiental, intervencionando-se 772 m2 distribuídos por onze áreas distintas, mais precisamente no extremo noroeste do sítio arqueológico romano, no entorno do Palácio Sottomayor, a sul da Capela de Nossa Senhora do Rosário de Tróia e noutros edifícios construídos nas últimas décadas. Nesses trabalhos, nos contextos sedimentares, incluindo aterros e/ou enchimentos, de época moderna e contemporânea, foram recolhidos 172 fragmentos que expressam, pelo menos, 17 cachimbos oriundos dos Países Baixos, de Inglaterra e de uma produção nacional deste objeto.
Pretende-se com esta abordagem, para além do desenvolvimento das características morfológicas e descrição dos elementos singulares dos fragmentos de cachimbos devidamente fundamentados, promover uma reflexão em torno destes artefactos, configurando-os nos seus contextos de exumação, ainda que condicionados ao facto de ser este o primeiro estudo sistemático de testemunhos modernos no local, e problematizando os seus âmbitos cronológicos e as dinâmicas de alguns dos seus produtores. Estes objetos atuam, aliás, enquanto testemunhos arqueológicos de trocas comerciais seiscentistas e setecentistas e, paralelamente, da assimilação de novos hábitos, a uma escala global, os quais terão delineado a sua expressão em Tróia.
III Encontro de Arqueologia de Lisboa: Arqueologia na Cidade, Nov 19, 2021
The archaeological excavation of Hotel Vincci buildings, located between Comércio and São Julião ... more The archaeological excavation of Hotel Vincci buildings, located between Comércio and São Julião roads of downtown Lisbon, occurred in two distinct moments: a campaign of test-pits were carried out by Era-Arqueologia, and after the whole area was excavated by another enterprise, Archeocélis.
The spot revealed several construction remains related to a domestic unit of former Rua Nova dos Ferros, namely a small yard and other inner compartments connected to it, of uncertain function. As the constructive remains were close to nowadays circulation pavements, they were badly preserved. Even so, it was possible to recognise several stratigraphic contexts related to abandonment and damage due to the catastrophes of 1755.
Amongst the materials, a set of clay tobacco pipes was selected for the present study, for it displays an import profile previously defined for mid 18th century Lisbon (Calado, Pimenta & Silva, 2003).
XIII Congreso Internacional sobre Cerámica Medieval y Moderna en el Mediterráneo de AIECM3, Nov 8, 2021
Despite Cannabis sp. had been abundant from Japan to Central Europe between the 3rd and the 2nd ... more Despite Cannabis sp. had been abundant from Japan to Central Europe between the 3rd and the 2nd Millennium BCE based on the recovery and identification of pollen remains, innovative pottery materials related to direct evidence were published allowing us to go back at least 2500 years ago and suggest that by that time cannabis was consumed as an entheogen in Western China. In addition, ancient Chinese and classical antiquity sources are corroborated by archaeological approaches that validate the continuous utilization of this species.
In the Iberian contexts since the second half of the last century archaeological studies provided clay smoking pipes defined as ‘hashish smoking pipes’ / pipas de hacís / cachimbos de haxixe related to the use of cannabis by the Moors, mainly the Sufis, between the 10th and the 15th centuries. These appear to be a quite diverse Nasrid production and rely on several historical and etymological sources. However, the objects that have been studied reveal morphological elements which unavoidably need a different approach and chronological attribution.
On the other hand, since the arrival of tobacco (Nicotiana sp.) in the early 16th century, or even in the last years of the 15th century, it seems there is almost a total absence of cannabis in the Iberian early modern archaeological record, although the use of hemp is recognized for the production of vessel robes. Nevertheless, the literary and iconographic sources related to new geopolitical contacts from the early modern period mentioned this plant with different nomenclatures and among distinct geographical locations. As for the archaeological evidence, this reveals a new crucial element for the accurate attribution of early modern contexts: the kaolinitic clay smoking pipes mostly from England and Holland and also, in less quantity among Iberian contexts, the non-kaolinitic clay smoking pipes from local and Eastern Mediterranean productions, all so many times disadvantageously referred to as ‘tobacco pipes’.
In conclusion, the current approach gives importance to the debate on cannabis’ written and iconographic evidence from late medieval to early modern chronologies with archaeological evidence associated with this species. Moreover, it also seeks to define a preliminary chrono-stylistic evolution of the clay smoking pipes within the Iberian archaeological record in an attempt to reconstruct patterns sometimes oppressed of the modus vivendi in the Iberian Peninsula between the 10th and the 18th centuries.
