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Toša Ninkov

University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Economics Subotica, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Faculty Member

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-Prof. Dr.Ninkov has more than hundred projects developed in the area of Engineering Surveying, GIS and Remote Sensing. He has solid experience in Engineering surveying, LIDAR Measurements, Hydrographical measurement, Digital mapping, GIS, Computer processing of satellite and air photo images.-Over 30 years of experience in all kind of infrastructure projects, developing studies or audits of wa-ter-wastewater projects, developing pipeline construction technology and using geometry and topography
Address: Novi Sad Serbia

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Octavian Andrei

Aalto University

Francesco Pirotti

Università degli Studi di Padova

Dogan Ugur Sanli

Yildiz Technical University

Cees van Westen

University of Twente, Faculty of Geoinformation Science and Earth Observation (ITC)

Istanbul Technical University

National Water Research center

Yao Yevenyo Ziggah (PhD)

University Of Mines and Technology, Tarkwa

Md Ashraful Islam

University of Dhaka, Bangladesh

Fusun Balik Sanli

Yildiz Technical University

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)

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Papers by Toša Ninkov

Web servis Otvorenoga geoprostornog konzorcija u složenim sustavima distribucije

Geodetski List, 2010

The short review of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) web service with regard to Web Map Servi... more The short review of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) web service with regard to Web Map Service (WMS) and Web Feature Service (WFS) has been given in this work from the perspective of server and client applications. The problems of the exchange of spatial data in the complex systems as municipal service have been described. Based on analysis of data exchange between employees in the same company and exchange between municipal services the existing condition has been schematically shown. Having this in mind, the proposal of measures has been given to improve communication by implementing distribution OGC web service with assumption that improvement of communication initiates the progress of overall system as well. Suggested solution is based on open source WMS/WFS servers and clients, but with remark that large number of commercial desktop GIS systems has inbuilt support for OGC web service. In the end it has been pointed out to some possible specialized client's requests in regard to data safety and control of data access, as well as some extended types of data such as topological structures, surfaces and alike. Described model of distribution exchange can be applied to all complex systems, but within smaller systems such as companies which consist of more sectors.

Review of a methodology for determination of energy loss in civil construction buildings

Identifikacija premikov z uporabo različnih geodetskih metod deformacijske analize

Geodetski vestnik, 2015

Identification of movements using different geodetic methods of deformation analysis.

Proposed design of local 2d geodetic network for the construction of the tunnel part of the Belgrade metro

Geodetski vestnik, 2015

lokalne geodetske mreže, optimizacija, Gauß-Markov model, predhodna ocena natančnosti, natančnost... more lokalne geodetske mreže, optimizacija, Gauß-Markov model, predhodna ocena natančnosti, natančnost preboja predora V tem delu je prikazan postopek optimizacije podzemne predorske mreže za gradnjo beograjske podzemne železnice. Pri navedenem postopku je bila uporabljena metoda predhodne ocene točnosti. Podane so teoretične osnove za matematični model predhodne analize, ki temelji na Gauß-Markovem modelu izravnave geodetskih mrež, ter za preračunavanje točnosti preboja predora. Na temelju gradbenih standardov je opravljeno preračunavanje zahtevane točnosti preboja predora kot osnovnega merila točnosti za podzemne predorske mreže. Na podlagi tehničnih parametrov za traso linije 1 beograjske podzemne železnice, ki se nanašajo na položaj osi in nivelete predora, je opredeljena oblika podzemne predorske mreže. V postopku optimizacije so analizirani različni načrti postavljanja opažev in rezultati predhodne analize za vsak načrt posebej. Glede na izbrano merilo maksimalnega prečnega pogreška preboja predora, ki znaša 4,5 centimetra, je bil nazadnje sprejet tretji načrt postavljanja opažev, s katerim je dosežen pogrešek preboja 3,5 centimetra. Sprejeti načrt postavljanja opažev obsega načrtovana merjenja horizontalnih smeri, azimutov in dolžin z vnaprej določeno natančnostjo 1" za horizontalne smeri, 3,2" za azimute in (1 mm; 1 ppm) za dolžine.

