{"id":42648,"date":"2016-12-26T15:00:36","date_gmt":"2016-12-26T13:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/?p=42648"},"modified":"2019-03-29T14:11:47","modified_gmt":"2019-03-29T12:11:47","slug":"docker-environment-variables-example","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/devops\/docker\/docker-environment-variables-example\/","title":{"rendered":"Docker Environment Variables Example"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Introduction<\/h2>\n

In this post, we will discuss different ways to pass and set environment variables into a Docker container. Typically, when a new container is created Docker assigns it a few environment variables by default like so:<\/p>\n

$ docker run alpine:latest env\nPATH=\/usr\/local\/sbin:\/usr\/local\/bin:\/usr\/sbin:\/usr\/bin:\/sbin:\/bin\nHOSTNAME=de2c993a62fb\nHOME=\/root\n<\/pre>\n
Let us now explore what options do we have to inject our custom environment variables into a Docker container.\n<\/p>\n
2. Set environment variables within the container<\/h2>\n
Lets first look at the simplest way possible to set environment variables – open a terminal into the container and set environmnt an variable.
\nFor this lets first create a very simple container based on alpine:linux and one that spawns an infinite-loop.<\/p>\n
$ vi Dockerfile\nFROM alpine:latest\nMAINTAINER Hariharan Narayanan \nCOPY .\/infinite-loop.sh \/\nCMD [\"sh\", \"\/infinite-loop.sh\"]\n$\n$ vi infinite_loop.sh\nwhile (true); do echo hi; done\n$\n$ docker build --label=infinite_loop --tag=infinite_loop_1:latest .\nSending build context to Docker daemon 3.072 kB\nStep 1 : FROM alpine:latest\n ---> baa5d63471ea\nStep 2 : MAINTAINER Hariharan Narayanan \n ---> Running in 52b7476a78de\n ---> 430c5ef6db0b\nRemoving intermediate container 52b7476a78de\nStep 3 : COPY .\/infinite-loop.sh \/\n ---> 3ad24e361423\nRemoving intermediate container 25905f482a3d\nStep 4 : CMD sh \/infinite-loop.sh\n ---> Running in 1a7cf984561b\n ---> 2e386a31727b\nRemoving intermediate container 1a7cf984561b\nStep 5 : LABEL \"infinite_loop\" \"\"\n ---> Running in 37ba69ab8515\n ---> 6f683b1c8437\nRemoving intermediate container 37ba69ab8515\nSuccessfully built 6f683b1c8437\n$\n$ docker run --detach infinite_loop_1:latest \n59d4009b9cd1ec274d03799f9913622599fcbdf76eaef32c5f545088bb84c544\n<\/pre>\n
Now, open a shell into the container and set an environment variable called example_env_var<\/code> and set to value xyz<\/code>.<\/p>\n
$ docker exec -it 59d4009b9cd1ec274d03799f9913622599fcbdf76eaef32c5f545088bb84c544 \/bin\/sh\n\/ # export example_env_var=xyz\n\/ # env\nHOSTNAME=59d4009b9cd1\nSHLVL=1\nHOME=\/root\nexample_env_var=xyz\nPATH=\/usr\/local\/sbin:\/usr\/local\/bin:\/usr\/sbin:\/usr\/bin:\/sbin:\/bin\nPWD=\/\n<\/pre>\n
The command env<\/code> verifies that the environment variable example_env_var<\/code> is set to value xyz<\/code>.<\/p>\n
Now open another session into the same container and check the environment variables set again.<\/p>\n
$ docker exec -it 59d4009b9cd1ec274d03799f9913622599fcbdf76eaef32c5f545088bb84c544 \/bin\/sh\n\/ # env\nHOSTNAME=59d4009b9cd1\nSHLVL=1\nHOME=\/root\nPATH=\/usr\/local\/sbin:\/usr\/local\/bin:\/usr\/sbin:\/usr\/bin:\/sbin:\/bin\nPWD=\/\n\/ # \n<\/pre>\n
As can be seen, the new session does not have the environment variable example_env_var<\/code> set. Lets explore if we can set environment variables in such a way that they are visible in all containers derived from this Docker image.