III Congresso da Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses, 2020
In 2018 an archaeological intervention in Rua do Terreiro do Trigo was undertaken by municipal de... more In 2018 an archaeological intervention in Rua do Terreiro do Trigo was undertaken by municipal determination for the installation of recycling containers in Lisbon. Amongst the sherds recovered it’s possible to identify a great amount of European kaolin smoking pipes fragments dated from the 17th to the 18th centuries and also a set of unusual black and grey earthenware chibouks of unknown origin. Therefore, this approach seeks to report the smoking pipe assemblage recovered in Rua do Terreiro do Trigo and to discuss the study of smoking devices in the Portuguese early modern contexts.
Uploads
Book Chapters by Miguel Martins de Sousa
Additionally from bethink upon this field of research and as some of the interventions do not indulge any holistic evidence, we aim to ensure a required multidisciplinary approach. Therefore this paper intends to provide new insight into the archaeological procedures performed in Lisbon’s religious houses which influenced urban development and its community’s modus vivendi.
The catastrophes of 1755 that left Lisbon in ruins also had an impact on the noble village of Setúbal, destroying many of its remarkable monuments which were mostly built through the salt trade with northern Europe. Among other traces, clay smoking pipes have been identified in preserved strati graphic contexts mostly related to the rebuilding along the riverside and downtown. For now, those denote a particular connection with the Netherlands and England between the late 17th and the 18th century, but these objects also recalled regional production recorded at other Portuguese locations and a rare Venetian al tornio clay pipe.
[I can only make the full paper available on June 2025, please let me know if there is something I can help]
research of post-medieval contexts and an innate development of approaches related to the contacts from the overseas expansion and the process of globalisation. However, theoretical concepts such as given by cognitive archaeology express the lack of archaeological evidence for altered states of consciousness in the early modern period that only recently have started its chaîne operátoire. Thus, the present approach seeks to continue the debate on the altered state
of consciousness concept within Archaeology redefining methodological support and to suggest how this area can be applied on early modern archaeological sites and assemblages from Portugal, but susceptible to application in other geographical regions.
During an archaeological survey in Rua do Terreiro do Trigo, located in Lisbon’s picturesque district of Alfama, very close to the Tagus River and where many different and cosmopolitan people spent their spare time during the post-medieval period, we were able to collect a significant number of smoking pipes fragments, given the site’s dimension. Amongst the sherds recovered it is possible to identify a great number of European kaolin clay pipe fragments dated from the 17th to the 18th century and also a set of unusual black and grey earthenware chibouks of (yet) uncertain origin.
Therefore, this paper seeks to report the smoking pipe assemblage recovered in Rua do Terreiro do Trigo, but also to discuss the study of smoking devices in the Portuguese post-medieval archaeological contexts.
Papers by Miguel Martins de Sousa
damaging actions. In 2023, the Municipality of Bombarral promoted renovation works inside the Chapel of São Brás, leading to an Archaeology and Biological Anthropology intervention.
This article constitutes the first dissemination of the main circumstances and results of the works carried out.
In 2021 ArqueoHoje developed an archaeological and a conservation and restoration intervention in Forte da Archeira (Torres Vedras), caused by the state of integrity at the entrance and in the fortification’s traverse. In 2022, previous archaeological field works were carried out in Forte 1.o de Subserra and in Bateria Nova de Subserra (Vila Franca de Xira), particularly in the fort’s magazine and in seven gunboats from both defensive structures, enlightening new interpretations upon these monumental elements.
Therefore, noticeably modified from the second half of the 18th century, and until today, it has been reformulated due to the opening of deep cracks in the walls and the outbreak of a fire in hypothetical association with the catastrophe of 1755. However, and continuously in relation to the aforementioned intervention of Espaço Cidadão (Nunes et al., 2022), among others (CNS: 40030), a pre-organization was manifested with possibly 16th century elements of this block, which revealed an internal compartmentalization subtly different from the current one. However, this first note demands a systematic analysis in line with other archaeological interventions in the village of Palmela.
The issue that is presented relates to incised motifs which the study of the faience, collected in two sites from the conventual fence, reveled. Therefore, this study uses a selected assemblage as a socioeconomic indicator, leading it to be associated with the conventual, perhaps prophylactic, daily routine of Alcácer do Sal.
It is certain that Monastic Archeology, through the crossing of archaeological and historical data and the continuous study of different sets of elements, manages to bring new information about the daily practices of communities inserted in religious spaces. However, this approach is not restricted to analyzing new information about life, including details about death and inevitably about spirituality in these spaces that consisted of practically independent structures, with their own economies and necropolis that often end up in large cities, agglutinated in the urban area.
Therefore, we seek to understand on what aspects the work developed within the scope of Monastic Archeology is based in Portugal, having witnessed in the present decade an exponential increase in the number of scientific production on this theme throughout the country, thus analyzing the methodologies applied , the issues defended and mainly what their contributions to the construction of a trustworthy identity of the inhabitants of religious cenóbios. At the same time, we intend to compare the data obtained with others from researchers of different nationalities, in an attempt to ascertain the state of Monastic Archeology in Portugal, pointing out factors in which Portuguese research is innovative or retrograde. Therefore, we seek to present a clear synthesis of the way in which this theme has been studied.
