{"id":41705,"date":"2016-11-15T15:00:17","date_gmt":"2016-11-15T13:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/?p=41705"},"modified":"2019-03-29T14:14:48","modified_gmt":"2019-03-29T12:14:48","slug":"connect-docker-container-example","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/devops\/docker\/connect-docker-container-example\/","title":{"rendered":"Connect to Docker Container Example"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Introduction<\/h2>\n

This example introduces how to create a Docker container and connect to it. The previous posts discussed creating basic Hello World containers<\/a> and understanding your Docker installations. This post carries it further to talk about working with containers. This post assumes that you have a working Docker installation.  Let’s start<\/p>\n

2. Understanding Docker container and image<\/h2>\n

A Docker container is based on a Docker image.  A Docker image is based on a definition provided in a Dockerfile.  Consider a Docker image as a read-only snapshot of a Docker Container.  The Docker container adds a writable file-system layer on top of a Docker image to make the container usable.  Let us understand this a little bit more by examining the official openjdk version 8u111<\/a> Docker image.  What does its Dockerfile say?<\/p>\n

 
\nopenjdk\/8-jdk\/Dockerfile<\/a> (Removed comments from original file for brevity)<\/em><\/p>\n

FROM buildpack-deps:jessie-scm\n\nRUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \\\n\t\tbzip2 \\\n\t\tunzip \\\n\t\txz-utils \\\n\t&& rm -rf \/var\/lib\/apt\/lists\/*\n\nRUN echo 'deb http:\/\/deb.debian.org\/debian jessie-backports main' > \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/jessie-backports.list\n\nENV LANG C.UTF-8\n\nRUN { \\\n\t\techo '#!\/bin\/sh'; \\\n\t\techo 'set -e'; \\\n\t\techo; \\\n\t\techo 'dirname \"$(dirname \"$(readlink -f \"$(which javac || which java)\")\")\"'; \\\n\t} > \/usr\/local\/bin\/docker-java-home \\\n\t&& chmod +x \/usr\/local\/bin\/docker-java-home\n\nENV JAVA_HOME \/usr\/lib\/jvm\/java-8-openjdk-amd64\n\nENV JAVA_VERSION 8u111\nENV JAVA_DEBIAN_VERSION 8u111-b14-2~bpo8+1\n\nENV CA_CERTIFICATES_JAVA_VERSION 20140324\n\nRUN set -x \\\n\t&& apt-get update \\\n\t&& apt-get install -y \\\n\t\topenjdk-8-jdk=\"$JAVA_DEBIAN_VERSION\" \\\n\t\tca-certificates-java=\"$CA_CERTIFICATES_JAVA_VERSION\" \\\n\t&& rm -rf \/var\/lib\/apt\/lists\/* \\\n\t&& [ \"$JAVA_HOME\" = \"$(docker-java-home)\" ]\n\nRUN \/var\/lib\/dpkg\/info\/ca-certificates-java.postinst configure\n<\/pre>\n
Docker builds an image in layers. To understand this, pull the openjdk image locally and see what Docker does.<\/p>\n
\"Output<\/a>
Docker builds an image in several layers<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n
From the above image, it can be seen that Docker pulled the image in several layers.  You can explore what goes into each of these layers by using docker history<\/code> command<\/p>\n
\"Output<\/a>
Output of “docker history openjdk:8u111”<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n
What do you see? The openjdk:8u111<\/code> image has 14 layers. These layers are listed in the below table. The details for these layers can be also be seen at Dockerhub<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Dockerfile line<\/strong><\/th>\nProduces layer<\/strong><\/th>\nSized<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
FROM buildpack-deps:jessie-scm<\/code><\/td>\nADD file:41ea5187c50116884c38d9ec51d920d79cfaeb2a61c52e07a97f457419a10a4f in \/<\/code><\/td>\n123 mb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nCMD [\"\/bin\/bash\"]<\/code><\/td>\n0 b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \\
