Introduction: Weight loss amongst women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is crucial to reduc... more Introduction: Weight loss amongst women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is crucial to reduce the risk of endocrine, reproductive and metabolic complications including hirsutism, menstrual disturbances and cardiovascular disease. With approximately 50% of women with PCOS being overweight or obese, effective dietary management of weight in PCOS is essential. However, there is inconsistent evidence as to whether specifically modified diets (e.g. reduced carbohydrate diets) are more effective at achieving weight loss amongst women with PCOS than are conventional healthy hypocaloric diets. Material and Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that had compared weight and BMI between women with PCOS who had undergone either a specifically modified diet or a conventional healthy hypocaloric diet were performed. Six electronic databases were searched, a manual search of the reference lists of the included studies was carried out and authors were contacted for additional information. Nine studies with a total of 395 participants (all with a body mass index [BMI] ≥30) were included in the meta-analysis. The effect size used was the mean difference in post-intervention weight and BMI between participants who had undergone a specifically modified diet and participants who had undergone a conventional healthy hypocaloric diet. Results: There were no differences between groups in post-intervention weight (mean difference 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.92 to 3.43, p = .26; heterogeneity I2 = 50%, p = .04) or BMI (mean difference 0.15, 95% CI -0.93 to 1.23, p = 0.79; heterogeneity I2 = 44%, p = 0.10). Subgroup analyses according to the presence of a dietary run-in period (a period at the start of the study during which all participants are placed on an identical diet in order to equalize them on variables influenced by diet), intervention duration and type of diet and a sensitivity analysis according to study quality were not significant. Conclusions: Whilst the results should be interpreted in light of the moderate heterogeneity observed, they suggest that specifically modified diets offer no added benefit for weight loss in women with PCOS over conventional healthy hypocaloric diets. The findings of this meta-analysis may promote the unification of guidelines for the dietary management of PCOS and allow clinicians to be confident in prescribing conventional healthy hypocaloric diets for weight loss amongst their PCOS patients.
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oct 1, 1985
Lung profiles in isoimmunized pregnancy 7. Doran TA, Malone RM, Jones OV, Thompson DW, New ML. Am... more Lung profiles in isoimmunized pregnancy 7. Doran TA, Malone RM, Jones OV, Thompson DW, New ML. Amniotic fluid tests for fetal maturity in normal and abnormal pregnancies.
Equatorial compression of the fetal head is known to occur during labor; its effect on trancutane... more Equatorial compression of the fetal head is known to occur during labor; its effect on trancutaneous scalp PO2 (PtCO2) was investigated in acute experiments in four fetal lambs. Fetal PtCO2, and oxygen tension (PaO2) and flow in a carotid artery were continuously measured. Equatorial head compression was obtained by inflating a cuff around the fetal head. A strong relationship was shown to exist between PtCO2 and PaO2 values in the normoxemic and hypoxemic fetus. Stepwise compression of the fetal head resulted in a PtCO2 of zero at cuff pressures of 40 to 50 mmHg. Laborlike fetal head compression with an intensity of 50 to 70 mmHg and a duration of one minute resulted in a 30 to 60% fall in PtCO2. Fetal PaO2 remained stable in all experiments. The present findings indicate that values of PtCO2 during fetal head compression do not reflect fetal arterial oxygen tension. This questions the reliability of transcutaneous PO2 monitoring as a method of intrapartum surveillance.
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Nov 1, 1993
Ovarian cysts from 27 selected patients were examined cytologically as well as histologically. Th... more Ovarian cysts from 27 selected patients were examined cytologically as well as histologically. The aspirates were obtained by means of ultrasound or laparoscopy. Cytological examination in 17 of the cases did not show malignancy, but histological examination demonstrated malignancy in 5 of these patients. The fluid of the other 10 cysts indicated malignancy, which was confirmed histologically in only 4 cases. From this study we conclude that cytological examination has little to offer in diagnosing the true nature of ovarian cysts.
