Aim of this paper is to compare results of multidimensional
scaling and cluster analysis in steel... more Aim of this paper is to compare results of multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis in steel industry in 2013. Factor analysis has been performed for 2003-2013 in order to conduct cluster analysis.
The aim of this paper is to analyze and describe trend of EBITDA margin in steel
industry. Crisis... more The aim of this paper is to analyze and describe trend of EBITDA margin in steel industry. Crisis started in 2008 and in 2009 it had a major negative impact on the industry. In 2010 a mild recovery was spotted. Product line should be analyzed because it makes a slight difference when a company produces steel products, products of steel such as lifts or it mines raw materials. Also other indicators should be observed and taken in consideration in order to avoid bias.
The aim of this paper is to analyze and observe environmental and financial performance in steel ... more The aim of this paper is to analyze and observe environmental and financial performance in steel industry. Iron and steel production has a global significance in terms of economic and social benefits as well as negative environmental impacts. The existing assessment of profitability of production only through selected financial indicators is unsustainable also in relation to European strategic development documents.
This article analyses the process of mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in the steel industry... more This article analyses the process of mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in the steel industry. This industry is one of the biggest polluters. According to developing strategic documents of the EU and OECD about "green growth" need to follow the process of implementation of best available technologies and techniques (BAT). The above data were obtained from sustainability reports of social responsibility from their websites. We found that it is very important to monitor not only the indicator but also its product mix, or the structure of corporate activities and especially the share of iron and steel production out of all activities. It is also appropriate to observe the quantity of crude steel produced in connection with the phase of the economic cycle and examine the amount of shutdown operations and the reason of such a reduction in production quantity. Abstrakt: V tomto článku sme analyzovali proces znižovania emisií skleníkových plynov v oceliarskom priemysle. Toto odvetvie je jedným z najväčších znečisťovateľov. Podľa rozvojových strategických dokumentov EÚ a OECD o " zelenom raste " je potrebné sledovať proces zavádzania najlepších dostupných technológií a techník (BAT). Uvedené údaje boli získané zo správ o udržateľnom rozvoji spoločenskej zodpovednosti z ich internetových stránok. Zistili sme, že je veľmi dôležité sledovať nielen ukazovatele, ale aj sortiment, ale aj štruktúru podnikových činností a najmä podiel výroby železa a ocele zo všetkých činností. Je tiež vhodné sledovať množstvo surovej ocele vyrobenej v súvislosti s fázou ekonomického cyklu a preskúmať množstvo odstavených činností a dôvod takéhoto zníženia vyrobeného množstva. Keywords: metallurgy industry, emissions CO 2, sustainable development, multidimensional scaling Kľúčové slová: odvetvie hutníctva, emisie CO 2 , udržateľný rozvoj, viacrozmerné škálovanie Úvod V tomto článku sme pozorovali a analyzovali environmentálnu výkonnosť podnikov v odvetví hutníctva a súčasne sme kvantifikovali finančnú situáciu týchto podnikov. Toto odvetvie je jedným z najväčších znečisťovateľom ovzdušia. Analyzované podniky patria medzi popredných svetových výrobcov železa a ocele. Výroba železa a ocele je kľúčovým odvetvím svetového hospodárstva. Priamo zamestnáva viac než dva milióny ľudí po celom svete. Má približne dva milióny dodávateľov a štyri milióny pracovníkov v podporujúcich odvetviach. Má rozhodujúce postavenie ako dominantný dodávateľ produktov pre iné odvetvia ako stavebný, automobilový, dopravný, strojársky, energetický priemysel apod. Približne 50% svetovej produkcie ocele spotrebuje stavebný priemysel a odvetvie vyrábajúce potreby pre domácnosti (angl. housing sector). Pri charakterizácii personálneho prostredia môžeme použiť pomer 25:1, to znamená, že čierna metalurgia je zdroj pre zamestnanie viac než 50 miliónov ľudí (Worldsteel, 2014). V súvislosti s rozvojovými strategickými dokumentmi EÚ a OECD
Cieľom tohto príspevku je ohodnotiť goodwill fúzií a akvizícií. V tomto článku sa zaoberáme, či k... more Cieľom tohto príspevku je ohodnotiť goodwill fúzií a akvizícií. V tomto článku sa zaoberáme, či kúpa firmy a výkonnosť po nej pridáva hodnotu zjednotenej firme. Poukazujeme na možné zvýšenie hodnoty podniku, ak je vysoko zadlžený. Rovnako opisujeme osobitné charakteristiky tranzitívnych ekonomík, ktoré boli ovplyvnené privatizáciou. Odkúpenie firmy zo strany zamestnancov takmer vôbec neodporúčame, nakoko sa strácajú vzťahy podriadenosti medzi manažérmi a zamestnancami. Navrhujeme sprístenie legislatívy v oblasti uspokojenia nárokov veriteľov od svojich odberateľov.