Posters by Miguel Martins de Sousa
This location was, for most of its history, on the outskirts of the city proper. However, from the late medieval period onwards, it experienced a considerable population growth and was progressively integrated into the urban fabric of Lisbon. Firstly, as a semi-rural arrabalde (suburb); then as an area dedicated to the production of pottery integrated into the Olarias Orientais de Lisboa. The construction of the palace (Palácio do Intendente Pina Manique) after the infamous 1755 earthquake, seems to underscore a change in land-use, albeit a temporary one. Pottery production in the area was rapidly resumed, and the 19th century saw the establishment of industrial pottery kilns in the neighborhood. In recent years, this quarter gained a degree of notoriety as a disenfranchised neighborhood, with high levels of criminality, substance abuse and prostitution.
In broad terms, the archaeological excavations have uncovered several distinct structures, which are in keeping with the prevailing view of the area. Apart from the palace itself and its subsequent use, the most relevant archaeological finds are two silos lastly filled in the late medieval period, the remains of four pottery kilns (two of which were excavated); a ‘water management’ system; the foundations of several early-modern buildings, and a pottery waster. Due to heavy earthworks during the original construction phase of the palace and its subsequent renovations many of the contexts encountered were already partially destroyed.
With this approach our main focus is the pottery production aspect. Therefore, we intend to present the pottery waster and the combustion chambers of the kilns. We believe these two finds provide evidence for the local production of numerous wares, including botijas (the so-called olive jars), while firmly establishing the area within the limits of the early modern potters’ workshops of eastern Lisbon.
Recent investigations carried out concerning modern populations that lived in the Sado Valley and around its bay have confirmed the archaeological presence of distinctive individuals connected to urban and non- urban communities. Regarding both archaeological, literary, and iconographic evidence, it is our purpose to reconstruct features of the ways of using and identities of these communities devoted both to the sea and land, moments of isolation, and specific manifestations.
This approach deals with selected clay smoking pipes found during archaeological excavations carried out along a vast region that plays a direct connection with the Sado River, namely, Alcácer do Sal and Setúbal, but also smaller communities located in Praia Malha da Costa, and the Early Modern occupation of Tróia (part of Grândola municipality). These artefacts will be analysed within the framework of a given archeological assemblage and in the wider cultural context. Although usually only 17th and 18th centuries clay pipes are frequently considered it is of utmost importance to include the 19th century productions since they reveal continuity in consumption habits that makes comprehend long structural behaviours within populations.
Ao longo da Península de Tróia, embora a ocorrência arqueológica de cachimbos não seja inédita, não se revelou justificável, até à data, uma publicação que se encarregasse de gizar uma referência dedicada somente a estes objetos. Não obstante, revelando-se o assentamento romano como núcleo de destaque da atividade arqueológica portuguesa desde período precoce, a maioria das intervenções realizadas ao longo do tempo têm procurado valorizar e proteger a monumental herança clássica preservada.
No ano de 2021 a equipa das Ruínas Romanas de Tróia e colaboradores desenvolveram novos trabalhos arqueológicos no âmbito de um estudo de impacte ambiental, intervencionando-se 772 m2 distribuídos por onze áreas distintas, mais precisamente no extremo noroeste do sítio arqueológico romano, no entorno do Palácio Sottomayor, a sul da Capela de Nossa Senhora do Rosário de Tróia e noutros edifícios construídos nas últimas décadas. Nesses trabalhos, nos contextos sedimentares, incluindo aterros e/ou enchimentos, de época moderna e contemporânea, foram recolhidos 172 fragmentos que expressam, pelo menos, 17 cachimbos oriundos dos Países Baixos, de Inglaterra e de uma produção nacional deste objeto.
Pretende-se com esta abordagem, para além do desenvolvimento das características morfológicas e descrição dos elementos singulares dos fragmentos de cachimbos devidamente fundamentados, promover uma reflexão em torno destes artefactos, configurando-os nos seus contextos de exumação, ainda que condicionados ao facto de ser este o primeiro estudo sistemático de testemunhos modernos no local, e problematizando os seus âmbitos cronológicos e as dinâmicas de alguns dos seus produtores. Estes objetos atuam, aliás, enquanto testemunhos arqueológicos de trocas comerciais seiscentistas e setecentistas e, paralelamente, da assimilação de novos hábitos, a uma escala global, os quais terão delineado a sua expressão em Tróia.
The spot revealed several construction remains related to a domestic unit of former Rua Nova dos Ferros, namely a small yard and other inner compartments connected to it, of uncertain function. As the constructive remains were close to nowadays circulation pavements, they were badly preserved. Even so, it was possible to recognise several stratigraphic contexts related to abandonment and damage due to the catastrophes of 1755.