Modern technologies and methodologies concerning permanent monitoring of position changes and entity state in space and time

Geonauka, 2014

The topic of the paper is the description of the modern sensor solutions used in the permanentmon... more The topic of the paper is the description of the modern sensor solutions used in the permanentmonitoring projects for deformations of entities in space and time, as well as of many other parameters necessary to a detailed analysis of spatial processes at the sites of large civil-engineering objects. The possibility of applying the monitoring with an alarm system, with a special comment concerning the LeicaGeoMos software, is also mentioned. Using an example of integrated multisensor system (GPS, inclinometers, accelerometers, robotised TS) concerning the general solution for observing deformations of the Žeželj bridge (test examination and permanent observation during exploitation) in Novi Sad the possibilities of new technologies will be presented and the place, role and importance of a specialist in geodesy in such projects will be indicated. The topic of the paper is an automated system of integrated sensors for measuring meteorological parameters and those of dynamical motions of water at the location of the future marina in the Kotor Bay at Kumbor. On the basis of the presented results of sensor application to the registration of quantities and their spatial and temporal variations new possibilities of geodesy in extension and participation in new services in multidisciplinary projects of other sciences are indicated.

Forecasting geodetic measurements using finite impulse response artificial neural networks

In this paper, a method for evaluating and forecasting deformation movements present in buildings... more In this paper, a method for evaluating and forecasting deformation movements present in buildings during tunneling works is described. The data used for processing is gathered from the project ’Prokop’ that has involved tunneling works under residential buildings, all mapped using a geodetic control network, or elevation network. Measurement results from this project are being used by the Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Neural Network as time series to predict future movements/deformations.

Savremene metode monitoringa prostora obuhvaćenih prostornim planovima i urbanističkom dokumentacijom

U radu se daje kratki prikaz nekoliko savremenih tehnologija prikupljanja i obrade podataka u geo... more U radu se daje kratki prikaz nekoliko savremenih tehnologija prikupljanja i obrade podataka u geodeziji koje omogucavaju efikasno registrovanje aktuelnog stanja na fizickoj povrsini zemlje a njegovim uporedjenjem sa prethodnim stanjem, koristeci mogucnosti kompjuterskog overlayinga, dobijaju se promene na razmatranoj teritoriji. U radu je poseban osvrt dat na tehnologiju izrade 3D modela terena preklopljenog sa orto foto planovima baziranu na kompjuterskoj obradi stereo satelitskih snimaka visoke rezolucije. Trenutno komercijalno dostupni staelitski snimci rezolucije 40 cm omogucavaju izradu 3D orto fotoplanova koji ispunjavaju kriterijume tacnosti geodetskih podloga razmere 1:2000 sa mogucnosti zoom-a do 1:1000. Njihovim preklapanjem sa postojecom grafickom dokumentacijom (prostorni planovi, urbanisticka dokumentacija, geodetske podloge) koristeci mogucnosti kompjuterskog overlayinga i automatske/poluautomatske identifikaciju razlika u geometriji entiteta omogucava brzu i kvalitetnu detekciju promena na razmatranom prostoru. Poseban tehnoloski napredak je omogucen primenom LIDAR-skih snimanja razmatrane teritorije sa stacionarnim ili pokretnim (iz vazduha ili sa vozila na zemlji ili vodi) uredjajem. Lidarski uredjaj se sastoji od 4 integrisane i sinhronizovane tehnologije koje omogucavaju izradu 3D modela razmatranog prostora sa tacnosti i do 1-2 mm kod stacionarnog uredjaja i 1-2 cm kod uredjaja montiranih na pokretnoj platformi. U radu je prikazana primena LiDAR-skih merenja sa pokretne platforme za 3D modelovanja gradova sa tacnosti gabarita i visina krovova od 1-2 cm, 3D modelovanja recnih dolina, izradu 3D modela fasada objekata i registrovanja stanja.