The aim of this paper is to describe development of reviews of prediction models of financial dis... more The aim of this paper is to describe development of reviews of prediction models of financial distress. There are many such reviews. Many of them are either out-of-date or too narrow focused. It is difficult to list every prediction model. Some models are not cited in the literature because they seem to be " forgotten " or they are similar to others. Úvod Existuje nesmierny počet modelov predikcie finančnej tiesne, ale aj ich prehľadov. V tomto článku uvedieme niekoľko zdrojov, ktoré skúmali stav predikcie finančnej tiesne. Cieľom tohto článku je popísať vývoj prehľadov modelov predikcie finančnej tiesne. Investopedia (2011) definuje finančnú tieseň ako " situáciu, keď spoločnosť nedokáže alebo má ťažkosti vyplatiť svoje krátkodobé záväzky svojim veriteľom 1. V ďalšom texte pre zjednodušenie nebudeme robiť rozdiel medzi daným termínom a bankrotom, systémom skorého varovania apod. Napr. Scott (1981) skúmal teoretické a empirické modely a našiel podstatné podobné charak...
Cieľom tohto príspevku je navrhnúť koncept modelu predikcie finančnej tiesne podnikov odvetví hut... more Cieľom tohto príspevku je navrhnúť koncept modelu predikcie finančnej tiesne podnikov odvetví hutníctva. Hutníctvo je dominantný dodávateľ pre viaceré odvetvia. Aj preto jeho možná finančná tieseň by mala nesmierny dopad na svetové hospodárstvo. V práci sme analyzovali rôzne modely prognózy finančnej tiesne. Navrhujeme model, v ktorom budú zahrnuté všetky relevantné faktory, ktoré môžu výrazne ovplyvniť finančné zdravie podniku. Všetky existujúce aplikovateľné modely by mali byť odskúšané s cieľom zistiť ich silné a slabé stránky, príp. možnosti ich modifikácie.
The aim of this paper is to detect causes of bankruptcy in network economy and to suggest solutio... more The aim of this paper is to detect causes of bankruptcy in network economy and to suggest solutions. Since there is a big interdependence of companies that form supply chain including banking sector, reasonable attention should be devoted. Individual members ought to monitor performance of others and employ various tools of SCM (Supply chain management) as well as outsourcing. In addition to amendment of legislative in favour of creditors is recommended.
The aim of this paper is to examine the introduction and implementation of the modules of marketi... more The aim of this paper is to examine the introduction and implementation of the modules of marketing information system. The company should introduce a suitable module according of its position in the supply chain. A company should implement an appropriate module according to its position in the supply chain. They are management relationships with suppliers (SRM), product lifecycle management (PLM), and customer relationship management (CRM), supply chain management (SCM). This approach supports individual marketing and other activities, while costs are reduced effectively by avoiding duplication of activities.
Iron and steel is of global significance in terms of economic and social benefits as well as nega... more Iron and steel is of global significance in terms of economic and social benefits as well as negative environmental impacts. The existing evaluation of profitability of production only through selected economic indicators is also in relation to European strategic development documents unsustainable. The authors of the paper introduce a concept of next more exact technical - economic - environmental assessment of steel production in general based on the analysis of the evolution of world steel production and its profitability in the years 2003-2014 and analysis of strategic documents - 2020 and OECD - Sustainable production. They formulate system, technology, energy and institutional measures for economic - environmental optimization and guiding steel production on a global and regional perspective within the purview of the projected emission limits by 2020 with a perspective to 2050.