Amongst the materials, a set of clay tobacco pipes was selected for the present study, for it displays an import profile previously defined for mid 18th century Lisbon (Calado, Pimenta & Silva, 2003).
In the Iberian contexts since the second half of the last century archaeological studies provided clay smoking pipes defined as ‘hashish smoking pipes’ / pipas de hacís / cachimbos de haxixe related to the use of cannabis by the Moors, mainly the Sufis, between the 10th and the 15th centuries. These appear to be a quite diverse Nasrid production and rely on several historical and etymological sources. However, the objects that have been studied reveal morphological elements which unavoidably need a different approach and chronological attribution.
On the other hand, since the arrival of tobacco (Nicotiana sp.) in the early 16th century, or even in the last years of the 15th century, it seems there is almost a total absence of cannabis in the Iberian early modern archaeological record, although the use of hemp is recognized for the production of vessel robes. Nevertheless, the literary and iconographic sources related to new geopolitical contacts from the early modern period mentioned this plant with different nomenclatures and among distinct geographical locations. As for the archaeological evidence, this reveals a new crucial element for the accurate attribution of early modern contexts: the kaolinitic clay smoking pipes mostly from England and Holland and also, in less quantity among Iberian contexts, the non-kaolinitic clay smoking pipes from local and Eastern Mediterranean productions, all so many times disadvantageously referred to as ‘tobacco pipes’.
In conclusion, the current approach gives importance to the debate on cannabis’ written and iconographic evidence from late medieval to early modern chronologies with archaeological evidence associated with this species. Moreover, it also seeks to define a preliminary chrono-stylistic evolution of the clay smoking pipes within the Iberian archaeological record in an attempt to reconstruct patterns sometimes oppressed of the modus vivendi in the Iberian Peninsula between the 10th and the 18th centuries.
Additionally from bethink upon this field of research and as some of the interventions do not indulge any holistic evidence, we aim to ensure a required multidisciplinary approach. Therefore this paper intends to provide new insight into the archaeological procedures performed in Lisbon’s religious houses which influenced urban development and its community’s modus vivendi.
The catastrophes of 1755 that left Lisbon in ruins also had an impact on the noble village of Setúbal, destroying many of its remarkable monuments which were mostly built through the salt trade with northern Europe. Among other traces, clay smoking pipes have been identified in preserved strati graphic contexts mostly related to the rebuilding along the riverside and downtown. For now, those denote a particular connection with the Netherlands and England between the late 17th and the 18th century, but these objects also recalled regional production recorded at other Portuguese locations and a rare Venetian al tornio clay pipe.
[I can only make the full paper available on June 2025, please let me know if there is something I can help]
research of post-medieval contexts and an innate development of approaches related to the contacts from the overseas expansion and the process of globalisation. However, theoretical concepts such as given by cognitive archaeology express the lack of archaeological evidence for altered states of consciousness in the early modern period that only recently have started its chaîne operátoire. Thus, the present approach seeks to continue the debate on the altered state
of consciousness concept within Archaeology redefining methodological support and to suggest how this area can be applied on early modern archaeological sites and assemblages from Portugal, but susceptible to application in other geographical regions.
During an archaeological survey in Rua do Terreiro do Trigo, located in Lisbon’s picturesque district of Alfama, very close to the Tagus River and where many different and cosmopolitan people spent their spare time during the post-medieval period, we were able to collect a significant number of smoking pipes fragments, given the site’s dimension. Amongst the sherds recovered it is possible to identify a great number of European kaolin clay pipe fragments dated from the 17th to the 18th century and also a set of unusual black and grey earthenware chibouks of (yet) uncertain origin.
Therefore, this paper seeks to report the smoking pipe assemblage recovered in Rua do Terreiro do Trigo, but also to discuss the study of smoking devices in the Portuguese post-medieval archaeological contexts.
damaging actions. In 2023, the Municipality of Bombarral promoted renovation works inside the Chapel of São Brás, leading to an Archaeology and Biological Anthropology intervention.
This article constitutes the first dissemination of the main circumstances and results of the works carried out.
In 2021 ArqueoHoje developed an archaeological and a conservation and restoration intervention in Forte da Archeira (Torres Vedras), caused by the state of integrity at the entrance and in the fortification’s traverse. In 2022, previous archaeological field works were carried out in Forte 1.o de Subserra and in Bateria Nova de Subserra (Vila Franca de Xira), particularly in the fort’s magazine and in seven gunboats from both defensive structures, enlightening new interpretations upon these monumental elements.
