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Compendium AIME

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0% encontró este documento útil (0 votos)

267 vistas381 páginas

Compendium AIME

Cargado por

Faris Gemink

Derechos de autor

Nos tomamos en serio los derechos de los contenidos. Si sospechas que se trata de tu contenido, reclámalo aquí.

Formatos disponibles

Descarga como PDF, TXT o lee en línea desde Scribd

COMPENDIUM AIME

1983 – 2025

Gerard Romo Garrido

Toomates Coolección vol. 45

Toomates Coolección
Los libros de Toomates son materiales digitales y gratuitos. Son digitales porque están pensados para ser consultados mediante un
ordenador, tablet o móvil. Son gratuitos porque se ofrecen a la comunidad educativa sin coste alguno. Los libros de texto pueden ser
digitales o en papel, gratuitos o en venta, y ninguna de estas opciones es necesariamente mejor o peor que las otras. Es más: Suele
suceder que los mejores docentes son los que piden a sus alumnos la compra de un libro de texto en papel, esto es un hecho. Lo que
no es aceptable, por inmoral y mezquino, es el modelo de las llamadas "licencias digitales", “licencias de uso” y en general
cualquier forma de “pago por el acceso a los materiales didácticos”, con las que algunas empresas pretenden cobrar a los
estudiantes, una y otra vez, por acceder a los mismos contenidos (unos contenidos que, además, son de una bajísima calidad). Este
modelo de negocio es miserable, pues impide el compartir un mismo material, incluso entre dos hermanos, pretende convertir a los
estudiantes en un mercado cautivo, exige a los estudiantes y a las escuelas costosísimas líneas de Internet, pretende pervertir el
conocimiento, que es algo social, público, convirtiéndolo en un producto de propiedad privada, accesible solo a aquellos que se lo
puedan permitir, y solo de una manera encapsulada, fragmentada, impidiendo el derecho del alumno de poseer todo el libro, de
acceder a todo el libro, de moverse libremente por todo el libro.
Nadie puede pretender ser neutral ante esto: Mirar para otro lado y aceptar el modelo de pago por acceso a los materiales es admitir
un mundo más injusto, es participar en la denegación del acceso al conocimiento a aquellos que no disponen de medios económicos,
y esto en un mundo en el que las modernas tecnologías actuales permiten, por primera vez en la historia de la Humanidad, poder
compartir el conocimiento sin coste alguno, con algo tan simple como es un archivo "pdf". El conocimiento no es una mercancía.
El proyecto Toomates tiene como objetivo la promoción y difusión entre el profesorado y el colectivo de estudiantes de unos
materiales didácticos libres, gratuitos y de calidad, que fuerce a las empresas comerciales a competir ofreciendo alternativas de pago
atractivas aumentando la calidad de los materiales que ofrecen, (que son muy mediocres) y no mediante retorcidas técnicas
comerciales.
Estos libros se comparten bajo una licencia “Creative Commons 4.0 (Atribution Non Commercial)”: Se permite, se promueve y
se fomenta cualquier uso, reproducción y edición de todos estos materiales siempre que sea sin ánimo de lucro y se cite su
procedencia. Todos los libros se ofrecen en dos versiones: En formato “pdf” para una cómoda lectura y en el formato “doc” de
MSWord para permitir y facilitar su edición y generar versiones parcial o totalmente modificadas.
¡Libérate de la tiranía y mediocridad de las editoriales! Crea, utiliza y comparte tus propios materiales didácticos.

Problem Solving (en español):

Geometría Axiomática Problemas de Geometría 1 Problemas de Geometría 2
Introducción a la Geometría Álgebra Teoría de números Combinatoria Probabilidad
Trigonometría Desigualdades Números complejos Calculus & Precalculus
Libros de texto (en catalán):
Nombres (Preàlgebra) Àlgebra Proporcionalitat Mesures geomètriques
Geometria analítica Combinatòria i Probabilitat Estadística Trigonometria Funcions
Nombres Complexos Àlgebra Lineal Geometria Lineal Càlcul Infinitesimal
Programació Lineal Mates amb Excel
PAU españolas:
Cataluña TEC Cataluña CCSS Valencia Galicia País Vasco Baleares
PAU y reválidas internacionales:
Portugal Italia Francia Rumanía Hungría Polonia Pearson Edexcel International A Level
China Gaokao Pearson Edexcel IGCSE Cambridge International A Level
Cambridge IGCSE AQA GCSE International Baccalaureate (IB)
Evaluación diagnóstica y pruebas de acceso:
ACM6EP ACM4 CFGS PAP
Competiciones matemáticas:
Canguro: España Cataluña Francia USA Reino Unido Austria
USA: Mathcounts AMC 8 10 12 AIME USAJMO USAMO TSTST TST ELMO Putnam
España: OME OMEFL OMEC OMEA OMEM CDP
Europa: OMI Arquimede HMMT BMO Balkan MO JBMO
Internacional: IMO IGO SMT INMO CMO HMMT EGMO
AHSME: Book 1 Book 2 Book 3 Book 4 Book 5 Book 6 Book 7 Book 8 Book 9
Otros materiales:
Pizzazz!: Book A Book B Book C Book D Book E Pre-Algebra Algebra , REOIM , Llibre3r
¡Genera tus propias versiones de este documento! Siempre que es posible se ofrecen las versiones editables “MS Word” de todos los
materiales para facilitar su edición.

¡Ayuda a mejorar! Envía cualquier duda, observación, comentario o sugerencia a toomates@[Link]

¡No utilices una versión anticuada! Todos estos libros se revisan y amplían constantemente. Descarga totalmente gratis la última
versión de estos documentos en los correspondientes enlaces superiores, en los que siempre encontrarás la versión más actualizada.
Consulta el catálogo de libros completo en [Link]
¿Problemas para descargar algún documento? Descarga toda la biblioteca Toomates Aquí
Visita mi Canal de Youtube: [Link]
Visita mi blog: [Link]

Versión de este documento: 18/06/2025

Índice.
1983 4
1984 8
1985 12
1986 16
1987 19
1988 23
1989 27
1990 31
1991 35
1992 39
1993 42
1994 46
1995 50
1996 54
1997 57
1998 61
1999 64

AIME I AIME II
2000 68 72
2001 75 78
2002 82 86
2003 90 93
2004 96 100
2005 104 107
2006 110 114
2007 118 123
2008 127 131
2009 135 138
2010 142 145
2011 148 152
2012 156 160
2013 164 168
2014 171 175
2015 179 183
2016 187 191
2017 195 199

AIME I AIME II
Enunciados Enunciados Soluciones Enunciados Enunciados Soluciones
en inglés en español en español en inglés en español en español

2018 203 295 298 207 315 318

2019 211 258 262 215 276 280
2020 218 224 227 221 239 242

AIME I AIME II
2021 339 343
2022 347 351
2023 355 359
2024 363 367
2025 371 375

Las respuestas a todos los problemas son siempre números enteros

entre 000 y 999. y aparecen en la última página de este documento.

Se puede acceder a las soluciones de la web AoPS clicando en el link “Solution” que
aparece al final de cada enunciado.

Este documento es una compilación de los archivos que se encuentran en la página web
[Link]

agrupados en un único archivo “pdf” mediante la aplicación online [Link].

5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

1983 AIME Problems

1983 AIME (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=1983)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

ranging from to , inclusive. Your score will be the number of
correct answers; i.e., there is neither partial credit nor a penalty for
wrong answers.
2. No aids other than scratch paper, graph paper, ruler, compass, and
protractor are permitted. In particular, calculators and computers are not
permitted.

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Contents
1 Problem 1
2 Problem 2
3 Problem 3
4 Problem 4
5 Problem 5
6 Problem 6
7 Problem 7
8 Problem 8
9 Problem 9
10 Problem 10
11 Problem 11
12 Problem 12
13 Problem 13
14 Problem 14
15 Problem 15
16 See Also

Problem 1
Let , and all exceed and let be a positive number such that , and .
Find .

Solution

Problem 2
Let , where . Determine the minimum value taken by
for in the interval .

Solution

Problem 3
What is the product of the real roots of the equation ?

Solution

Problem 4

A machine-shop cutting tool has the shape of a notched circle, as shown. The radius of the circle is cm, the length of is
cm and that of is cm. The angle is a right angle. Find the square of the distance (in centimeters) from to the
center of the circle.

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Solution

Problem 5
Suppose that the sum of the squares of two complex numbers and is and the sum of the cubes is . What is the largest
real value that can have?

Solution

Problem 6
Let . Determine the remainder on dividing by .

Solution

Problem 7
Twenty ﬁve of King Arthur's knights are seated at their customary round table. Three of them are chosen - all choices being equally
likely - and are sent off to slay a troublesome dragon. Let be the probability that at least two of the three had been sitting next to
each other. If is written as a fraction in lowest terms, what is the sum of the numerator and denominator?

Solution

Problem 8

What is the largest -digit prime factor of the integer ?

Solution

Problem 9

Find the minimum value of for .

Solution

Problem 10
The numbers , and have something in common: each is a -digit number beginning with that has exactly
two identical digits. How many such numbers are there?

Solution

Problem 11
The solid shown has a square base of side length . The upper edge is parallel to the base and has length . All other edges have
length . Given that , what is the volume of the solid?

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Solution

Problem 12
Diameter of a circle has length a -digit integer (base ten). Reversing the digits gives the length of the perpendicular chord
. The distance from their intersection point to the center is a positive rational number. Determine the length of .

Solution

Problem 13
For and each of its nonempty subsets a unique alternating sum is deﬁned as follows. Arrange the numbers in
the subset in decreasing order and then, beginning with the largest, alternately add and subtract succesive numbers. For example,
the alternating sum for is and for it is simply . Find the sum of all such
alternating sums for .

Solution

Problem 14
In the adjoining ﬁgure, two circles with radii and are drawn with their centers units apart. At , one of the points of
intersection, a line is drawn in such a way that the chords and have equal length. Find the square of the length of .

Solution

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Problem 15
The adjoining ﬁgure shows two intersecting chords in a circle, with on minor arc . Suppose that the radius of the circle is ,
that , and that is bisected by . Suppose further that is the only chord starting at which is bisected by
. It follows that the sine of the central angle of minor arc is a rational number. If this number is expressed as a fraction

in lowest terms, what is the product ?

Solution

See Also
1983 AIME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
php?c=182&cid=45&year=1983))

Preceded by Followed by
First AIME 1984 AIME Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

1984 AIME Problems

1984 AIME (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=1984)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Find the value of if , , is an arithmetic progression with common difference
1, and .

Solution

Problem 2

The integer is the smallest positive multiple of such that every digit of is either or . Compute .

Solution

Problem 3
A point is chosen in the interior of such that when lines are drawn through parallel to the sides of , the
resulting smaller triangles , , and in the ﬁgure, have areas , , and , respectively. Find the area of .

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Solution

Problem 4
Let be a list of positive integers - not necessarily distinct - in which the number appears. The arithmetic mean of the
numbers in is . However, if is removed, the arithmetic mean of the numbers is . What's the largest number that can
appear in ?

Solution

Problem 5
Determine the value of if and .

Solution

Problem 6
Three circles, each of radius , are drawn with centers at , , and . A line passing through
is such that the total area of the parts of the three circles to one side of the line is equal to the total area of the parts of the three
circles to the other side of it. What is the absolute value of the slope of this line?

Solution

Problem 7

The function f is deﬁned on the set of integers and satisﬁes

Find .

Solution

Problem 8
The equation has complex roots with argument between and in the complex plane. Determine
the degree measure of .

Solution

Problem 9
In tetrahedron , edge has length 3 cm. The area of face is and the area of face is
. These two faces meet each other at a angle. Find the volume of the tetrahedron in .

Solution

Problem 10
Mary told John her score on the American High School Mathematics Examination (AHSME), which was over . From this, John
was able to determine the number of problems Mary solved correctly. If Mary's score had been any lower, but still over , John
could not have determined this. What was Mary's score? (Recall that the AHSME consists of multiple choice problems and that

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one's score, , is computed by the formula , where is the number of correct answers and is the number
of wrong answers. Students are not penalized for problems left unanswered.)

Solution

Problem 11
A gardener plants three maple trees, four oaks, and ﬁve birch trees in a row. He plants them in random order, each arrangement

being equally likely. Let in lowest terms be the probability that no two birch trees are next to one another. Find .

Solution

Problem 12
A function is deﬁned for all real numbers and satisﬁes and for all .
If is a root for , what is the least number of roots must have in the interval
?

Solution

Problem 13
Find the value of

Solution

Problem 14
What is the largest even integer that cannot be written as the sum of two odd composite numbers?

Solution

Problem 15
Determine if

Solution

See also
1984 AIME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
php?c=182&cid=45&year=1984))

Preceded by Followed by
1983 AIME Problems 1985 AIME Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

[Link] 3/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

1985 AIME Problems

1985 AIME (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=1985)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1

Let , and for let . Calculate the product .

Solution

Problem 2
When a right triangle is rotated about one leg, the volume of the cone produced is . When the triangle is rotated about
the other leg, the volume of the cone produced is . What is the length (in cm) of the hypotenuse of the triangle?

Solution

Problem 3
Find if , , and are positive integers which satisfy , where .

Solution

Problem 4

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A small square is constructed inside a square of area by dividing each side of the unit square into equal parts, and then
connecting the vertices to the division points closest to the opposite vertices, as shown in the ﬁgure. Find the value of if the the

area of the small square is exactly .

Solution

Problem 5
A sequence of integers is chosen so that for each . What is the sum of the first
terms of this sequence if the sum of the first terms is , and the sum of the first terms is ?

Solution

Problem 6
As shown in the ﬁgure, is divided into six smaller triangles by lines drawn from the vertices through a common interior
point. The areas of four of these triangles are as indicated. Find the area of .

Solution

Problem 7
Assume that , , and are positive integers such that , and . Determine .

Solution

Problem 8
The sum of the following seven numbers is exactly 19: , , , , ,
, . It is desired to replace each by an integer approximation , , so that the sum of the
's is also and so that , the maximum of the "errors" , is as small as possible. For this minimum , what is
?

Solution

Problem 9
In a circle, parallel chords of lengths , , and determine central angles of , and radians, respectively, where
. If , which is a positive rational number, is expressed as a fraction in lowest terms, what is the sum of its
numerator and denominator?

Solution
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Problem 10
How many of the ﬁrst positive integers can be expressed in the form

where is a real number, and denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to ?

Solution

Problem 11
An ellipse has foci at and in the -plane and is tangent to the -axis. What is the length of its major axis?

Solution

Problem 12
Let , , and be the vertices of a regular tetrahedron, each of whose edges measures meter. A bug, starting from vertex
, observes the following rule: at each vertex it chooses one of the three edges meeting at that vertex, each edge being equally
likely to be chosen, and crawls along that edge to the vertex at its opposite end. Let be the probability that the bug is at

vertex when it has crawled exactly meters. Find the value of .

Solution

Problem 13
The numbers in the sequence , , , , are of the form , where . For
each , let be the greatest common divisor of and . Find the maximum value of as ranges through the positive
integers.

Solution

Problem 14
In a tournament each player played exactly one game against each of the other players. In each game the winner was awarded 1

point, the loser got 0 points, and each of the two players earned point if the game was a tie. After the completion of the
tournament, it was found that exactly half of the points earned by each player were earned in games against the ten players with
the least number of points. (In particular, each of the ten lowest scoring players earned half of her/his points against the other nine
of the ten). What was the total number of players in the tournament?

Solution

Problem 15
Three cm cm squares are each cut into two pieces and , as shown in the first figure below, by joining the midpoints
of two adjacent sides. These six pieces are then attached to a regular hexagon, as shown in the second figure, so as to fold into a
polyhedron. What is the volume (in ) of this polyhedron?

Solution

See also
[Link] 3/4
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1985 AIME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

php?c=182&cid=45&year=1985))

Preceded by Followed by
1984 AIME Problems 1986 AIME Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

1985 AIME
American Invitational Mathematics Examination
AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

1986 AIME Problems

1986 AIME (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=1986)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1

What is the sum of the solutions to the equation ?

Solution

Problem 2
Evaluate the product .

Solution

Problem 3
If and , what is ?

Solution

Problem 4
Determine if , , , , and satisfy the system of equations below.

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Solution

Problem 5
What is that largest positive integer for which is divisible by ?

Solution

Problem 6
The pages of a book are numbered through . When the page numbers of the book were added, one of the page numbers was
mistakenly added twice, resulting in an incorrect sum of . What was the number of the page that was added twice?

Solution

Problem 7
The increasing sequence consists of all those positive integers which are powers of 3 or sums of
distinct powers of 3. Find the term of this sequence.

Solution

Problem 8
Let be the sum of the base logarithms of all the proper divisors of . What is the integer nearest to ?

Solution

Problem 9
In , , , and . An interior point is then drawn, and segments are drawn
through parallel to the sides of the triangle. If these three segments are of an equal length , ﬁnd .

Solution

Problem 10
In a parlor game, the magician asks one of the participants to think of a three digit number where , , and represent
digits in base in the order indicated. The magician then asks this person to form the numbers , , , ,
and , to add these ﬁve numbers, and to reveal their sum, . If told the value of , the magician can identify the original
number, . Play the role of the magician and determine the if .

Solution

Problem 11
The polynomial may be written in the form
, where and the 's are constants. Find the value of .

Solution

Problem 12
Let the sum of a set of numbers be the sum of its elements. Let be a set of positive integers, none greater than 15. Suppose no
two disjoint subsets of have the same sum. What is the largest sum a set with these properties can have?

Solution

Problem 13
In a sequence of coin tosses, one can keep a record of instances in which a tail is immediately followed by a head, a head is
immediately followed by a head, and etc. We denote these by TH, HH, and etc. For example, in the sequence TTTHHTHTTTHHTTH
of 15 coin tosses we observe that there are two HH, three HT, four TH, and ﬁve TT subsequences. How many different sequences
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of 15 coin tosses will contain exactly two HH, three HT, four TH, and ﬁve TT subsequences?

Solution

Problem 14
The shortest distances between an interior diagonal of a rectangular parallelepiped, , and the edges it does not meet are ,

, and . Determine the volume of .

Solution

Problem 15
Let triangle be a right triangle in the -plane with a right angle at . Given that the length of the hypotenuse is ,
and that the medians through and lie along the lines and respectively, ﬁnd the area of triangle
.

Solution

See also
1986 AIME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
php?c=182&cid=45&year=1986))

Preceded by Followed by
1985 AIME Problems 1987 AIME Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 3/3
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

1987 AIME Problems

1987 AIME (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=1987)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
An ordered pair of non-negative integers is called "simple" if the addition in base requires no carrying. Find
the number of simple ordered pairs of non-negative integers that sum to .

Solution

Problem 2
What is the largest possible distance between two points, one on the sphere of radius 19 with center and the
other on the sphere of radius 87 with center ?

Solution

Problem 3
By a proper divisor of a natural number we mean a positive integral divisor other than 1 and the number itself. A natural number
greater than 1 will be called "nice" if it is equal to the product of its distinct proper divisors. What is the sum of the ﬁrst ten nice
numbers?

Solution

Problem 4

Find the area of the region enclosed by the graph of

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Solution

Problem 5
Find if and are integers such that .

Solution

Problem 6
Rectangle is divided into four parts of equal area by ﬁve segments as shown in the ﬁgure, where
, and is parallel to . Find the length of
(in cm) if cm and cm.

Solution

Problem 7
Let denote the least common multiple of positive integers and . Find the number of ordered triples of positive
integers for which , , and .

Solution

Problem 8

What is the largest positive integer for which there is a unique integer such that ?

Solution

Problem 9
Triangle has right angle at , and contains a point for which , , and
. Find .

Solution

Problem 10
Al walks down to the bottom of an escalator that is moving up and he counts 150 steps. His friend, Bob, walks up to the top of the
escalator and counts 75 steps. If Al's speed of walking (in steps per unit time) is three times Bob's walking speed, how many steps
are visible on the escalator at a given time? (Assume that this value is constant.)