 
<\/div> <\/div><\/p>\n
3. Set environment variables from the Docker CLI<\/h2>\n
The environment variable example_env_var=xyz<\/code> was set above within a container session. This setting was not persistent across container sessions however. Docker engine CLI provides the --env<\/code> option in docker run<\/code> command to set environment variables. Lets try a few examples now.<\/p>\n
3.1 Set a single environment variable<\/h3>\n
The environment variable example_env_var=xyz<\/code> can be set in the docker run<\/code> command using the --env<\/code> option like so.<\/p>\n
$ docker run --detach --env example_env_var=xyz infinite_loop_1:latest \n140311b1ab884142bbf055c16899b25b613d5810f99dd712710eb0da818b3c5b\n$ docker exec -it 140311b1ab884142bbf055c16899b25b613d5810f99dd712710eb0da818b3c5b env\nPATH=\/usr\/local\/sbin:\/usr\/local\/bin:\/usr\/sbin:\/usr\/bin:\/sbin:\/bin\nHOSTNAME=140311b1ab88\nexample_env_var=xyz\nHOME=\/root\n<\/pre>\n
Now let’s check from another terminal if the environment variable is still set<\/p>\n
$ docker exec -it 140311b1ab884142bbf055c16899b25b613d5810f99dd712710eb0da818b3c5b env\nPATH=\/usr\/local\/sbin:\/usr\/local\/bin:\/usr\/sbin:\/usr\/bin:\/sbin:\/bin\nHOSTNAME=140311b1ab88\nexample_env_var=xyz\nHOME=\/root\n<\/pre>\n
So this time the environment variable is set across sessions. Containers and images deriving from this image also will get these variables.<\/p>\n
3.2 Set multiple environment variables<\/h3>\n
Multiple environment variables can be set by using multiple --env<\/code> options.<\/p>\n
$ docker run --detach --env example_env_var=xyz --env example_env_var_2=abc --env example_env_var_3=1 --env example_env_var_4=true infinite_loop_1:latest \n$\n$ docker exec -it be8120b6a7eeb90a0966f6d1b4bb7c07583ddd1dd2618033f9173da916db6e4f env\nPATH=\/usr\/local\/sbin:\/usr\/local\/bin:\/usr\/sbin:\/usr\/bin:\/sbin:\/bin\nHOSTNAME=be8120b6a7ee\nexample_env_var=xyz\nexample_env_var_2=abc\nexample_env_var_3=1\nexample_env_var_4=true\nHOME=\/root\n<\/pre>\n
This can become cumbersome when there are many environment variables to be set. This can be eased out by moving environment variables into a separate file, like this…<\/p>\n
$ vi settings.env\nexample_env_var=xyz\nexample_env_var_2=abc\nexample_env_var_3=1\nexample_env_var_4=true\n$\n$ docker run --detach --env-file=settings.env infinite_loop_1:latest \n10ede841b2d3594a6aa5d12efe33144e8d6ee5b9ad10763dfaa97991c63a3162\n$\n$ docker exec -it 10ede841b2d3594a6aa5d12efe33144e8d6ee5b9ad10763dfaa97991c63a3162 env\nPATH=\/usr\/local\/sbin:\/usr\/local\/bin:\/usr\/sbin:\/usr\/bin:\/sbin:\/bin\nHOSTNAME=10ede841b2d3\nexample_env_var=xyz\nexample_env_var_2=abc\nexample_env_var_3=1\nexample_env_var_4=true\nHOME=\/root\n<\/pre>\n
We saw how to set environment variables from the docker run<\/code> command by using the --env<\/code> and --enf-file<\/code> options. Let us try doing the same without using these options but using instead the options provided in the Dockerfile itself.[ulp id=’6PVIvOz3kDbYmNRn’]<\/p>\n
4. Set environment variables from Dockerfile<\/h2>\n
Docker engine provides the instruction ENV<\/code> to set environment variables in the Dockerfile.