\nbzip2 \\
\nunzip \\
\nxz-utils \\
\n&& rm -rf \/var\/lib\/apt\/lists\/*<\/code><\/td>\n		\/bin\/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends ca-certificates curl wget && rm -rf \/var\/lib\/apt\/lists\/*<\/code><\/td>\n44.28 mb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\/bin\/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends bzr git mercurial openssh-client subversion procps && rm -rf \/var\/lib\/apt\/lists\/*<\/code><\/td>\n122.6 mb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n\/bin\/sh -c apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends bzip2 unzip xz-utils && rm -rf \/var\/lib\/apt\/lists\/*<\/code><\/td>\n1.286 mb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUN echo 'deb http:\/\/deb.debian.org\/debian jessie-backports main' > \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/jessie-backports.list<\/code><\/td>\n\/bin\/sh -c echo 'deb http:\/\/deb.debian.org\/debian jessie-backports main' > \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/jessie-backports.list<\/code><\/td>\n0 b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ENV LANG C.UTF-8<\/code><\/td>\nENV LANG C.UTF-8<\/code><\/td>\n0 b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUN { \\
\necho '#!\/bin\/sh'; \\
\necho 'set -e'; \\
\necho; \\
\necho 'dirname \"$(dirname \"$(readlink -f \"$(which javac || which java)\")\")\"'; \\
\n} > \/usr\/local\/bin\/docker-java-home \\
\n&& chmod +x \/usr\/local\/bin\/docker-java-home<\/code><\/td>\n		\/bin\/sh -c { echo '#!\/bin\/sh'; echo 'set -e'; echo; echo 'dirname \"$(dirname \"$(readlink -f \"$(which javac || which java)\")\")\"'; } > \/usr\/local\/bin\/docker-java-home && chmod +x \/usr\/local\/bin\/docker-java-home<\/code><\/td>\n87 b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ENV JAVA_HOME \/usr\/lib\/jvm\/java-8-openjdk-amd64<\/code><\/td>\nENV JAVA_HOME=\/usr\/lib\/jvm\/java-8-openjdk-amd64<\/code><\/td>\n0 b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ENV JAVA_VERSION 8u111<\/code><\/td>\nENV JAVA_VERSION=8u111<\/code><\/td>\n0 b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
 ENV JAVA_DEBIAN_VERSION 8u111-b14-2~bpo8+1<\/code><\/td>\n ENV JAVA_DEBIAN_VERSION=8u111-b14-2~bpo8+1<\/code><\/td>\n0 b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ENV CA_CERTIFICATES_JAVA_VERSION 20140324<\/code><\/td>\nENV CA_CERTIFICATES_JAVA_VERSION=20140324<\/code><\/td>\n0 b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUN set -x \\
\n&& apt-get update \\
\n&& apt-get install -y \\
\nopenjdk-8-jdk=\"$JAVA_DEBIAN_VERSION\" \\
\nca-certificates-java=\"$CA_CERTIFICATES_JAVA_VERSION\" \\
\n&& rm -rf \/var\/lib\/apt\/lists\/* \\
\n&& [ \"$JAVA_HOME\" = \"$(docker-java-home)\" ]<\/code><\/td>\n		\/bin\/sh -c set -x && apt-get update && apt-get install -y openjdk-8-jdk=\"$JAVA_DEBIAN_VERSION\" ca-certificates-java=\"$CA_CERTIFICATES_JAVA_VERSION\" && rm -rf \/var\/lib\/apt\/lists\/* && [ \"$JAVA_HOME\" = \"$(docker-java-home)\" ]<\/code><\/td>\n351.5 mb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
RUN \/var\/lib\/dpkg\/info\/ca-certificates-java.postinst configure<\/code><\/td>\n\/bin\/sh -c \/var\/lib\/dpkg\/info\/ca-certificates-java.postinst configure<\/code><\/td>\n418.2 kb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
So you see how Docker creates layers for every image that you create or pull. Let us see how to create a Docker container and learn further about the containers-and-images story
 