The main objective is a permanent and
stable supply of production required range of
materials and... more The main objective is a permanent and stable supply of production required range of materials and parts to the desired location and for economic costs. The economic criterion is particularly important because payment to suppliers represents more than 80% sometimes from payments of companies. A successful procurement strategy can be a source of competitive advantage of company. Inventories represent for a company an important part in terms of the production process, but also substantial assets and related operating capital. A measure of inventory management is their impact on the profitability of the company. A company needs to have and maintain a certain inventory size within its program and market orientation. Inventories are a resource that helps implement the technological production process without interruptions, dampen fluctuations in the supply process, equalize demand and supply in the upstream and downstream opportunities and achieve economies of scale for the company.
Supply Chain Management (SCM) is a concept that is gaining in popularity and importance. However... more Supply Chain Management (SCM) is a concept that is gaining in popularity and importance. However, SCM is not a concept without problems. These problems include the lack of a universally accepted definition of SCM, the existence of several different and competing frameworks for SCM, issues with terminology and the relative lack of empirical evidence supporting the benefits attributed to SCM. However, the concept of supply chain management is not without problems. One major problem is the relative lack of empirical evidence supporting the benefits attributed to supply chain management. Another major problem for SCM is the lack of a universally accepted definition of SCM. The apparent lack of empirical research supporting benefits of SCM is, unfortunately, logical when a generally accepted definition does not exist .The Supply Chain Management Program integrates topics from manufacturing operations, purchasing, transportation, and physical distribution into a unified program. Successful supply - chain management, then, coordinates and integrates all of these activities into a seamless process. It embraces and links all of the partners in the chain. In addition to the departments within the organization, these partners include vendors, carriers, third - party companies, and information systems providers.
The financial health refers the ability of a company to maintain a balance to changing ambient c... more The financial health refers the ability of a company to maintain a balance to changing ambient conditions and also in relation to all involved in the business. Financial health required to achieve sufficient profit, furthermore long-term liquidity. The aim of the paper is the comparison of selected models of the theory of bankruptcy in the period 2008-2011 in selected companies in automotive industry.
The logistics function has to earn the highest possible return on investment over time as far as ... more The logistics function has to earn the highest possible return on investment over time as far as internal objective is concerned. But to achieve this internal objective it has to first achieve external objectives. It has to earn revenue and minimize costs. Therefore a logistics system has to be designed and operated considering its impact on revenue contribution that comes through the quality of customer service provided and cost of logistics facilities, system and operation. Costs of logistics function include capital costs are operating costs. Wages, public warehousing expenses, public transport expenses, financial expenses related to inventory investment, other administrative expenses are examples of operating costs. Capital costs are one time costs, own warehouse, own trucks are examples of capital costs.
The aim of this paper is to describe development of reviews of prediction models of financial dis... more The aim of this paper is to describe development of reviews of prediction models of financial distress. There are many such reviews. Many of them are either out-of-date or too narrow focused. It is difficult to list every prediction model. Some models are not cited in the literature because they seem to be “forgotten” or they are similar to others.
In practice, an application of marketing research can differ in ways when it may involve a pletho... more In practice, an application of marketing research can differ in ways when it may involve a plethora of incremental research and thus approaches. Distribution of data searching secondary and primary can be considered for basic sorting. Primary data should be collected in a field, are current and relevant. Secondary data is known data, which often also have been used where appropriate for other purposes and are usually available in statistical offices, archives, and similar organizations. They are often outdated and less relevant. Their informative value is not guaranteed, yet they are used in research.
The aim of the paper is to help less advanced analystsor students studying business in their
fin... more The aim of the paper is to help less advanced analystsor students studying business in their financial ratios (FPU) analysis. These suggestions were supported by quantitative research in steel industry that is crucial from global aspect. Potential shortcomings were pointed out by time series analysis of some FPUs. An analyst should perform more in-depth analysis of values of individual FPUs.