There is good evidence that transcutaneously measured oxygen tension (P tc O 2 ) in newborns and ... more There is good evidence that transcutaneously measured oxygen tension (P tc O 2 ) in newborns and adults closely reflects central arterial oxygenation. However, doubts have been expressed with regard to the agreement between fetal scalp P tc O 2 and systemic fetal oxygenation during labor. The values of fetal scalp P tc O 2 could be altered independently of fetal arterial PO 2 (PaO 2 ) due to compression of the fetal scalp capillary circulation by the pressure circle that develops between the fetal presenting part and the birth canal during uterine contractions. This chapter provides the findings of a study involving experimental head compression and transcutaneous oxygen tension in the fetal lamb. The comparison of values was obtained by continuous transcutaneous measurement of fetal scalp PO 2 and by continuous monitoring of fetal arterial oxygen tension shows good agreement during normoxemia and hypoxemia in the absence of fetal head compression. This confirms the previous reported accuracy of the transcutaneous and intravascular PO 2 transducers used in this study. On the basis of these experiments, the possibility cannot be excluded that a decreased intracranial oxygen delivery because of the fall in carotid artery flow that occurs during fetal head compression may in part be responsible for the fall in P tc O 2 .
Propagation of electrical (EMG) activity in the myometrium may be facilitated by the presence of ... more Propagation of electrical (EMG) activity in the myometrium may be facilitated by the presence of gap junctions (GJ), leading to improved synchronization of contractility. EMG and mechanical (IUP) activity in relation to GJ area were studied in 9 periparturient and in 2 ovariectomized (OVX) oestradiol-17 beta (E2) treated ewes, chronically instrumented with bipolar electrodes and intrauterine sponge-tip catheters. Myometrial biopsies were taken under epidural anaesthesia at various time intervals around delivery and after intra-arterial administration of 0.1 mg of E2. In pregnant ewes we found a significant increase in the rate of rise and area of IUP cycles during labour. Both were closely related to a significant increase in GJ area. In E2 treated OVX sheep we found a significant increase in GJ area, with a maximum at 24 hours after injection. The increase in GJ area was associated with a significant increase in the rate of rise of IUP cycles. The results of our study support the h...
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 1994
The objective was to elucidate the functional relationship between estradiol-induced changes in m... more The objective was to elucidate the functional relationship between estradiol-induced changes in myometrial activity, uterine prostanoid synthesis, and gap junction formation in vivo. The study design was as follows. The effects of inhibition of prostanoid synthesis with naproxen on formation of gap junctions and coordination of electrical and mechanical myometrial activity induced by estradiol-17 beta were investigated in 6 chronically instrumented oophorectomized ewes. Prostanoid metabolites were measured in arterial and uterine venous plasma. Myometrial biopsies were obtained to determine gap junction area. The results were that intraarterial administration of 0.1 mg of estradiol-17 beta was followed by a significant increase in maximum rate of rise of the intrauterine pressure cycles and a significant decrease in conduction time of bursts of electrical activity; this response was not altered by pharmacologic inhibition of uterine prostanoid synthesis using naproxen. Estradiol administration during continuous naproxen infusion increased gap junction area. The conclusion is that improved coordination of myometrial activity and formation of myometrial gap junctions induced by estradiol is not mediated by prostaglandins.
The objective of this open, multicentre, randomized con-(2ϫ5 subjects) randomization performed se... more The objective of this open, multicentre, randomized con-(2ϫ5 subjects) randomization performed separately in each study trolled study in women opting for in-vitro fertilization was centre. The study protocol was approved by the local ethics committees to compare the occurrence of pain and redness at the of the participating study centres and written informed consent was injection site and of post-injection fever after i.m. injection obtained from all subjects before inclusion into the study. The study with Humegon (n ⍧ 89) or Pergonal (n ⍧ 92). Assessments was conducted in full compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki were scoring of pain and redness at the injection site and as well as local rules and regulations. of post-injection fever during the next 24 h using self-Both Humegon and Pergonal consisted of freeze-dried HMG administered questionnaires. Injection site pain was for i.m. administration, containing urine-derived follicle stimulating reported in 48.9% of injections with Humegon and in hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in a ratio of ~1:1. The indicated dosage (75, 150 or 225 IU) was dissolved in 1 ml NaCl 44.9% with Pergonal (P ⍧ 0.45). A trend was seen towards 0.9%. After swabbing with 1% chlorhexidine solution, HMG injections more redness after Pergonal injection (24.0 versus 