Savremene Metode Monitoringa Deformacija Građevinskih Objekata

Zbornik radova Građevinskog fakulteta, 2015

У раду је дат опис реализованог експеримента у лабораторијским условима у сврху поређења више мет... more У раду је дат опис реализованог експеримента у лабораторијским условима у сврху поређења више метода детекције 1Д деформација. Као примарна, примењена је метода фибер оптичког сензора савијања (ФОСС). За поређење и калибрацију су примењене методе геометријског нивелмана и метода мерења угаоних померања инклинометром. Спроведен је статички тест и извршена је графичка и нумеричка анализа и оцена тачности појединих метода. На основу приказаних резултата примене сензора указују се нове могућности геодетске струке и имплементације нових технологија у поступку структуралног мониторинга објеката.

Method for Generating Natural Colour from False Colour Images Based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Clustering

Advanced Science Letters, 2013

ABSTRACT Spectral information such as colour is one of the main types of information used for the... more ABSTRACT Spectral information such as colour is one of the main types of information used for the purpose of image interpretation. Multi-spectral images consisting of the red, green and blue channels can be combined to produce True Colour Composite (TCC) images. Colours in such images are very similar to the colours registered by human eye. Unlike TCC images, some systems have no blue channel and use other-type sensors such as Near-Infrared (NIR) or Short-wavelength infrared (SWIR). Combinations of such channels result in False Colour Composite (FCC) images. In optical images where one or more primary channels (red, green and blue) are missing, it is possible to approximate the absent channels by simulating it from the existing ones. Such images, known as Natural Colour Composite (NCC) images and are very similar to TCC images. In this paper we describe an algorithm for generating NCC images from multispectral images containing the red, green and NIR channels. The principal assumption is that the spectral-transformation coefficients are not unique, but depend on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Our experimental results indicate that this approach generates more natural colours when compared with other algorithms, confined by unique transformation coefficients.

Terrain Mapping by Applying Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Lidar System for the Purpose of Designing in Serbia

In the paper the results of terrain mapping by using an unmanned aerial vehicle are presented. By... more In the paper the results of terrain mapping by using an unmanned aerial vehicle are presented. By applying this methodology one obtains orthorectified frames and the possibility of generating a precise digital terrain model. The advantages of this methodology of terrain mapping are its practicality and a rapid and efficient mapping of rather large areas for terrains usually unavailable to conventional mapping methods, automatic data treatment. It has found application in various kinds of designing, as well as in engineering geodesy. In the paper the results of measurements, data treatment and accuracy analysis, concerning the locality "Beogradska Tvrdjava-Kalemegdan, Beograd" (Belgrade Fort-Kalemegdan), are presented. By treating the generated digital model of the terrain, using the obtained frames and combining with additional measurements (LIDAR) it is possible to obtain a high-quality topographic maps for different kinds of designing.

Primena Topsis Metode Za Rangiranje Katastarskih Opština U Procesu Komasacije

Land consolidation is an effective tool for land management, which aims to ensure efficient and c... more Land consolidation is an effective tool for land management, which aims to ensure efficient and cost-effective agricultural production, which directly affects the development and prosperity of the local communities in which land consolidation projects are implemented. Land consolidation projects are very complicated, both in the volume of work, and the amount of funds that are being made. Given the complexity of the project, goals and gains aquired with the implementation of the project and very large sums of money allocated, we come to a conclusion it is very important to make a proper choice of municipalities and cadastral municipalities which should be given the priority for the development of agricultural land by land consolidation. The subject of this paper is multicriteria TOPSIS method with an emphasis on different ways of subjective and objective evaluation of weight defined criteria. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of different ways of determining the 1 Jelena Lazić, mast inž geod.

Analysis of Structure Surveying Method by 3D Laser Scanners

Geodetski List, 2011

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in carrying out projects in the con- struction industry is incre... more Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in carrying out projects in the con- struction industry is increasingly applied. This paper is considering the issue of ac- curacy that can be achieved by pulse TLS, evaluation of the measurement results and the applicability of this technology for the structure survey. Analyzing the measure- ment methods allows the identification of systematic errors of the instrument, which is serious obstacle for high-accuracy of TLS. In this article a standardization measu- rement procedure and the relationship between the projected tolerance and TLS cali- bration are given. At the same time the results of individual calibration of pulsed Le- ica scanners are presented, in which the systematic errors of measurement results are determined by the given model. Evaluation of survey results confirmed the high ap- plicability of TLS for the structures survey.

