Performing a Basic US Examination:
A Road Map for Radiology Residents
Tiffany T. Yu, MD
Amelia M. Wnorowski, MD
Barton F. Lane, MD
Jade J. Wong-You-Cheong, MD
The Road Map: Getting Image
Transducer Saving the
Screen display acquisition and
ready selection
settings
image
Evaluar que equipo se va a necesitar.
Gel
Pocision del paciente.
Tipo de transductor.
El protocolo a utilizar
The Road Map: Transducer Image
Screen display Saving the
Getting ready acquisition and
selection settings
image
Puntos clave
• Los transductores varian en tamaño, forma y frecuencia.
• Considerar la region de interes
A B
C
The Road Map: Screen Image
Transducer Saving the
Getting ready acquisition and
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Interpretación de la pantalla principal
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The Road Map: Getting ready
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Screen display acquisition and
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Saving the
image
LA ORIENTACION DEL TRANSDUCTOR
Transducer
marker
Transducer
marker
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The Road Map: Getting ready
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RECONO IMIENTO DE LOS SECTORES DE LA CONSOLA
• Ganancias
• Frecuencia
• Foco
• Pofundidad
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The Road Map: Getting ready
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Screen display acquisition and Saving the
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Display Modes12
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The Road Map: Getting ready
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Screen display acquisition and Saving the
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Display Modes12
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The Road Map: Getting ready
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Screen display acquisition and Saving the
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Basic review of some important physics concepts…
• Frequency (f) = Number (#) of cycles per second
Resolution = ability to identify two closely apposed
(sec) that a wave undergoes, measured in units of
objects as separate entities15
hertz (Hz); inversely related to wavelength (λ)
λ
Spatial resolution = Temporal resolution =
ability to discriminate ability to accurately f=
two separate objects locate structures at a
1 cycle = 1 peak time = 1 sec
that are close together specific point in time + 1 trough
• SPL = # cycles in an emitted ultrasound pulse × λ; affects
Axial resolution = Parallel to the
ultrasound beam; affected by the spatial axial resolution16
pulse length (SPL) • Penetration = Minimum depth at which electronic noise
Lateral resolution = Along the image is visible despite setting optimized controls11
plane (perpendicular to the axial plane);
affected by beam width and focal zone Key Point: ↓λ, ↓SPL, ↑axial resolution
Elevational resolution = In the direction ↓beam width, ↑lateral resolution
of section thickness (perpendicular to transducer f
imaging plane); inherent to the
transducer; not adjustable ↓λ ,↑attenuation, ↓penetration
Note.—↓ = decrease, ↑ = increase
Image
The Road Map: Getting ready
Transducer
selection
Screen display acquisition and Saving the
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FRECUENCIA
b
a
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The Road Map: Getting ready
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Screen display acquisition and Saving the
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FRECUENCIA Y LAS IMAGENES ARMONICAS DE LOS TEJIDOS
Effects of THI on
various artifacts:
↓ Reverberation artifact
↓ Side lobe artifact
↓ Grating lobe artifact
a b
↑ Acoustic enhancement
↑ Acoustic shadowing
↑ Comet-tail artifact
Mejora la resolución , disminuye el ruidoñ, es particularmente util en imagenes
de apariecnia quistica anormalidades que contienen grasa,calcio o aire en
pacientes que tienen obesidad .
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The Road Map: Getting ready
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THI Ejemplos
e
a
f
b
d
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The Road Map: Getting ready
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Optimizar el Foco
a b c
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The Road Map: Getting ready
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FOV: Forma, Profundidad y Sector
The shape of the display is dependent on the transducer type being used
and its function. Common shapes include:11
2D Rectangular 2D Sector
2D Convex or Curved 2D Trapezoidal
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The Road Map: Getting ready
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Optimizar las ganancias generales
a b c
(c) US image of the liver obtained with overall gain
optimized (66%, arrow). Note the improved
visualization.
(b) US image of the liver obtained with an overall
(a) US image of the liver obtained with an overall gain that was set too low (52%, arrow). Note the d
gain that was set too high (75%, arrow). Note the darkness of the image.
brightness of the image.
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The Road Map: Getting ready
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Screen display acquisition and Saving the
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Correción de las ganancias de manera particular
Slide pods on the US machine console adjust image brightness at selective depths. Adjust this setting if the image needs
correction at a certain depth and to improve image homogeneity by depth.
a b c d
Image
The Road Map: Getting ready
Transducer
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Screen display acquisition and Saving the
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Power Output
• Al incrementar el power output incrementa la fuerza en que los ecos regresan al
transductor ,como resultado la imagen se vera mas brillante
• Primero debemos optimizer las ganancias generals antes de aplicarlo
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