15.5%; were given in the upper outer quadrant of the gluteus maximus P ⍧ 0.08). Post-injection fever was reported in 1.4% with muscle, using a standard gauge injection needle. Study subjects were eligible for inclusion if they had a referral for was concluded that there are no statistically significant IVF, were willing to give written informed consent and were able to differences between Humegon and Pergonal after i.m. fill in the questionnaires. Exclusion criteria were ovarian stimulation injection with respect to the prevalence of pain and redness with gonadotrophins within 6 months prior to start of the study, at the injection site and of post-injection fever. contra-indications to the use of gonadotrophins and history of allergic Key words: gonadotrophin/injection/intramuscular/IVF/pain reactions following injections of any kind. The treatment period covered one IVF ovarian stimulation cycle and subjects were required to visit the hospital once before the start of treatment for instruction on how to fill in the questionnaires, and subsequently for each HMG injection given during the treatment
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1986
In 10 chronically instrumented pregnant ewes myometrial electrical activity and intrauterine pres... more In 10 chronically instrumented pregnant ewes myometrial electrical activity and intrauterine pressure were measured and plasma levels of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone were determined in late pregnancy and during and after labor. Myometrial biopsies were obtained to determine gap junction area. Plasma progesterone levels fell 4 days before delivery, and 17 beta-estradiol levels rose sharply 12 hours before delivery. Toward delivery the myometrial electrical pattern changed from infrequent bursts of long duration to frequent bursts of short duration, and the active pressure area of the intrauterine pressure cycles, the apparent conduction velocity, and the rate of rise of intrauterine pressure cycles increased associated with the changes in hormone levels. These changes were related to an increase in gap junction area. It is concluded that these results support the hypothesis that changes in concentrations of steroid hormones lead to an increase in myometrial gap junction area, which improves the coordination of contractile activity of the uterus during labor.
Milder ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization reduces aneuploidy in the human preimplanta... more Milder ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization reduces aneuploidy in the human preimplantation
Milder ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization reduces aneuploidy in the human preimplanta... more Milder ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization reduces aneuploidy in the human preimplantation
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 1987
The influence of an intrauterine pressure catheter on electrical myometrial activity (EMG) was in... more The influence of an intrauterine pressure catheter on electrical myometrial activity (EMG) was investigated in chronically instrumented oophorectomized sheep. The EMG of non-catheterized (NC) ewes (n = 4) was characterized by long-lasting but infrequently occurring bursts of electrical activity, whereas the EMG of catheterized (C) ewes (n = 4) showed short and frequent bursts. Intra-arterial administration of 0.1 mg of 17/3-estradiol (E,) was followed in C and NC ewes by an increase in myometrial activity after an initial silent period. E, did not essentially change the pattern of long and short bursts in either group. Intravenous administration of the prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitor naproxen changed the EMG pattern in the C ewes, both before and after E,, to a pattern resembling the EMG of NC ewes. The results of this study indicate that electrical myometrial activity is markedly influenced by the presence of an intrauterine pressure catheter, probably due to enhanced prostaglandin synthesis.
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 1985
The uterine electromyogram (EMG) and intrauterine pressure curves (IUP) were investigated as indi... more The uterine electromyogram (EMG) and intrauterine pressure curves (IUP) were investigated as indicators of myometrial activity in chronically instrumented, ovariectomized ewes. Spontaneous electrical activity was characterized by rhythmic patterns of trains of bursts accompanied by IUP waves. Administration of adrenergic (propranolol or phentolamine) or cholinergic (atropine) blocking agents had no effect on spontaneous uterine activity. Both oxytocin and PGF,, appeared to stimulate spontaneous myometrial activity. 17P-Estradiol temporarily depressed uterine activity in a dose-dependent fashion. The period of relaxation was followed by a pronounced increase in activity. Progesterone treatment resulted in long-term suppression of myometrial activity. Oxytocin and PGF,, increased EMG and IUP activity during estradiol suppression but not after progesterone treatment. These results indicate that (1) the myometrium is active in chronically instrumented, ovariectomized ewes, (2) the autonomic nervous system or its receptors do not play a role in the maintenance of spontaneous myometrial activity, (3) estradiol and progesterone suppress myometrical activity but by different mechanisms.