Solution

Problem 11
Find the largest possible value of for which is expressible as the sum of consecutive positive integers.

Solution

Problem 12
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Let be the smallest integer whose cube root is of the form , where is a positive integer and is a positive real number
less than . Find .

Solution

Problem 13
A given sequence of distinct real numbers can be put in ascending order by means of one or more "bubble
passes". A bubble pass through a given sequence consists of comparing the second term with the ﬁrst term, and exchanging them
if and only if the second term is smaller, then comparing the third term with the second term and exchanging them if and only if the
third term is smaller, and so on in order, through comparing the last term, , with its current predecessor and exchanging them if
and only if the last term is smaller.

The example below shows how the sequence 1, 9, 8, 7 is transformed into the sequence 1, 8, 7, 9 by one bubble pass. The numbers
compared at each step are underlined.

Suppose that , and that the terms of the initial sequence are distinct from one another and are in
random order. Let , in lowest terms, be the probability that the number that begins as will end up, after one bubble pass, in
the place. Find .

Solution

Problem 14
Compute

Solution

Problem 15
Squares and are inscribed in right triangle , as shown in the ﬁgures below. Find if area
and area .

Solution

See also
1987 AIME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
php?c=182&cid=45&year=1987))

Preceded by Followed by
1986 AIME Problems 1988 AIME Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

[Link] 3/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
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1988 AIME Problems

1988 AIME (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=1988)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
One commercially available ten-button lock may be opened by depressing -- in any order -- the correct ﬁve buttons. The sample
shown below has as its combination. Suppose that these locks are redesigned so that sets of as many as nine
buttons or as few as one button could serve as combinations. How many additional combinations would this allow?

Solution

Problem 2
For any positive integer , let denote the square of the sum of the digits of . For , let
. Find .

Solution

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Problem 3
Find if .

Solution

Problem 4
Suppose that for . Suppose further that

What is the smallest possible value of ?

Solution

Problem 5

Let , in lowest terms, be the probability that a randomly chosen positive divisor of is an integer multiple of . Find
.

Solution

Problem 6
It is possible to place positive integers into the vacant twenty-one squares of the 5 times 5 square shown below so that the
numbers in each row and column form arithmetic sequences. Find the number that must occupy the vacant square marked by the
asterisk (*).

Solution

Problem 7
In triangle , , and the altitude from divides into segments of length and . What is
the area of triangle ?

Solution

Problem 8
The function , deﬁned on the set of ordered pairs of positive integers, satisﬁes the following properties:

Calculate .

Solution

Problem 9

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Find the smallest positive integer whose cube ends in .

Solution

Problem 10
A convex polyhedron has for its faces 12 squares, 8 regular hexagons, and 6 regular octagons. At each vertex of the polyhedron
one square, one hexagon, and one octagon meet. How many segments joining vertices of the polyhedron lie in the interior of the
polyhedron rather than along an edge or a face?

Solution

Problem 11
Let be complex numbers. A line in the complex plane is called a mean line for the points
if contains points (complex numbers) such that

For the numbers , , , , and

, there is a unique mean line with y-intercept . Find the slope of this mean line.

Solution

Problem 12
Let be an interior point of triangle and extend lines from the vertices through to the opposite sides. Let , , , and
denote the lengths of the segments indicated in the ﬁgure. Find the product if and .

Solution

Problem 13
Find if and are integers such that is a factor of .

Solution

Problem 14
Let be the graph of , and denote by the reﬂection of in the line . Let the equation of be written in
the form

Find the product .

Solution

Problem 15
In an oﬃce at various times during the day, the boss gives the secretary a letter to type, each time putting the letter on top of the
pile in the secretary's in-box. When there is time, the secretary takes the top letter off the pile and types it. There are nine letters to
be typed during the day, and the boss delivers them in the order 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.

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While leaving for lunch, the secretary tells a colleague that letter 8 has already been typed, but says nothing else about the
morning's typing. The colleague wonders which of the nine letters remain to be typed after lunch and in what order they will be
typed. Based upon the above information, how many such after-lunch typing orders are possible? (That there are no letters left to
be typed is one of the possibilities.)

Solution

See also
1988 AIME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
php?c=182&cid=45&year=1988))

Preceded by Followed by
1987 AIME Problems 1989 AIME Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

1989 AIME Problems

1989 AIME (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=1989)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1

Compute .

Solution

Problem 2
Ten points are marked on a circle. How many distinct convex polygons of three or more sides can be drawn using some (or all) of
the ten points as vertices?

Solution

Problem 3
Suppose is a positive integer and is a single digit in base 10. Find if

Solution

Problem 4

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If are consecutive positive integers such that is a perfect square and

is a perfect cube, what is the smallest possible value of ?

Solution

Problem 5
When a certain biased coin is ﬂipped ﬁve times, the probability of getting heads exactly once is not equal to and is the same as

that of getting heads exactly twice. Let , in lowest terms, be the probability that the coin comes up heads in exactly out of

ﬂips. Find .

Solution

Problem 6
Two skaters, Allie and Billie, are at points and , respectively, on a ﬂat, frozen lake. The distance between and is
meters. Allie leaves and skates at a speed of meters per second on a straight line that makes a angle with . At the
same time Allie leaves , Billie leaves at a speed of meters per second and follows the straight path that produces the
earliest possible meeting of the two skaters, given their speeds. How many meters does Allie skate before meeting Billie?

Solution

Problem 7
If the integer is added to each of the numbers , , and , one obtains the squares of three consecutive terms of an
arithmetic series. Find .

Solution

Problem 8
Assume that are real numbers such that

Find the value of .

Solution

Problem 9
One of Euler's conjectures was disproved in the 1960s by three American mathematicians when they showed there was a positive
integer such that . Find the value of .

Solution

Problem 10
Let , , be the three sides of a triangle, and let , , , be the angles opposite them. If , ﬁnd

Solution

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Problem 11
A sample of 121 integers is given, each between 1 and 1000 inclusive, with repetitions allowed. The sample has a unique mode
(most frequent value). Let be the difference between the mode and the arithmetic mean of the sample. What is the largest
possible value of ? (For real , is the greatest integer less than or equal to .)

Solution

Problem 12
Let be a tetrahedron with , , , , , and , as
shown in the ﬁgure. Let be the distance between the midpoints of edges and . Find .

Solution

Problem 13
Let be a subset of such that no two members of differ by or . What is the largest number of
elements can have?

Solution

Problem 14
Given a positive integer , it can be shown that every complex number of the form , where and are integers, can be
uniquely expressed in the base using the integers as digits. That is, the equation

is true for a unique choice of non-negative integer and digits chosen from the set ,
with . We write

to denote the base expansion of . There are only ﬁnitely many integers that have four-digit expansions

Find the sum of all such .

Solution

Problem 15
Point is inside . Line segments , , and are drawn with on , on , and on
(see the ﬁgure at right). Given that , , , , and , ﬁnd the area of
.

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Solution

See also
1989 AIME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
php?c=182&cid=45&year=1989))

Preceded by Followed by
1988 AIME Problems 1990 AIME Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

1990 AIME Problems

1990 AIME (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=1990)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
The increasing sequence consists of all positive integers that are neither the square nor the cube of
a positive integer. Find the 500th term of this sequence.

Solution

Problem 2
Find the value of .

Solution

Problem 3

Let be a regular and be a regular such that each interior angle of is as large as

each interior angle of . What's the largest possible value of ?

Solution

Problem 4
Find the positive solution to

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Solution

Problem 5
Let be the smallest positive integer that is a multiple of and has exactly positive integral divisors, including and itself.

Find .

Solution

Problem 6
A biologist wants to calculate the number of fish in a lake. On May 1 she catches a random sample of 60 fish, tags them, and
releases them. On September 1 she catches a random sample of 70 fish and finds that 3 of them are tagged. To calculate the
number of fish in the lake on May 1, she assumes that 25% of these fish are no longer in the lake on September 1 (because of
death and emigrations), that 40% of the fish were not in the lake May 1 (because of births and immigrations), and that the number
of untagged fish and tagged fish in the September 1 sample are representative of the total population. What does the biologist
calculate for the number of fish in the lake on May 1?

Solution

Problem 7
A triangle has vertices , , and . The equation of the bisector of can
be written in the form . Find .

Solution

Problem 8
In a shooting match, eight clay targets are arranged in two hanging columns of three targets each and one column of two targets.
A marksman is to break all the targets according to the following rules:

1) The marksman ﬁrst chooses a column from which a target is to be broken.

2) The marksman must then break the lowest remaining target in the chosen column.

If the rules are followed, in how many different orders can the eight targets be broken?

Solution

Problem 9
A fair coin is to be tossed times. Let , in lowest terms, be the probability that heads never occur on consecutive tosses.
Find .

Solution

Problem 10
The sets and are both sets of complex roots of unity. The set
is also a set of complex roots of unity. How many distinct elements are in ?

Solution

Problem 11
Someone observed that . Find the largest positive integer for which can be expressed as the product of
consecutive positive integers.

Solution

Problem 12
A regular 12-gon is inscribed in a circle of radius 12. The sum of the lengths of all sides and diagonals of the 12-gon can be written
in the form

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where , , , and are positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 13
Let . Given that has 3817 digits and that its ﬁrst (leftmost) digit is
9, how many elements of have 9 as their leftmost digit?

Solution

Problem 14
The rectangle below has dimensions and . Diagonals and intersect at
. If triangle is cut out and removed, edges and are joined, and the ﬁgure is then creased along segments
and , we obtain a triangular pyramid, all four of whose faces are isosceles triangles. Find the volume of this pyramid.

Solution

Problem 15
Find if the real numbers , , , and satisfy the equations

Solution

See also
1990 AIME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
php?c=182&cid=45&year=1990))

Preceded by Followed by
1989 AIME Problems 1991 AIME Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

[Link] 3/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

1991 AIME Problems

1991 AIME (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=1991)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Find if and are positive integers such that

Solution

Problem 2
Rectangle has sides of length 4 and of length 3. Divide into 168 congruent segments with points
, and divide into 168 congruent segments with points
. For , draw the segments . Repeat this construction on the sides
and , and then draw the diagonal . Find the sum of the lengths of the 335 parallel segments drawn.

Solution

Problem 3
Expanding by the binomial theorem and doing no further manipulation gives

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where for . For which is the largest?

Solution

Problem 4

How many real numbers satisfy the equation ?

Solution

Problem 5
Given a rational number, write it as a fraction in lowest terms and calculate the product of the resulting numerator and
denominator. For how many rational numbers between 0 and 1 will be the resulting product?

Solution

Problem 6
Suppose is a real number for which

Find . (For real , is the greatest integer less than or equal to .)

Solution

Problem 7
Find , where is the sum of the absolute values of all roots of the following equation:

Solution

Problem 8
For how many real numbers does the quadratic equation have only integer roots for ?

Solution

Problem 9

Suppose that and that where is in lowest terms. Find

Solution

Problem 10
Two three-letter strings, and , are transmitted electronically. Each string is sent letter by letter. Due to faulty equipment,
each of the six letters has a 1/3 chance of being received incorrectly, as an when it should have been a , or as a when it
should be an . However, whether a given letter is received correctly or incorrectly is independent of the reception of any other
letter. Let be the three-letter string received when is transmitted and let be the three-letter string received when is
transmitted. Let be the probability that comes before in alphabetical order. When is written as a fraction in lowest
terms, what is its numerator?

Solution
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Problem 11
Twelve congruent disks are placed on a circle of radius 1 in such a way that the twelve disks cover , no two of the disks
overlap, and so that each of the twelve disks is tangent to its two neighbors. The resulting arrangement of disks is shown in the
ﬁgure below. The sum of the areas of the twelve disks can be written in the form , where are positive
integers and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 12
Rhombus is inscribed in rectangle so that vertices , , , and are interior points on sides , ,
, and , respectively. It is given that , , , and . Let , in lowest
terms, denote the perimeter of . Find .

Solution

Problem 13
A drawer contains a mixture of red socks and blue socks, at most 1991 in all. It so happens that, when two socks are selected

randomly without replacement, there is a probability of exactly that both are red or both are blue. What is the largest possible
number of red socks in the drawer that is consistent with this data?

Solution

Problem 14
A hexagon is inscribed in a circle. Five of the sides have length 81 and the sixth, denoted by , has length 31. Find the sum of
the lengths of the three diagonals that can be drawn from .

Solution

Problem 15
For positive integer , deﬁne to be the minimum value of the sum

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where are positive real numbers whose sum is 17. There is a unique positive integer for which is also an
integer. Find this .

Solution

See also
1991 AIME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
php?c=182&cid=45&year=1991))

Preceded by Followed by
1990 AIME Problems 1992 AIME Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

1992 AIME Problems

1992 AIME (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=1992)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Find the sum of all positive rational numbers that are less than 10 and that have denominator 30 when written in lowest terms.

Solution

Problem 2
A positive integer is called ascending if, in its decimal representation, there are at least two digits and each digit is less than any
digit to its right. How many ascending positive integers are there?

Solution

Problem 3
A tennis player computes her win ratio by dividing the number of matches she has won by the total number of matches she has
played. At the start of a weekend, her win ratio is exactly . During the weekend, she plays four matches, winning three and
losing one. At the end of the weekend, her win ratio is greater than . What's the largest number of matches she could've won
before the weekend began?

Solution

Problem 4
In Pascal's Triangle, each entry is the sum of the two entries above it. In which row of Pascal's Triangle do three consecutive
entries occur that are in the ratio ?

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Solution

Problem 5
Let be the set of all rational numbers , , that have a repeating decimal expansion in the form
, where the digits , , and are not necessarily distinct. To write the elements of as fractions
in lowest terms, how many different numerators are required?

Solution

Problem 6
For how many pairs of consecutive integers in is no carrying required when the two
integers are added?

Solution

Problem 7
Faces and of tetrahedron meet at an angle of . The area of face is , the area of face
is , and . Find the volume of the tetrahedron.

Solution

Problem 8
For any sequence of real numbers , deﬁne to be the sequence
, whose term is . Suppose that all of the terms of the sequence
are , and that . Find .

Solution

Problem 9
Trapezoid has sides , , , and , with parallel to . A circle

with center on is drawn tangent to and . Given that , where and are relatively prime positive
integers, ﬁnd .

Solution

Problem 10

Consider the region in the complex plane that consists of all points such that both and have real and imaginary parts

between and , inclusive. What is the integer that is nearest the area of ?

Solution

Problem 11

Lines and both pass through the origin and make ﬁrst-quadrant angles of and radians, respectively, with the positive

x-axis. For any line , the transformation produces another line as follows: is reﬂected in , and the resulting line is

reﬂected in . Let and . Given that is the line , ﬁnd the

smallest positive integer for which .

Solution

Problem 12
In a game of Chomp, two players alternately take bites from a 5-by-7 grid of unit squares. To take a bite, a player chooses one of
the remaining squares, then removes ("eats") all squares in the quadrant deﬁned by the left edge (extended upward) and the lower
edge (extended rightward) of the chosen square. For example, the bite determined by the shaded square in the diagram would

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remove the shaded square and the four squares marked by (The squares with two or more dotted edges have been removed
from the original board in previous moves.)

The object of the game is to make one's opponent take the last bite. The diagram shows one of the many subsets of the set of 35
unit squares that can occur during the game of Chomp. How many different subsets are there in all? Include the full board and
empty board in your count.

Solution

Problem 13
Triangle has and . What's the largest area that this triangle can have?

Solution

Problem 14
In triangle , , , and are on the sides , , and , respectively. Given that , , and are

concurrent at the point , and that , ﬁnd .

Solution

Problem 15
Deﬁne a positive integer to be a factorial tail if there is some positive integer such that the decimal representation of
ends with exactly zeroes. How many positive integers less than are not factorial tails?

Solution

See also
1992 AIME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
php?c=182&cid=45&year=1992))

Preceded by Followed by
1991 AIME Problems 1993 AIME Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 3/3
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

1993 AIME Problems

1993 AIME (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=1993)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
How many even integers between 4000 and 7000 have four different digits?

Solution

Problem 2
During a recent campaign for office, a candidate made a tour of a country which we assume lies in a plane. On the first day of the
tour he went east, on the second day he went north, on the third day west, on the fourth day south, on the fifth day east, etc. If the

candidate went miles on the day of this tour, how many miles was he from his starting point at the end of the day?

Solution

Problem 3
The table below displays some of the results of last summer's Frostbite Falls Fishing Festival, showing how many contestants
caught ﬁsh for various values of .

In the newspaper story covering the event, it was reported that

(a) the winner caught ﬁsh;

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(b) those who caught or more ﬁsh averaged ﬁsh each;

What was the total number of ﬁsh caught during the festival?

Solution

Problem 4
How many ordered four-tuples of integers with satisfy and
?

Solution

Problem 5
Let . For integers , deﬁne . What is the
coeﬃcient of in ?

Solution

Problem 6
What is the smallest positive integer than can be expressed as the sum of nine consecutive integers, the sum of ten consecutive
integers, and the sum of eleven consecutive integers?

Solution

Problem 7
Three numbers, , , , are drawn randomly and without replacement from the set . Three other
numbers, , , , are then drawn randomly and without replacement from the remaining set of 997 numbers. Let be the
probability that, after a suitable rotation, a brick of dimensions can be enclosed in a box of dimensions
, with the sides of the brick parallel to the sides of the box. If is written as a fraction in lowest terms, what is the
sum of the numerator and denominator?

Solution

Problem 8
Let be a set with six elements. In how many different ways can one select two not necessarily distinct subsets of so that the
union of the two subsets is ? The order of selection does not matter; for example, the pair of subsets ,
represents the same selection as the pair , .

Solution

Problem 9
Two thousand points are given on a circle. Label one of the points 1. From this point, count 2 points in the clockwise direction and
label this point 2. From the point labeled 2, count 3 points in the clockwise direction and label this point 3. (See ﬁgure.) Continue
this process until the labels are all used. Some of the points on the circle will have more than one label and
some points will not have a label. What is the smallest integer that labels the same point as 1993?

Solution

Problem 10
Euler's formula states that for a convex polyhedron with vertices, edges, and faces, . A particular
convex polyhedron has 32 faces, each of which is either a triangle or a pentagon. At each of its vertices, triangular faces and
pentagonal faces meet. What is the value of ?

Solution

Problem 11

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Alfred and Bonnie play a game in which they take turns tossing a fair coin. The winner of a game is the first person to obtain a
head. Alfred and Bonnie play this game several times with the stipulation that the loser of a game goes first in the next game.
Suppose that Alfred goes first in the first game, and that the probability that he wins the sixth game is , where and are
relatively prime positive integers. What are the last three digits of ?

Solution

Problem 12
The vertices of are , , and . The six faces of a die are labeled with two
's, two 's, and two 's. Point is chosen in the interior of , and points , , are
generated by rolling the die repeatedly and applying the rule: If the die shows label , where , and is the
most recently obtained point, then is the midpoint of . Given that , what is ?

Solution

Problem 13
Jenny and Kenny are walking in the same direction, Kenny at 3 feet per second and Jenny at 1 foot per second, on parallel paths
that are 200 feet apart. A tall circular building 100 feet in diameter is centered midway between the paths. At the instant when the
building ﬁrst blocks the line of sight between Jenny and Kenny, they are 200 feet apart. Let be the amount of time, in seconds,
before Jenny and Kenny can see each other again. If is written as a fraction in lowest terms, what is the sum of the numerator
and denominator?

Solution

Problem 14
A rectangle that is inscribed in a larger rectangle (with one vertex on each side) is called unstuck if it is possible to rotate (however
slightly) the smaller rectangle about its center within the conﬁnes of the larger. Of all the rectangles that can be inscribed unstuck
in a 6 by 8 rectangle, the smallest perimeter has the form , for a positive integer . Find .