Open Geospatial Consortium Web Services in Complex Distribution Systems

Geodetski List, 2010

The short review of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) web service with regard to Web Map Servi... more The short review of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) web service with regard to Web Map Service (WMS) and Web Feature Service (WFS) has been given in this work from the perspective of server and client applications. The problems of the exchange of spatial data in the complex systems as municipal service have been described. Based on analysis of data exchange between employees in the same company and exchange between municipal services the existing condition has been schematically shown. Having this in mind, the proposal of measures has been given to improve communication by implementing distribution OGC web service with assumption that improvement of communication initiates the progress of overall system as well. Suggested solution is based on open source WMS/WFS servers and clients, but with remark that large number of commercial desktop GIS systems has inbuilt support for OGC web service. In the end it has been pointed out to some possible specialized client’s requests in rega...

Metadata Catalogues in Spatial Information Systems

This paper gives the short review of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) metadata catalogue serv... more This paper gives the short review of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) metadata catalogue services that have the key role in geospatial resource discovery in Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI). The notion of Spatial Data Infrastructure comprises a collection of technologies, policies and institutional agreements that provide an easier access to geospatial data. The SDI is suitable for usage in geospatial data discovery, evaluation, and also various applications within government, commercial and non-profit sectors, academic institutions, etc. Metadata catalogue services have been specified in OGC Catalogue Service Implementation Specification. The part of the specification that specifies a web interface that supports the storage, retrieval, and management of data related to web services, is called Catalogue Service for the Web (CSW). Metadata catalogues are service brokers that represent a key component in a service-oriented architecture that manages shared resources and facilitat...

Komasacijski projekti i rangiranje katastarskih općina

Tehnicki Vjesnik-technical Gazette, 2016

Određivanje Zapremina Iskopa Primenom Savremenih Tehnologija Premera

Zbornik radova Građevinskog fakulteta

Експлоатација минералних сировина битан је фактор економског и технолошког развоја једне земље, п... more Експлоатација минералних сировина битан је фактор економског и технолошког развоја једне земље, при чему је површински вид експлоатације најзаступљенији. У раду је дат приказ савремених технологија прикупљања просторних података за потребе праћења експлоатације минералних сировина на површинским коповима. Приказани су различити модели одређивања запремина имплементирани у оквиру програмског пакета AutoCAD Civil 3D. За потребе експлоатације на површинским коповима често се користе роторни багери. У раду је представљено идејно решење система за одређивање запремина ископа роторним багерима у реалном времену, базирано на ГНСС технологији.

Use of IR cameras in industrial applications

Spectral information such as colour is one of the main types of information used for the purpose ... more Spectral information such as colour is one of the main types of information used for the purpose of image interpretation. Multi-spectral images consisting of the red, green and blue channels can be combined to produce True Colour Composite (TCC) images. Colours in such images are very similar to the colours registered by human eye. Unlike TCC images, some systems have no blue channel and use other-type sensors such as Near-Infrared (NIR) or Short-wavelength infrared (SWIR). Combinations of such channels result in False Colour Composite (FCC) images. In optical images where one or more primary channels (red, green and blue) are missing, it is possible to approximate the absent channels by simulating it from the existing ones. Such images, known as Natural Colour Composite (NCC) images and are very similar to TCC images. In this paper we describe an algorithm for generating NCC images from multispectral images containing the red, green and NIR channels. The principal assumption is that the spectral-transformation coefficients are not unique, but depend on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Our experimental results indicate that this approach generates more natural colours when compared with other algorithms, confined by unique transformation coefficients.

One Method of Renewal of Stereographic Survey Data in Čoka Municipality

This research presents an approach to solving the problem of establishing the real estate cadastr... more This research presents an approach to solving the problem of establishing the real estate cadastre in real estate cadastre services in Serbia, where stereographic survey still exists. These problems are analyzed, set the goal and solutions are proposed. Old, damaged and not updated plans, the impossibility of detecting changes in the missing parts of the plan or map are characteristics of the cadastre based on stereographic method for over 25% of the province of Vojvodina. Without up to date and current topographic data, there is not, nor is possible to simply, fast and accurately reach necessary data to establish and maintain the real estate cadastre. The main goal of this research is to propose the procedure for achievement of real estate cadastre throughout the territory covered by the stereographic projection. Proposed procedure is based on the implementation of new technologies for collecting and processing of graphic and alphanumeric data, using geographic information systems ...

