{"id":7372,"date":"2013-12-04T12:00:49","date_gmt":"2013-12-04T10:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/?p=7372"},"modified":"2019-05-09T11:16:09","modified_gmt":"2019-05-09T08:16:09","slug":"android-fragments-example","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/android\/core\/app\/fragment\/android-fragments-example\/","title":{"rendered":"Android Fragments Example"},"content":{"rendered":"

A Fragment<\/code><\/a> represents a portion of a user interface or an operation that runs within an Activity<\/code>.<\/p>\n

A single activity can contain multiple fragments and many fragments can be reused in many, different activities. It is not wrong if we say that a fragment is a type of sub-activity that can be utilized again in multiple activities.<\/p>\n

Although each fragment has each own lifecycle, it is connected with the Activity<\/code> it belongs to, so it’s lifecycle is directly influenced by the activity’s lifecycle.<\/p>\n

The main advantage of using fragments is due to the convenience of reusing the components in different layouts. In this tutorial, we are going to create our own fragments, where each one will be used when the user presses the appropriate button.<\/p>\n

For this tutorial, we will use the following tools in a Windows 64-bit platform:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. JDK 1.7<\/li>\n
  2. Eclipse 4.2 Juno<\/li>\n
  3. Android SDK 4.4<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    1. Create a New Android Application Project<\/h2>\n

    Open Eclipse IDE and go to File \u2192 New \u2192 Project \u2192 Android Application Project.<\/p>\n

    Specify the name of the application, the project and the package. Then, choose in the “Minimum Required Sdk” the API 11 or larger, because Android introduced fragments in Android 3.0 – Honeycomb (API level 11). Finally, click Next.<\/p>\n

    \"createProjFrag1\"<\/a><\/p>\n

    In the next window, check the \u201cCreate Activity\u201d option. The new activity will be the main activity of your project. Then press Next button.<\/p>\n

    \"createProjFrag2\"<\/a><\/p>\n

    In \u201cConfigure Launcher Icon\u201d window you should choose the icon you want to have in your app. In our occasion, we will use the default icon of android, so just press Next.<\/p>\n

    \"createProject3!\"<\/a><\/p>\n

    In the next window, select the \u201cBlank Activity\u201d option and press Next.<\/p>\n

    \"createProject4!\"<\/a><\/p>\n

    Specify a name for the new Activity and a name for the layout description of your app. The .xml file for the layout will automatically be created in the res\/layou<\/code>t folder. Then press Finish.<\/p>\n

    \"createProject5!\"<\/a><\/p>\n

    In the image below you can see the final structure of the created project.<\/p>\n

    \"FragmentsPrj\"<\/a><\/p>\n

    2. Create the layout of the Main Activity<\/h2>\n

    For this example, we need two different Buttons<\/code>. When a button is pressed, a fragment appears below them. So we will create two different buttons within the main LinearLayout<\/code> and a fragment by using the <fragment><\/code> tag.<\/p>\n

    Open res\/layout\/activity_main.xml<\/code> and go to the “activity_main.xml” tab. Then paste the following code.<\/p>\n

    activity_main.xml:<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n

    <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n<LinearLayout xmlns:android=\"http:\/\/schemas.android.com\/apk\/res\/android\"\n    android:layout_width=\"match_parent\"\n    android:layout_height=\"match_parent\"\n    android:orientation=\"vertical\" >\n  <Button\n        android:id=\"@+id\/button1\"\n        android:layout_width=\"fill_parent\"\n        android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n        android:text=\"Fragment No.1\"\n        android:onClick=\"selectFrag\" \/>\n\n     <Button\n         android:id=\"@+id\/button2\"\n         android:layout_width=\"fill_parent\"\n         android:layout_height=\"wrap_content\"\n         android:onClick=\"selectFrag\"\n         android:text=\"Fragment No.2\" \/> \n\n   <fragment\n        android:name=\"com.javacodegeeks.android.fragmentstest.FragmentOne\"\n        android:id=\"@+id\/fragment_place\"\n   \t\tandroid:layout_width=\"match_parent\"\n   \t\tandroid:layout_height=\"match_parent\" \/>\n    \n<\/LinearLayout>\n<\/pre>\n
    Please, notice the highlighted lines. When we add a <fragment><\/code> element in a layout, we have to contain the android:name<\/code> and android:id<\/code> attributes. The android:name<\/code> defines an object of a Fragment Class<\/code>, that we want to be instantiated and the android:id<\/code> specifies the unique id of that fragment.
    \nWe will use the FragmentOne<\/code> as default.
     