Milder ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization reduces aneuploidy in the human preimplanta... more Milder ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization reduces aneuploidy in the human preimplantation
Introduction: Weight loss amongst women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is crucial to reduc... more Introduction: Weight loss amongst women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is crucial to reduce the risk of endocrine, reproductive and metabolic complications including hirsutism, menstrual disturbances and cardiovascular disease. With approximately 50% of women with PCOS being overweight or obese, effective dietary management of weight in PCOS is essential. However, there is inconsistent evidence as to whether specifically modified diets (e.g. reduced carbohydrate diets) are more effective at achieving weight loss amongst women with PCOS than are conventional healthy hypocaloric diets. Material and Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that had compared weight and BMI between women with PCOS who had undergone either a specifically modified diet or a conventional healthy hypocaloric diet were performed. Six electronic databases were searched, a manual search of the reference lists of the included studies was carried out and authors were contacted for additional information. Nine studies with a total of 395 participants (all with a body mass index [BMI] ≥30) were included in the meta-analysis. The effect size used was the mean difference in post-intervention weight and BMI between participants who had undergone a specifically modified diet and participants who had undergone a conventional healthy hypocaloric diet. Results: There were no differences between groups in post-intervention weight (mean difference 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.92 to 3.43, p = .26; heterogeneity I2 = 50%, p = .04) or BMI (mean difference 0.15, 95% CI -0.93 to 1.23, p = 0.79; heterogeneity I2 = 44%, p = 0.10). Subgroup analyses according to the presence of a dietary run-in period (a period at the start of the study during which all participants are placed on an identical diet in order to equalize them on variables influenced by diet), intervention duration and type of diet and a sensitivity analysis according to study quality were not significant. Conclusions: Whilst the results should be interpreted in light of the moderate heterogeneity observed, they suggest that specifically modified diets offer no added benefit for weight loss in women with PCOS over conventional healthy hypocaloric diets. The findings of this meta-analysis may promote the unification of guidelines for the dietary management of PCOS and allow clinicians to be confident in prescribing conventional healthy hypocaloric diets for weight loss amongst their PCOS patients.
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oct 1, 1985
Lung profiles in isoimmunized pregnancy 7. Doran TA, Malone RM, Jones OV, Thompson DW, New ML. Am... more Lung profiles in isoimmunized pregnancy 7. Doran TA, Malone RM, Jones OV, Thompson DW, New ML. Amniotic fluid tests for fetal maturity in normal and abnormal pregnancies.
Equatorial compression of the fetal head is known to occur during labor; its effect on trancutane... more Equatorial compression of the fetal head is known to occur during labor; its effect on trancutaneous scalp PO2 (PtCO2) was investigated in acute experiments in four fetal lambs. Fetal PtCO2, and oxygen tension (PaO2) and flow in a carotid artery were continuously measured. Equatorial head compression was obtained by inflating a cuff around the fetal head. A strong relationship was shown to exist between PtCO2 and PaO2 values in the normoxemic and hypoxemic fetus. Stepwise compression of the fetal head resulted in a PtCO2 of zero at cuff pressures of 40 to 50 mmHg. Laborlike fetal head compression with an intensity of 50 to 70 mmHg and a duration of one minute resulted in a 30 to 60% fall in PtCO2. Fetal PaO2 remained stable in all experiments. The present findings indicate that values of PtCO2 during fetal head compression do not reflect fetal arterial oxygen tension. This questions the reliability of transcutaneous PO2 monitoring as a method of intrapartum surveillance.
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Nov 1, 1993
Ovarian cysts from 27 selected patients were examined cytologically as well as histologically. Th... more Ovarian cysts from 27 selected patients were examined cytologically as well as histologically. The aspirates were obtained by means of ultrasound or laparoscopy. Cytological examination in 17 of the cases did not show malignancy, but histological examination demonstrated malignancy in 5 of these patients. The fluid of the other 10 cysts indicated malignancy, which was confirmed histologically in only 4 cases. From this study we conclude that cytological examination has little to offer in diagnosing the true nature of ovarian cysts.