Solution

Problem 15
Let be an altitude of . Let and be the points where the circles inscribed in the triangles and
are tangent to . If , , and , then can be expressed as , where
and are relatively prime integers. Find .

Solution

See also
1993 AIME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
php?c=182&cid=45&year=1993))

Preceded by Followed by
1992 AIME Problems 1994 AIME Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

[Link] 3/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

1994 AIME Problems

1994 AIME (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=1994)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
The increasing sequence consists of those positive multiples of 3 that are one less than a perfect square.
What is the remainder when the 1994th term of the sequence is divided by 1000?

Solution

Problem 2
A circle with diameter of length 10 is internally tangent at to a circle of radius 20. Square is constructed with
and on the larger circle, tangent at to the smaller circle, and the smaller circle outside . The length of
can be written in the form , where and are integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 3
The function has the property that, for each real number

If what is the remainder when is divided by 1000?

Solution

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Problem 4
Find the positive integer for which

(For real , is the greatest integer )

Solution

Problem 5
Given a positive integer , let be the product of the non-zero digits of . (If has only one digit, then is equal to that
digit.) Let

What is the largest prime factor of ?

Solution

Problem 6
The graphs of the equations

are drawn in the coordinate plane for These 63 lines cut part of the plane into equilateral
triangles of side . How many such triangles are formed?

Solution

Problem 7
For certain ordered pairs of real numbers, the system of equations

has at least one solution, and each solution is an ordered pair of integers. How many such ordered pairs are there?

Solution

Problem 8
The points , , and are the vertices of an equilateral triangle. Find the value of .

Solution

Problem 9
A solitaire game is played as follows. Six distinct pairs of matched tiles are placed in a bag. The player randomly draws tiles one at
a time from the bag and retains them, except that matching tiles are put aside as soon as they appear in the player's hand. The
game ends if the player ever holds three tiles, no two of which match; otherwise the drawing continues until the bag is empty. The
probability that the bag will be emptied is where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 10
In triangle angle is a right angle and the altitude from meets at The lengths of the sides of are
integers, and , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution
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Problem 11
Ninety-four bricks, each measuring are to be stacked one on top of another to form a tower 94 bricks tall.
Each brick can be oriented so it contributes or or to the total height of the tower. How many different tower heights
can be achieved using all 94 of the bricks?

Solution

Problem 12
A fenced, rectangular field measures 24 meters by 52 meters. An agricultural researcher has 1994 meters of fence that can be
used for internal fencing to partition the field into congruent, square test plots. The entire field must be partitioned, and the sides of
the squares must be parallel to the edges of the field. What is the largest number of square test plots into which the field can be
partitioned using all or some of the 1994 meters of fence?

Solution

Problem 13
The equation

has 10 complex roots where the bar denotes complex conjugation. Find the value of

Solution

Problem 14
A beam of light strikes at point with angle of incidence and reflects with an equal angle of reflection as
shown. The light beam continues its path, reflecting off line segments and according to the rule: angle of incidence
equals angle of reflection. Given that and determine the number of times the light
beam will bounce off the two line segments. Include the first reflection at in your count.

Solution

Problem 15
Given a point on a triangular piece of paper consider the creases that are formed in the paper when and are
folded onto Let us call a fold point of if these creases, which number three unless is one of the vertices, do
not intersect. Suppose that and Then the area of the set of all fold points of
can be written in the form where and are positive integers and is not divisible by the square of
any prime. What is ?

Solution

See also

[Link] 3/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

1994 AIME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

php?c=182&cid=45&year=1994))

Preceded by Followed by
1993 AIME Problems 1995 AIME Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

1995 AIME Problems

1995 AIME (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=1995)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Square is For the lengths of the sides of square are half the lengths of the sides of square two
adjacent sides of square are perpendicular bisectors of two adjacent sides of square and the other two sides of square
are the perpendicular bisectors of two adjacent sides of square The total area enclosed by at least one of
can be written in the form where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 2
Find the last three digits of the product of the positive roots of

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Solution

Problem 3
Starting at an object moves in the coordinate plane via a sequence of steps, each of length one. Each step is left, right, up,
or down, all four equally likely. Let be the probability that the object reaches in six or fewer steps. Given that can be
written in the form where and are relatively prime positive integers, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 4
Circles of radius and are externally tangent to each other and are internally tangent to a circle of radius . The circle of radius
has a chord that is a common external tangent of the other two circles. Find the square of the length of this chord.

Solution

Problem 5
For certain real values of and the equation has four non-real roots. The
product of two of these roots is and the sum of the other two roots is where Find

Solution

Problem 6
Let How many positive integer divisors of are less than but do not divide ?

Solution

Problem 7
Given that and

where and are positive integers with and relatively prime, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 8

For how many ordered pairs of positive integers with are both and integers?

Solution

Problem 9
Triangle is isosceles, with and altitude Suppose that there is a point on with
and Then the perimeter of may be written in the form where
and are integers. Find

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Solution

Problem 10
What is the largest positive integer that is not the sum of a positive integral multiple of 42 and a positive composite integer?

Solution

Problem 11
A right rectangular prism (i.e., a rectangular parallelepiped) has sides of integral length with A plane
parallel to one of the faces of cuts into two prisms, one of which is similar to and both of which have nonzero volume.
Given that for how many ordered triples does such a plane exist?

Solution

Problem 12
Pyramid has square base congruent edges and and Let
be the measure of the dihedral angle formed by faces and Given that where and
are integers, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 13

Let be the integer closest to Find

Solution

Problem 14
In a circle of radius 42, two chords of length 78 intersect at a point whose distance from the center is 18. The two chords divide the
interior of the circle into four regions. Two of these regions are bordered by segments of unequal lengths, and the area of either of
them can be expressed uniquely in the form where and are positive integers and is not divisible by the
square of any prime number. Find

Solution

Problem 15
Let be the probability that, in the process of repeatedly ﬂipping a fair coin, one will encounter a run of 5 heads before one
encounters a run of 2 tails. Given that can be written in the form where and are relatively prime positive integers,
ﬁnd .

Solution

See also

[Link] 3/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

1995 AIME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

php?c=182&cid=45&year=1995))

Preceded by Followed by
1994 AIME Problems 1996 AIME Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

1996 AIME Problems

1996 AIME (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=1996)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
In a magic square, the sum of the three entries in any row, column, or diagonal is the same value. The ﬁgure shows four of the
entries of a magic square. Find .

Solution

Problem 2
For each real number , let denote the greatest integer that does not exceed . For how many positive integers is it true
that and that is a positive even integer?

Solution

Problem 3
Find the smallest positive integer for which the expansion of , after like terms have been
collected, has at least 1996 terms.

[Link] 1/3
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Solution

Problem 4
A wooden cube, whose edges are one centimeter long, rests on a horizontal surface. Illuminated by a point source of light that is
centimeters directly above an upper vertex, the cube casts a shadow on the horizontal surface. The area of a shadow, which does
not include the area beneath the cube is 48 square centimeters. Find the greatest integer that does not exceed .

Solution

Problem 5
Suppose that the roots of are , , and , and that the roots of
are , , and . Find .

Solution

Problem 6
In a ﬁve-team tournament, each team plays one game with every other team. Each team has a chance of winning any game
it plays. (There are no ties.) Let be the probability that the tournament will produce neither an undefeated team nor a winless
team, where and are relatively prime integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 7
Two squares of a checkerboard are painted yellow, and the rest are painted green. Two color schemes are equivalent if one
can be obtained from the other by applying a rotation in the plane board. How many inequivalent color schemes are possible?

Solution

Problem 8
The harmonic mean of two positive integers is the reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of their reciprocals. For how many ordered
pairs of positive integers with is the harmonic mean of and equal to ?

Solution

Problem 9
A bored student walks down a hall that contains a row of closed lockers, numbered 1 to 1024. He opens the locker numbered 1,
and then alternates between skipping and opening each locker thereafter. When he reaches the end of the hall, the student turns
around and starts back. He opens the ﬁrst closed locker he encounters, and then alternates between skipping and opening each
closed locker thereafter. The student continues wandering back and forth in this manner until every locker is open. What is the
number of the last locker he opens?

Solution

Problem 10

Find the smallest positive integer solution to .

Solution

Problem 11
Let be the product of the roots of that have a positive imaginary part, and suppose that
, where and . Find .

Solution

Problem 12
For each permutation of the integers , form the sum

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The average value of all such sums can be written in the form , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 13

In triangle , , , and . There is a point for which bisects , and

is a right angle. The ratio

can be written in the form , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 14
A rectangular solid is made by gluing together cubes. An internal diagonal of this solid
passes through the interiors of how many of the cubes?

Solution

Problem 15
In parallelogram let be the intersection of diagonals and . Angles and are each twice as
large as angle and angle is times as large as angle . Find the greatest integer that does not exceed
.

Solution

See also
1996 AIME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
php?c=182&cid=45&year=1996))

Preceded by Followed by
1995 AIME Problems 1997 AIME Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 3/3
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

1997 AIME Problems

1997 AIME (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=1997)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
How many of the integers between 1 and 1000, inclusive, can be expressed as the difference of the squares of two nonnegative
integers?

Solution

Problem 2
The nine horizontal and nine vertical lines on an checkerboard form rectangles, of which are squares. The number
can be written in the form where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 3
Sarah intended to multiply a two-digit number and a three-digit number, but she left out the multiplication sign and simply placed
the two-digit number to the left of the three-digit number, thereby forming a ﬁve-digit number. This number is exactly nine times the
product Sarah should have obtained. What is the sum of the two-digit number and the three-digit number?

Solution

Problem 4
Circles of radii 5, 5, 8, and are mutually externally tangent, where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

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Solution

Problem 5
The number can be expressed as a four-place decimal where and represent digits, any of which could be
zero. It is desired to approximate by a fraction whose numerator is 1 or 2 and whose denominator is an integer. The closest such

fraction to is What is the number of possible values for ?

Solution

Problem 6
Point is in the exterior of the regular -sided polygon , and is an equilateral triangle. What is the
largest value of for which , , and are consecutive vertices of a regular polygon?

Solution

Problem 7

A car travels due east at miles per minute on a long, straight road. At the same time, a circular storm, whose radius is miles,

moves southeast at mile per minute. At time , the center of the storm is miles due north of the car. At time

minutes, the car enters the storm circle, and at time minutes, the car leaves the storm circle. Find .

Solution

Problem 8
How many different arrays whose entries are all 1's and -1's have the property that the sum of the entries in each row is 0
and the sum of the entries in each column is 0?

Solution

Problem 9
Given a nonnegative real number , let denote the fractional part of ; that is, , where denotes the
greatest integer less than or equal to . Suppose that is positive, , and . Find the value of
.

Solution

Problem 10
Every card in a deck has a picture of one shape - circle, square, or triangle, which is painted in one of the three colors - red, blue, or
green. Furthermore, each color is applied in one of three shades - light, medium, or dark. The deck has 27 cards, with every shape-
color-shade combination represented. A set of three cards from the deck is called complementary if all of the following statements
are true:

i. Either each of the three cards has a different shape or all three of the card have the same shape.

ii. Either each of the three cards has a different color or all three of the cards have the same color.

iii. Either each of the three cards has a different shade or all three of the cards have the same shade.

How many different complementary three-card sets are there?

Solution

Problem 11

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Let . What is the greatest integer that does not exceed ?

Solution

Problem 12

The function deﬁned by , where , , and are nonzero real numbers, has the properties ,

and for all values except . Find the unique number that is not in the range of .

Solution

Problem 13
Let be the set of points in the Cartesian plane that satisfy

If a model of were built from wire of negligible thickness, then the total length of wire required would be , where and
are positive integers and is not divisible by the square of any prime number. Find .

Solution

Problem 14
Let and be distinct, randomly chosen roots of the equation . Let be the probability that

, where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 15
The sides of rectangle have lengths and . An equilateral triangle is drawn so that no point of the triangle lies
outside . The maximum possible area of such a triangle can be written in the form , where , , and are
positive integers, and is not divisible by the square of any prime number. Find .

Solution

See also
1997 AIME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
php?c=182&cid=45&year=1997))

Preceded by Followed by
1996 AIME Problems 1998 AIME Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

[Link] 3/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

1998 AIME Problems

1998 AIME (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=1998)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
For how many values of is the least common multiple of the positive integers and , and ?

Solution

Problem 2
Find the number of ordered pairs of positive integers that satisfy and .

Solution

Problem 3
The graph of partitions the plane into several regions. What is the area of the bounded region?

Solution

Problem 4
Nine tiles are numbered respectively. Each of three players randomly selects and keeps three of the tiles, and
sums those three values. The probability that all three players obtain an odd sum is where and are relatively prime
positive integers. Find

Solution

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Problem 5

Given that ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 6
Let be a parallelogram. Extend through to a point and let meet at and at Given that
and ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 7

Let be the number of ordered quadruples of positive odd integers that satisfy Find

Solution

Problem 8
Except for the ﬁrst two terms, each term of the sequence is obtained by subtracting the preceding
term from the one before that. The last term of the sequence is the ﬁrst negative term encountered. What positive integer
produces a sequence of maximum length?

Solution

Problem 9
Two mathematicians take a morning coffee break each day. They arrive at the cafeteria independently, at random times between 9
a.m. and 10 a.m., and stay for exactly minutes. The probability that either one arrives while the other is in the cafeteria is
and where and are positive integers, and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find

Solution

Problem 10
Eight spheres of radius 100 are placed on a ﬂat surface so that each sphere is tangent to two others and their centers are the
vertices of a regular octagon. A ninth sphere is placed on the ﬂat surface so that it is tangent to each of the other eight spheres.
The radius of this last sphere is where and are positive integers, and is not divisible by the square of any
prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 11
Three of the edges of a cube are and and is an interior diagonal. Points and are on
and respectively, so that and What is the area of the
polygon that is the intersection of plane and the cube?

Solution

Problem 12
Let be equilateral, and and be the midpoints of and respectively. There exist points
and on and respectively, with the property that is on is on and is on The ratio
of the area of triangle to the area of triangle is where and are integers, and is not divisible
by the square of any prime. What is ?

Solution

Problem 13
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If is a set of real numbers, indexed so that its complex power sum

is deﬁned to be where Let be the sum of the complex power sums of
all nonempty subsets of Given that and where and are integers,
ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 14
An rectangular box has half the volume of an rectangular box, where
and are integers, and What is the largest possible value of ?

Solution

Problem 15
Define a domino to be an ordered pair of distinct positive integers. A proper sequence of dominos is a list of distinct dominos in
which the first coordinate of each pair after the first equals the second coordinate of the immediately preceding pair, and in which
and do not both appear for any and . Let be the set of all dominos whose coordinates are no larger than 40.
Find the length of the longest proper sequence of dominos that can be formed using the dominos of

Solution

See also
American Invitational Mathematics Examination
AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

1998 AIME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

php?c=182&cid=45&year=1998))

Preceded by Followed by
1997 AIME Problems 1999 AIME Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 3/3
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

1999 AIME Problems

1999 AIME (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=1999)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Find the smallest prime that is the ﬁfth term of an increasing arithmetic sequence, all four preceding terms also being prime.

Solution

Problem 2
Consider the parallelogram with vertices and A line through the origin cuts this
ﬁgure into two congruent polygons. The slope of the line is where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 3
Find the sum of all positive integers for which is a perfect square.

Solution

Problem 4
The two squares shown share the same center and have sides of length 1. The length of is and the area of
octagon is where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

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Solution

Problem 5
For any positive integer , let be the sum of the digits of , and let be For example,
How many values of do not exceed 1999?

Solution

Problem 6
A transformation of the ﬁrst quadrant of the coordinate plane maps each point to the point The vertices of
quadrilateral are and
Let be the area of the region enclosed by the image of quadrilateral Find the greatest integer that does not exceed

Solution

Problem 7
There is a set of 1000 switches, each of which has four positions, called , and . When the position of any switch
changes, it is only from to , from to , from to , or from to . Initially each switch is in position . The switches
are labeled with the 1000 different integers , where , and take on the values . At step of a
1000-step process, the -th switch is advanced one step, and so are all the other switches whose labels divide the label on the -th
switch. After step 1000 has been completed, how many switches will be in position ?

Solution

Problem 8
Let be the set of ordered triples of nonnegative real numbers that lie in the plane Let us say
that supports when exactly two of the following are true: Let consist of those

triples in that support The area of divided by the area of is where and are relatively prime

positive integers, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 9
A function is deﬁned on the complex numbers by where and are positive numbers. This function
has the property that the image of each point in the complex plane is equidistant from that point and the origin. Given that
and that where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 10
Ten points in the plane are given, with no three collinear. Four distinct segments joining pairs of these points are chosen at random,
all such segments being equally likely. The probability that some three of the segments form a triangle whose vertices are among
the ten given points is where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution
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Problem 11

Given that where angles are measured in degrees, and and are relatively prime positive integers

that satisfy ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 12
The inscribed circle of triangle is tangent to at and its radius is 21. Given that and
ﬁnd the perimeter of the triangle.

Solution

Problem 13
Forty teams play a tournament in which every team plays every other( different opponents) team exactly once. No ties occur,
and each team has a chance of winning any game it plays. The probability that no two teams win the same number of
games is where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 14
Point is located inside triangle so that angles and are all congruent. The sides of the
triangle have lengths and and the tangent of angle is where and
are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 15
Consider the paper triangle whose vertices are and The vertices of its midpoint triangle are the
midpoints of its sides. A triangular pyramid is formed by folding the triangle along the sides of its midpoint triangle. What is the
volume of this pyramid?

Solution

See also
1999 AIME (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
php?c=182&cid=45&year=1999))

Preceded by Followed by
1998 AIME Problems 2000 AIME I Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

[Link] 3/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving
Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2000 AIME I Problems

2000 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2000)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Find the least positive integer such that no matter how is expressed as the product of any two positive integers, at least
one of these two integers contains the digit .

Solution

Problem 2
Let and be integers satisfying . Let , let be the reflection of across the line , let
be the reflection of across the y-axis, let be the reflection of across the x-axis, and let be the reflection of across
the y-axis. The area of pentagon is . Find .

Solution

Problem 3
In the expansion of where and are relatively prime positive integers, the coeﬃcients of and are equal.
Find .

Solution

Problem 4
The diagram shows a rectangle that has been dissected into nine non-overlapping squares. Given that the width and the height of
the rectangle are relatively prime positive integers, ﬁnd the perimeter of the rectangle.

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Solution

Problem 5
Each of two boxes contains both black and white marbles, and the total number of marbles in the two boxes is One marble is

taken out of each box randomly. The probability that both marbles are black is and the probability that both marbles are white

is where and are relatively prime positive integers. What is ?

Solution

Problem 6
For how many ordered pairs of integers is it true that and that the arithmetic mean of and is
exactly more than the geometric mean of and ?

Solution

Problem 7

Suppose that and are three positive numbers that satisfy the equations and

Then where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 8
A container in the shape of a right circular cone is 12 inches tall and its base has a 5-inch radius. The liquid that is sealed inside is
9 inches deep when the cone is held with its point down and its base horizontal. When the liquid is held with its point up and its
base horizontal, the height of the liquid is where and are positive integers and is not divisible by the
cube of any prime number. Find .

Solution

Problem 9
The system of equations

has two solutions and . Find .

Solution

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Problem 10
A sequence of numbers has the property that, for every integer between and inclusive, the

number is less than the sum of the other numbers. Given that , where and are relatively prime positive
integers, ﬁnd .

Solution

Problem 11

Let be the sum of all numbers of the form , where and are relatively prime positive divisors of What is the greatest

integer that does not exceed ?

Solution

Problem 12
Given a function for which

holds for all real what is the largest number of different values that can appear in the list
?

Solution

Problem 13
In the middle of a vast prairie, a ﬁretruck is stationed at the intersection of two perpendicular straight highways. The truck travels at
miles per hour along the highways and at miles per hour across the prairie. Consider the set of points that can be reached

by the ﬁretruck within six minutes. The area of this region is square miles, where and are relatively prime positive
integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 14
In triangle it is given that angles and are congruent. Points and lie on and respectively, so that
Angle is times as large as angle where is a positive real number. Find the
greatest integer that does not exceed .