The aim of this paper is to assess financial health of 49 companies in steel industry. Financial ... more The aim of this paper is to assess financial health of 49 companies in steel industry. Financial situation of the companies has been evaluated by cluster analysis. 13 financial ratios were reduced into 4 factors by using factor analysis. The dataset for financial analysis was in 2003-2012 and the focus is on crisis period 2008-2009 and after crisis period 2010-2012. Chinese companies grew throughout the whole period while European and American companies recorded losses in 2009. K e y w o r d s: cluster analysis; financial ratios; factor analysis; principal analysis, steel industry.
Aim of this paper is to compare results of multidimensional
scaling and cluster analysis in steel... more Aim of this paper is to compare results of multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis in steel industry in 2013. Factor analysis has been performed for 2003-2013 in order to conduct cluster analysis.
The aim of this paper is to analyze and describe trend of EBITDA margin in steel
industry. Crisis... more The aim of this paper is to analyze and describe trend of EBITDA margin in steel industry. Crisis started in 2008 and in 2009 it had a major negative impact on the industry. In 2010 a mild recovery was spotted. Product line should be analyzed because it makes a slight difference when a company produces steel products, products of steel such as lifts or it mines raw materials. Also other indicators should be observed and taken in consideration in order to avoid bias.
The aim of this paper is to analyze and observe environmental and financial performance in steel ... more The aim of this paper is to analyze and observe environmental and financial performance in steel industry. Iron and steel production has a global significance in terms of economic and social benefits as well as negative environmental impacts. The existing assessment of profitability of production only through selected financial indicators is unsustainable also in relation to European strategic development documents.
This article analyses the process of mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in the steel industry... more This article analyses the process of mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in the steel industry. This industry is one of the biggest polluters. According to developing strategic documents of the EU and OECD about "green growth" need to follow the process of implementation of best available technologies and techniques (BAT). The above data were obtained from sustainability reports of social responsibility from their websites. We found that it is very important to monitor not only the indicator but also its product mix, or the structure of corporate activities and especially the share of iron and steel production out of all activities. It is also appropriate to observe the quantity of crude steel produced in connection with the phase of the economic cycle and examine the amount of shutdown operations and the reason of such a reduction in production quantity. Abstrakt: V tomto článku sme analyzovali proces znižovania emisií skleníkových plynov v oceliarskom priemysle. Toto odvetvie je jedným z najväčších znečisťovateľov. Podľa rozvojových strategických dokumentov EÚ a OECD o " zelenom raste " je potrebné sledovať proces zavádzania najlepších dostupných technológií a techník (BAT). Uvedené údaje boli získané zo správ o udržateľnom rozvoji spoločenskej zodpovednosti z ich internetových stránok. Zistili sme, že je veľmi dôležité sledovať nielen ukazovatele, ale aj sortiment, ale aj štruktúru podnikových činností a najmä podiel výroby železa a ocele zo všetkých činností. Je tiež vhodné sledovať množstvo surovej ocele vyrobenej v súvislosti s fázou ekonomického cyklu a preskúmať množstvo odstavených činností a dôvod takéhoto zníženia vyrobeného množstva. Keywords: metallurgy industry, emissions CO 2, sustainable development, multidimensional scaling Kľúčové slová: odvetvie hutníctva, emisie CO 2 , udržateľný rozvoj, viacrozmerné škálovanie Úvod V tomto článku sme pozorovali a analyzovali environmentálnu výkonnosť podnikov v odvetví hutníctva a súčasne sme kvantifikovali finančnú situáciu týchto podnikov. Toto odvetvie je jedným z najväčších znečisťovateľom ovzdušia. Analyzované podniky patria medzi popredných svetových výrobcov železa a ocele. Výroba železa a ocele je