\nLets redo the actions done above and introduce the same environment variables in the Dockerfile using the ENV ionstruction like so.<\/p>\n
$ vi Dockerfile\nFROM alpine:latest\nMAINTAINER Hariharan Narayanan \n\nENV example_env_var=xyz\nENV example_env_var_2=abc\nENV example_env_var_3=1\nENV example_env_var_4=true\n\nCOPY .\/infinite-loop.sh \/\n\nCMD [\"sh\", \"\/infinite-loop.sh\"]\n$ \n$ docker build --label=infinite_loop --tag=infinite_loop_3:latest .\nSending build context to Docker daemon 4.096 kB\nStep 1 : FROM alpine:latest\n ---> baa5d63471ea\nStep 2 : MAINTAINER Hariharan Narayanan \n ---> Using cache\n ---> 430c5ef6db0b\nStep 3 : ENV example_env_var xyz\n ---> Running in de2ddabf92ed\n ---> 679eede67284\nRemoving intermediate container de2ddabf92ed\nStep 4 : ENV example_env_var_2 abc\n ---> Running in f9bda788b180\n ---> 1e6a619df135\nRemoving intermediate container f9bda788b180\nStep 5 : ENV example_env_var_3 1\n ---> Running in 6b90bf849305\n ---> 9ccfd0dff3dc\nRemoving intermediate container 6b90bf849305\nStep 6 : ENV example_env_var_4 true\n ---> Running in b22534b4619b\n ---> 02ba8f83be20\nRemoving intermediate container b22534b4619b\nStep 7 : COPY .\/infinite-loop.sh \/\n ---> 42d3f60549f0\nRemoving intermediate container 7cd3d47df6c4\nStep 8 : CMD sh \/infinite-loop.sh\n ---> Running in c2991b057887\n ---> cdd321499fd2\nRemoving intermediate container c2991b057887\nStep 9 : LABEL \"infinite_loop\" \"\"\n ---> Running in d643b9354e8c\n ---> 87b2ae39b41e\nRemoving intermediate container d643b9354e8c\nSuccessfully built 87b2ae39b41e\n$\n$ docker exec -it 09082da1a35470155d95b49125394a5505c6c1112d3a4b12f57dcbdbff93d057 env\nPATH=\/usr\/local\/sbin:\/usr\/local\/bin:\/usr\/sbin:\/usr\/bin:\/sbin:\/bin\nHOSTNAME=09082da1a354\nexample_env_var=xyz\nexample_env_var_2=abc\nexample_env_var_3=1\nexample_env_var_4=true\nHOME=\/root\n<\/pre>\n
Multiple ENV values can also be combined into a single instruction like below. This saves multiple layers in the resulting Docker image.<\/p>\n
$ vi Dockerfile\nFROM alpine:latest\nMAINTAINER Hariharan Narayanan \n\nENV example_env_var=xyz \\\n    example_env_var_2=abc \\\n    example_env_var_3=1 \\\n    example_env_var_4=true\n\nCOPY .\/infinite-loop.sh \/\n\nCMD [\"sh\", \"\/infinite-loop.sh\"]\n<\/pre>\n
5. Summary<\/h2>\n
In this post, we saw different forms of injecting environment variables into Docker containers. Docker provides the --env<\/code> option to inject environment variables through the docker run<\/code> command. Multiple environment variables are injected through multiple --env<\/code> options one for each variable. Environment variables can also be defined in a separate file and injected through the docker run --env-file<\/code> call. In a Dockerfile, the ENV<\/code> instruction is used to provide multiple environment variables. Each ENV<\/code> call creates a new layer in the Docker image and so multiple environment variable definitions can be combined into one ENV call too.<\/code><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1. Introduction In this post, we will discuss different ways to pass and set environment variables into a Docker container. Typically, when a new container is created Docker assigns it a few environment variables by default like so: $ docker run alpine:latest env PATH=\/usr\/local\/sbin:\/usr\/local\/bin:\/usr\/sbin:\/usr\/bin:\/sbin:\/bin HOSTNAME=de2c993a62fb HOME=\/root Let us now explore what options do we have …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":103,"featured_media":31013,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1354],"tags":[1629],"class_list":["post-42648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-docker","tag-environment-variables"],"yoast_head":"\nDocker Environment Variables Example - Java Code Geeks<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This post provides examples to inject environment variables into Docker containers. 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Docker has options to inject variables in CLI and through Dockerfile.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/devops\/docker\/docker-environment-variables-example\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Examples Java Code Geeks\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/javacodegeeks\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-12-26T13:00:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-03-29T12:11:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/docker-logo.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"150\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"150\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hariharan Narayanan\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@javacodegeeks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@javacodegeeks\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hariharan Narayanan\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/devops\/docker\/docker-environment-variables-example\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/devops\/docker\/docker-environment-variables-example\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Hariharan Narayanan\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/#\/schema\/person\/780d96edfe3bce18c5440613fa88bce3\"},\"headline\":\"Docker Environment Variables Example\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-12-26T13:00:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-03-29T12:11:47+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/devops\/docker\/docker-environment-variables-example\/\"},\"wordCount\":517,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/devops\/docker\/docker-environment-variables-example\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/docker-logo.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"environment-variables\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Docker\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/devops\/docker\/docker-environment-variables-example\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/devops\/docker\/docker-environment-variables-example\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/devops\/docker\/docker-environment-variables-example\/\",\"name\":\"Docker Environment Variables Example - Java Code Geeks\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/devops\/docker\/docker-environment-variables-example\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/devops\/docker\/docker-environment-variables-example\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/12\/docker-logo.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-12-26T13:00:36+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2019-03-29T12:11:47+00:00\",\"description\":\"This post provides examples to inject environment variables into Docker containers. 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