Solution

Problem 15
A stack of cards is labelled with the integers from to with different integers on different cards. The cards in the
stack are not in numerical order. The top card is removed from the stack and placed on the table, and the next card is moved to the
bottom of the stack. The new top card is removed from the stack and placed on the table, to the right of the card already there, and
the next card in the stack is moved to the bottom of the stack. The process - placing the top card to the right of the cards already
on the table and moving the next card in the stack to the bottom of the stack - is repeated until all cards are on the table. It is found
that, reading from left to right, the labels on the cards are now in ascending order: In the original
stack of cards, how many cards were above the card labeled ?

Solution

See also

[Link] 3/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2000 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2000))

Preceded by Followed by
1999 AIME Problems 2000 AIME II Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2000 AIME II Problems

2000 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2000)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
The number

can be written as where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 2
A point whose coordinates are both integers is called a lattice point. How many lattice points lie on the hyperbola
?

Solution

Problem 3
A deck of forty cards consists of four 1's, four 2's,..., and four 10's. A matching pair (two cards with the same number) is removed
from the deck. Given that these cards are not returned to the deck, let be the probability that two randomly selected cards
also form a pair, where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

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Problem 4
What is the smallest positive integer with six positive odd integer divisors and twelve positive even integer divisors?

Solution

Problem 5
Given eight distinguishable rings, let be the number of possible five-ring arrangements on the four fingers (not the thumb) of one
hand. The order of rings on each finger is significant, but it is not required that each finger have a ring. Find the leftmost three
nonzero digits of .

Solution

Problem 6
One base of a trapezoid is units longer than the other base. The segment that joins the midpoints of the legs divides the
trapezoid into two regions whose areas are in the ratio . Let be the length of the segment joining the legs of the trapezoid
that is parallel to the bases and that divides the trapezoid into two regions of equal area. Find the greatest integer that does not
exceed .

Solution

Problem 7
Given that

ﬁnd the greatest integer that is less than .

Solution

Problem 8
In trapezoid , leg is perpendicular to bases and , and diagonals and are perpendicular.
Given that and , ﬁnd .

Solution

Problem 9

Given that is a complex number such that , ﬁnd the least integer that is greater than .

Solution

Problem 10
A circle is inscribed in quadrilateral , tangent to at and to at . Given that , ,
, and , ﬁnd the square of the radius of the circle.

Solution

Problem 11
The coordinates of the vertices of isosceles trapezoid are all integers, with and .
The trapezoid has no horizontal or vertical sides, and and are the only parallel sides. The sum of the absolute values of
all possible slopes for is , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 12

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The points , and lie on the surface of a sphere with center and radius . It is given that , ,

, and that the distance from to triangle is , where , , and are positive integers, and are

relatively prime, and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 13

The equation has exactly two real roots, one of which is , where

, and are integers, and are relatively prime, and . Find .

Solution

Problem 14
Every positive integer has a unique factorial base expansion , meaning that
, where each is an integer, , and . Given
that is the factorial base expansion of
, ﬁnd the value of
.

Solution

Problem 15
Find the least positive integer such that

Solution

See also
2000 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2000))

Preceded by Followed by
2000 AIME I Problems 2001 AIME I Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 3/3
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2001 AIME I Problems

2001 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2001)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Find the sum of all positive two-digit integers that are divisible by each of their digits.

Solution

Problem 2
A ﬁnite set of distinct real numbers has the following properties: the mean of is less than the mean of , and the
mean of is more than the mean of . Find the mean of .

Solution

Problem 3

Find the sum of the roots, real and non-real, of the equation , given that there are no multiple

roots.

Solution

Problem 4

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In triangle , angles and measure degrees and degrees, respectively. The bisector of angle intersects
at , and . The area of triangle can be written in the form , where , , and are positive
integers, and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 5
An equilateral triangle is inscribed in the ellipse whose equation is . One vertex of the triangle is , one

altitude is contained in the y-axis, and the length of each side is , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 6
A fair die is rolled four times. The probability that each of the ﬁnal three rolls is at least as large as the roll preceding it may be
expressed in the form , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 7
Triangle has , and . Points and are located on and , respectively,
such that is parallel to and contains the center of the inscribed circle of triangle . Then , where
and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 8
Call a positive integer a if the digits of the base-7 representation of form a base-10 number that is twice .
For example, is a 7-10 double because its base-7 representation is . What is the largest 7-10 double?

Solution

Problem 9
In triangle , , and . Point is on , is on , and is on . Let
, , and , where , , and are positive and satisfy
and . The ratio of the area of triangle to the area of triangle can be written in the form
, where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 10
Let be the set of points whose coordinates and are integers that satisfy and
Two distinct points are randomly chosen from The probability that the midpoint of the segment they determine
also belongs to is where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 11
In a rectangular array of points, with 5 rows and columns, the points are numbered consecutively from left to right beginning
with the top row. Thus the top row is numbered 1 through the second row is numbered through and so forth.
Five points, and are selected so that each is in row Let be the number associated with Now
renumber the array consecutively from top to bottom, beginning with the ﬁrst column. Let be the number associated with
after the renumbering. It is found that and Find the smallest possible
value of

Solution

Problem 12
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A sphere is inscribed in the tetrahedron whose vertices are and

The radius of the sphere is where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 13
In a certain circle, the chord of a -degree arc is 22 centimeters long, and the chord of a -degree arc is 20 centimeters longer
than the chord of a -degree arc, where The length of the chord of a -degree arc is centimeters,
where and are positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 14
A mail carrier delivers mail to the nineteen houses on the east side of Elm Street. The carrier notices that no two adjacent houses
ever get mail on the same day, but that there are never more than two houses in a row that get no mail on the same day. How many
different patterns of mail delivery are possible?

Solution

Problem 15
The numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are randomly written on the faces of a regular octahedron so that each face contains a
different number. The probability that no two consecutive numbers, where 8 and 1 are considered to be consecutive, are written on
faces that share an edge is where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

See also
2001 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2001))

Preceded by Followed by
2000 AIME II Problems 2001 AIME II Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 3/3
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2001 AIME II Problems

2001 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2001)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Let be the largest positive integer with the following property: reading from left to right, each pair of consecutive digits of
forms a perfect square. What are the leftmost three digits of ?

Solution

Problem 2
Each of the 2001 students at a high school studies either Spanish or French, and some study both. The number who study Spanish
is between 80 percent and 85 percent of the school population, and the number who study French is between 30 percent and 40
percent. Let be the smallest number of students who could study both languages, and let be the largest number of students
who could study both languages. Find .

Solution

Problem 3
Given that

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ﬁnd the value of .

Solution

Problem 4
Let . The lines whose equations are and contain points and , respectively, such that

is the midpoint of . The length of equals , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 5
A set of positive numbers has the if it has three distinct elements that are the lengths of the sides of a
triangle whose area is positive. Consider sets of consecutive positive integers, all of whose ten-element
subsets have the triangle property. What is the largest possible value of ?

Solution

Problem 6
Square is inscribed in a circle. Square has vertices and on and vertices and on the circle.

The ratio of the area of square to the area of square can be expressed as where and are relatively

prime positive integers and . Find .

Solution

Problem 7
Let be a right triangle with , , and . Let be the inscribed circle. Construct
with on and on , such that is perpendicular to and tangent to . Construct with on
and on such that is perpendicular to and tangent to . Let be the inscribed circle of and
the inscribed circle of . The distance between the centers of and can be written as . What is ?

Solution

Problem 8
A certain function has the properties that for all positive real values of , and that
for . Find the smallest for which .

Solution

Problem 9
Each unit square of a 3-by-3 unit-square grid is to be colored either blue or red. For each square, either color is equally likely to be

used. The probability of obtaining a grid that does not have a 2-by-2 red square is , where and are relatively prime positive
integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 10

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How many positive integer multiples of 1001 can be expressed in the form , where and are integers and
?

Solution

Problem 11
Club Truncator is in a soccer league with six other teams, each of which it plays once. In any of its 6 matches, the probabilities that

Club Truncator will win, lose, or tie are each . The probability that Club Truncator will ﬁnish the season with more wins than

losses is , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 12
Given a triangle, its midpoint triangle is obtained by joining the midpoints of its sides. A sequence of polyhedra is deﬁned
recursively as follows: is a regular tetrahedron whose volume is 1. To obtain , replace the midpoint triangle of every face

of by an outward-pointing regular tetrahedron that has the midpoint triangle as a face. The volume of is , where and
are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 13
In quadrilateral , and , , , and .

The length may be written in the form , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 14
There are complex numbers that satisfy both and . These numbers have the form
, where and angles are measured in degrees. Find the
value of .

Solution

Problem 15
Let , , and be three adjacent square faces of a cube, for which , and let be the
eighth vertex of the cube. Let , , and , be the points on , , and , respectively, so that
. A solid is obtained by drilling a tunnel through the cube. The sides of the tunnel are planes
parallel to , and containing the edges, , , and . The surface area of , including the walls of the tunnel, is
, where , , and are positive integers and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

See also
2001 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2001))

Preceded by Followed by
2001 AIME I Problems 2002 AIME I Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

[Link] 3/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2002 AIME I Problems

2002 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2002)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Many states use a sequence of three letters followed by a sequence of three digits as their standard license-plate pattern. Given
that each three-letter three-digit arrangement is equally likely, the probability that such a license plate will contain at least one
palindrome (a three-letter arrangement or a three-digit arrangement that reads the same left-to-right as it does right-to-left) is
, where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 2
The diagram shows twenty congruent circles arranged in three rows and enclosed in a rectangle. The circles are tangent to one
another and to the sides of the rectangle as shown in the diagram. The ratio of the longer dimension of the rectangle to the shorter

dimension can be written as , where and are positive integers. Find .

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Solution

Problem 3
Jane is 25 years old. Dick is older than Jane. In years, where is a positive integer, Dick's age and Jane's age will both be two-
digit number and will have the property that Jane's age is obtained by interchanging the digits of Dick's age. Let be Dick's present
age. How many ordered pairs of positive integers are possible?

Solution

Problem 4

Consider the sequence deﬁned by for . Given that , for

positive integers and with , ﬁnd .

Solution

Problem 5
Let be the vertices of a regular dodecagon. How many distinct squares in the plane of the dodecagon
have at least two vertices in the set ?

Solution

Problem 6
The solutions to the system of equations

are and . Find .

Solution

Problem 7
The Binomial Expansion is valid for exponents that are not integers. That is, for all real numbers , , and with ,

What are the ﬁrst three digits to the right of the decimal point in the decimal representation of ?

Solution

Problem 8
Find the smallest integer k for which the conditions

(1) is a nondecreasing sequence of positive integers

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(2) for all

(3)

are satisﬁed by more than one sequence.

Solution

Problem 9
Harold, Tanya, and Ulysses paint a very long picket fence. Harold starts with the ﬁrst picket and paints every th picket; Tanya
starts with the second picket and paints every th picket; and Ulysses starts with the third picket and paints every th picket. Call
the positive integer when the triple of positive integers results in every picket being
painted exactly once. Find the sum of all the paintable integers.

Solution

Problem 10
In the diagram below, angle is a right angle. Point is on , and bisects angle . Points and are on
and , respectively, so that and . Given that and , ﬁnd the integer
closest to the area of quadrilateral .

Solution

Problem 11
Let and be two faces of a cube with . A beam of light emanates from vertex and reﬂects off
face at point , which is units from and units from . The beam continues to be reﬂected off the faces
of the cube. The length of the light path from the time it leaves point until it next reaches a vertex of the cube is given by
, where and are integers and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 12

Let for all complex numbers , and let for all positive integers . Given that

and , where and are real numbers, ﬁnd .

Solution

Problem 13
In triangle the medians and have lengths 18 and 27, respectively, and . Extend to intersect
the circumcircle of at . The area of triangle is , where and are positive integers and is not
divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 14

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A set of distinct positive integers has the following property: for every integer in the arithmetic mean of the set of values
obtained by deleting from is an integer. Given that 1 belongs to and that 2002 is the largest element of what is the
greatest number of elements that can have?

Solution

Problem 15
Polyhedron has six faces. Face is a square with face is a trapezoid with
parallel to and and face has The other three
faces are and The distance from to face is 12. Given that
where and are positive integers and is not divisible by the square of any prime, ﬁnd

Solution

See also
2002 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2002))

Preceded by Followed by
2001 AIME II Problems 2002 AIME II Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2002 AIME II Problems

2002 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2002)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Given that and are both integers between and , inclusive; is the number formed by reversing the digits of ; and
. How many distinct values of are possible?

Solution

Problem 2
Three vertices of a cube are , , and . What is the surface area of the
cube?

Solution

Problem 3
It is given that , where , , and are positive integers that form an increasing geometric
sequence and is the square of an integer. Find .

Solution

Problem 4
Patio blocks that are hexagons unit on a side are used to outline a garden by placing the blocks edge to edge with on each
side. The diagram indicates the path of blocks around the garden when .

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If , then the area of the garden enclosed by the path, not including the path itself, is square units, where

is a positive integer. Find the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 5
Find the sum of all positive integers where and are non-negative integers, for which is not a divisor of .

Solution

Problem 6

Find the integer that is closest to .

Solution

Problem 7
It is known that, for all positive integers ,

Find the smallest positive integer such that is a multiple of .

Solution

Problem 8

Find the least positive integer for which the equation has no integer solutions for . (The notation means

the greatest integer less than or equal to .)

Solution

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Problem 9
Let be the set Let be the number of sets of two non-empty disjoint subsets of . (Disjoint sets are
deﬁned as sets that have no common elements.) Find the remainder obtained when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 10
While ﬁnding the sine of a certain angle, an absent-minded professor failed to notice that his calculator was not in the correct
angular mode. He was lucky to get the right answer. The two least positive real values of for which the sine of degrees is the

same as the sine of radians are and , where , , , and are positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 11
Two distinct, real, inﬁnite geometric series each have a sum of and have the same second term. The third term of one of the

series is , and the second term of both series can be written in the form , where , , and are positive integers

and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 12
A basketball player has a constant probability of of making any given shot, independent of previous shots. Let be the ratio of
shots made to shots attempted after shots. The probability that and for all such that is
given to be where , , , and are primes, and , , and are positive integers. Find
.

Solution

Problem 13
In triangle , point is on with and , point is on with and ,
, and and intersect at . Points and lie on so that is parallel to and is parallel
to . It is given that the ratio of the area of triangle to the area of triangle is , where and are
relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 14
The perimeter of triangle is , and the angle is a right angle. A circle of radius with center on is
drawn so that it is tangent to and . Given that where and are relatively prime positive integers,
ﬁnd .

Solution

Problem 15
Circles and intersect at two points, one of which is , and the product of the radii is . The x-axis and the line
, where , are tangent to both circles. It is given that can be written in the form , where , , and
are positive integers, is not divisible by the square of any prime, and and are relatively prime. Find .

Solution

See also

[Link] 3/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2002 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2002))

Preceded by Followed by
2002 AIME I Problems 2003 AIME I Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2003 AIME I Problems

2003 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2003)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Given that

where and are positive integers and is as large as possible, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 2
One hundred concentric circles with radii are drawn in a plane. The interior of the circle of radius 1 is colored
red, and each region bounded by consecutive circles is colored either red or green, with no two adjacent regions the same color.
The ratio of the total area of the green regions to the area of the circle of radius 100 can be expressed as where and
are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 3
Let the set Susan makes a list as follows: for each two-element subset of she writes
on her list the greater of the set's two elements. Find the sum of the numbers on the list.

Solution

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Problem 4

Given that and that ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 5
Consider the set of points that are inside or within one unit of a rectangular parallelepiped (box) that measures 3 by 4 by 5 units.

Given that the volume of this set is where and are positive integers, and and are relatively prime, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 6
The sum of the areas of all triangles whose vertices are also vertices of a 1 by 1 by 1 cube is where
and are integers. Find

Solution

Problem 7
Point is on with and Point is not on so that and and are
integers. Let be the sum of all possible perimeters of Find

Solution

Problem 8
In an increasing sequence of four positive integers, the ﬁrst three terms form an arithmetic progression, the last three terms form a
geometric progression, and the ﬁrst and fourth terms differ by Find the sum of the four terms.

Solution

Problem 9
An integer between and inclusive, is called balanced if the sum of its two leftmost digits equals the sum of its two
rightmost digits. How many balanced integers are there?

Solution

Problem 10
Triangle is isosceles with and Point is in the interior of the triangle so that
and Find the number of degrees in

Solution

Problem 11
An angle is chosen at random from the interval Let be the probability that the numbers
and are not the lengths of the sides of a triangle. Given that where is the number of degrees in
and and are positive integers with ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 12
In convex quadrilateral and The perimeter of is
640. Find (The notation means the greatest integer that is less than or equal to )

Solution

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Problem 13
Let be the number of positive integers that are less than or equal to 2003 and whose base-2 representation has more 1's than
0's. Find the remainder when is divided by 1000.

Solution

Problem 14
The decimal representation of where and are relatively prime positive integers and contains the digits 2, 5,
and 1 consecutively, and in that order. Find the smallest value of for which this is possible.

Solution

Problem 15
In and Let be the midpoint of and let be the point on
such that bisects angle Let be the point on such that Suppose that meets
at The ratio can be written in the form where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

See also
2003 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2003))

Preceded by Followed by
2002 AIME II Problems 2003 AIME II Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 3/3
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2003 AIME II Problems

2003 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2003)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
The product of three positive integers is 6 times their sum, and one of the integers is the sum of the other two. Find the sum of
all possible values of .

Solution

Problem 2
Let be the greatest integer multiple of 8, whose digits are all different. What is the remainder when is divided by 1000?

Solution

Problem 3
Deﬁne a as a sequence of letters that consists only of the letters , , and - some of these letters may not
appear in the sequence - and in which is never immediately followed by , is never immediately followed by , and is
never immediately followed by . How many seven-letter good words are there?

Solution

Problem 4
In a regular tetrahedron the centers of the four faces are the vertices of a smaller tetrahedron. The ratio of the volume of the
smaller tetrahedron to that of the larger is , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution
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Problem 5
A cylindrical log has diameter inches. A wedge is cut from the log by making two planar cuts that go entirely through the log.
The ﬁrst is perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder, and the plane of the second cut forms a angle with the plane of the ﬁrst
cut. The intersection of these two planes has exactly one point in common with the log. The number of cubic inches in the wedge
can be expressed as , where n is a positive integer. Find .

Solution

Problem 6
In triangle and point is the intersection of the medians. Points
and are the images of and respectively, after a rotation about What is the area of the union of the two
regions enclosed by the triangles and

Solution

Problem 7
Find the area of rhombus given that the radii of the circles circumscribed around triangles and are
and , respectively.

Solution

Problem 8
Find the eighth term of the sequence whose terms are formed by multiplying the corresponding
terms of two arithmetic sequences.

Solution

Problem 9
Consider the polynomials and Given that
and are the roots of ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 10
Two positive integers differ by The sum of their square roots is the square root of an integer that is not a perfect square. What
is the maximum possible sum of the two integers?

Solution

Problem 11
Triangle is a right triangle with and right angle at Point is the midpoint of and
is on the same side of line as so that Given that the area of triangle may be expressed

as where and are positive integers, and are relatively prime, and is not divisible by the square of any

prime, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 12
The members of a distinguished committee were choosing a president, and each member gave one vote to one of the
candidates. For each candidate, the exact percentage of votes the candidate got was smaller by at least than the number of
votes for that candidate. What is the smallest possible number of members of the committee?