kľúčovým odvetvím svetového hospodárstva. Priamo zamestnáva viac než dva milióny ľudí po celom svete. Má približne dva milióny dodávateľov a štyri milióny pracovníkov v podporujúcich odvetviach. Má rozhodujúce postavenie ako dominantný dodávateľ produktov pre iné odvetvia ako stavebný, automobilový, dopravný, strojársky, energetický priemysel apod. Približne 50% svetovej produkcie ocele spotrebuje stavebný priemysel a odvetvie vyrábajúce potreby pre domácnosti (angl. housing sector). Pri charakterizácii personálneho prostredia môžeme použiť pomer 25:1, to znamená, že čierna metalurgia je zdroj pre zamestnanie viac než 50 miliónov ľudí (Worldsteel, 2014). V súvislosti s rozvojovými strategickými dokumentmi EÚ a OECD
Cieľom tohto príspevku je ohodnotiť goodwill fúzií a akvizícií. V tomto článku sa zaoberáme, či k... more Cieľom tohto príspevku je ohodnotiť goodwill fúzií a akvizícií. V tomto článku sa zaoberáme, či kúpa firmy a výkonnosť po nej pridáva hodnotu zjednotenej firme. Poukazujeme na možné zvýšenie hodnoty podniku, ak je vysoko zadlžený. Rovnako opisujeme osobitné charakteristiky tranzitívnych ekonomík, ktoré boli ovplyvnené privatizáciou. Odkúpenie firmy zo strany zamestnancov takmer vôbec neodporúčame, nakoko sa strácajú vzťahy podriadenosti medzi manažérmi a zamestnancami. Navrhujeme sprístenie legislatívy v oblasti uspokojenia nárokov veriteľov od svojich odberateľov.
The aim of this paper is to describe development of reviews of prediction models of financial dis... more The aim of this paper is to describe development of reviews of prediction models of financial distress. There are many such reviews. Many of them are either out-of-date or too narrow focused. It is difficult to list every prediction model. Some models are not cited in the literature because they seem to be " forgotten " or they are similar to others. Úvod Existuje nesmierny počet modelov predikcie finančnej tiesne, ale aj ich prehľadov. V tomto článku uvedieme niekoľko zdrojov, ktoré skúmali stav predikcie finančnej tiesne. Cieľom tohto článku je popísať vývoj prehľadov modelov predikcie finančnej tiesne. Investopedia (2011) definuje finančnú tieseň ako " situáciu, keď spoločnosť nedokáže alebo má ťažkosti vyplatiť svoje krátkodobé záväzky svojim veriteľom 1. V ďalšom texte pre zjednodušenie nebudeme robiť rozdiel medzi daným termínom a bankrotom, systémom skorého varovania apod. Napr. Scott (1981) skúmal teoretické a empirické modely a našiel podstatné podobné charak...
Cieľom tohto príspevku je navrhnúť koncept modelu predikcie finančnej tiesne podnikov odvetví hut... more Cieľom tohto príspevku je navrhnúť koncept modelu predikcie finančnej tiesne podnikov odvetví hutníctva. Hutníctvo je dominantný dodávateľ pre viaceré odvetvia. Aj preto jeho možná finančná tieseň by mala nesmierny dopad na svetové hospodárstvo. V práci sme analyzovali rôzne modely prognózy finančnej tiesne. Navrhujeme model, v ktorom budú zahrnuté všetky relevantné faktory, ktoré môžu výrazne ovplyvniť finančné zdravie podniku. Všetky existujúce aplikovateľné modely by mali byť odskúšané s cieľom zistiť ich silné a slabé stránky, príp. možnosti ich modifikácie.
The aim of this paper is to detect causes of bankruptcy in network economy and to suggest solutio... more The aim of this paper is to detect causes of bankruptcy in network economy and to suggest solutions. Since there is a big interdependence of companies that form supply chain including banking sector, reasonable attention should be devoted. Individual members ought to monitor performance of others and employ various tools of SCM (Supply chain management) as well as outsourcing. In addition to amendment of legislative in favour of creditors is recommended.
The aim of this paper is to examine the introduction and implementation of the modules of marketi... more The aim of this paper is to examine the introduction and implementation of the modules of marketing information system. The company should introduce a suitable module according of its position in the supply chain. A company should implement an appropriate module according to its position in the supply chain. They are management relationships with suppliers (SRM), product lifecycle management (PLM), and customer relationship management (CRM), supply chain management (SCM). This approach supports individual marketing and other activities, while costs are reduced effectively by avoiding duplication of activities.