    <\/div> <\/div><\/p>\n
    3. Create the Fragments<\/h2>\n
    We are going to make two different classes to define the fragments, that extends the Fragment Class<\/code><\/a>.<\/p>\n
    Right click on com.javacodegeeks.android.filtertstest<\/code> package \u2192 New \u2192 Class.
    \nTo the opened window, specify the name for the new Class. We will name it FragmentOne<\/code> and we will put it in the same package as the MainActivity.java<\/code> file.<\/p>\n
    \"FragmentOneClass\"<\/a><\/p>\n
    Open src\/com.javacodegeeks.android.filtertstest\/FragmentOne.java<\/code> and paste the following.<\/p>\n
    FragmentOne.java:<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n
    package com.javacodegeeks.android.fragmentstest;\n\nimport android.app.Fragment;\nimport android.os.Build;\nimport android.os.Bundle;\nimport android.view.LayoutInflater;\nimport android.view.View;\nimport android.view.ViewGroup;\n\npublic class FragmentOne extends Fragment {\n   @Override\n   public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater,\n      ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {\n      \n       \/\/Inflate the layout for this fragment\n       \n      return inflater.inflate(\n    \t\t  R.layout.fragment_one, container, false);\n   }\n}\n<\/pre>\n
    With the same way, we create the second fragment.<\/p>\n
    Right click on com.javacodegeeks.android.filtertstest<\/code> package \u2192 New \u2192 Class.
    \nSpecify the name for the new Class. We will name it FragmentTwo<\/code> and we will put it in the same package as the FragmentOne.java<\/code> file.<\/p>\n
    Open src\/com.javacodegeeks.android.filtertstest\/FragmentTwo.java<\/code> and paste the following.<\/p>\n
    FragmentTwo.java:<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n
    package com.javacodegeeks.android.fragmentstest;\n\nimport android.app.Fragment;\nimport android.os.Build;\nimport android.os.Bundle;\nimport android.view.LayoutInflater;\nimport android.view.View;\nimport android.view.ViewGroup;\n\n\npublic class FragmentTwo extends Fragment{\n   @Override\n   public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater,\n      ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {\n     \n      \/\/ Inflate the layout for this fragment\n       \n      return inflater.inflate(\n              R.layout.fragment_two, container, false);\n   }\n}\n<\/pre>\n
    As you can see in the code above, we use the onCreateView<\/code> override method. It is called by the Android system so that the fragment creates it’s user interface. Then, it returns a View<\/code> component which is placed in the <fragment><\/code> element of the layout. That’s the reason we use the inflate<\/code> method, in order to inflate a layout of an xml file and to return it’s view.<\/p>\n
    4. Create the layouts of the Fragments<\/h2>\n
    We are going to make a simple UI for each fragment layout, so we are going to create two different xml files.
    \nFor FragmentOne<\/code> we will create the fragment_one<\/code> layout and for FragmentTwo<\/code> the fragment_two<\/code> respectively.[ulp id=’XSQzgZ7lDbTb31Tj’]<\/p>\n
    Right click on res\/layout<\/code> folder \u2192 New \u2192 Android XML File and name the xml file. Choose the LinearLayout<\/code> as root element, as shown in the picture below, and then press Finish.<\/p>\n
    \"fragment_oneLayout\"<\/a><\/p>\n
    Open the res\/layout\/frament_one.xml<\/code> file on the “fragment_one.xml” tab and paste the following code.<\/p>\n
    fragment_one.xml:<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n
    <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n<LinearLayout\n   xmlns:android=\"http:\/\/schemas.android.com\/apk\/res\/android\"\n   android:layout_width=\"match_parent\"\n   android:layout_height=\"match_parent\" \n   android:orientation=\"vertical\"\n   android:background=\"#00ffff\">\n\n       <TextView\n           android:id=\"@+id\/textView1\"\n           android:layout_width=\"match_parent\"\n           android:layout_height=\"match_parent\"\n           android:layout_weight=\"1\"\n           android:text=\"This is fragment No.1\"\n           android:textStyle=\"bold\" \/>\n\n<\/LinearLayout>\n<\/pre>\n
    With the same way, we are going to make the layout for the second fragment.<\/p>\n
    Right click on res\/layout<\/code> folder \u2192 New \u2192 Android XML File and specify the name of the xml file (fragment_two<\/code> as we mentioned above). Choose the LinearLayout<\/code> as root element and then press Finish.<\/p>\n
    Open the res\/layout\/frament_two.xml<\/code> file on the respective xml tab and paste the following code.<\/p>\n