Therefore, noticeably modified from the second half of the 18th century, and until today, it has been reformulated due to the opening of deep cracks in the walls and the outbreak of a fire in hypothetical association with the catastrophe of 1755. However, and continuously in relation to the aforementioned intervention of Espaço Cidadão (Nunes et al., 2022), among others (CNS: 40030), a pre-organization was manifested with possibly 16th century elements of this block, which revealed an internal compartmentalization subtly different from the current one. However, this first note demands a systematic analysis in line with other archaeological interventions in the village of Palmela.
The issue that is presented relates to incised motifs which the study of the faience, collected in two sites from the conventual fence, reveled. Therefore, this study uses a selected assemblage as a socioeconomic indicator, leading it to be associated with the conventual, perhaps prophylactic, daily routine of Alcácer do Sal.
It is certain that Monastic Archeology, through the crossing of archaeological and historical data and the continuous study of different sets of elements, manages to bring new information about the daily practices of communities inserted in religious spaces. However, this approach is not restricted to analyzing new information about life, including details about death and inevitably about spirituality in these spaces that consisted of practically independent structures, with their own economies and necropolis that often end up in large cities, agglutinated in the urban area.
Therefore, we seek to understand on what aspects the work developed within the scope of Monastic Archeology is based in Portugal, having witnessed in the present decade an exponential increase in the number of scientific production on this theme throughout the country, thus analyzing the methodologies applied , the issues defended and mainly what their contributions to the construction of a trustworthy identity of the inhabitants of religious cenóbios. At the same time, we intend to compare the data obtained with others from researchers of different nationalities, in an attempt to ascertain the state of Monastic Archeology in Portugal, pointing out factors in which Portuguese research is innovative or retrograde. Therefore, we seek to present a clear synthesis of the way in which this theme has been studied.
This location was, for most of its history, on the outskirts of the city proper. However, from the late medieval period onwards, it experienced a considerable population growth and was progressively integrated into the urban fabric of Lisbon. Firstly, as a semi-rural arrabalde (suburb); then as an area dedicated to the production of pottery integrated into the Olarias Orientais de Lisboa. The construction of the palace (Palácio do Intendente Pina Manique) after the infamous 1755 earthquake, seems to underscore a change in land-use, albeit a temporary one. Pottery production in the area was rapidly resumed, and the 19th century saw the establishment of industrial pottery kilns in the neighborhood. In recent years, this quarter gained a degree of notoriety as a disenfranchised neighborhood, with high levels of criminality, substance abuse and prostitution.
In broad terms, the archaeological excavations have uncovered several distinct structures, which are in keeping with the prevailing view of the area. Apart from the palace itself and its subsequent use, the most relevant archaeological finds are two silos lastly filled in the late medieval period, the remains of four pottery kilns (two of which were excavated); a ‘water management’ system; the foundations of several early-modern buildings, and a pottery waster. Due to heavy earthworks during the original construction phase of the palace and its subsequent renovations many of the contexts encountered were already partially destroyed.
With this approach our main focus is the pottery production aspect. Therefore, we intend to present the pottery waster and the combustion chambers of the kilns. We believe these two finds provide evidence for the local production of numerous wares, including botijas (the so-called olive jars), while firmly establishing the area within the limits of the early modern potters’ workshops of eastern Lisbon.
Recent investigations carried out concerning modern populations that lived in the Sado Valley and around its bay have confirmed the archaeological presence of distinctive individuals connected to urban and non- urban communities. Regarding both archaeological, literary, and iconographic evidence, it is our purpose to reconstruct features of the ways of using and identities of these communities devoted both to the sea and land, moments of isolation, and specific manifestations.
This approach deals with selected clay smoking pipes found during archaeological excavations carried out along a vast region that plays a direct connection with the Sado River, namely, Alcácer do Sal and Setúbal, but also smaller communities located in Praia Malha da Costa, and the Early Modern occupation of Tróia (part of Grândola municipality). These artefacts will be analysed within the framework of a given archeological assemblage and in the wider cultural context. Although usually only 17th and 18th centuries clay pipes are frequently considered it is of utmost importance to include the 19th century productions since they reveal continuity in consumption habits that makes comprehend long structural behaviours within populations.
Ao longo da Península de Tróia, embora a ocorrência arqueológica de cachimbos não seja inédita, não se revelou justificável, até à data, uma publicação que se encarregasse de gizar uma referência dedicada somente a estes objetos. Não obstante, revelando-se o assentamento romano como núcleo de destaque da atividade arqueológica portuguesa desde período precoce, a maioria das intervenções realizadas ao longo do tempo têm procurado valorizar e proteger a monumental herança clássica preservada.