There is good evidence that transcutaneously measured oxygen tension (P tc O 2 ) in newborns and ... more There is good evidence that transcutaneously measured oxygen tension (P tc O 2 ) in newborns and adults closely reflects central arterial oxygenation. However, doubts have been expressed with regard to the agreement between fetal scalp P tc O 2 and systemic fetal oxygenation during labor. The values of fetal scalp P tc O 2 could be altered independently of fetal arterial PO 2 (PaO 2 ) due to compression of the fetal scalp capillary circulation by the pressure circle that develops between the fetal presenting part and the birth canal during uterine contractions. This chapter provides the findings of a study involving experimental head compression and transcutaneous oxygen tension in the fetal lamb. The comparison of values was obtained by continuous transcutaneous measurement of fetal scalp PO 2 and by continuous monitoring of fetal arterial oxygen tension shows good agreement during normoxemia and hypoxemia in the absence of fetal head compression. This confirms the previous reported accuracy of the transcutaneous and intravascular PO 2 transducers used in this study. On the basis of these experiments, the possibility cannot be excluded that a decreased intracranial oxygen delivery because of the fall in carotid artery flow that occurs during fetal head compression may in part be responsible for the fall in P tc O 2 .
Propagation of electrical (EMG) activity in the myometrium may be facilitated by the presence of ... more Propagation of electrical (EMG) activity in the myometrium may be facilitated by the presence of gap junctions (GJ), leading to improved synchronization of contractility. EMG and mechanical (IUP) activity in relation to GJ area were studied in 9 periparturient and in 2 ovariectomized (OVX) oestradiol-17 beta (E2) treated ewes, chronically instrumented with bipolar electrodes and intrauterine sponge-tip catheters. Myometrial biopsies were taken under epidural anaesthesia at various time intervals around delivery and after intra-arterial administration of 0.1 mg of E2. In pregnant ewes we found a significant increase in the rate of rise and area of IUP cycles during labour. Both were closely related to a significant increase in GJ area. In E2 treated OVX sheep we found a significant increase in GJ area, with a maximum at 24 hours after injection. The increase in GJ area was associated with a significant increase in the rate of rise of IUP cycles. The results of our study support the h...
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 1994
The objective was to elucidate the functional relationship between estradiol-induced changes in m... more The objective was to elucidate the functional relationship between estradiol-induced changes in myometrial activity, uterine prostanoid synthesis, and gap junction formation in vivo. The study design was as follows. The effects of inhibition of prostanoid synthesis with naproxen on formation of gap junctions and coordination of electrical and mechanical myometrial activity induced by estradiol-17 beta were investigated in 6 chronically instrumented oophorectomized ewes. Prostanoid metabolites were measured in arterial and uterine venous plasma. Myometrial biopsies were obtained to determine gap junction area. The results were that intraarterial administration of 0.1 mg of estradiol-17 beta was followed by a significant increase in maximum rate of rise of the intrauterine pressure cycles and a significant decrease in conduction time of bursts of electrical activity; this response was not altered by pharmacologic inhibition of uterine prostanoid synthesis using naproxen. Estradiol administration during continuous naproxen infusion increased gap junction area. The conclusion is that improved coordination of myometrial activity and formation of myometrial gap junctions induced by estradiol is not mediated by prostaglandins.
The objective of this open, multicentre, randomized con-(2ϫ5 subjects) randomization performed se... more The objective of this open, multicentre, randomized con-(2ϫ5 subjects) randomization performed separately in each study trolled study in women opting for in-vitro fertilization was centre. The study protocol was approved by the local ethics committees to compare the occurrence of pain and redness at the of the participating study centres and written informed consent was injection site and of post-injection fever after i.m. injection obtained from all subjects before inclusion into the study. The study with Humegon (n ⍧ 89) or Pergonal (n ⍧ 92). Assessments was conducted in full compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki were scoring of pain and redness at the injection site and as well as local rules and regulations. of post-injection fever during the next 24 h using self-Both Humegon and Pergonal consisted of freeze-dried HMG administered questionnaires. Injection site pain was for i.m. administration, containing urine-derived follicle stimulating reported in 48.9% of injections with Humegon and in hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in a ratio of ~1:1. The indicated dosage (75, 150 or 225 IU) was dissolved in 1 ml NaCl 44.9% with Pergonal (P ⍧ 0.45). A trend was seen towards 0.9%. After swabbing with 1% chlorhexidine solution, HMG injections more redness after Pergonal injection (24.0 versus 15.5%; were given in the upper outer quadrant of the gluteus maximus P ⍧ 0.08). Post-injection fever was reported in 1.4% with muscle, using a