<\/div> <\/div><\/p>\n
3. Start a new Docker container from a new image<\/h2>\n
A new Docker image is created using a Dockerfile. As an example, let us create a new Docker image from the openjdk image we pulled earlier. We will create a Dockerfile that will setup a Helloworld class and execute it. This is the Dockerfile.<\/p>\n
FROM openjdk:8u111\nCOPY . \/usr\/src\/hello-world\nWORKDIR \/usr\/src\/hello-world\nRUN javac HelloWorld.java\nCMD [\"java\", \"HelloWorld\"]\n<\/pre>\n
Next create a image from this Dockerfile and examine how many new layers are created.<\/p>\n
$ docker build -t java-hello-world .<\/pre>\n
$ docker history java-hello-world:latest<\/pre>\n
\"Output<\/a>
Output of “docker history java-hello-world:latest”<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n
As can be seen 4 more layers have been added to the previous openjdk:latest<\/code> image. Execute a few commands using the java-hllo-world:latest<\/code> image and finally see what containers are created.<\/p>\n
$ docker run java-hello-world:latest<\/pre>\n
$ docker run java-hello-world:latest javac HelloWorld.java<\/pre>\n
$ docker run java-hello-world:latest java -version<\/pre>\n
$ docker ps --all<\/pre>\n
\"Output<\/a>
Output of “docker ps –all”<\/figcaption><\/figure>[ulp id=’6PVIvOz3kDbYmNRn’]<\/p>\n
We see that for every invocation of the openjdk:latest<\/code> image there is a new container created.<\/p>\n
\"Docker<\/a>
Docker containers concept<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n
Next, we will see next how to connect to a running container.<\/p>\n
4. Connect to an existing Docker container<\/h2>\n
In the previous section we saw that Docker creates a new container for every new command that we execute using an image. But this need not be so. One can also connect to an existing container provided that the container is running. A container gows into stopped state once it is done executing the command it was assigned either through the CMD<\/code> command in Dockerfile or through a command given through docker exec<\/code>. So how can we create a Docker container that will remain in running state?<\/p>\n
4.1 Create a Docker container that will remain in running state<\/h3>\n
A Docker container executing a server-side component will always remain in running state. For a simple example, create a Docker container that runs a infinite loop so it remains in running state forever (or until explicitly stopped). Create a new folder and write the code below in that folder.<\/p>\n
For that, we write a simple shell script – infinite.sh<\/code> – that runs an infinite loop like so<\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh\n#infinite.sh\ni=0\nwhile [ 1 ]; do \n    i=1\ndone\n<\/pre>\n
Write a simple Dockerfile – called Dockerfile<\/code> of course – that uses this script<\/p>\n
FROM alpine:latest\nCOPY infinite.sh .\nENTRYPOINT [\"sh\", \"infinite.sh\"]\n<\/pre>\n
Build a Docker image from this Dockerfile next<\/p>\n
$ docker build --tag infinite-loop-alpine:latest .<\/pre>\n
You may use the docker images<\/code> to verify that the image infinite-loop-alpine:latest<\/code> is created. Run the image now to see that it creates a perpetually running container<\/p>\n
$ docker run infinite-loop-alpine:latest<\/pre>\n
\"Output<\/a>
Output of docker build and docker run<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n
If it ran fine, the above command must lock the terminal in a foreground task. You can check if the command succeeded by checking the running containers in a new terminal<\/p>\n
$ docker ps<\/pre>\n
\"Output<\/a>
Output of currently running containers<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n
To run the container as a background task instead, it must be started as a daemon. This is how it can be done<\/p>\n
$ docker run --detach infinite-loop-alpine:latest<\/pre>\n
\"Output<\/a>
Output of running a docker container in detached mode<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n
Notice that calling docker run<\/code> like this does not lock the terminal anymore.<\/p>\n
4.2 Connect to the daemon container<\/h3>\n
Connecting to a running container is simple. Use the docker exec<\/code> command for this like below<\/p>\n
$ docker exec --interactive --tty stupefied_lalande \/bin\/sh<\/pre>\n
--interactive<\/code> opens an interactive STDIN input to the container
\n--tty<\/code> opens a terminal to the container
\nnauseous_wing<\/code> is the name of the container to connect to
\n\/bin\/sh<\/code> is the command to be executed once connected to the container<\/p>\n
\"Connecting<\/a>
Connecting to a container in interactive mode<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/p>\n
You can see that a new shell has opened to the container. Running ps<\/code> on the prompt will show that the script infinite.sh <\/code> is already running with PID 1. This shall always remain the primary process since it is specified in the Dockerfile through the CMD<\/code> command. A new shell process \/bin\/sh<\/code> is also added due the docker exec<\/code> command above apart from the ps<\/code> command of course<\/p>\n
This is how one connects to a running container using the Docker CLI. There are other ways too, like docker-compose<\/a> for instance, which we will probably explore in more detail in another post<\/p>\n
5. Summary<\/h2>\n
In this example we understood the concepts behind how Docker spawns containers from an image. Later we saw how we can create a container and run it in the background so that we can connect to it whenever needed<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1. Introduction This example introduces how to create a Docker container and connect to it. The previous posts discussed creating basic Hello World containers and understanding your Docker installations. This post carries it further to talk about working with containers. This post assumes that you have a working Docker installation.  Let’s start 2. Understanding Docker …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":103,"featured_media":31013,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1354],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-41705","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-docker"],"yoast_head":"\nConnect to Docker Container Example - Java Code Geeks<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this post we understand more about Docker containers and how they relate to images, commands to create containers and connect to running containers\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/examples.javacodegeeks.com\/devops\/docker\/connect-docker-container-example\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Connect to Docker Container Example - 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