Which critique of human rights do you find most convincing, if any? (Refer to at least one of Mar... more Which critique of human rights do you find most convincing, if any? (Refer to at least one of Marxism or utilitarianism) The Marxist critique of human rights is the most convincing. To understand Marx's perspective on human rights we must understand the context within which Marx and Engels were writing, before we can see how the Marxist critique. The bulk of Marx's critique is taken from parts of his early writings, in the mid-1840s, with some further development in the late 1870s. Marx was writing at a time of turmoil within the European empires. Aristocratic rule was being toppled by the growing bourgeois class, through their uniting with the working and peasant classes. In turn, the bourgeois governments were being challenged by risings of the working and peasant classes.
This paper looks at changing size in membership of the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (S... more This paper looks at changing size in membership of the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (Social Democratic Party of Germany, SPD) in Germany and the Labour Party in the UK between 1961 and 2010. Membership of these parties is then compared with population size, electorate size, and electoral performance. This facilitates the development of an informed understanding of the relationship between the mass populace, the party system, the electoral system, and subsequently the political system as a whole. Trends in party decline are shown to be concurrent with trends in wider political disengagement. This paper then compares these findings with those of similar studies before going into more depth on what the changing political engagement means for the dynamics of party systems. Finally, this paper looks at what the causes behind this trend may be. Background. ! Political parties form the fundamental strata through which the sphere of politics is coordinated in contemporary society. Trust in the parties of a nation-state has a significant effect on trust in the governments that are formed and therefore perspectives on parties have a direct link to the continued legitimacy for the current political systems practised by advanced industrial democracies. Since the late 1960s literature has discussed the decline of parties. This, then, raises questions about what those parties are becoming as participation within them falls and also what organisations or structures are filling the space that parties once filled (Webb, Farrell & Holliday, 2002.) Mair (1997) puts forward that the shift is away from the mass party, made up of a large activist base which also provides the social sphere for members, towards leader-centred catch-all parties based on
Which critique of human rights do you find most convincing, if any? (Refer to at least one of Mar... more Which critique of human rights do you find most convincing, if any? (Refer to at least one of Marxism or utilitarianism) The Marxist critique of human rights is the most convincing. To understand Marx's perspective on human rights we must understand the context within which Marx and Engels were writing, before we can see how the Marxist critique. The bulk of Marx's critique is taken from parts of his early writings, in the mid-1840s, with some further development in the late 1870s. Marx was writing at a time of turmoil within the European empires. Aristocratic rule was being toppled by the growing bourgeois class, through their uniting with the working and peasant classes. In turn, the bourgeois governments were being challenged by risings of the working and peasant classes.
This paper looks at changing size in membership of the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (S... more This paper looks at changing size in membership of the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (Social Democratic Party of Germany, SPD) in Germany and the Labour Party in the UK between 1961 and 2010. Membership of these parties is then compared with population size, electorate size, and electoral performance. This facilitates the development of an informed understanding of the relationship between the mass populace, the party system, the electoral system, and subsequently the political system as a whole. Trends in party decline are shown to be concurrent with trends in wider political disengagement. This paper then compares these findings with those of similar studies before going into more depth on what the changing political engagement means for the dynamics of party systems. Finally, this paper looks at what the causes behind this trend may be. Background. ! Political parties form the fundamental strata through which the sphere of politics is coordinated in contemporary society. Trust in the parties of a nation-state has a significant effect on trust in the governments that are formed and therefore perspectives on parties have a direct link to the continued legitimacy for the current political systems practised by advanced industrial democracies. Since the late 1960s literature has discussed the decline of parties. This, then, raises questions about what those parties are becoming as participation within them falls and also what organisations or structures are filling the space that parties once filled (Webb, Farrell & Holliday, 2002.) Mair (1997) puts forward that the shift is away from the mass party, made up of a large activist base which also provides the social sphere for members, towards leader-centred catch-all parties based on
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