No ano de 2021 a equipa das Ruínas Romanas de Tróia e colaboradores desenvolveram novos trabalhos arqueológicos no âmbito de um estudo de impacte ambiental, intervencionando-se 772 m2 distribuídos por onze áreas distintas, mais precisamente no extremo noroeste do sítio arqueológico romano, no entorno do Palácio Sottomayor, a sul da Capela de Nossa Senhora do Rosário de Tróia e noutros edifícios construídos nas últimas décadas. Nesses trabalhos, nos contextos sedimentares, incluindo aterros e/ou enchimentos, de época moderna e contemporânea, foram recolhidos 172 fragmentos que expressam, pelo menos, 17 cachimbos oriundos dos Países Baixos, de Inglaterra e de uma produção nacional deste objeto.
Pretende-se com esta abordagem, para além do desenvolvimento das características morfológicas e descrição dos elementos singulares dos fragmentos de cachimbos devidamente fundamentados, promover uma reflexão em torno destes artefactos, configurando-os nos seus contextos de exumação, ainda que condicionados ao facto de ser este o primeiro estudo sistemático de testemunhos modernos no local, e problematizando os seus âmbitos cronológicos e as dinâmicas de alguns dos seus produtores. Estes objetos atuam, aliás, enquanto testemunhos arqueológicos de trocas comerciais seiscentistas e setecentistas e, paralelamente, da assimilação de novos hábitos, a uma escala global, os quais terão delineado a sua expressão em Tróia.
The spot revealed several construction remains related to a domestic unit of former Rua Nova dos Ferros, namely a small yard and other inner compartments connected to it, of uncertain function. As the constructive remains were close to nowadays circulation pavements, they were badly preserved. Even so, it was possible to recognise several stratigraphic contexts related to abandonment and damage due to the catastrophes of 1755.
Amongst the materials, a set of clay tobacco pipes was selected for the present study, for it displays an import profile previously defined for mid 18th century Lisbon (Calado, Pimenta & Silva, 2003).
In the Iberian contexts since the second half of the last century archaeological studies provided clay smoking pipes defined as ‘hashish smoking pipes’ / pipas de hacís / cachimbos de haxixe related to the use of cannabis by the Moors, mainly the Sufis, between the 10th and the 15th centuries. These appear to be a quite diverse Nasrid production and rely on several historical and etymological sources. However, the objects that have been studied reveal morphological elements which unavoidably need a different approach and chronological attribution.
On the other hand, since the arrival of tobacco (Nicotiana sp.) in the early 16th century, or even in the last years of the 15th century, it seems there is almost a total absence of cannabis in the Iberian early modern archaeological record, although the use of hemp is recognized for the production of vessel robes. Nevertheless, the literary and iconographic sources related to new geopolitical contacts from the early modern period mentioned this plant with different nomenclatures and among distinct geographical locations. As for the archaeological evidence, this reveals a new crucial element for the accurate attribution of early modern contexts: the kaolinitic clay smoking pipes mostly from England and Holland and also, in less quantity among Iberian contexts, the non-kaolinitic clay smoking pipes from local and Eastern Mediterranean productions, all so many times disadvantageously referred to as ‘tobacco pipes’.
In conclusion, the current approach gives importance to the debate on cannabis’ written and iconographic evidence from late medieval to early modern chronologies with archaeological evidence associated with this species. Moreover, it also seeks to define a preliminary chrono-stylistic evolution of the clay smoking pipes within the Iberian archaeological record in an attempt to reconstruct patterns sometimes oppressed of the modus vivendi in the Iberian Peninsula between the 10th and the 18th centuries.
The issue that is presented relates to incised motifs which the study of the faience, collected in two sites from the conventual fence, reveled. Therefore, this study uses a selected assemblage as a socioeconomic indicator, leading it to be associated with the conventual, perhaps prophylactic, daily routine of Alcácer do Sal.
and pedagogical development of this monument. Considering its dimension, new projects have recently
covered different elements of the Lines of Torres, according to different purposes and available resources.
In 2021 ArqueoHoje developed an archaeological and a conservation and restoration intervention in Forte
da Archeira (Torres Vedras), caused by the state of integrity at the entrance and in the fortification’s traverse.
In 2022, previous archaeological field works were carried out in Forte 1.º de Subserra and in Bateria Nova de
Subserra (Vila Franca de Xira), particularly in the fort’s magazine and in seven gunboats from both defensive
structures, enlightening new interpretations upon these monumental elements.
The catastrophes of 1755 that left Lisbon in ruins also had an impact on the noble village of Setúbal, destroying many of its remarkable monuments that were mostly build through the salt trade with northern Europe. Among other traces, clay smoking pipes have been identified in preserved stratigraphic contexts from seventeen diferente sites related to the rebuilding along the riverside and downtown, denoting for now a particular connection with England and the Netherlands, but also recalling a regional production recorded at other Portuguese locations and a rare Venetian 'al tornio' clay pipe.
