{"id":56157,"date":"2018-03-16T11:00:40","date_gmt":"2018-03-16T09:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/?p=56157"},"modified":"2018-04-18T15:40:24","modified_gmt":"2018-04-18T12:40:24","slug":"mongodb-maxtimems-example","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/software-development\/mongodb\/mongodb-maxtimems-example\/","title":{"rendered":"MongoDB maxTimeMS() Example"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Hello readers, in this tutorial, we will see the <code>maxTimeMS()<\/code> method available in the Mongo database.<\/p>\n<h2>1. Introduction<\/h2>\n<p>If you have installed the MongoDB application (<em>version 3.6<\/em>) on Windows or Ubuntu operating system and you wish to learn the <code>maxTimeMS()<\/code> method then follow the below steps. It is very simple, but before moving further let&#8217;s take a look at the Mongo database and its characteristics.<\/p>\n<h3>1.1 What is MongoDB?<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>MongoDB is a high-performance <em>NoSQL database<\/em> where each database has collections which in turn has documents. Each document has a different number of fields, size, content, and is stored in a JSON-like format (i.e. Binary JSON (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/BSON\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BSN<\/a>))<\/li>\n<li>The documents in MongoDB doesn\u2019t need to have a schema defined beforehand. Instead, the fields (i.e. <em>records<\/em>) can be created on the go<\/li>\n<li>Data model available within the MongoDB allows developers to represent the hierarchical relationships, store arrays, and other more complex structures easily<\/li>\n<li>This NoSQL solution often comes with embedding, auto-sharding, and onboard replication for better scalability and high availability<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>1.1.1 Why MongoDB?<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>As a NoSQL type database, MongoDB stores the data in the form of a document. Thus, MongoDB offers more flexibility<\/li>\n<li>This database supports search by field-name, range queries, and the regular expressions. It often provides queries to return the particular fields inside the documents<\/li>\n<li>MongoDB offers <em>indexes<\/em> to improve the <em>search performance<\/em> within the NoSQL database<\/li>\n<li>To offer horizontal scalability, MongoDB uses sharding by splitting the data across the many MongoDB occurrences<\/li>\n<li><strong>Replication<\/strong>: MongoDB can give high availability with the replica sets<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>1.2 What is a Cursor in MongoDB?<\/h3>\n<p>In Mongo world, a <strong>cursor<\/strong> is an object that allows developers to iterate through the documents of a Mongo collection. The behavior of cursor allows an automatic iteration across the results of the query; however, developers can explicitly go through the items returned in the cursor object. The below diagram lists <code>4<\/code> documents where the Mongo <em>cursor<\/em> will point to the first document and then iterate through all the other documents of a collection.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_56158\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-56158\" style=\"width: 673px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-archi-guide-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-56158\" src=\"http:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-archi-guide-1.jpg\" alt=\"Fig. 1: Pictorial representation of a Cursor in Mongo collection\" width=\"673\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-archi-guide-1.jpg 673w, https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-archi-guide-1-300x219.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 673px) 100vw, 673px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-56158\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fig. 1: Pictorial representation of a Cursor in Mongo collection<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n<h4>1.2.1 Why Cursor in MongoDB?<\/h4>\n<p>Cursor offers:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>A true snapshot of a system i.e. it returns the data in batches and increases the database performance<\/li>\n<li>It saves system memory by allowing batch inserts and updates<\/li>\n<li>Intelligibility and Clarity on the ad-hoc and complex queries of the sequential nature having large result sets and low consistency requirements<\/li>\n<li>Openness to work on small batches of data as developers don\u2019t need to wait for the processing and download of the complete record-set<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>2. MongoDB maxTimeMS() Example<\/h2>\n<p>In this tutorial, we will learn how to handle the <code>cursor.maxTimeMS()<\/code> method provided by the Mongo database.<\/p>\n<h3>2.1 maxTimeMS() method in the Mongo database<\/h3>\n<p>In the Mongo universe, the <code><a href=\"\/\/docs.mongodb.com\/manual\/reference\/method\/cursor.maxTimeMS\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">maxTimeMS()<\/a><\/code> method specifies a cumulative time limit in milliseconds for processing the operations on a cursor object. The <code>cursor.maxTimeMS()<\/code> method has the following prototype form:<div style=\"display:inline-block; margin: 15px 0;\"> <div id=\"adngin-JavaCodeGeeks_incontent_video-0\" style=\"display:inline-block;\"><\/div> <\/div><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>Mongo database &#8216;maxTimeMS()&#8217; Syntax<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush:bash;wrap-lines:false;\">&gt; db.collection_name.find(&lt;query_string&gt;).maxTimeMS(&lt;time_limit&gt;)\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Where:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <code>query_string<\/code> is an optional input argument that retrieves the documents from a collection on the basis of a specified choice criteria<\/li>\n<li>The <code>time_limit<\/code> is an input integer argument that specifies the cumulative time limit in milliseconds<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Do <em>remember:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <code>cursor.maxTimeMS()<\/code> method is different from the <code>NoCursorTimeout<\/code> query flag as the cursor method links to the processing time, while query flag links to