Solution

Problem 13

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A bug starts at a vertex of an equilateral triangle. On each move, it randomly selects one of the two vertices where it is not currently
located, and crawls along a side of the triangle to that vertex. Given that the probability that the bug moves to its starting vertex on
its tenth move is where and are relatively prime positive integers, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 14
Let and be points on the coordinate plane. Let be a convex equilateral hexagon such
that and the y-coordinates of its vertices are distinct
elements of the set The area of the hexagon can be written in the form where and are
positive integers and n is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find

Solution

Problem 15
Let . Let be the distinct zeros of
and let for where and are real numbers. Let

where and are integers and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find

Solution

See also
2003 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2003))

Preceded by Followed by
2003 AIME I Problems 2004 AIME I Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 3/3
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2004 AIME I Problems

2004 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2004)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
The digits of a positive integer are four consecutive integers in decreasing order when read from left to right. What is the sum of
the possible remainders when is divided by 37?

Solution

Problem 2
Set consists of consecutive integers whose sum is and set consists of consecutive integers whose sum is
The absolute value of the difference between the greatest element of and the greatest element of is 99. Find

Solution

Problem 3
A convex polyhedron has 26 vertices, 60 edges, and 36 faces, 24 of which are triangular, and 12 of which are quadrilaterals. A
space diagonal is a line segment connecting two non-adjacent vertices that do not belong to the same face. How many space
diagonals does have?

Solution

Problem 4
A square has sides of length 2. Set is the set of all line segments that have length 2 and whose endpoints are on adjacent sides
of the square. The midpoints of the line segments in set enclose a region whose area to the nearest hundredth is Find

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Solution

Problem 5
Alpha and Beta both took part in a two-day problem-solving competition. At the end of the second day, each had attempted
questions worth a total of 500 points. Alpha scored 160 points out of 300 points attempted on the ﬁrst day, and scored 140 points
out of 200 points attempted on the second day. Beta who did not attempt 300 points on the ﬁrst day, had a positive integer score
on each of the two days, and Beta's daily success rate (points scored divided by points attempted) on each day was less than
Alpha's on that day. Alpha's two-day success ratio was 300/500 = 3/5. The largest possible two-day success ratio that Beta could
achieve is where and are relatively prime positive integers. What is ?

Solution

Problem 6
An integer is called snakelike if its decimal representation satisﬁes if is odd and if
is even. How many snakelike integers between 1000 and 9999 have four distinct digits?

Solution

Problem 7
Let be the coeﬃcient of in the expansion of the product
Find

Solution

Problem 8
Deﬁne a regular -pointed star to be the union of line segments such that

the points are coplanar and no three of them are collinear,

each of the line segments intersects at least one of the other line segments at a point other than an endpoint,
all of the angles at are congruent,
all of the line segments are congruent, and
the path turns counterclockwise at an angle of less than 180 degrees at each vertex.

There are no regular 3-pointed, 4-pointed, or 6-pointed stars. All regular 5-pointed stars are similar, but there are two non-similar
regular 7-pointed stars. How many non-similar regular 1000-pointed stars are there?

Solution

Problem 9
Let be a triangle with sides 3, 4, and 5, and be a 6-by-7 rectangle. A segment is drawn to divide triangle
into a triangle and a trapezoid and another segment is drawn to divide rectangle into a triangle and a
trapezoid such that is similar to and is similar to The minimum value of the area of can be written in the
form where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 10
A circle of radius 1 is randomly placed in a 15-by-36 rectangle so that the circle lies completely within the rectangle.
Given that the probability that the circle will not touch diagonal is where and are relatively prime positive
integers, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 11
A solid in the shape of a right circular cone is 4 inches tall and its base has a 3-inch radius. The entire surface of the cone,
including its base, is painted. A plane parallel to the base of the cone divides the cone into two solids, a smaller cone-shaped solid
and a frustum-shaped solid in such a way that the ratio between the areas of the painted surfaces of and and the ratio
between the volumes of and are both equal to Given that where and are relatively prime positive
integers, ﬁnd

Solution
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Problem 12

Let be the set of ordered pairs such that and and are

both even. Given that the area of the graph of is where and are relatively prime positive integers, ﬁnd
The notation denotes the greatest integer that is less than or equal to

Solution

Problem 13
The polynomial has 34 complex roots of the form
with
and Given that where and are relatively prime positive integers, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 14
A unicorn is tethered by a 20-foot silver rope to the base of a magician's cylindrical tower whose radius is 8 feet. The rope is
attached to the tower at ground level and to the unicorn at a height of 4 feet. The unicorn has pulled the rope taut, the end of the

rope is 4 feet from the nearest point on the tower, and the length of the rope that is touching the tower is feet, where

and are positive integers, and is prime. Find

Solution

Problem 15
For all positive integers , let

and deﬁne a sequence as follows: and for all positive integers . Let be the smallest such
that . (For example, and .) Let be the number of positive integers such that
. Find the sum of the distinct prime factors of .

Solution

See Also
2004 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2004))

Preceded by Followed by
2003 AIME II Problems 2004 AIME II Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

2004 AIME I
American Invitational Mathematics Examination
AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

[Link] 3/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2004 AIME II Problems

2004 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2004)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
A chord of a circle is perpendicular to a radius at the midpoint of the radius. The ratio of the area of the larger of the two regions

into which the chord divides the circle to the smaller can be expressed in the form where and are

positive integers, and are relatively prime, and neither nor is divisible by the square of any prime. Find the remainder when
the product is divided by 1000.

Solution

Problem 2
A jar has 10 red candies and 10 blue candies. Terry picks two candies at random, then Mary picks two of the remaining candies at
random. Given that the probability that they get the same color combination, irrespective of order, is where and are
relatively prime positive integers, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 3
A solid rectangular block is formed by gluing together congruent 1-cm cubes face to face. When the block is viewed so that
three of its faces are visible, exactly 231 of the 1-cm cubes cannot be seen. Find the smallest possible value of

Solution

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Problem 4
How many positive integers less than 10,000 have at most two different digits?

Solution

Problem 5
In order to complete a large job, 1000 workers were hired, just enough to complete the job on schedule. All the workers stayed on
the job while the ﬁrst quarter of the work was done, so the ﬁrst quarter of the work was completed on schedule. Then 100 workers
were laid off, so the second quarter of the work was completed behind schedule. Then an additional 100 workers were laid off, so
the third quarter of the work was completed still further behind schedule. Given that all workers work at the same rate, what is the
minimum number of additional workers, beyond the 800 workers still on the job at the end of the third quarter, that must be hired
after three-quarters of the work has been completed so that the entire project can be completed on schedule or before?

Solution

Problem 6
Three clever monkeys divide a pile of bananas. The ﬁrst monkey takes some bananas from the pile, keeps three-fourths of them,
and divides the rest equally between the other two. The second monkey takes some bananas from the pile, keeps one-fourth of
them, and divides the rest equally between the other two. The third monkey takes the remaining bananas from the pile, keeps one-
twelfth of them, and divides the rest equally between the other two. Given that each monkey receives a whole number of bananas
whenever the bananas are divided, and the numbers of bananas the ﬁrst, second, and third monkeys have at the end of the process
are in the ratio what is the least possible total for the number of bananas?

Solution

Problem 7
is a rectangular sheet of paper that has been folded so that corner is matched with point on edge The
crease is where is on and is on The dimensions and are given.
The perimeter of rectangle is where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 8
How many positive integer divisors of are divisible by exactly 2004 positive integers?

Solution

Problem 9

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A sequence of positive integers with and is formed so that the ﬁrst three terms are in geometric
progression, the second, third, and fourth terms are in arithmetic progression, and, in general, for all the terms
are in geometric progression, and the terms and are in arithmetic progression. Let
be the greatest term in this sequence that is less than 1000. Find

Solution

Problem 10
Let be the set of integers between 1 and whose binary expansions have exactly two 1's. If a number is chosen at random
from the probability that it is divisible by 9 is where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 11
A right circular cone has a base with radius 600 and height A ﬂy starts at a point on the surface of the cone whose
distance from the vertex of the cone is 125, and crawls along the surface of the cone to a point on the exact opposite side of the
cone whose distance from the vertex is Find the least distance that the ﬂy could have crawled.

Solution

Problem 12
Let be an isosceles trapezoid, whose dimensions are and Draw circles
of radius 3 centered at and and circles of radius 2 centered at and A circle contained within the trapezoid is tangent

to all four of these circles. Its radius is where and are positive integers, is not divisible by the

square of any prime, and and are relatively prime. Find

Solution

Problem 13
Let be a convex pentagon with
and Given that the ratio
between the area of triangle and the area of triangle is where and are relatively prime positive
integers, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 14
Consider a string of 's, into which signs are inserted to produce an arithmetic expression. For example,
could be obtained from eight 's in this way. For how many values of is it possible to
insert signs so that the resulting expression has value ?

Solution

Problem 15
A long thin strip of paper is 1024 units in length, 1 unit in width, and is divided into 1024 unit squares. The paper is folded in half
repeatedly. For the ﬁrst fold, the right end of the paper is folded over to coincide with and lie on top of the left end. The result is a
512 by 1 strip of double thickness. Next, the right end of this strip is folded over to coincide with and lie on top of the left end,
resulting in a 256 by 1 strip of quadruple thickness. This process is repeated 8 more times. After the last fold, the strip has become
a stack of 1024 unit squares. How many of these squares lie below the square that was originally the 942nd square counting from
the left?

Solution

See also

[Link] 3/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2004 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2004))

Preceded by Followed by
2004 AIME I Problems 2005 AIME I Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2005 AIME I Problems

2005 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2005)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Six congruent circles form a ring with each circle externally tangent to two circles adjacent to it. All circles are internally tangent to
a circle with radius 30. Let be the area of the region inside circle and outside of the six circles in the ring. Find

Solution

Problem 2
For each positive integer let denote the increasing arithmetic sequence of integers whose ﬁrst term is 1 and whose
common difference is For example, is the sequence For how many values of does contain the
term 2005?

Solution

Problem 3
How many positive integers have exactly three proper divisors (positive integral divisors excluding itself), each of which is less
than 50?

Solution

Problem 4
The director of a marching band wishes to place the members into a formation that includes all of them and has no unﬁlled
positions. If they are arranged in a square formation, there are 5 members left over. The director realizes that if he arranges the
group in a formation with 7 more rows than columns, there are no members left over. Find the maximum number of members this
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band can have.

Solution

Problem 5
Robert has 4 indistinguishable gold coins and 4 indistinguishable silver coins. Each coin has an engraving of one face on one side,
but not on the other. He wants to stack the eight coins on a table into a single stack so that no two adjacent coins are face to face.
Find the number of possible distinguishable arrangements of the 8 coins.

Solution

Problem 6
Let be the product of the nonreal roots of Find

Solution

Problem 7
In quadrilateral and Given that
where and are positive integers, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 8

The equation has three real roots. Given that their sum is where and are
relatively prime positive integers, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 9
Twenty-seven unit cubes are painted orange on a set of four faces so that the two unpainted faces share an edge. The 27 cubes
are then randomly arranged to form a cube. Given that the probability that the entire surface of the larger cube is

orange is where and are distinct primes and and are positive integers, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 10
Triangle lies in the Cartesian Plane and has an area of 70. The coordinates of and are and
respectively, and the coordinates of are The line containing the median to side has slope Find the largest
possible value of

Solution

Problem 11
A semicircle with diameter is contained in a square whose sides have length 8. Given the maximum value of is
ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 12
For positive integers let denote the number of positive integer divisors of including 1 and For example,
and Deﬁne by Let denote the number of
positive integers with odd, and let denote the number of positive integers with even.
Find

Solution

Problem 13
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A particle moves in the Cartesian Plane according to the following rules:

1. From any lattice point the particle may only move to or

2. There are no right angle turns in the particle's path.

How many different paths can the particle take from to ?

Solution

Problem 14
Consider the points and There is a unique square such that each of the
four points is on a different side of Let be the area of Find the remainder when is divided by 1000.

Solution

Problem 15
Triangle has The incircle of the triangle evenly trisects the median If the area of the triangle is
where and are integers and is not divisible by the square of a prime, ﬁnd

Solution

See Also
2005 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2005))

Preceded by Followed by
2004 AIME II Problems 2005 AIME II Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
2005 AIME I Math Jam Transcript ([Link]
0)
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 3/3
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2005 AIME II Problems

2005 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2005)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
A game uses a deck of different cards, where is an integer and The number of possible sets of 6 cards that can be
drawn from the deck is 6 times the number of possible sets of 3 cards that can be drawn. Find

Solution

Problem 2
A hotel packed breakfast for each of three guests. Each breakfast should have consisted of three types of rolls, one each of nut,
cheese, and fruit rolls. The preparer wrapped each of the nine rolls and once wrapped, the rolls were indistinguishable from one
another. She then randomly put three rolls in a bag for each of the guests. Given that the probability each guest got one roll of each
type is where and are relatively prime integers, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 3
An inﬁnite geometric series has sum 2005. A new series, obtained by squaring each term of the original series, has 10 times the
sum of the original series. The common ratio of the original series is where and are relatively prime integers. Find

Solution

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Problem 4
Find the number of positive integers that are divisors of at least one of

Solution

Problem 5
Determine the number of ordered pairs of integers such that and

Solution

Problem 6
The cards in a stack of cards are numbered consecutively from 1 through from top to bottom. The top cards are
removed, kept in order, and form pile The remaining cards form pile The cards are then restacked by taking cards
alternately from the tops of pile and respectively. In this process, card number becomes the bottom card of the
new stack, card number 1 is on top of this card, and so on, until piles and are exhausted. If, after the restacking process, at
least one card from each pile occupies the same position that it occupied in the original stack, the stack is named magical. Find
the number of cards in the magical stack in which card number 131 retains its original position.

Solution

Problem 7

Let Find

Solution

Problem 8
Circles and are externally tangent, and they are both internally tangent to circle The radii of and are 4 and 10,
respectively, and the centers of the three circles are all collinear. A chord of is also a common external tangent of and

Given that the length of the chord is where and are positive integers, and are relatively prime, and is not

divisible by the square of any prime, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 9
For how many positive integers less than or equal to 1000 is true for all real ?

Solution

Problem 10
Given that is a regular octahedron, that is the cube whose vertices are the centers of the faces of and that the ratio of the

volume of to that of is where and are relatively prime integers, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 11
Let be a positive integer, and let be a sequence of reals such that and

for Find

Solution

Problem 12

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Square has center and are on with and between and

and Given that where and are positive integers and
is not divisible by the square of any prime, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 13
Let be a polynomial with integer coefficients that satisfies and Given that
has two distinct integer solutions and find the product

Solution

Problem 14
In triangle and Point is on with Point is on
such that Given that where and are relatively prime positive integers, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 15
Let and denote the circles and
respectively. Let be the smallest positive value of for which the line contains the center of a circle that is externally
tangent to and internally tangent to Given that where and are relatively prime integers, ﬁnd

Solution

See also
2005 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2005))

Preceded by Followed by
2005 AIME I Problems 2006 AIME I Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
2005 AIME II Math Jam Transcript ([Link]
51)
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 3/3
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2006 AIME I Problems

2006 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2006)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
In quadrilateral is a right angle, diagonal is perpendicular to and
Find the perimeter of

Solution

Problem 2
Let set be a 90-element subset of and let be the sum of the elements of Find the number of
possible values of

Solution

Problem 3
Find the least positive integer such that when its leftmost digit is deleted, the resulting integer is of the original integer.

Solution

Problem 4
Let be the number of consecutive 0's at the right end of the decimal representation of the product
Find the remainder when is divided by 1000.

Solution

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Problem 5

The number can be written as where and

are positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 6
Let be the set of real numbers that can be represented as repeating decimals of the form where are distinct
digits. Find the sum of the elements of

Solution

Problem 7
An angle is drawn on a set of equally spaced parallel lines as shown. The ratio of the area of shaded region to the area of
shaded region is 11/5. Find the ratio of shaded region to the area of shaded region

Solution

Problem 8
Hexagon is divided into ﬁve rhombuses, and as shown. Rhombuses and are
congruent, and each has area Let be the area of rhombus Given that is a positive integer, ﬁnd the number of
possible values for

Solution

Problem 9
The sequence is geometric with and common ratio where and are positive integers. Given that
ﬁnd the number of possible ordered pairs

Solution

Problem 10
Eight circles of diameter 1 are packed in the ﬁrst quadrant of the coordinate plane as shown. Let region be the union of the
eight circular regions. Line with slope 3, divides into two regions of equal area. Line 's equation can be expressed in the form
where and are positive integers whose greatest common divisor is 1. Find

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Solution

Problem 11
A collection of 8 cubes consists of one cube with edge-length for each integer A tower is to be built using all
8 cubes according to the rules:

Any cube may be the bottom cube in the tower.

The cube immediately on top of a cube with edge-length must have edge-length at most

Let be the number of different towers than can be constructed. What is the remainder when is divided by 1000?

Solution

Problem 12
Find the sum of the values of such that where is measured in degrees and

Solution

Problem 13
For each even positive integer let denote the greatest power of 2 that divides For example, and

For each positive integer let Find the greatest integer less than 1000 such that is

a perfect square.

Solution

Problem 14
A tripod has three legs each of length 5 feet. When the tripod is set up, the angle between any pair of legs is equal to the angle
between any other pair, and the top of the tripod is 4 feet from the ground. In setting up the tripod, the lower 1 foot of one leg
breaks off. Let be the height in feet of the top of the tripod from the ground when the broken tripod is set up. Then can be
written in the form where and are positive integers and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find

(The notation denotes the greatest integer that is less than or equal to )

Solution

Problem 15
Given that a sequence satisﬁes and for all integers ﬁnd the minimum possible value of

Solution

See also

[Link] 3/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2006 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2006))

Preceded by Followed by
2005 AIME II Problems 2006 AIME II Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
2006 AIME I Math Jam Transcript ([Link]
44)
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2006 AIME II Problems

2006 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2006)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
In convex hexagon , all six sides are congruent, and are right angles, and and
are congruent. The area of the hexagonal region is Find .

Solution

Problem 2
The lengths of the sides of a triangle with positive area are , , and , where is a positive integer.
Find the number of possible values for .

Solution

Problem 3
Let be the product of the ﬁrst 100 positive odd integers. Find the largest integer such that is divisible by .

Solution

Problem 4
Let be a permutation of for which

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An example of such a permutation is Find the number of such permutations.

Solution

Problem 5
When rolling a certain unfair six-sided die with faces numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, the probability of obtaining face is greater
than 1/6, the probability of obtaining the face opposite is less than 1/6, the probability of obtaining any one of the other four faces
is 1/6, and the sum of the numbers on opposite faces is 7. When two such dice are rolled, the probability of obtaining a sum of 7 is
47/288. Given that the probability of obtaining face is where and are relatively prime positive integers, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 6
Square has sides of length 1. Points and are on and respectively, so that is equilateral. A
square with vertex has sides that are parallel to those of and a vertex on The length of a side of this smaller

square is where and are positive integers and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find

Solution

Problem 7
Find the number of ordered pairs of positive integers such that and neither nor has a zero digit.

Solution

Problem 8
There is an unlimited supply of congruent equilateral triangles made of colored paper. Each triangle is a solid color with the same
color on both sides of the paper. A large equilateral triangle is constructed from four of these paper triangles. Two large triangles
are considered distinguishable if it is not possible to place one on the other, using translations, rotations, and/or reﬂections, so that
their corresponding small triangles are of the same color.

Given that there are six different colors of triangles from which to choose, how many distinguishable large equilateral triangles may
be formed?

Solution

Problem 9
Circles and have their centers at (0,0), (12,0), and (24,0), and have radii 1, 2, and 4, respectively. Line is a common
internal tangent to and and has a positive slope, and line is a common internal tangent to and and has a negative
slope. Given that lines and intersect at and that where and are positive integers and is
not divisible by the square of any prime, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 10
Seven teams play a soccer tournament in which each team plays every other team exactly once. No ties occur, each team has a
chance of winning each game it plays, and the outcomes of the games are independent. In each game, the winner is
awarded a point and the loser gets 0 points. The total points are accumulated to decide the ranks of the teams. In the ﬁrst game of
the tournament, team beats team The probability that team ﬁnishes with more points than team is where
and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

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Problem 11
A sequence is deﬁned as follows and, for all positive integers

Given that and ﬁnd the remainder when is divided

by 1000.