In 1517 “chinchéus” (net) fishermen of Alfama quarter created a brotherhood, Irmandade do Espírito Santo e de São Pedro Gonçalves Telmo, and established a small church, Ermida de Nossa Senhora dos Remédios or of the Espírito Santo. In 1551 the brotherhood of fisher and seamen built a small hospital next to the chapel, with 11 bed capacity destined to fishermen poor wives. 16th century onwards, new constructions and reformulation of the buildings occurred, namely a sacristy, the Dispatch room, amongst other. 1755 earthquake the complex become hardly damaged and the decision was to only rebuild the chapel.
In late 2005, salvage archaeological works conducted by former Serviço de Arqueologia do Museu da Cidade revealed, in numbers 12-14 of Beco do Espírito Santo, a moment of deactivation and filling of a basement floor. This episode was dated from late 17th century, chronology obtained through epigraphy and evidence provided by the numerous materials, such as plain coarse pottery, glazed coarse and Portuguese Majolica (Faiança). The pottery set points out to an utilitarian daily-life profile, but another set of artefacts motivated the present study: a brass/copper navigation compass, a stone medal mould, a fan element, clay tobacco pipes sherds, both in caulinitic clay as in red clay, mouthpieces, stems and other fitting pieces of hookah/narguile in bone or ivory, amongst other, are most probably associated to fishermen and maritime people, a group scarcely documented in the archaeological record in Lisbon.
Dado que a questão mencionada se formulou no contexto de um seminário dedicado a essa área de especialização, parece que colocar em questão a utilidade da mesma é algo absurdo. Contudo, a questão pertinente que pretendemos explorar é “como é que podemos demonstrar e analisar a evolução e consolidação desta temática arqueológica?”. Pretendemos assim dar a conhecer alguns dos trabalhos realizados no âmbito da Arqueologia.
Entenda-se que, embora a temática em estudo abranja uma cronologia alargada, iremos procurar analisar casos arqueológicos referentes à Idade Moderna, muito embora não dispensemos uma contextualização histórica que deslize até aos primórdios da Idade Média.
In the Iberian contexts since the second half of the last century archaeological studies provided clay smoking pipes defined as ‘hashish smoking pipes’ / pipas de hacís / cachimbos de haxixe related to the use of cannabis by the Moors, mainly the Sufis, between the 10th and the 15th centuries. These appear to be a quite diverse Nasrid production and rely on several historical and etymological sources. However, the objects that have been studied reveal morphological elements which unavoidably need a different approach and chronological attribution.
On the other hand, since the arrival of tobacco (Nicotiana sp.) in the early 16th century, or even in the last years of the 15th century, it seems there is almost a total absence of cannabis in the Iberian early modern archaeological record, although the use of hemp is recognized for the production of vessel robes. Nevertheless, the literary and iconographic sources related to new geopolitical contacts from the early modern period mentioned this plant with different nomenclatures and among distinct geographical locations. As for the archaeological evidence, this reveals a new crucial element for the accurate attribution of early modern contexts: the kaolinitic clay smoking pipes mostly from England and Holland and also, in less quantity among Iberian contexts, the non-kaolinitic clay smoking pipes from local and Eastern Mediterranean productions, all so many times disadvantageously referred to as ‘tobacco pipes’.
In conclusion, the current approach gives importance to the debate on cannabis’ written and iconographic evidence from late medieval to early modern chronologies with archaeological evidence associated with this species. Moreover, it also seeks to define a preliminary chrono-stylistic evolution of the clay smoking pipes within the Iberian archaeological record in an attempt to reconstruct patterns sometimes oppressed of the modus vivendi in the Iberian Peninsula between the 10th and the 18th centuries.
É certo que a Arqueologia Conventual e/ou Monástica, através do cruzamento de dados arqueológicos e históricos e do estudo em continuidade de diversos conjuntos de elementos, consegue trazer novas informações sobre as práticas do quotidiano das comunidades inseridas em espaços conventuais. Porém, esta temática não se restringe somente a analisar novas informações sobre a vida, incluindo detalhes sobre a morte e inevitavelmente sobre a espiritualidade nestes espaços que consistiam em estruturas praticamente independentes, com economias e necrópoles próprias que com o passar da modernidade acabam, muitas vezes nas grandes cidades e vilas, aglutinados na malha urbana.
Procura-se compreender, portanto, em que aspectos se fundamentam os trabalhos desenvolvidos no âmbito da Arqueologia Conventual, tendo-se assistido na presente década a um aumento exponencial do número de produção científica nesta temática por todo o país, analisando deste modo as metodologias aplicadas, as problemáticas defendidas e principalmente quais os contributos destas na construção de uma identidade fidedigna dos habitantes de cenóbios religiosos. Em simultâneo, pretende-se comparar os dados apurados com outros provenientes de investigadores de diferentes nacionalidades, na tentativa de apurar o estado da Arqueologia Conventual em Portugal, apontando factores em que a investigação nacional seja inovadora ou retrógrada. Procura- se, portanto, apresentar uma breve síntese do modo como se tem estudado esta temática.