Iron and steel is of global significance in terms of economic and social benefits as well as nega... more Iron and steel is of global significance in terms of economic and social benefits as well as negative environmental impacts. The existing evaluation of profitability of production only through selected economic indicators is also in relation to European strategic development documents unsustainable. The authors of the paper introduce a concept of next more exact technical - economic - environmental assessment of steel production in general based on the analysis of the evolution of world steel production and its profitability in the years 2003-2014 and analysis of strategic documents - 2020 and OECD - Sustainable production. They formulate system, technology, energy and institutional measures for economic - environmental optimization and guiding steel production on a global and regional perspective within the purview of the projected emission limits by 2020 with a perspective to 2050.
The main objective is a permanent and
stable supply of production required range of
materials and... more The main objective is a permanent and stable supply of production required range of materials and parts to the desired location and for economic costs. The economic criterion is particularly important because payment to suppliers represents more than 80% sometimes from payments of companies. A successful procurement strategy can be a source of competitive advantage of company. Inventories represent for a company an important part in terms of the production process, but also substantial assets and related operating capital. A measure of inventory management is their impact on the profitability of the company. A company needs to have and maintain a certain inventory size within its program and market orientation. Inventories are a resource that helps implement the technological production process without interruptions, dampen fluctuations in the supply process, equalize demand and supply in the upstream and downstream opportunities and achieve economies of scale for the company.
Supply Chain Management (SCM) is a concept that is gaining in popularity and importance. However... more Supply Chain Management (SCM) is a concept that is gaining in popularity and importance. However, SCM is not a concept without problems. These problems include the lack of a universally accepted definition of SCM, the existence of several different and competing frameworks for SCM, issues with terminology and the relative lack of empirical evidence supporting the benefits attributed to SCM. However, the concept of supply chain management is not without problems. One major problem is the relative lack of empirical evidence supporting the benefits attributed to supply chain management. Another major problem for SCM is the lack of a universally accepted definition of SCM. The apparent lack of empirical research supporting benefits of SCM is, unfortunately, logical when a generally accepted definition does not exist .The Supply Chain Management Program integrates topics from manufacturing operations, purchasing, transportation, and physical distribution into a unified program. Successful supply - chain management, then, coordinates and integrates all of these activities into a seamless process. It embraces and links all of the partners in the chain. In addition to the departments within the organization, these partners include vendors, carriers, third - party companies, and information systems providers.
The financial health refers the ability of a company to maintain a balance to changing ambient c... more The financial health refers the ability of a company to maintain a balance to changing ambient conditions and also in relation to all involved in the business. Financial health required to achieve sufficient profit, furthermore long-term liquidity. The aim of the paper is the comparison of selected models of the theory of bankruptcy in the period 2008-2011 in selected companies in automotive industry.
The logistics function has to earn the highest possible return on investment over time as far as ... more The logistics function has to earn the highest possible return on investment over time as far as internal objective is concerned. But to achieve this internal objective it has to first achieve external objectives. It has to earn revenue and minimize costs. Therefore a logistics system has to be designed and operated considering its impact on revenue contribution that comes through the quality of customer service provided and cost of logistics facilities, system and operation. Costs of logistics function include capital costs are operating costs. Wages, public warehousing expenses, public transport expenses, financial expenses related to inventory investment, other administrative expenses are examples of operating costs. Capital costs are one time costs, own warehouse, own trucks are examples of capital costs.
The aim of this paper is to describe development of reviews of prediction models of financial dis... more The aim of this paper is to describe development of reviews of prediction models of financial distress. There are many such reviews. Many of them are either out-of-date or too narrow focused. It is difficult to list every prediction model. Some models are not cited in the literature because they seem to be “forgotten” or they are similar to others.
In practice, an application of marketing research can differ in ways when it may involve a pletho... more In practice, an application of marketing research can differ in ways when it may involve a plethora of incremental research and thus approaches. Distribution of data searching secondary and primary can be considered for basic sorting. Primary data should be collected in a field, are current and relevant. Secondary data is known data, which often also have been used where appropriate for other purposes and are usually available in statistical offices, archives, and similar organizations. They are often outdated and less relevant. Their informative value is not guaranteed, yet they are used in research.