standard gauge injection needle. Study subjects were eligible for inclusion if they had a referral for was concluded that there are no statistically significant IVF, were willing to give written informed consent and were able to differences between Humegon and Pergonal after i.m. fill in the questionnaires. Exclusion criteria were ovarian stimulation injection with respect to the prevalence of pain and redness with gonadotrophins within 6 months prior to start of the study, at the injection site and of post-injection fever. contra-indications to the use of gonadotrophins and history of allergic Key words: gonadotrophin/injection/intramuscular/IVF/pain reactions following injections of any kind. The treatment period covered one IVF ovarian stimulation cycle and subjects were required to visit the hospital once before the start of treatment for instruction on how to fill in the questionnaires, and subsequently for each HMG injection given during the treatment
American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1986
In 10 chronically instrumented pregnant ewes myometrial electrical activity and intrauterine pres... more In 10 chronically instrumented pregnant ewes myometrial electrical activity and intrauterine pressure were measured and plasma levels of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone were determined in late pregnancy and during and after labor. Myometrial biopsies were obtained to determine gap junction area. Plasma progesterone levels fell 4 days before delivery, and 17 beta-estradiol levels rose sharply 12 hours before delivery. Toward delivery the myometrial electrical pattern changed from infrequent bursts of long duration to frequent bursts of short duration, and the active pressure area of the intrauterine pressure cycles, the apparent conduction velocity, and the rate of rise of intrauterine pressure cycles increased associated with the changes in hormone levels. These changes were related to an increase in gap junction area. It is concluded that these results support the hypothesis that changes in concentrations of steroid hormones lead to an increase in myometrial gap junction area, which improves the coordination of contractile activity of the uterus during labor.
Milder ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization reduces aneuploidy in the human preimplanta... more Milder ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization reduces aneuploidy in the human preimplantation
Milder ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization reduces aneuploidy in the human preimplanta... more Milder ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization reduces aneuploidy in the human preimplantation
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 1987
The influence of an intrauterine pressure catheter on electrical myometrial activity (EMG) was in... more The influence of an intrauterine pressure catheter on electrical myometrial activity (EMG) was investigated in chronically instrumented oophorectomized sheep. The EMG of non-catheterized (NC) ewes (n = 4) was characterized by long-lasting but infrequently occurring bursts of electrical activity, whereas the EMG of catheterized (C) ewes (n = 4) showed short and frequent bursts. Intra-arterial administration of 0.1 mg of 17/3-estradiol (E,) was followed in C and NC ewes by an increase in myometrial activity after an initial silent period. E, did not essentially change the pattern of long and short bursts in either group. Intravenous administration of the prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitor naproxen changed the EMG pattern in the C ewes, both before and after E,, to a pattern resembling the EMG of NC ewes. The results of this study indicate that electrical myometrial activity is markedly influenced by the presence of an intrauterine pressure catheter, probably due to enhanced prostaglandin synthesis.
European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 1985
The uterine electromyogram (EMG) and intrauterine pressure curves (IUP) were investigated as indi... more The uterine electromyogram (EMG) and intrauterine pressure curves (IUP) were investigated as indicators of myometrial activity in chronically instrumented, ovariectomized ewes. Spontaneous electrical activity was characterized by rhythmic patterns of trains of bursts accompanied by IUP waves. Administration of adrenergic (propranolol or phentolamine) or cholinergic (atropine) blocking agents had no effect on spontaneous uterine activity. Both oxytocin and PGF,, appeared to stimulate spontaneous myometrial activity. 17P-Estradiol temporarily depressed uterine activity in a dose-dependent fashion. The period of relaxation was followed by a pronounced increase in activity. Progesterone treatment resulted in long-term suppression of myometrial activity. Oxytocin and PGF,, increased EMG and IUP activity during estradiol suppression but not after progesterone treatment. These results indicate that (1) the myometrium is active in chronically instrumented, ovariectomized ewes, (2) the autonomic nervous system or its receptors do not play a role in the maintenance of spontaneous myometrial activity, (3) estradiol and progesterone suppress myometrical activity but by different mechanisms.
Milder ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization reduces aneuploidy in the human preimplanta... more Milder ovarian stimulation for in-vitro fertilization reduces aneuploidy in the human preimplantation
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