The efficiency of different outlier detection approaches in geodetic networks: case study for Pobednik statue

Geodetski vestnik

The efficiency of different outlier detection approaches in geodetic networks: case study for Pobednik statue

Geodetski vestnik, 2018

Web servis Otvorenoga geoprostornog konzorcija u složenim sustavima distribucije

Geodetski List, 2010

The short review of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) web service with regard to Web Map Servi... more The short review of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) web service with regard to Web Map Service (WMS) and Web Feature Service (WFS) has been given in this work from the perspective of server and client applications. The problems of the exchange of spatial data in the complex systems as municipal service have been described. Based on analysis of data exchange between employees in the same company and exchange between municipal services the existing condition has been schematically shown. Having this in mind, the proposal of measures has been given to improve communication by implementing distribution OGC web service with assumption that improvement of communication initiates the progress of overall system as well. Suggested solution is based on open source WMS/WFS servers and clients, but with remark that large number of commercial desktop GIS systems has inbuilt support for OGC web service. In the end it has been pointed out to some possible specialized client's requests in regard to data safety and control of data access, as well as some extended types of data such as topological structures, surfaces and alike. Described model of distribution exchange can be applied to all complex systems, but within smaller systems such as companies which consist of more sectors.

Review of a methodology for determination of energy loss in civil construction buildings

Identifikacija premikov z uporabo različnih geodetskih metod deformacijske analize

Geodetski vestnik, 2015

Identification of movements using different geodetic methods of deformation analysis.

Proposed design of local 2d geodetic network for the construction of the tunnel part of the Belgrade metro

Geodetski vestnik, 2015

lokalne geodetske mreže, optimizacija, Gauß-Markov model, predhodna ocena natančnosti, natančnost... more lokalne geodetske mreže, optimizacija, Gauß-Markov model, predhodna ocena natančnosti, natančnost preboja predora V tem delu je prikazan postopek optimizacije podzemne predorske mreže za gradnjo beograjske podzemne železnice. Pri navedenem postopku je bila uporabljena metoda predhodne ocene točnosti. Podane so teoretične osnove za matematični model predhodne analize, ki temelji na Gauß-Markovem modelu izravnave geodetskih mrež, ter za preračunavanje točnosti preboja predora. Na temelju gradbenih standardov je opravljeno preračunavanje zahtevane točnosti preboja predora kot osnovnega merila točnosti za podzemne predorske mreže. Na podlagi tehničnih parametrov za traso linije 1 beograjske podzemne železnice, ki se nanašajo na položaj osi in nivelete predora, je opredeljena oblika podzemne predorske mreže. V postopku optimizacije so analizirani različni načrti postavljanja opažev in rezultati predhodne analize za vsak načrt posebej. Glede na izbrano merilo maksimalnega prečnega pogreška preboja predora, ki znaša 4,5 centimetra, je bil nazadnje sprejet tretji načrt postavljanja opažev, s katerim je dosežen pogrešek preboja 3,5 centimetra. Sprejeti načrt postavljanja opažev obsega načrtovana merjenja horizontalnih smeri, azimutov in dolžin z vnaprej določeno natančnostjo 1" za horizontalne smeri, 3,2" za azimute in (1 mm; 1 ppm) za dolžine.