Solution

Problem 12
Equilateral is inscribed in a circle of radius 2. Extend through to point so that and extend
through to point so that Through draw a line parallel to and through draw a line
parallel to Let be the intersection of and Let be the point on the circle that is collinear with and and

distinct from Given that the area of can be expressed in the form where and are positive integers,
and are relatively prime, and is not divisible by the square of any prime, ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 13
How many integers less than 1000 can be written as the sum of consecutive positive odd integers from exactly 5 values of
?

Solution

Problem 14
Let be the sum of the reciprocals of the non-zero digits of the integers from to inclusive. Find the smallest positive
integer n for which is an integer.

Solution

Problem 15
Given that and are real numbers that satisfy:

and that where and are positive integers and is not divisible by the square of any prime, ﬁnd

Solution

See also
2006 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2006))

Preceded by Followed by
2006 AIME I Problems 2007 AIME I Problems

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

[Link] 3/4
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AIME Problems and Solutions

2006 AIME I Math Jam Transcript ([Link]
44)
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2007 AIME I Problems

2007 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2007)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
How many positive perfect squares less than are multiples of 24?

Solution

Problem 2
A 100 foot long moving walkway moves at a constant rate of 6 feet per second. Al steps onto the start of the walkway and stands.
Bob steps onto the start of the walkway two seconds later and strolls forward along the walkway at a constant rate of 4 feet per
second. Two seconds after that, Cy reaches the start of the walkway and walks briskly forward beside the walkway at a constant
rate of 8 feet per second. At a certain time, one of these three persons is exactly halfway between the other two. At that time, ﬁnd
the distance in feet between the start of the walkway and the middle person.

Solution

Problem 3
The complex number is equal to , where is a positive real number and . Given that the imaginary parts of
and are the same, what is equal to?

Solution

Problem 4

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Three planets orbit a star circularly in the same plane. Each moves in the same direction and moves at constant speed. Their
periods are , , and years. The three planets and the star are currently collinear. What is the fewest number of years from
now that they will all be collinear again?

Solution

Problem 5

The formula for converting a Fahrenheit temperature to the corresponding Celsius temperature is An
integer Fahrenheit temperature is converted to Celsius, rounded to the nearest integer, converted back to Fahrenheit, and again
rounded to the nearest integer.

For how many integer Fahrenheit temperatures between and inclusive does the original temperature equal the ﬁnal
temperature?

Solution

Problem 6
A frog is placed at the origin on the number line, and moves according to the following rule: in a given move, the frog advances to
either the closest point with a greater integer coordinate that is a multiple of , or to the closest point with a greater integer
coordinate that is a multiple of . A move sequence is a sequence of coordinates which correspond to valid moves, beginning
with , and ending with . For example, is a move sequence. How many move sequences are
possible for the frog?

Solution

Problem 7

Let

Find the remainder when is divided by 1000. ( is the greatest integer less than or equal to , and is the least integer
greater than or equal to .)

Solution

Problem 8
The polynomial is cubic. What is the largest value of for which the polynomials
and are both factors of ?

Solution

Problem 9
In right triangle with right angle , and . Its legs and are extended beyond and
. Points and lie in the exterior of the triangle and are the centers of two circles with equal radii. The circle with center
is tangent to the hypotenuse and to the extension of leg , the circle with center is tangent to the hypotenuse and to
the extension of leg , and the circles are externally tangent to each other. The length of the radius of either circle can be
expressed as , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

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Solution

Problem 10
In a grid ( rows, columns), of the squares are to be shaded so that there are two shaded squares in each row
and three shaded squares in each column. Let be the number of shadings with this property. Find the remainder when is
divided by .

Solution

Problem 11

For each positive integer , let denote the unique positive integer such that . For example,

and . If ﬁnd the remainder when is divided by 1000.

Solution

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Problem 12
In isosceles triangle , is located at the origin and is located at (20,0). Point is in the ﬁrst quadrant with
and angle . If triangle is rotated counterclockwise about point until the image of
lies on the positive -axis, the area of the region common to the original and the rotated triangle is in the form
, where are integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 13
A square pyramid with base and vertex has eight edges of length 4. A plane passes through the midpoints of ,
, and . The plane's intersection with the pyramid has an area that can be expressed as . Find .

Solution

Problem 14
A sequence is deﬁned over non-negative integral indexes in the following way: , .

Find the greatest integer that does not exceed

Solution

Problem 15
Let be an equilateral triangle, and let and be points on sides and , respectively, with and
. Point lies on side such that angle . The area of triangle is . The two
possible values of the length of side are , where and are rational, and is an integer not divisible by the
square of a prime. Find .

Solution

See also
American Invitational Mathematics Examination
AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

[Link] 4/5
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 5/5
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2007 AIME II Problems

2007 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2007)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
A mathematical organization is producing a set of commemorative license plates. Each plate contains a sequence of ﬁve
characters chosen from the four letters in AIME and the four digits in . No character may appear in a sequence more times
than it appears among the four letters in AIME or the four digits in . A set of plates in which each possible sequence appears
exactly once contains N license plates. Find N/10.

Solution

Problem 2
Find the number of ordered triples where , , and are positive integers, is a factor of , is a factor of , and
.

Solution

Problem 3
Square has side length , and points and are exterior to the square such that and
. Find .

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Solution

Problem 4
The workers in a factory produce widgets and whoosits. For each product, production time is constant and identical for all workers,
but not necessarily equal for the two products. In one hour, workers can produce widgets and whoosits. In two
hours, workers can produce widgets and whoosits. In three hours, workers can produce widgets and
whoosits. Find .

Solution

Problem 5
The graph of the equation is drawn on graph paper with each square representing one unit in each
direction. How many of the by graph paper squares have interiors lying entirely below the graph and entirely in the ﬁrst
quadrant?

Solution

Problem 6
An integer is called parity-monotonic if its decimal representation satisﬁes if is odd, and
if is even. How many four-digit parity-monotonic integers are there?

Solution

Problem 7
Given a real number let denote the greatest integer less than or equal to For a certain integer there are exactly
positive integers such that and divides for all
such that

Find the maximum value of for

Solution

Problem 8
A rectangular piece of paper measures 4 units by 5 units. Several lines are drawn parallel to the edges of the paper. A rectangle
determined by the intersections of some of these lines is called basic if

(i) all four sides of the rectangle are segments of drawn line segments, and
(ii) no segments of drawn lines lie inside the rectangle.

Given that the total length of all lines drawn is exactly 2007 units, let be the maximum possible number of basic rectangles
determined. Find the remainder when is divided by 1000.

Solution

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Problem 9
Rectangle is given with and Points and lie on and respectively, such that
The inscribed circle of triangle is tangent to at point and the inscribed circle of triangle
is tangent to at point Find

Solution

Problem 10
Let be a set with six elements. Let be the set of all subsets of Subsets and of , not necessarily distinct, are
chosen independently and at random from . The probability that is contained in at least one of or is where

, , and are positive integers, is prime, and and are relatively prime. Find (The set is the set
of all elements of which are not in )

Solution

Problem 11
Two long cylindrical tubes of the same length but different diameters lie parallel to each other on a ﬂat surface. The larger tube has
radius and rolls along the surface toward the smaller tube, which has radius . It rolls over the smaller tube and continues
rolling along the ﬂat surface until it comes to rest on the same point of its circumference as it started, having made one complete
revolution. If the smaller tube never moves, and the rolling occurs with no slipping, the larger tube ends up a distance from where
it starts. The distance can be expressed in the form where and are integers and is not divisible by the
square of any prime. Find

Solution

Problem 12
The increasing geometric sequence consists entirely of integral powers of Given that

and

ﬁnd

Solution

Problem 13
A triangular array of squares has one square in the ﬁrst row, two in the second, and in general, squares in the th row for
With the exception of the bottom row, each square rests on two squares in the row immediately below (illustrated
in given diagram). In each square of the eleventh row, a or a is placed. Numbers are then placed into the other squares, with the
entry for each square being the sum of the entries in the two squares below it. For how many initial distributions of 's and 's in
the bottom row is the number in the top square a multiple of ?

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Solution

Problem 14
Let be a polynomial with real coeﬃcients such that and for all ,
Find

Solution

Problem 15
Four circles and with the same radius are drawn in the interior of triangle such that is tangent to
sides and , to and , to and , and is externally tangent to and . If the sides

of triangle are and the radius of can be represented in the form , where and are relatively prime
positive integers. Find

Solution

2017 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2017))

Preceded by Followed by
2007 AIME I 2008 AIME I

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2008 AIME I Problems

2008 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2008)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Of the students attending a school party, of the students are girls, and of the students like to dance. After these
students are joined by more boy students, all of whom like to dance, the party is now girls. How many students now at
the party like to dance?

Solution

Problem 2
Square has sides of length units. Isosceles triangle has base , and the area common to triangle
and square is square units. Find the length of the altitude to in .

Solution

Problem 3
Ed and Sue bike at equal and constant rates. Similarly, they jog at equal and constant rates, and they swim at equal and constant
rates. Ed covers kilometers after biking for hours, jogging for hours, and swimming for hours, while Sue covers
kilometers after jogging for hours, swimming for hours, and biking for hours. Their biking, jogging, and swimming rates are
all whole numbers of kilometers per hour. Find the sum of the squares of Ed's biking, jogging, and swimming rates.

Solution

Problem 4

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There exist unique positive integers and that satisfy the equation . Find .

Solution

Problem 5
A right circular cone has base radius and height . The cone lies on its side on a ﬂat table. As the cone rolls on the surface of the
table without slipping, the point where the cone's base meets the table traces a circular arc centered at the point where the vertex
touches the table. The cone ﬁrst returns to its original position on the table after making complete rotations. The value of
can be written in the form , where and are positive integers and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find
.

Solution

Problem 6
A triangular array of numbers has a ﬁrst row consisting of the odd integers in increasing order. Each row below
the ﬁrst has one fewer entry than the row above it, and the bottom row has a single entry. Each entry in any row after the top row
equals the sum of the two entries diagonally above it in the row immediately above it. How many entries in the array are multiples
of ?

Solution

Problem 7
Let be the set of all integers such that . For example, is the set
. How many of the sets do not contain a perfect square?

Solution

Problem 8
Find the positive integer such that

Solution

Problem 9
Ten identical crates each of dimensions ft ft ft. The first crate is placed flat on the floor. Each of the remaining nine

crates is placed, in turn, ﬂat on top of the previous crate, and the orientation of each crate is chosen at random. Let be the
probability that the stack of crates is exactly ft tall, where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 10

Let be an isosceles trapezoid with whose angle at the longer base is . The diagonals have length

, and point is at distances and from vertices and , respectively. Let be the foot of the
altitude from to . The distance can be expressed in the form , where and are positive integers and is
not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 11
Consider sequences that consist entirely of 's and 's and that have the property that every run of consecutive 's has even
length, and every run of consecutive 's has odd length. Examples of such sequences are , , and , while
is not such a sequence. How many such sequences have length 14?

Solution

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Problem 12
On a long straight stretch of one-way single-lane highway, cars all travel at the same speed and all obey the safety rule: the
distance from the back of the car ahead to the front of the car behind is exactly one car length for each 15 kilometers per hour of
speed or fraction thereof (Thus the front of a car traveling 52 kilometers per hour will be four car lengths behind the back of the car
in front of it.) A photoelectric eye by the side of the road counts the number of cars that pass in one hour. Assuming that each car
is 4 meters long and that the cars can travel at any speed, let be the maximum whole number of cars that can pass the
photoelectric eye in one hour. Find the quotient when is divided by 10.

Solution

Problem 13
Let

Suppose that

There is a point for which for all such polynomials, where , , and are positive integers, and

are relatively prime, and . Find .

Solution

Problem 14
Let be a diameter of circle . Extend through to . Point lies on so that line is tangent to . Point is
the foot of the perpendicular from to line . Suppose , and let denote the maximum possible length of
segment . Find .

Solution

Problem 15
A square piece of paper has sides of length . From each corner a wedge is cut in the following manner: at each corner, the two
cuts for the wedge each start at distance from the corner, and they meet on the diagonal at an angle of (see the ﬁgure
below). The paper is then folded up along the lines joining the vertices of adjacent cuts. When the two edges of a cut meet, they
are taped together. The result is a paper tray whose sides are not at right angles to the base. The height of the tray, that is, the
perpendicular distance between the plane of the base and the plane formed by the upper edges, can be written in the form ,
where and are positive integers, , and is not divisible by the th power of any prime. Find .

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Solution

See also
American Invitational Mathematics Examination
AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2008 AIME II Problems

2008 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2008)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Let , where the additions and subtractions
alternate in pairs. Find the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 2
Rudolph bikes at a constant rate and stops for a ﬁve-minute break at the end of every mile. Jennifer bikes at a constant rate which
is three-quarters the rate that Rudolph bikes, but Jennifer takes a ﬁve-minute break at the end of every two miles. Jennifer and
Rudolph begin biking at the same time and arrive at the -mile mark at exactly the same time. How many minutes has it taken
them?

Solution

Problem 3
A block of cheese in the shape of a rectangular solid measures cm by cm by cm. Ten slices are cut from the cheese.
Each slice has a width of cm and is cut parallel to one face of the cheese. The individual slices are not necessarily parallel to
each other. What is the maximum possible volume in cubic cm of the remaining block of cheese after ten slices have been cut off?

Solution

Problem 4

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There exist unique nonnegative integers and integers ( ) with each either or
such that

Find .

Solution

Problem 5
In trapezoid with , let and . Let , , and
and be the midpoints of and , respectively. Find the length .

Solution

Problem 6
The sequence is deﬁned by

The sequence is deﬁned by

Find .

Solution

Problem 7
Let , , and be the three roots of the equation

Find .

Solution

Problem 8
Let . Find the smallest positive integer such that

is an integer.

Solution

Problem 9
A particle is located on the coordinate plane at . Deﬁne a move for the particle as a counterclockwise rotation of
radians about the origin followed by a translation of units in the positive -direction. Given that the particle's position after
moves is , ﬁnd the greatest integer less than or equal to .

Solution

Problem 10
The diagram below shows a rectangular array of points, each of which is unit away from its nearest neighbors.

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Deﬁne a growing path to be a sequence of distinct points of the array with the property that the distance between consecutive
points of the sequence is strictly increasing. Let be the maximum possible number of points in a growing path, and let be the
number of growing paths consisting of exactly points. Find .

Solution

Problem 11
In triangle , , and . Circle has radius and is tangent to and . Circle
is externally tangent to circle and is tangent to and . No point of circle lies outside of . The radius of
circle can be expressed in the form ,where , , and are positive integers and is the product of distinct
primes. Find .

Solution

Problem 12
There are two distinguishable flagpoles, and there are flags, of which are identical blue flags, and are identical green
flags. Let be the number of distinguishable arrangements using all of the flags in which each flagpole has at least one flag and
no two green flags on either pole are adjacent. Find the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 13
A regular hexagon with center at the origin in the complex plane has opposite pairs of sides one unit apart. One pair of sides is

parallel to the imaginary axis. Let be the region outside the hexagon, and let . Then the area of has the

form , where and are positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 14

Let and be positive real numbers with . Let be the maximum possible value of for which the system of equations

has a solution satisfying and . Then can be expressed as a fraction , where and
are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 15
Find the largest integer satisfying the following conditions:

(i) can be expressed as the difference of two consecutive cubes;

(ii) is a perfect square.

Solution

See also
American Invitational Mathematics Examination
AIME Problems and Solutions
[Link] 3/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2009 AIME I Problems

2009 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2009)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Call a -digit number geometric if it has distinct digits which, when read from left to right, form a geometric sequence. Find the
difference between the largest and smallest geometric numbers.

Solution

Problem 2
There is a complex number with imaginary part and a positive integer such that

Find .

Solution

Problem 3

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A coin that comes up heads with probability and tails with probability independently on each ﬂip is ﬂipped

eight times. Suppose the probability of three heads and ﬁve tails is equal to of the probability of ﬁve heads and three tails. Let

, where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 4

In parallelogram , point is on so that and point is on so that .

Let be the point of intersection of and . Find .

Solution

Problem 5
Triangle has and . Points and are located on and respectively so that
, and is the angle bisector of angle . Let be the point of intersection of and , and let be
the point on line for which is the midpoint of . If , ﬁnd .

Solution

Problem 6
How many positive integers less than are there such that the equation has a solution for ? (The notation
denotes the greatest integer that is less than or equal to .)

Solution

Problem 7

The sequence satisﬁes and for . Let be the least integer greater than

for which is an integer. Find .

Solution

Problem 8
Let . Consider all possible positive differences of pairs of elements of . Let be the sum of
all of these differences. Find the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 9
A game show offers a contestant three prizes A, B and C, each of which is worth a whole number of dollars from to
inclusive. The contestant wins the prizes by correctly guessing the price of each prize in the order A, B, C. As a hint, the digits of the
three prices are given. On a particular day, the digits given were . Find the total number of possible guesses
for all three prizes consistent with the hint.

Solution

Problem 10
The Annual Interplanetary Mathematics Examination (AIME) is written by a committee of five Martians, five Venusians, and five
Earthlings. At meetings, committee members sit at a round table with chairs numbered from to in clockwise order.
Committee rules state that a Martian must occupy chair and an Earthling must occupy chair . Furthermore, no Earthling can
sit immediately to the left of a Martian, no Martian can sit immediately to the left of a Venusian, and no Venusian can sit
immediately to the left of an Earthling. The number of possible seating arrangements for the committee is . Find .

Solution

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Problem 11
Consider the set of all triangles where is the origin and and are distinct points in the plane with nonnegative
integer coordinates such that . Find the number of such distinct triangles whose area is a positive
integer.

Solution

Problem 12
In right with hypotenuse , , , and is the altitude to . Let be the circle having
as a diameter. Let be a point outside such that and are both tangent to circle . The ratio of the

perimeter of to the length can be expressed in the form , where and are relatively prime positive integers.
Find .

Solution

Problem 13

The terms of the sequence deﬁned by for are positive integers. Find the minimum

possible value of .

Solution

Problem 14

For , deﬁne , where . If and , ﬁnd the minimum

possible value for .

Solution

Problem 15
In triangle , , , and . Let be a point in the interior of . Let and denote
the incenters of triangles and , respectively. The circumcircles of triangles and meet at distinct
points and . The maximum possible area of can be expressed in the form , where , , and are
positive integers and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

See also
American Invitational Mathematics Examination
AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 3/3
5/3/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2009 AIME II Problems

2009 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2009)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Before starting to paint, Bill had ounces of blue paint, ounces of red paint, and ounces of white paint. Bill painted
four equally sized stripes on a wall, making a blue stripe, a red stripe, a white stripe, and a pink stripe. Pink is a mixture of red and
white, not necessarily in equal amounts. When Bill ﬁnished, he had equal amounts of blue, red, and white paint left. Find the total
number of ounces of paint Bill had left.

Solution

Problem 2
Suppose that , , and are positive real numbers such that , , and . Find

Solution

Problem 3
In rectangle , . Let be the midpoint of . Given that line and line are perpendicular, ﬁnd
the greatest integer less than .

Solution

Problem 4
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A group of children held a grape-eating contest. When the contest was over, the winner had eaten grapes, and the child in -th
place had eaten grapes. The total number of grapes eaten in the contest was . Find the smallest possible
value of .

Solution

Problem 5
Equilateral triangle is inscribed in circle , which has radius . Circle with radius is internally tangent to circle at one
vertex of . Circles and , both with radius , are internally tangent to circle at the other two vertices of . Circles , ,
and are all externally tangent to circle , which has radius , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find
.