the idle-time<\/li>\n<li>A cursor\u2019s idle-time does not negotiate towards it\u2019s processing time<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>2.1.1 Scenarios where maxTimeMS() method would be useful<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Batching of results allow developers to define an amount of time and effort the database need while returning the results until it quits and moves on to the next request. Thus, the cursor object would continue to return the results until the allotted time has expired<\/li>\n<li>Termination of the target operations which have exceeded their time limit. Mongo database terminates the operations using the same mechanism as the <code><a href=\"\/\/docs.mongodb.com\/manual\/reference\/method\/db.killOp\/#db.killOp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">db.killOp()<\/a><\/code> method. Do <em>note<\/em>, these operations will only be terminated at one of its designated <a href=\"\/\/docs.mongodb.com\/manual\/reference\/glossary\/#term-interrupt-point\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">interrupt points<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Mongo database does <em>not<\/em> count the network latency towards a cursor\u2019s time limit<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>2.2 Practical usage<\/h3>\n<p>Let&#8217;s understand the implementation of this method with the help of the sample snippets.<\/p>\n<h4>2.2.1 Start MongoDB<\/h4>\n<p>Start a standalone <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.mongodb.com\/manual\/reference\/program\/mongod\/#bin.mongod\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mongod<\/a> instance as shown below.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_56159\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-56159\" style=\"width: 820px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-56159\" src=\"http:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-1.jpg\" alt=\"Fig. 2: Start Mongo instance\" width=\"820\" height=\"592\" srcset=\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-1.jpg 849w, https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-1-300x217.jpg 300w, https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-1-768x555.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-56159\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fig. 2: Start Mongo instance<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n<h4>2.2.2 Connect to the Mongo Instance<\/h4>\n<p>Connect with the <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.mongodb.com\/manual\/reference\/program\/mongo\/#bin.mongo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mongo<\/a> shell to make a connection with the MongoDB instance on the port <code>27017<\/code> as shown below.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_56160\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-56160\" style=\"width: 820px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-2.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-56160\" src=\"http:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-2.jpg\" alt=\"Fig. 3: Connect to Mongo database\" width=\"820\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-2.jpg 849w, https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-2-300x128.jpg 300w, https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-2-768x327.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-56160\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fig. 3: Connect to Mongo database<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n<h4>2.2.3 Create Mongo database and collection<\/h4>\n<p>To begin with the implementation, we will need to create a sample database and collection. The below script creates a database called <code>warehouse<\/code> with a collection of <code>products<\/code>. Open the Mongo terminal and execute the script.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>Database &amp; Collection creation script<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush:bash;wrap-lines:false;\">&gt; use warehouse\r\n\r\n&gt; db.products.insertMany( [\r\n\t{ \"_id\" : 5, \"item\" : \"mango\", \"type\" : \"cortland\", \"cost\" : 1.29, \"warrantyYears\" : 1, \"available\" : false },\r\n\t{ \"_id\" : 9, \"item\" : \"mango\", \"type\" : \"fuji\", \"cost\" : 1.99 },\r\n\t{ \"_id\" : 7, \"item\" : \"mango\", \"type\" : \"honey crisp\", \"cost\" : 1.99, \"warrantyYears\" : 1, \"available\" : true },\r\n\t{ \"_id\" : 10, \"item\" : \"mango\", \"type\" : \"jonagold\", \"cost\" : 1.29, \"warrantyYears\" : 1, \"available\" : false },\r\n\t{ \"_id\" : 1, \"item\" : \"mango\", \"type\" : \"jonathan\", \"cost\" : 1.29 },\r\n\t{ \"_id\" : 6, \"item\" : \"mango\", \"type\" : \"mcintosh\", \"cost\" : 1.29 },\r\n\t{ \"_id\" : 8, \"item\" : \"orange\", \"type\" : \"cara\", \"cost\" : 2.99 },\r\n\t{ \"_id\" : 4, \"item\" : \"orange\", \"type\" : \"navel\", \"cost\" : 1.39, \"warrantyYears\" : 1, \"available\" : true },\r\n\t{ \"_id\" : 3, \"item\" : \"orange\", \"type\" : \"satsuma\", \"cost\" : 1.99 },\r\n\t{ \"_id\" : 2, \"item\" : \"orange\", \"type\" : \"valencia\", \"cost\" : 0.99, \"warrantyYears\" : 1, \"available\" : true }\r\n] )\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>The script gives the below output.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_56161\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-56161\" style=\"width: 820px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-3.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-56161\" src=\"http:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-3.jpg\" alt=\"Fig. 4: Database &amp; Collection creation\" width=\"820\" height=\"336\" srcset=\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-3.jpg 849w, https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-3-300x123.jpg 300w, https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-3-768x315.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-56161\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fig. 4: Database &amp; Collection creation<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n<h4>2.2.4 Check Mongo database and collection<\/h4>\n<p>If the script works well, the database and the collection will be shown in the Mongo Workbench. Using the <code>db.collection_name.find()<\/code> or the <code>db.collection_name.find().pretty()<\/code> command the documents of a collection will be shown as below.