Modern technologies and methodologies concerning permanent monitoring of position changes and entity state in space and time

Geonauka, 2014

The topic of the paper is the description of the modern sensor solutions used in the permanentmon... more The topic of the paper is the description of the modern sensor solutions used in the permanentmonitoring projects for deformations of entities in space and time, as well as of many other parameters necessary to a detailed analysis of spatial processes at the sites of large civil-engineering objects. The possibility of applying the monitoring with an alarm system, with a special comment concerning the LeicaGeoMos software, is also mentioned. Using an example of integrated multisensor system (GPS, inclinometers, accelerometers, robotised TS) concerning the general solution for observing deformations of the Žeželj bridge (test examination and permanent observation during exploitation) in Novi Sad the possibilities of new technologies will be presented and the place, role and importance of a specialist in geodesy in such projects will be indicated. The topic of the paper is an automated system of integrated sensors for measuring meteorological parameters and those of dynamical motions of water at the location of the future marina in the Kotor Bay at Kumbor. On the basis of the presented results of sensor application to the registration of quantities and their spatial and temporal variations new possibilities of geodesy in extension and participation in new services in multidisciplinary projects of other sciences are indicated.

Forecasting geodetic measurements using finite impulse response artificial neural networks

In this paper, a method for evaluating and forecasting deformation movements present in buildings... more In this paper, a method for evaluating and forecasting deformation movements present in buildings during tunneling works is described. The data used for processing is gathered from the project ’Prokop’ that has involved tunneling works under residential buildings, all mapped using a geodetic control network, or elevation network. Measurement results from this project are being used by the Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Neural Network as time series to predict future movements/deformations.

Savremene metode monitoringa prostora obuhvaćenih prostornim planovima i urbanističkom dokumentacijom

U radu se daje kratki prikaz nekoliko savremenih tehnologija prikupljanja i obrade podataka u geo... more U radu se daje kratki prikaz nekoliko savremenih tehnologija prikupljanja i obrade podataka u geodeziji koje omogucavaju efikasno registrovanje aktuelnog stanja na fizickoj povrsini zemlje a njegovim uporedjenjem sa prethodnim stanjem, koristeci mogucnosti kompjuterskog overlayinga, dobijaju se promene na razmatranoj teritoriji. U radu je poseban osvrt dat na tehnologiju izrade 3D modela terena preklopljenog sa orto foto planovima baziranu na kompjuterskoj obradi stereo satelitskih snimaka visoke rezolucije. Trenutno komercijalno dostupni staelitski snimci rezolucije 40 cm omogucavaju izradu 3D orto fotoplanova koji ispunjavaju kriterijume tacnosti geodetskih podloga razmere 1:2000 sa mogucnosti zoom-a do 1:1000. Njihovim preklapanjem sa postojecom grafickom dokumentacijom (prostorni planovi, urbanisticka dokumentacija, geodetske podloge) koristeci mogucnosti kompjuterskog overlayinga i automatske/poluautomatske identifikaciju razlika u geometriji entiteta omogucava brzu i kvalitetnu detekciju promena na razmatranom prostoru. Poseban tehnoloski napredak je omogucen primenom LIDAR-skih snimanja razmatrane teritorije sa stacionarnim ili pokretnim (iz vazduha ili sa vozila na zemlji ili vodi) uredjajem. Lidarski uredjaj se sastoji od 4 integrisane i sinhronizovane tehnologije koje omogucavaju izradu 3D modela razmatranog prostora sa tacnosti i do 1-2 mm kod stacionarnog uredjaja i 1-2 cm kod uredjaja montiranih na pokretnoj platformi. U radu je prikazana primena LiDAR-skih merenja sa pokretne platforme za 3D modelovanja gradova sa tacnosti gabarita i visina krovova od 1-2 cm, 3D modelovanja recnih dolina, izradu 3D modela fasada objekata i registrovanja stanja.

Savremene Metode Monitoringa Deformacija Građevinskih Objekata

Zbornik radova Građevinskog fakulteta, 2015

У раду је дат опис реализованог експеримента у лабораторијским условима у сврху поређења више мет... more У раду је дат опис реализованог експеримента у лабораторијским условима у сврху поређења више метода детекције 1Д деформација. Као примарна, примењена је метода фибер оптичког сензора савијања (ФОСС). За поређење и калибрацију су примењене методе геометријског нивелмана и метода мерења угаоних померања инклинометром. Спроведен је статички тест и извршена је графичка и нумеричка анализа и оцена тачности појединих метода. На основу приказаних резултата примене сензора указују се нове могућности геодетске струке и имплементације нових технологија у поступку структуралног мониторинга објеката.