The aim of the paper is to help less advanced analystsor students studying business in their
fin... more The aim of the paper is to help less advanced analystsor students studying business in their financial ratios (FPU) analysis. These suggestions were supported by quantitative research in steel industry that is crucial from global aspect. Potential shortcomings were pointed out by time series analysis of some FPUs. An analyst should perform more in-depth analysis of values of individual FPUs.
The aim of this paper is to assess financial health of 49 companies in steel industry. Financial ... more The aim of this paper is to assess financial health of 49 companies in steel industry. Financial situation of the companies has been evaluated by cluster analysis. 13 financial ratios were reduced into 4 factors by using factor analysis. The dataset for financial analysis was in 2003-2012 and the focus is on crisis period 2008-2009 and after crisis period 2010-2012. Chinese companies grew throughout the whole period while European and American companies recorded losses in 2009. K e y w o r d s: cluster analysis; financial ratios; factor analysis; principal analysis, steel industry.
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Papers by Michal Kravec
scaling and cluster analysis in steel industry in 2013. Factor
analysis has been performed for 2003-2013 in order to
conduct cluster analysis.
industry. Crisis started in 2008 and in 2009 it had a major negative impact on the industry. In
2010 a mild recovery was spotted. Product line should be analyzed because it makes a slight
difference when a company produces steel products, products of steel such as lifts or it mines
raw materials. Also other indicators should be observed and taken in consideration in order to
avoid bias.
impacts. The existing evaluation of profitability of production only through selected economic indicators is also in
relation to European strategic development documents unsustainable. The authors of the paper introduce a concept of
next more exact technical - economic - environmental assessment of steel production in general based on the analysis of
the evolution of world steel production and its profitability in the years 2003-2014 and analysis of strategic documents -
2020 and OECD - Sustainable production. They formulate system, technology, energy and institutional measures for
economic - environmental optimization and guiding steel production on a global and regional perspective within the
purview of the projected emission limits by 2020 with a perspective to 2050.
stable supply of production required range of
materials and parts to the desired location and for
economic costs. The economic criterion is
particularly important because payment to suppliers
represents more than 80% sometimes from
payments of companies. A successful procurement
strategy can be a source of competitive advantage
of company.
Inventories represent for a company an
important part in terms of the production process,
but also substantial assets and related operating
capital. A measure of inventory management is
their impact on the profitability of the company. A
company needs to have and maintain a certain
inventory size within its program and market
orientation. Inventories are a resource that helps
implement the technological production process
without interruptions, dampen fluctuations in the
supply process, equalize demand and supply in the
upstream and downstream opportunities and
achieve economies of scale for the company.
not a concept without problems. These problems include the lack of a universally accepted definition of SCM, the
existence of several different and competing frameworks for SCM, issues with terminology and the relative lack
of empirical evidence supporting the benefits attributed to SCM. However, the concept of supply chain
management is not without problems. One major problem is the relative lack of empirical evidence supporting
the benefits attributed to supply chain management. Another major problem for SCM is the lack of a universally
accepted definition of SCM. The apparent lack of empirical research supporting benefits of SCM is,
unfortunately, logical when a generally accepted definition does not exist .The Supply Chain Management
Program integrates topics from manufacturing operations, purchasing, transportation, and physical distribution
into a unified program. Successful supply - chain management, then, coordinates and integrates all of these
activities into a seamless process. It embraces and links all of the partners in the chain. In addition to the
departments within the organization, these partners include vendors, carriers, third - party companies, and
information systems providers.
Therefore a logistics system has to be designed and operated considering its impact on revenue contribution that comes through the quality of customer service provided and cost of logistics facilities, system and operation. Costs of logistics function include capital costs are operating costs. Wages, public warehousing expenses, public transport expenses, financial expenses related to inventory investment, other administrative expenses are examples of operating costs. Capital costs are one time costs, own warehouse, own trucks are examples of capital costs.
research and thus approaches. Distribution of data searching secondary and primary can be considered for basic sorting.