Solution

Problem 6
Let be the number of five-element subsets that can be chosen from the set of the first natural numbers so that at least two
of the five numbers are consecutive. Find the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 7
Deﬁne to be for odd and for even. When

is expressed as a fraction in lowest terms, its denominator is with odd. Find .

Solution

Problem 8
Dave rolls a fair six-sided die until a six appears for the ﬁrst time. Independently, Linda rolls a fair six-sided die until a six appears

for the ﬁrst time. Let and be relatively prime positive integers such that is the probability that the number of times Dave
rolls his die is equal to or within one of the number of times Linda rolls her die. Find .

Solution

Problem 9
Let be the number of solutions in positive integers to the equation , and let be the number of
solutions in positive integers to the equation . Find the remainder when is divided by
.

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Solution

Problem 10
Four lighthouses are located at points , , , and . The lighthouse at is kilometers from the lighthouse at , the
lighthouse at is kilometers from the lighthouse at , and the lighthouse at is kilometers from the lighthouse at .
To an observer at , the angle determined by the lights at and and the angle determined by the lights at and are
equal. To an observer at , the angle determined by the lights at and and the angle determined by the lights at and

are equal. The number of kilometers from to is given by , where , , and are relatively prime positive integers, and

is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 11
For certain pairs of positive integers with there are exactly distinct positive integers such that
. Find the sum of all possible values of the product .

Solution

Problem 12
From the set of integers , choose pairs with so that no two pairs have a common
element. Suppose that all the sums are distinct and less than or equal to . Find the maximum possible value of .

Solution

Problem 13
Let and be the endpoints of a semicircular arc of radius . The arc is divided into seven congruent arcs by six equally spaced
points . All chords of the form or are drawn. Let be the product of the lengths of these twelve
chords. Find the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 14

The sequence satisﬁes and for . Find the greatest integer less than
or equal to .

Solution

Problem 15
Let be a diameter of a circle with diameter . Let and be points on one of the semicircular arcs determined by

such that is the midpoint of the semicircle and . Point lies on the other semicircular arc. Let be the length of

the line segment whose endpoints are the intersections of diameter with the chords and . The largest possible
value of can be written in the form , where , , and are positive integers and is not divisible by the square of any
prime. Find .

Solution

See also
American Invitational Mathematics Examination
AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

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The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

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2010 AIME I Problems

2010 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2010)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Maya lists all the positive divisors of . She then randomly selects two distinct divisors from this list. Let be the probability

that exactly one of the selected divisors is a perfect square. The probability can be expressed in the form , where and
are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 2
Find the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 3

Suppose that and . The quantity can be expressed as a rational number , where and are

relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 4
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Jackie and Phil have two fair coins and a third coin that comes up heads with probability . Jackie ﬂips the three coins, and then

Phil ﬂips the three coins. Let be the probability that Jackie gets the same number of heads as Phil, where and are
relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 5
Positive integers , , , and satisfy , , and
. Find the number of possible values of .

Solution

Problem 6
Let be a quadratic polynomial with real coeﬃcients satisfying for all
real numbers , and suppose . Find .

Solution

Problem 7
Deﬁne an ordered triple of sets to be if
and . For example, is a
minimally intersecting triple. Let be the number of minimally intersecting ordered triples of sets for which each set is a subset
of . Find the remainder when is divided by .

Note: represents the number of elements in the set .

Solution

Problem 8
For a real number , let denote the greatest integer less than or equal to . Let denote the region in the coordinate plane
consisting of points such that . The region is completely contained in a disk of radius (a disk

is the union of a circle and its interior). The minimum value of can be written as , where and are integers and is
not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 9
Let be a real solution of the system of equations , , . The

greatest possible value of can be written in the form , where and are relatively prime positive integers.
Find .

Solution

Problem 10
Let be the number of ways to write in the form , where the 's
are integers, and . An example of such a representation is .
Find .

Solution

Problem 11

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Let be the region consisting of the set of points in the coordinate plane that satisfy both and
. When is revolved around the line whose equation is , the volume of the resulting solid is

, where , , and are positive integers, and are relatively prime, and is not divisible by the square of any prime.

Find .

Solution

Problem 12
Let be an integer and let . Find the smallest value of such that for every partition of
into two subsets, at least one of the subsets contains integers , , and (not necessarily distinct) such that .

Note: a partition of is a pair of sets , such that , .

Solution

Problem 13
Rectangle and a semicircle with diameter are coplanar and have nonoverlapping interiors. Let denote the
region enclosed by the semicircle and the rectangle. Line meets the semicircle, segment , and segment at distinct
points , , and , respectively. Line divides region into two regions with areas in the ratio . Suppose that
, , and . Then can be represented as , where and are positive
integers and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 14

For each positive integer n, let . Find the largest value of n for which .

Note: is the greatest integer less than or equal to .

Solution

Problem 15
In with , , and , let be a point on such that the incircles of

and have equal radii. Let and be positive relatively prime integers such that . Find .

Solution

See also
American Invitational Mathematics Examination
AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 3/3
5/2/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2010 AIME II Problems

2010 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2010)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Let be the greatest integer multiple of all of whose digits are even and no two of whose digits are the same. Find the
remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 2
A point is chosen at random in the interior of a unit square . Let denote the distance from to the closest side of .

The probability that is equal to , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 3
Let be the product of all factors (not necessarily distinct) where and are integers satisfying
. Find the greatest positive integer such that divides .

Solution

Problem 4

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Dave arrives at an airport which has twelve gates arranged in a straight line with exactly feet between adjacent gates. His
departure gate is assigned at random. After waiting at that gate, Dave is told the departure gate has been changed to a different
gate, again at random. Let the probability that Dave walks feet or less to the new gate be a fraction , where and are
relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 5
Positive numbers , , and satisfy and . Find

Solution

Problem 6
Find the smallest positive integer with the property that the polynomial can be written as a product of two
nonconstant polynomials with integer coeﬃcients.

Solution

Problem 7
Let , where , , and are real. There exists a complex number such that the three roots of
are , , and , where . Find .

Solution

Problem 8
Let be the number of ordered pairs of nonempty sets and that have the following properties:

,
,
The number of elements of is not an element of ,
The number of elements of is not an element of .

Find .

Solution

Problem 9
Let be a regular hexagon. Let , , , , , and be the midpoints of sides , , , , ,
and , respectively. The segments , , , , , and bound a smaller regular hexagon. Let the ratio of

the area of the smaller hexagon to the area of be expressed as a fraction where and are relatively prime
positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 10
Find the number of second-degree polynomials with integer coeﬃcients and integer zeros for which .

Solution

Problem 11
Deﬁne a T-grid to be a matrix which satisﬁes the following two properties:

1. Exactly ﬁve of the entries are 's, and the remaining four entries are 's.
2. Among the eight rows, columns, and long diagonals (the long diagonals are and ,
no more than one of the eight has all three entries equal.

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Find the number of distinct T-grids.

Solution

Problem 12
Two noncongruent integer-sided isosceles triangles have the same perimeter and the same area. The ratio of the lengths of the
bases of the two triangles is . Find the minimum possible value of their common perimeter.

Solution

Problem 13
The cards in a deck are numbered . Alex, Blair, Corey, and Dylan each pick a card from the deck randomly and
without replacement. The two people with lower numbered cards form a team, and the two people with higher numbered cards
form another team. Let be the probability that Alex and Dylan are on the same team, given that Alex picks one of the cards

and , and Dylan picks the other of these two cards. The minimum value of for which can be written as

, where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 14
Triangle with right angle at , and . Point on is chosen such that

and . The ratio can be represented in the form , where , , are positive
integers and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 15
In triangle , , , and . Points and lie on with and
. Points and lie on with and . Let be the point,

other than , of intersection of the circumcircles of and . Ray meets at . The ratio can

be written in the form , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

See also
American Invitational Mathematics Examination
AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

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5/2/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2011 AIME I Problems

2011 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2011)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Jar A contains four liters of a solution that is acid. Jar B contains ﬁve liters of a solution that is acid. Jar C contains
one liter of a solution that is acid. From jar C, liters of the solution is added to jar A, and the remainder of the solution in jar

C is added to jar B. At the end both jar A and jar B contain solutions that are acid. Given that and are relatively prime
positive integers, ﬁnd .

Solution

Problem 2
In rectangle , and . Points and lie inside rectangle so that ,
, , , and line intersects segment . The length can be expressed in the form
, where , , and are positive integers and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 3

Let be the line with slope that contains the point , and let be the line perpendicular to line that

contains the point . The original coordinate axes are erased, and line is made the -axis and line the -axis.
In the new coordinate system, point is on the positive -axis, and point is on the positive -axis. The point with
coordinates in the original system has coordinates in the new coordinate system. Find .
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Solution

Problem 4
In triangle , , , and . The angle bisector of angle intersects at point ,
and the angle bisector of angle intersects at point . Let and be the feet of the perpendiculars from to
and , respectively. Find .

Solution

Problem 5
The vertices of a regular nonagon (9-sided polygon) are to be labeled with the digits 1 through 9 in such a way that the sum of the
numbers on every three consecutive vertices is a multiple of 3. Two acceptable arrangements are considered to be
indistinguishable if one can be obtained from the other by rotating the nonagon in the plane. Find the number of distinguishable
acceptable arrangements.

Solution

Problem 6

Suppose that a parabola has vertex and equation , where and is an

integer. The minimum possible value of can be written in the form , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 7
Find the number of positive integers for which there exist nonnegative integers , , , such that

Solution

Problem 8
In triangle , , , and . Points and are on with on , points and
are on with on , and points and are on with on . In addition, the points are positioned so that
, , and . Right angle folds are then made along , , and . The resulting
ﬁgure is placed on a level ﬂoor to make a table with triangular legs. Let be the maximum possible height of a table constructed

from triangle whose top is parallel to the ﬂoor. Then can be written in the form , where and are relatively

prime positive integers and is a positive integer that is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

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Problem 9

Suppose is in the interval and . Find .

Solution

Problem 10
The probability that a set of three distinct vertices chosen at random from among the vertices of a regular -gon determine an

obtuse triangle is . Find the sum of all possible values of .

Solution

Problem 11
Let be the set of all possible remainders when a number of the form , a nonnegative integer, is divided by 1000. Let be
the sum of the elements in . Find the remainder when is divided by 1000.

Solution

Problem 12
Six men and some number of women stand in a line in random order. Let be the probability that a group of at least four men
stand together in the line, given that every man stands next to at least one other man. Find the least number of women in the line
such that does not exceed 1 percent.

Solution

Problem 13
A cube with side length 10 is suspended above a plane. The vertex closest to the plane is labeled . The three vertices adjacent to

vertex are at heights 10, 11, and 12 above the plane. The distance from vertex to the plane can be expressed as ,

where , , and are positive integers and . Find .

Solution

Problem 14
Let be a regular octagon. Let , , , and be the midpoints of sides , ,
, and , respectively. For , ray is constructed from towards the interior of the octagon such
that , , , and . Pairs of rays and , and , and , and and
meet at , , , respectively. If , then can be written in the form
, where and are positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 15
For some integer , the polynomial has the three integer roots , , and . Find .

Solution

See also
American Invitational Mathematics Examination
AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

[Link] 3/4
5/2/2020 Art of Problem Solving
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/2/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2011 AIME II Problems

2011 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2011)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Gary purchased a large beverage, but only drank of it, where and are relatively prime positive integers. If he had
purchased half as much and drunk twice as much, he would have wasted only as much beverage. Find .

Solution

Problem 2
On square , point lies on side and point lies on side , so that . Find the
area of the square .

Solution

Problem 3
The degree measures of the angles in a convex 18-sided polygon form an increasing arithmetic sequence with integer values. Find
the degree measure of the smallest angle.

Solution

Problem 4

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In triangle , . The angle bisector of angle intersects at point , and point is the midpoint of

. Let be the point of intersection of and the line . The ratio of to can be expressed in the form ,
where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 5
The sum of the first terms of a geometric sequence is . The sum of the first terms is . Find the sum of the
first terms.

Solution

Problem 6
Deﬁne an ordered quadruple of integers as interesting if , and .
How many interesting ordered quadruples are there?

Solution

Problem 7
Ed has ﬁve identical green marbles, and a large supply of identical red marbles. He arranges the green marbles and some of the
red ones in a row and ﬁnds that the number of marbles whose right hand neighbor is the same color as themselves is equal to the
number of marbles whose right hand neighbor is the other color. An example of such an arrangement is GGRRRGGRG. Let be
the maximum number of red marbles for which such an arrangement is possible, and let be the number of ways he can arrange
the marbles to satisfy the requirement. Find the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 8
Let be the 12 zeroes of the polynomial . For each , let be one of or . Then the

maximum possible value of the real part of can be written as where and are positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 9
Let , , , be nonnegative real numbers such that , and
. Let and be positive relatively prime integers such that is the maximum possible value of

. Find .

Solution

Problem 10
A circle with center has radius 25. Chord of length 30 and chord of length 14 intersect at point . The distance
between the midpoints of the two chords is 12. The quantity can be represented as , where and are relatively prime
positive integers. Find the remainder when is divided by 1000.

Solution

Problem 11

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Let be the matrix with entries as follows: for , ; for ,

; all other entries in are zero. Let be the determinant of matrix . Then

can be represented as , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Note: The determinant of the matrix is , and the determinant of the matrix ; for

, the determinant of an matrix with ﬁrst row or ﬁrst column is equal to

, where is the determinant of the matrix
formed by eliminating the row and column containing .

Solution

Problem 12
Nine delegates, three each from three different countries, randomly select chairs at a round table that seats nine people. Let the
probability that each delegate sits next to at least one delegate from another country be , where and are relatively prime
positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 13
Point lies on the diagonal of square with . Let and be the circumcenters of triangles
and , respectively. Given that and , then , where and
are positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 14
There are permutations of such that for , divides
for all integers with . Find the remainder when is divided by 1000.

Solution

Problem 15
Let . A real number is chosen at random from the interval . The probability that

is equal to , where , , , , and are positive integers. Find

Solution

See also
American Invitational Mathematics Examination
AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

[Link] 3/4
5/2/2020 Art of Problem Solving
Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/2/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2012 AIME I Problems

2012 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2012)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Find the number of positive integers with three not necessarily distinct digits, , with and such that both
and are multiples of .

Solution

Problem 2
The terms of an arithmetic sequence add to . The ﬁrst term of the sequence is increased by , the second term is increased
by , the third term is increased by , and in general, the th term is increased by the th odd positive integer. The terms of the
new sequence add to . Find the sum of the ﬁrst, last, and middle term of the original sequence.

Solution

Problem 3
Nine people sit down for dinner where there are three choices of meals. Three people order the beef meal, three order the chicken
meal, and three order the ﬁsh meal. The waiter serves the nine meals in random order. Find the number of ways in which the waiter
could serve the meal types to the nine people so that exactly one person receives the type of meal ordered by that person.

Solution

Problem 4
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Butch and Sundance need to get out of Dodge. To travel as quickly as possible, each alternates walking and riding their only horse,
Sparky, as follows. Butch begins by walking while Sundance rides. When Sundance reaches the ﬁrst of the hitching posts that are
conveniently located at one-mile intervals along their route, he ties Sparky to the post and begins walking. When Butch reaches
Sparky, he rides until he passes Sundance, then leaves Sparky at the next hitching post and resumes walking, and they continue in
this manner. Sparky, Butch, and Sundance walk at and miles per hour, respectively. The ﬁrst time Butch and Sundance
meet at a milepost, they are miles from Dodge, and they have been traveling for minutes. Find .

Solution

Problem 5
Let be the set of all binary integers that can be written using exactly zeros and ones where leading zeros are allowed. If all
possible subtractions are performed in which one element of is subtracted from another, ﬁnd the number of times the answer
is obtained.

Solution

Problem 6

The complex numbers and satisfy and the imaginary part of is , for relatively prime
positive integers and with Find

Solution

Problem 7
At each of the sixteen circles in the network below stands a student. A total of coins are distributed among the sixteen
students. All at once, all students give away all their coins by passing an equal number of coins to each of their neighbors in the
network. After the trade, all students have the same number of coins as they started with. Find the number of coins the student
standing at the center circle had originally.

Solution

Problem 8
Cube labeled as shown below, has edge length and is cut by a plane passing through vertex and the
midpoints and of and respectively. The plane divides the cube into two solids. The volume of the larger of the
two solids can be written in the form where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

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Solution

Problem 9
Let and be positive real numbers that satisfy

The value of can be expressed in the form where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 10
Let be the set of all perfect squares whose rightmost three digits in base are . Let be the set of all numbers of the

form , where is in . In other words, is the set of numbers that result when the last three digits of each number in

are truncated. Find the remainder when the tenth smallest element of is divided by .

Solution

Problem 11
A frog begins at and makes a sequence of jumps according to the following rule: from the
frog jumps to which may be any of the points or
There are points with that can be reached by a sequence of such
jumps. Find the remainder when is divided by

Solution

Problem 12
Let be a right triangle with right angle at Let and be points on with between and such that

and trisect If then can be written as where and are relatively prime
positive integers, and is a positive integer not divisible by the square of any prime. Find

Solution

Problem 13

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Three concentric circles have radii and An equilateral triangle with one vertex on each circle has side length The largest
possible area of the triangle can be written as where and are positive integers, and are relatively prime,
and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find

Solution

Problem 14
Complex numbers and are zeros of a polynomial and The
points corresponding to and in the complex plane are the vertices of a right triangle with hypotenuse Find

Solution

Problem 15
There are mathematicians seated around a circular table with seats numbered in clockwise order. After a
break they again sit around the table. The mathematicians note that there is a positive integer such that

( ) for each the mathematician who was seated in seat before the break is seated in seat after the break (where
seat is seat );

( ) for every pair of mathematicians, the number of mathematicians sitting between them after the break, counting in both
the clockwise and the counterclockwise directions, is different from either of the number of mathematicians sitting
between them before the break.

Find the number of possible values of with

Solution

See also
American Invitational Mathematics Examination
AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/2/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2012 AIME II Problems

2012 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2012)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Find the number of ordered pairs of positive integer solutions to the equation .

Solution

Problem 2
Two geometric sequences and have the same common ratio, with , , and
. Find .

Solution

Problem 3
At a certain university, the division of mathematical sciences consists of the departments of mathematics, statistics, and
computer science. There are two male and two female professors in each department. A committee of six professors is to contain
three men and three women and must also contain two professors from each of the three departments. Find the number of
possible committees that can be formed subject to these requirements.

Solution

Problem 4
Ana, Bob, and Cao bike at constant rates of meters per second, meters per second, and meters per second,
respectively. They all begin biking at the same time from the northeast corner of a rectangular field whose longer side runs due
west. Ana starts biking along the edge of the field, initially heading west, Bob starts biking along the edge of the field, initially
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heading south, and Cao bikes in a straight line across the field to a point on the south edge of the field. Cao arrives at point
at the same time that Ana and Bob arrive at for the first time. The ratio of the field's length to the field's width to the distance
from point to the southeast corner of the field can be represented as , where , , and are positive integers with
and relatively prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 5
In the accompanying figure, the outer square has side length . A second square of side length is constructed inside
with the same center as and with sides parallel to those of . From each midpoint of a side of , segments are drawn to the
two closest vertices of . The result is a four-pointed starlike figure inscribed in . The star figure is cut out and then folded to
form a pyramid with base . Find the volume of this pyramid.

Solution

Problem 6
Let be the complex number with and such that the distance between and is
maximized, and let . Find .

Solution

Problem 7
Let be the increasing sequence of positive integers whose binary representation has exactly ones. Let be the 1000th
number in . Find the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 8
The complex numbers and satisfy the system

Find the smallest possible value of .

Solution

Problem 9

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Let and be real numbers such that and . The value of can be expressed in

the form , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 10
Find the number of positive integers less than for which there exists a positive real number such that .

Note: is the greatest integer less than or equal to .