Method for Generating Natural Colour from False Colour Images Based on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Clustering

Advanced Science Letters, 2013

ABSTRACT Spectral information such as colour is one of the main types of information used for the... more ABSTRACT Spectral information such as colour is one of the main types of information used for the purpose of image interpretation. Multi-spectral images consisting of the red, green and blue channels can be combined to produce True Colour Composite (TCC) images. Colours in such images are very similar to the colours registered by human eye. Unlike TCC images, some systems have no blue channel and use other-type sensors such as Near-Infrared (NIR) or Short-wavelength infrared (SWIR). Combinations of such channels result in False Colour Composite (FCC) images. In optical images where one or more primary channels (red, green and blue) are missing, it is possible to approximate the absent channels by simulating it from the existing ones. Such images, known as Natural Colour Composite (NCC) images and are very similar to TCC images. In this paper we describe an algorithm for generating NCC images from multispectral images containing the red, green and NIR channels. The principal assumption is that the spectral-transformation coefficients are not unique, but depend on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Our experimental results indicate that this approach generates more natural colours when compared with other algorithms, confined by unique transformation coefficients.

Terrain Mapping by Applying Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Lidar System for the Purpose of Designing in Serbia

In the paper the results of terrain mapping by using an unmanned aerial vehicle are presented. By... more In the paper the results of terrain mapping by using an unmanned aerial vehicle are presented. By applying this methodology one obtains orthorectified frames and the possibility of generating a precise digital terrain model. The advantages of this methodology of terrain mapping are its practicality and a rapid and efficient mapping of rather large areas for terrains usually unavailable to conventional mapping methods, automatic data treatment. It has found application in various kinds of designing, as well as in engineering geodesy. In the paper the results of measurements, data treatment and accuracy analysis, concerning the locality "Beogradska Tvrdjava-Kalemegdan, Beograd" (Belgrade Fort-Kalemegdan), are presented. By treating the generated digital model of the terrain, using the obtained frames and combining with additional measurements (LIDAR) it is possible to obtain a high-quality topographic maps for different kinds of designing.

Primena Topsis Metode Za Rangiranje Katastarskih Opština U Procesu Komasacije

Land consolidation is an effective tool for land management, which aims to ensure efficient and c... more Land consolidation is an effective tool for land management, which aims to ensure efficient and cost-effective agricultural production, which directly affects the development and prosperity of the local communities in which land consolidation projects are implemented. Land consolidation projects are very complicated, both in the volume of work, and the amount of funds that are being made. Given the complexity of the project, goals and gains aquired with the implementation of the project and very large sums of money allocated, we come to a conclusion it is very important to make a proper choice of municipalities and cadastral municipalities which should be given the priority for the development of agricultural land by land consolidation. The subject of this paper is multicriteria TOPSIS method with an emphasis on different ways of subjective and objective evaluation of weight defined criteria. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of different ways of determining the 1 Jelena Lazić, mast inž geod.

Analysis of Structure Surveying Method by 3D Laser Scanners

Geodetski List, 2011

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in carrying out projects in the con- struction industry is incre... more Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) in carrying out projects in the con- struction industry is increasingly applied. This paper is considering the issue of ac- curacy that can be achieved by pulse TLS, evaluation of the measurement results and the applicability of this technology for the structure survey. Analyzing the measure- ment methods allows the identification of systematic errors of the instrument, which is serious obstacle for high-accuracy of TLS. In this article a standardization measu- rement procedure and the relationship between the projected tolerance and TLS cali- bration are given. At the same time the results of individual calibration of pulsed Le- ica scanners are presented, in which the systematic errors of measurement results are determined by the given model. Evaluation of survey results confirmed the high ap- plicability of TLS for the structures survey.

Open Geospatial Consortium Web Services in Complex Distribution Systems

Geodetski List, 2010

The short review of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) web service with regard to Web Map Servi... more The short review of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) web service with regard to Web Map Service (WMS) and Web Feature Service (WFS) has been given in this work from the perspective of server and client applications. The problems of the exchange of spatial data in the complex systems as municipal service have been described. Based on analysis of data exchange between employees in the same company and exchange between municipal services the existing condition has been schematically shown. Having this in mind, the proposal of measures has been given to improve communication by implementing distribution OGC web service with assumption that improvement of communication initiates the progress of overall system as well. Suggested solution is based on open source WMS/WFS servers and clients, but with remark that large number of commercial desktop GIS systems has inbuilt support for OGC web service. In the end it has been pointed out to some possible specialized client’s requests in rega...