Primary data should be collected in a field, are current and relevant. Secondary data is known data, which often also
have been used where appropriate for other purposes and are usually available in statistical offices, archives, and similar
organizations. They are often outdated and less relevant. Their informative value is not guaranteed, yet they are used in
research.
financial ratios (FPU) analysis. These suggestions were supported by quantitative research in
steel industry that is crucial from global aspect. Potential shortcomings were pointed out by
time series analysis of some FPUs. An analyst should perform more in-depth analysis of
values of individual FPUs.
scaling and cluster analysis in steel industry in 2013. Factor
analysis has been performed for 2003-2013 in order to
conduct cluster analysis.
industry. Crisis started in 2008 and in 2009 it had a major negative impact on the industry. In
2010 a mild recovery was spotted. Product line should be analyzed because it makes a slight
difference when a company produces steel products, products of steel such as lifts or it mines
raw materials. Also other indicators should be observed and taken in consideration in order to
avoid bias.
impacts. The existing evaluation of profitability of production only through selected economic indicators is also in
relation to European strategic development documents unsustainable. The authors of the paper introduce a concept of
next more exact technical - economic - environmental assessment of steel production in general based on the analysis of
the evolution of world steel production and its profitability in the years 2003-2014 and analysis of strategic documents -
2020 and OECD - Sustainable production. They formulate system, technology, energy and institutional measures for
economic - environmental optimization and guiding steel production on a global and regional perspective within the
purview of the projected emission limits by 2020 with a perspective to 2050.
stable supply of production required range of
materials and parts to the desired location and for
economic costs. The economic criterion is
particularly important because payment to suppliers
represents more than 80% sometimes from
payments of companies. A successful procurement
strategy can be a source of competitive advantage
of company.
Inventories represent for a company an
important part in terms of the production process,
but also substantial assets and related operating
capital. A measure of inventory management is
their impact on the profitability of the company. A
company needs to have and maintain a certain
inventory size within its program and market
orientation. Inventories are a resource that helps
implement the technological production process
without interruptions, dampen fluctuations in the
supply process, equalize demand and supply in the
upstream and downstream opportunities and
achieve economies of scale for the company.
not a concept without problems. These problems include the lack of a universally accepted definition of SCM, the
existence of several different and competing frameworks for SCM, issues with terminology and the relative lack
of empirical evidence supporting the benefits attributed to SCM. However, the concept of supply chain
management is not without problems. One major problem is the relative lack of empirical evidence supporting
the benefits attributed to supply chain management. Another major problem for SCM is the lack of a universally
accepted definition of SCM. The apparent lack of empirical research supporting benefits of SCM is,
unfortunately, logical when a generally accepted definition does not exist .The Supply Chain Management
Program integrates topics from manufacturing operations, purchasing, transportation, and physical distribution
into a unified program. Successful supply - chain management, then, coordinates and integrates all of these
activities into a seamless process. It embraces and links all of the partners in the chain. In addition to the
departments within the organization, these partners include vendors, carriers, third - party companies, and
information systems providers.
Therefore a logistics system has to be designed and operated considering its impact on revenue contribution that comes through the quality of customer service provided and cost of logistics facilities, system and operation. Costs of logistics function include capital costs are operating costs. Wages, public warehousing expenses, public transport expenses, financial expenses related to inventory investment, other administrative expenses are examples of operating costs. Capital costs are one time costs, own warehouse, own trucks are examples of capital costs.
research and thus approaches. Distribution of data searching secondary and primary can be considered for basic sorting.
Primary data should be collected in a field, are current and relevant. Secondary data is known data, which often also
have been used where appropriate for other purposes and are usually available in statistical offices, archives, and similar
organizations. They are often outdated and less relevant. Their informative value is not guaranteed, yet they are used in
research.
financial ratios (FPU) analysis. These suggestions were supported by quantitative research in
steel industry that is crucial from global aspect. Potential shortcomings were pointed out by
time series analysis of some FPUs. An analyst should perform more in-depth analysis of
values of individual FPUs.