Assim, o presente trabalho destaca a conjugação daquilo que se entende como estados alterados de consciência com evidências arqueológicas de cronologia moderna, na tentativa de reconstituir aspetos, por vezes oprimidos, do modus vivendi da sociedade do final do século XV ao século XVIII em Portugal.
Since Prehistoric times that mankind experienced several states of consciousness, and among them we can verify altered states of consciousness. Thus it is understood that those altered states of consciousness will be reflected in the material culture of different times and spaces including European early modern age contexts. In this chronological scope it is of major importance to consider the expansionist role of Portugal that led to the disclosure and importation of a substances’ panoply as well as the engagement with new habits.
Therefore the present dissertation emphasis is on the study of altered states of consciousness using early modern evidence found in Portuguese archaeological sites. It aims to reafirme the occasionally oppressed modus vivendi’s aspects from the late fifteenth to the eighteenth century in Portugal.
Esta ação foi promovida pela empresa Oliveiras, S.A. A execução dos trabalhos decorreu entre os dias 20 de novembro de 2023 e 26 de junho de 2024, tendo sido realizada pela empresa ArqueoHoje, Conservação e Restauro do Património Monumental, Lda.
Esta intervenção resultou das condicionantes de arqueologia sobre as áreas com afetação, nomeadamente através da salvaguarda de quaisquer elementos patrimoniais ainda conservados, tendo em conta a aprovação, datada de 20 de novembro de 2023, emitida pela Direção-Geral do Património Cultural, exarada na Informação n.º S-2023/626992 (C.S.: 1713237), relativa ao Processo n.º DSPAA/2022/11-06/457/PATA/25547 (C.S.: 261891).
Esta ação foi promovida pelo Município do Bombarral. A execução dos trabalhos de diagnóstico decorreu entre os dias 12 de julho e 6 de agosto de 2021 e o acompanhamento arqueológico teve início no dia 22 de setembro de 2021 prosseguindo até 29 de junho, inclusive, tendo sido realizados pela empresa ArqueoHoje, Conservação e Restauro do Património Monumental, Lda.
Esta intervenção resulta como medida de minimização de impactes sobre as área com afetação, nomeadamente através da salvaguarda de quaisquer elementos patrimoniais ainda conservados no subsolo ou no edificado, tendo em conta o parecer emitido pela DGPC (N.º Proc. DRL-DS/2002/10-05/18478/PATA/18403 (C.S: 221449) | Inf. nº S-2021/556367 (C.S: 1518618), datado de 20.12.2019); devido ao local estar classificado como Imóvel de Interesse Público pelo Decreto n.º 2/96, DR, 1.ª Série, B, n.º 56, de 6 de março.
Esta ação foi promovida pelo Município de Torres Vedras. A execução dos trabalhos decorreu entre os dias 28 de setembro e 20 de outubro de 2021, tendo sido realizada pela empresa ArqueoHoje, Conservação e Restauro do Património Monumental, Lda.
Esta intervenção resulta como medida de minimização de impactes sobre as áreas com afetação, tendo em conta o parecer emitido pela DGPC (Ofício n.º S-2021/560562 (C.S:1529464) de 11/08/2021, proc.º n.º 2021/1(457) (C.S:222420)); devido ao local se encontrar abrangido pela Zona Geral de Proteção da 1.ª e 2.ª Linhas de Defesa a Norte de Lisboa durante a Guerra Peninsular, também conhecidas como Linhas de Torres, património classificado como MN - Monumento Nacional pelo Decreto-Lei n.º 10/2019, publicado no Diário da República n.º 61, Iª Série, de 27 de março, e devido a este estar sujeito às restrições estabelecidas na Portaria n.º 308/2019, da Secretária de Estado da Cultura, publicada no Diário da República n.º 86, IIª Série, de 6 de maio.
Esta ação foi promovida pela empresa Neves e Ferrão, Lda. A execução dos trabalhos decorreu entre os dias 3 de maio e 9 de agosto e foi realizada pela empresa ArqueoHoje, Conservação e Restauro do Património Monumental, Lda.
Esta intervenção resulta como medida de minimização de impactes sobre as área com afetação, nomeadamente através da implantação de reforços estruturais, localização de caixa de visitas e principais ramais da rede de drenagem e implantação dos reforços estruturais LT1 e cota da nova laje, tendo em conta o parecer emitido pela DGPC (Proc.º DSPAA/2018/15-08/229/PATA/17359 (C.S: 215919), Inf S-2021/545767 (C.S: 1491477), de 01/02/2021); devido ao local se encontrar abrangido pela ZEP conjunta do Castelo de Palmela, da Igreja de Santiago e do Pelourinho de Palmela; e às condicionantes decorrentes dos IGTs em vigor.