    fragment_two.xml:<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n
    <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n<LinearLayout\n   xmlns:android=\"http:\/\/schemas.android.com\/apk\/res\/android\"\n   android:layout_width=\"match_parent\"\n   android:layout_height=\"match_parent\" \n   android:orientation=\"vertical\"\n   android:background=\"#ffff00\">\n\n       <TextView\n           android:id=\"@+id\/textView2\"\n           android:layout_width=\"match_parent\"\n           android:layout_height=\"match_parent\"\n           android:text=\"This is fragment No.2\"\n           android:textStyle=\"bold\" \/>\n\n<\/LinearLayout>\n<\/pre>\n
    5. Code the Main Activity<\/h2>\n
    In our example, we show the two buttons on the screen and when the appropriate button is pressed, the respective fragment is displayed. By default, the layout of FragmentOne<\/code> is shown, as we declared it in the activity_main.xml<\/code> file at the android:name<\/code> attribute of the <fragment><\/code> element.<\/p>\n
    Open src\/com.javacodegeeks.android.filtertstest\/MainActivity.java<\/code> and paste the following code.<\/p>\n
    MainActivity.java:<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n
    package com.javacodegeeks.android.fragmentstest;\n\nimport android.os.Bundle;\nimport android.view.View;\nimport android.app.Activity;\nimport android.app.Fragment;\nimport android.app.FragmentManager;\nimport android.app.FragmentTransaction;\n\n\npublic class MainActivity extends Activity {\n\n\t@Override\n\tprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {\n      super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);\n\n      setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);\n\t}\n\t \n\tpublic void selectFrag(View view) {\n\t\t Fragment fr;\n\t\t \n\t\t if(view == findViewById(R.id.button2)) {\n\t\t\t fr = new FragmentTwo();\n\t\t \n\t\t }else {\n\t\t\t fr = new FragmentOne();\n\t\t }\n\t\t \n\t\t FragmentManager fm = getFragmentManager();\n\t     FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fm.beginTransaction();\n\t     fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.fragment_place, fr);\n\t     fragmentTransaction.commit();\n\t\t \n\t}\n   \n}\n<\/pre>\n
    When our activity is running, we can add or replace fragments. For this reason we use FragmentTransaction<\/code><\/a> and we should make a commit after a change, in order to be effective.<\/p>\n
    In our example, we replace the fragment that is in use, with the one that the user \u201cchooses\u201d by pressing the appropriate button. Notice that the containerViewId<\/code> of replace<\/code> method, is the unique id of the <fragment><\/code> element in the activity_main<\/code> layout.<\/p>\n
    6. Run the application<\/h2>\n
    Now we are ready to run our application. To do this, right click on our project \u2192 Run as \u2192 Android Application. The AVD will appear with the app loaded.<\/p>\n
    As we can see from the image below, there are two Buttons<\/code> and FragmentOne<\/code> is displayed. As we already mentioned, that is happening because we put the FragmentOne<\/code> Class at the android:name<\/code> attribute in the activity_main.xml<\/code> file.<\/p>\n
    \"AVDFrag1\"<\/a><\/p>\n
    If we press the button Fragment No.2<\/code>, FragmentTwo<\/code> will replace the previous one, as you can see in the following picture.<\/p>\n
    \"AVDFrag2\"<\/a><\/p>\n
    If we press the button Fragment No.1<\/code>, the FragmentOne<\/code> will return a View<\/code> which is placed in the <fragment><\/code> element of the layout. So the appearing screen seems like the first picture.<\/p>\n
    Download Eclipse Project<\/h2>\n
    This was an example of Fragment in Android. Download the Eclipse Project of this example: FragmentsTest.zip<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    A Fragment represents a portion of a user interface or an operation that runs within an Activity. A single activity can contain multiple fragments and many fragments can be reused in many, different activities. It is not wrong if we say that a fragment is a type of sub-activity that can be utilized again in …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":1202,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[489],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7372","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fragment"],"yoast_head":"\nAndroid Fragments Example - Java Code Geeks<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A Fragment represents a portion of a user interface or an operation that runs within an Activity. 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