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_56162\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-56162\" style=\"width: 820px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-4.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-56162\" src=\"http:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-4.jpg\" alt=\"Fig. 5: Mongo database &amp; collection\" width=\"820\" height=\"155\" srcset=\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-4.jpg 849w, https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-4-300x57.jpg 300w, https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-4-768x145.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-56162\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fig. 5: Mongo database &amp; collection<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n<h4>2.3.6 Implementation of &#8216;maxTimeMS()&#8217; method<\/h4>\n<p>Now, go back to the Mongo shell and use the <code>maxTimeMS(&lt;time_limit&gt;)<\/code> method to understand it\u2019s practical implementation in the Mongo world. The below example specifies a time limit of &#8216;<em>30 milliseconds<\/em>&#8216;.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>Query 1<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush:bash;wrap-lines:false;\">&gt; db.products.find().maxTimeMS(30)\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>The Query 1 snippet will return the following Mongo documents as shown in Fig. 6.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_56163\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-56163\" style=\"width: 820px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-5.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-56163\" src=\"http:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-5.jpg\" alt=\"Fig. 6: Mongo database maxTimeMS() method\" width=\"820\" height=\"153\" srcset=\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-5.jpg 849w, https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-5-300x56.jpg 300w, https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-5-768x143.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-56163\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fig. 6: Mongo database maxTimeMS() method<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n<p>Let\u2019s say developers want to return the documents by specifying a <em>query<\/em> string. They can do this by simply appending the <code>query_string<\/code> in the <code>find()<\/code> method. The following Mongo database command can be used.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>Query 2<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush:bash;wrap-lines:false;\">&gt; db.products.find( { \"item\" : \"orange\" } ).maxTimeMS(50)\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>The Query 2 snippet will return the Mongo documents from the <code>products<\/code> collection that matches the specified choice criteria as shown in Fig. 7.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_56164\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-56164\" style=\"width: 820px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-6.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-56164\" src=\"http:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-6.jpg\" alt=\"Fig. 7: Mongo database maxTimeMS() method with a Search query\" width=\"820\" height=\"90\" srcset=\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-6.jpg 849w, https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-6-300x33.jpg 300w, https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/mongodb-maxtimems-project-guide-6-768x84.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 820px) 100vw, 820px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-56164\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fig. 7: Mongo database maxTimeMS() method with a Search query<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n<p>Do <em>remember<\/em>, the <code>cursor.maxTimeMS()<\/code> method will return an exception if the Mongo query exceeds the specified time limit. Let\u2019s understand this with the help of an example.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>Exception Trace<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush:bash;wrap-lines:false;\">&gt; db.products.find( { \"item\" : \"orange\" } ).maxTimeMS(30)\r\n\r\nError: error: {\r\n\"ok\" : 0,\r\n\"errmsg\" : \"errmsg: \\\"operation exceeded time limit\\\"\",\r\n\"code\" : 50,\r\n\"codeName\" : \"ExceededTimeLimit\"\r\n}\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>That\u2019s all for this post. Happy Learning!!<\/p>\n<h2>3. Conclusion<\/h2>\n<p>In this tutorial, we learned about the <code>maxTimeMS()<\/code> method of the Mongo database. Developers can download the sample commands in the <a href=\"#projectDownload\">Downloads<\/a> section.<\/p>\n<h2><a name=\"projectDownload\"><\/a>4. Download the Eclipse Project<\/h2>\n<p>This was an example of the <code>maxTimeMS()<\/code> method available in the Mongo database.<\/p>\n<div class=\"download\"><strong>Download<\/strong><br \/>\nYou can download the full source code of this example here: <a href=\"http:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/CodeSnippet-5.zip\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>CodeSnippet<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hello readers, in this tutorial, we will see the maxTimeMS() method available in the Mongo database. 1. Introduction If you have installed the MongoDB application (version 3.6) on Windows or Ubuntu operating system and you wish to learn the maxTimeMS() method then follow the below steps. It is very simple, but before moving further let&#8217;s &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":119,"featured_media":36154,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1447],"tags":[1194,1708],"class_list":["post-56157","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-mongodb","tag-mongodb","tag-mongodb-cursor-methods"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>MongoDB maxTimeMS() Example - Java Code Geeks<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this tutorial, we will see the maxTimeMS() method available in the Mongo database.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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