Metadata Catalogues in Spatial Information Systems

This paper gives the short review of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) metadata catalogue serv... more This paper gives the short review of the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) metadata catalogue services that have the key role in geospatial resource discovery in Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDI). The notion of Spatial Data Infrastructure comprises a collection of technologies, policies and institutional agreements that provide an easier access to geospatial data. The SDI is suitable for usage in geospatial data discovery, evaluation, and also various applications within government, commercial and non-profit sectors, academic institutions, etc. Metadata catalogue services have been specified in OGC Catalogue Service Implementation Specification. The part of the specification that specifies a web interface that supports the storage, retrieval, and management of data related to web services, is called Catalogue Service for the Web (CSW). Metadata catalogues are service brokers that represent a key component in a service-oriented architecture that manages shared resources and facilitat...

Komasacijski projekti i rangiranje katastarskih općina

Tehnicki Vjesnik-technical Gazette, 2016

Određivanje Zapremina Iskopa Primenom Savremenih Tehnologija Premera

Zbornik radova Građevinskog fakulteta

Експлоатација минералних сировина битан је фактор економског и технолошког развоја једне земље, п... more Експлоатација минералних сировина битан је фактор економског и технолошког развоја једне земље, при чему је површински вид експлоатације најзаступљенији. У раду је дат приказ савремених технологија прикупљања просторних података за потребе праћења експлоатације минералних сировина на површинским коповима. Приказани су различити модели одређивања запремина имплементирани у оквиру програмског пакета AutoCAD Civil 3D. За потребе експлоатације на површинским коповима често се користе роторни багери. У раду је представљено идејно решење система за одређивање запремина ископа роторним багерима у реалном времену, базирано на ГНСС технологији.

Use of IR cameras in industrial applications

Spectral information such as colour is one of the main types of information used for the purpose ... more Spectral information such as colour is one of the main types of information used for the purpose of image interpretation. Multi-spectral images consisting of the red, green and blue channels can be combined to produce True Colour Composite (TCC) images. Colours in such images are very similar to the colours registered by human eye. Unlike TCC images, some systems have no blue channel and use other-type sensors such as Near-Infrared (NIR) or Short-wavelength infrared (SWIR). Combinations of such channels result in False Colour Composite (FCC) images. In optical images where one or more primary channels (red, green and blue) are missing, it is possible to approximate the absent channels by simulating it from the existing ones. Such images, known as Natural Colour Composite (NCC) images and are very similar to TCC images. In this paper we describe an algorithm for generating NCC images from multispectral images containing the red, green and NIR channels. The principal assumption is that the spectral-transformation coefficients are not unique, but depend on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Our experimental results indicate that this approach generates more natural colours when compared with other algorithms, confined by unique transformation coefficients.

One Method of Renewal of Stereographic Survey Data in Čoka Municipality

This research presents an approach to solving the problem of establishing the real estate cadastr... more This research presents an approach to solving the problem of establishing the real estate cadastre in real estate cadastre services in Serbia, where stereographic survey still exists. These problems are analyzed, set the goal and solutions are proposed. Old, damaged and not updated plans, the impossibility of detecting changes in the missing parts of the plan or map are characteristics of the cadastre based on stereographic method for over 25% of the province of Vojvodina. Without up to date and current topographic data, there is not, nor is possible to simply, fast and accurately reach necessary data to establish and maintain the real estate cadastre. The main goal of this research is to propose the procedure for achievement of real estate cadastre throughout the territory covered by the stereographic projection. Proposed procedure is based on the implementation of new technologies for collecting and processing of graphic and alphanumeric data, using geographic information systems ...

The efficiency of different outlier detection approaches in geodetic networks: case study for Pobednik statue

Geodetski vestnik

The efficiency of different outlier detection approaches in geodetic networks: case study for Pobednik statue

Geodetski vestnik, 2018