Solution

Problem 11

Let , and for , deﬁne . The value of that satisﬁes

can be expressed in the form , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 12
For a positive integer , deﬁne the positive integer to be -safe if differs in absolute value by more than from all multiples
of . For example, the set of -safe numbers is . Find the number of
positive integers less than or equal to which are simultaneously -safe, -safe, and -safe.

Solution

Problem 13
Equilateral has side length . There are four distinct triangles , , , and ,

each congruent to , with . Find .

Solution

Problem 14
In a group of nine people each person shakes hands with exactly two of the other people from the group. Let be the number of
ways this handshaking can occur. Consider two handshaking arrangements different if and only if at least two people who shake
hands under one arrangement do not shake hands under the other arrangement. Find the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 15
Triangle is inscribed in circle with , , and . The bisector of angle meets side
at and circle at a second point . Let be the circle with diameter . Circles and meet at and a second point
. Then , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

See also
American Invitational Mathematics Examination
AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

[Link] 3/4
5/2/2020 Art of Problem Solving
The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/2/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2013 AIME I Problems

2013 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2013)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
The AIME Triathlon consists of a half-mile swim, a 30-mile bicycle ride, and an eight-mile run. Tom swims, bicycles, and runs at
constant rates. He runs ﬁves times as fast as he swims, and he bicycles twice as fast as he runs. Tom completes the AIME
Triathlon in four and a quarter hours. How many minutes does he spend bicycling?

Solution

Problem 2
Find the number of ﬁve-digit positive integers, , that satisfy the following conditions:

(a) the number is divisible by

(b) the ﬁrst and last digits of are equal, and

(c) the sum of the digits of is divisible by

Solution

Problem 3
Let be a square, and let and be points on and respectively. The line through parallel to and
the line through parallel to divide into two squares and two nonsquare rectangles. The sum of the areas of the

two squares is of the area of square Find

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Solution

Problem 4
In the array of squares shown below, squares are colored red, and the remaining squares are colored blue. If one of all
possible such colorings is chosen at random, the probability that the chosen colored array appears the same when rotated

around the central square is , where is a positive integer. Find .

Solution

Problem 5

The real root of the equation can be written in the form , where , , and

are positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 6
Melinda has three empty boxes and textbooks, three of which are mathematics textbooks. One box will hold any three of her
textbooks, one will hold any four of her textbooks, and one will hold any ﬁve of her textbooks. If Melinda packs her textbooks into
these boxes in random order, the probability that all three mathematics textbooks end up in the same box can be written as ,
where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 7

A rectangular box has width inches, length inches, and height inches, where and are relatively prime positive
integers. Three faces of the box meet at a corner of the box. The center points of those three faces are the vertices of a triangle
with an area of square inches. Find .

Solution

Problem 8

The domain of the function is a closed interval of length , where and are positive

integers and . Find the remainder when the smallest possible sum is divided by 1000.

Solution

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Problem 9
A paper equilateral triangle has side length . The paper triangle is folded so that vertex touches a point on side

a distance from point . The length of the line segment along which the triangle is folded can be written as , where ,
, and are positive integers, and are relatively prime, and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 10
There are nonzero integers , , , and such that the complex number is a zero of the polynomial
. For each possible combination of and , let be the sum of the zeros of .
Find the sum of the 's for all possible combinations of and .

Solution

Problem 11
Ms. Math's kindergarten class has 16 registered students. The classroom has a very large number, N, of play blocks which satisﬁes
the conditions:

(a) If 16, 15, or 14 students are present in the class, then in each case all the blocks can be distributed in equal numbers to each
student, and

(b) There are three integers such that when , , or students are present and the blocks are
distributed in equal numbers to each student, there are exactly three blocks left over.

Find the sum of the distinct prime divisors of the least possible value of N satisfying the above conditions.

Solution

Problem 12
Let be a triangle with and . A regular hexagon with side length 1 is drawn
inside so that side lies on , side lies on , and one of the remaining vertices lies on . There

are positive integers and such that the area of can be expressed in the form , where and are

relatively prime, and c is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 13
Triangle has side lengths , , and . For each positive integer , points
and are located on and , respectively, creating three similar triangles
. The area of the union of all triangles for
can be expressed as , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

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Solution

Problem 14
For , let

and

so that . Then where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 15
Let be the number of ordered triples of integers satisfying the conditions (a) , (b)
there exist integers , , and , and prime where , (c) divides , , and , and
(d) each ordered triple and each ordered triple form arithmetic sequences. Find .

Solution

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Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

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2013 AIME II Problems

2013 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2013)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Suppose that the measurement of time during the day is converted to the metric system so that each day has metric hours,
and each metric hour has metric minutes. Digital clocks would then be produced that would read just before midnight,
at midnight, at the former AM, and at the former PM. After the conversion, a person who wanted to
wake up at the equivalent of the former AM would set his new digital alarm clock for , where , , and are digits.
Find .

Solution

Problem 2
Positive integers and satisfy the condition

Find the sum of all possible values of .

Solution

Problem 3
A large candle is centimeters tall. It is designed to burn down more quickly when it is first lit and more slowly as it approaches
its bottom. Specifically, the candle takes seconds to burn down the first centimeter from the top, seconds to burn down the
second centimeter, and seconds to burn down the -th centimeter. Suppose it takes seconds for the candle to burn down
completely. Then seconds after it is lit, the candle's height in centimeters will be . Find .

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Solution

Problem 4

In the Cartesian plane let and . Equilateral triangle is constructed so that lies in the

ﬁrst quadrant. Let be the center of . Then can be written as , where and are relatively
prime positive integers and is an integer that is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 5

In equilateral let points and trisect . Then can be expressed in the form , where

and are relatively prime positive integers, and is an integer that is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 6
Find the least positive integer such that the set of consecutive integers beginning with contains no square
of an integer.

Solution

Problem 7
A group of clerks is assigned the task of sorting files. Each clerk sorts at a constant rate of files per hour. At the end of
the first hour, some of the clerks are reassigned to another task; at the end of the second hour, the same number of the remaining
clerks are also reassigned to another task, and a similar assignment occurs at the end of the third hour. The group finishes the
sorting in hours and minutes. Find the number of files sorted during the first one and a half hours of sorting.

Solution

Problem 8
A hexagon that is inscribed in a circle has side lengths , , , , , and in that order. The radius of the circle can be
written as , where and are positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 9
A board is completely covered by tiles without overlap; each tile may cover any number of consecutive squares,
and each tile lies completely on the board. Each tile is either red, blue, or green. Let be the number of tilings of the
board in which all three colors are used at least once. For example, a red tile followed by a green tile, a
green tile, a blue tile, and a green tile is a valid tiling. Note that if the blue tile is replaced by two blue
tiles, this results in a different tiling. Find the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 10
Given a circle of radius , let be a point at a distance from the center of the circle. Let be the point on the
circle nearest to point . A line passing through the point intersects the circle at points and . The maximum possible area

for can be written in the form , where , , , and are positive integers, and are relatively prime, and

is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 11
Let , and let be the number of functions from set to set such that is a
constant function. Find the remainder when is divided by .

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Solution

Problem 12
Let be the set of all polynomials of the form , where , , and are integers. Find the number of
polynomials in such that each of its roots satisﬁes either or .

Solution

Problem 13
In , , and point is on so that . Let be the midpoint of . Given that
and , the area of can be expressed in the form , where and are positive integers
and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 14
For positive integers and , let be the remainder when is divided by , and for let

. Find the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 15
Let be angles of an acute triangle with

There are positive integers , , , and for which

where and are relatively prime and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

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Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

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2014 AIME I Problems

2014 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2014)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
The 8 eyelets for the lace of a sneaker all lie on a rectangle, four equally spaced on each of the longer sides. The rectangle has a
width of 50 mm and a length of 80 mm. There is one eyelet at each vertex of the rectangle. The lace itself must pass between the
vertex eyelets along a width side of the rectangle and then crisscross between successive eyelets until it reaches the two eyelets
at the other width side of the rectangle as shown. After passing through these ﬁnal eyelets, each of the ends of the lace must
extend at least 200 mm farther to allow a knot to be tied. Find the minimum length of the lace in millimeters.

Solution

Problem 2
An urn contains green balls and blue balls. A second urn contains green balls and blue balls. A single ball is drawn at
random from each urn. The probability that both balls are of the same color is . Find .

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Solution

Problem 3
Find the number of rational numbers , such that when is written as a fraction in lowest terms, the numerator and
the denominator have a sum of .

Solution

Problem 4
Jon and Steve ride their bicycles along a path that parallels two side-by-side train tracks running the east/west direction. Jon rides
east at miles per hour, and Steve rides west at miles per hour. Two trains of equal length, traveling in opposite directions at
constant but different speeds each pass the two riders. Each train takes exactly minute to go past Jon. The westbound train
takes times as long as the eastbound train to go past Steve. The length of each train is , where and are relatively prime
positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 5
Let the set consist of the twelve vertices of a regular -gon. A subset of is called communal
if there is a circle such that all points of are inside the circle, and all points of not in are outside of the circle. How many
communal subsets are there? (Note that the empty set is a communal subset.)

Solution

Problem 6
The graphs and have y-intercepts of and , respectively, and each
graph has two positive integer x-intercepts. Find .

Solution

Problem 7
Let and be complex numbers such that and . Let . The maximum possible value of
can be written as , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find . (Note that , for w ,
denotes the measure of the angle that the ray from to makes with the positive real axis in the complex plane.

Solution

Problem 8
The positive integers and both end in the same sequence of four digits when written in base 10, where digit is not
zero. Find the three-digit number .

Solution

Problem 9

Let be the three real roots of the equation . Find .

Solution

Problem 10
A disk with radius is externally tangent to a disk with radius . Let be the point where the disks are tangent, be the center
of the smaller disk, and be the center of the larger disk. While the larger disk remains ﬁxed, the smaller disk is allowed to roll
along the outside of the larger disk until the smaller disk has turned through an angle of . That is, if the center of the smaller
disk has moved to the point , and the point on the smaller disk that began at has now moved to point , then is parallel
to . Then , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 11
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A token starts at the point of an -coordinate grid and then makes a sequence of six moves. Each move is 1 unit in a
direction parallel to one of the coordinate axes. Each move is selected randomly from the four possible directions and
independently of the other moves. The probability the token ends at a point on the graph of is , where and are
relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 12
Let , and and be randomly chosen (not necessarily distinct) functions from to . The probability that
the range of and the range of are disjoint is , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 13
On square , points , and lie on sides and respectively, so that
and . Segments and intersect at a point , and the areas of the quadrilaterals
and are in the ratio Find the area of square
.

Solution

Problem 14
Let be the largest real solution to the equation

There are positive integers and such that . Find .

Solution

Problem 15
In and . Circle intersects at and at and and at

and . Given that and length where and are relatively prime positive

integers, and is a positive integer not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

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The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

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5/2/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2014 AIME II Problems

2014 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2014)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Abe can paint the room in 15 hours, Bea can paint 50 percent faster than Abe, and Coe can paint twice as fast as Abe. Abe begins
to paint the room and works alone for the ﬁrst hour and a half. Then Bea joins Abe, and they work together until half the room is
painted. Then Coe joins Abe and Bea, and they work together until the entire room is painted. Find the number of minutes after Abe
begins for the three of them to ﬁnish painting the room.

Solution

Problem 2
Arnold is studying the prevalence of three health risk factors, denoted by A, B, and C, within a population of men. For each of the
three factors, the probability that a randomly selected man in the population has only this risk factor (and none of the others) is
0.1. For any two of the three factors, the probability that a randomly selected man has exactly these two risk factors (but not the

third) is 0.14. The probability that a randomly selected man has all three risk factors, given that he has A and B is . The probability

that a man has none of the three risk factors given that he does not have risk factor A is , where and are relatively prime

positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 3
A rectangle has sides of length and 36. A hinge is installed at each vertex of the rectangle, and at the midpoint of each side of
length 36. The sides of length can be pressed toward each other keeping those two sides parallel so the rectangle becomes a
convex hexagon as shown. When the ﬁgure is a hexagon with the sides of length parallel and separated by a distance of 24, the

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hexagon has the same area as the original rectangle. Find .

Solution

Problem 4
The repeating decimals and satisfy

where , , and are (not necessarily distinct) digits. Find the three digit number .

Solution

Problem 5
Real numbers and are roots of , and and are roots of
. Find the sum of all possible values of .

Solution

Problem 6

Charles has two six-sided dice. One of the die is fair, and the other die is biased so that it comes up six with probability and each

of the other ﬁve sides has probability . Charles chooses one of the two dice at random and rolls it three times. Given that the

ﬁrst two rolls are both sixes, the probability that the third roll will also be a six is , where and are relatively prime positive

integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 7

Let . Find the sum of all positive integers for which

Solution

Problem 8
Circle with radius 2 has diameter . Circle is internally tangent to circle at . Circle is internally tangent to circle
, externally tangent to circle , and tangent to . The radius of circle is three times the radius of circle , and can be
written in the form , where and are positive integers. Find .

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Solution

Problem 9
Ten chairs are arranged in a circle. Find the number of subsets of this set of chairs that contain at least three adjacent chairs.

Solution

Problem 10
Let be a complex number with . Let be the polygon in the complex plane whose vertices are and every

such that . Then the area enclosed by can be written in the form , where is an integer. Find the

remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 11
In , and . . Let be the midpoint of segment . Point lies
on side such that . Extend segment through to point such that . Then

, where and are relatively prime positive integers, and is a positive integer. Find .

Solution

Problem 12
Suppose that the angles of satisfy . Two sides of the triangle have
lengths 10 and 13. There is a positive integer so that the maximum possible length for the remaining side of is
. Find .

Solution

Problem 13
Ten adults enter a room, remove their shoes, and toss their shoes into a pile. Later, a child randomly pairs each left shoe with a
right shoe without regard to which shoes belong together. The probability that for every positive integer , no collection of
pairs made by the child contains the shoes from exactly of the adults is , where and are relatively prime positive
integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 14
In , , , and . Let , , and be points on line such that
, , and . Point is the midpoint of segment , and point is on
ray such that . Then , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 15
For any integer , let be the smallest prime which does not divide . Deﬁne the integer function to be the
product of all primes less than if , and if . Let be the sequence deﬁned by
, and for . Find the smallest positive integer such that .

Solution

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2014 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2014))

Preceded by Followed by
2014 AIME I 2015 AIME I

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/2/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2015 AIME I Problems

2015 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2015)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
The expressions = and =
are obtained by writing multiplication and addition operators in an
alternating pattern between successive integers. Find the positive difference between integers and .

Solution

Problem 2
The nine delegates to the Economic Cooperation Conference include officials from Mexico, officials from Canada, and
officials from the United States. During the opening session, three of the delegates fall asleep. Assuming that the three sleepers

were determined randomly, the probability that exactly two of the sleepers are from the same country is , where and are
relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 3
There is a prime number such that is the cube of a positive integer. Find .

Solution

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Problem 4
Point lies on line segment with and . Points and lie on the same side of line forming
equilateral triangles and . Let be the midpoint of , and be the midpoint of . The area of
is . Find .

Solution

Problem 5
In a drawer Sandy has pairs of socks, each pair a different color. On Monday, Sandy selects two individual socks at random from
the socks in the drawer. On Tuesday Sandy selects of the remaining socks at random, and on Wednesday two of the
remaining socks at random. The probability that Wednesday is the ﬁrst day Sandy selects matching socks is , where and
are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 6
Point and are equally spaced on a minor arc of a circle. Points and are equally spaced on
a minor arc of a second circle with center as shown in the ﬁgure below. The angle exceeds by . Find
the degree measure of .

Solution

Problem 7
In the diagram below, is a square. Point is the midpoint of . Points and lie on , and and lie on
and , respectively, so that is a square. Points and lie on , and and lie on and ,
respectively, so that is a square. The area of is 99. Find the area of .

Solution

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Problem 8
For positive integer , let denote the sum of the digits of . Find the smallest positive integer satisfying
.

Solution

Problem 9
Let be the set of all ordered triple of integers with . Each ordered triple in generates
a sequence according to the rule for all . Find the number of such sequences for
which for some .

Solution

Problem 10
Let be a third-degree polynomial with real coeﬃcients satisfying

Find .

Solution

Problem 11
Triangle has positive integer side lengths with . Let be the intersection of the bisectors of and .
Suppose . Find the smallest possible perimeter of .

Solution

Problem 12
Consider all 1000-element subsets of the set . From each such subset choose the least element. The

arithmetic mean of all of these least elements is , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 13

With all angles measured in degrees, the product , where and are integers greater than 1.

Find .

Solution

Problem 14
For each integer , let be the area of the region in the coordinate plane deﬁned by the inequalities and
, where is the greatest integer not exceeding . Find the number of values of with
for which is an integer.

Solution

Problem 15

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A block of wood has the shape of a right circular cylinder with radius and height , and its entire surface has been painted blue.
Points and are chosen on the edge of one of the circular faces of the cylinder so that on that face measures . The
block is then sliced in half along the plane that passes through point , point , and the center of the cylinder, revealing a ﬂat,
unpainted face on each half. The area of one of these unpainted faces is , where , , and are integers and is
not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

2015 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2015))

Preceded by Followed by
2014 AIME II 2015 AIME II

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/2/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2015 AIME II Problems

2015 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2015)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Let be the least positive integer that is both percent less than one integer and percent greater than another integer. Find
the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 2
In a new school, percent of the students are freshmen, percent are sophomores, percent are juniors, and percent are
seniors. All freshmen are required to take Latin, and percent of sophomores, percent of the juniors, and percent of the

seniors elect to take Latin. The probability that a randomly chosen Latin student is a sophomore is , where and are
relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 3
Let be the least positive integer divisible by whose digits sum to . Find .

Solution

Problem 4
In an isosceles trapezoid, the parallel bases have lengths and , and the altitude to these bases has length
. The perimeter of the trapezoid can be written in the form , where and are positive integers. Find .

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Solution

Problem 5
Two unit squares are selected at random without replacement from an grid of unit squares. Find the least positive integer

such that the probability that the two selected unit squares are horizontally or vertically adjacent is less than .

Solution

Problem 6
Steve says to Jon, "I am thinking of a polynomial whose roots are all positive integers. The polynomial has the form
for some positive integers and . Can you tell me the values of and ?"

After some calculations, Jon says, "There is more than one such polynomial."

Steve says, "You're right. Here is the value of ." He writes down a positive integer and asks, "Can you tell me the value of ?"

Jon says, "There are still two possible values of ."

Find the sum of the two possible values of .

Solution

Problem 7
Triangle has side lengths , , and . Rectangle has vertex on ,
vertex on , and vertices and on . In terms of the side length , the area of can be
expressed as the quadratic polynomial

Then the coeﬃcient , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 8

Let and be positive integers satisfying . The maximum possible value of is , where and are

relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 9
A cylindrical barrel with radius feet and height feet is full of water. A solid cube with side length feet is set into the barrel so
that the diagonal of the cube is vertical. The volume of water thus displaced is cubic feet. Find .

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Solution

Problem 10
Call a permutation of the integers quasi-increasing if for each
. For example, and are quasi-increasing permutations of the integers , but
is not. Find the number of quasi-increasing permutations of the integers .

Solution

Problem 11
The circumcircle of acute has center . The line passing through point perpendicular to intersects lines
and at and , respectively. Also , , , and , where and are relatively
prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 12
There are possible -letter strings in which each letter is either an A or a B. Find the number of such strings that
do not have more than adjacent letters that are identical.

Solution

Problem 13

Deﬁne the sequence by , where represents radian measure. Find the index of the 100th

term for which .

Solution

Problem 14
Let and be real numbers satisfying and . Evaluate
.

Solution

Problem 15
Circles and have radii and , respectively, and are externally tangent at point . Point is on and point is on
such that is a common external tangent of the two circles. A line through intersects again at and intersects
again at . Points and lie on the same side of , and the areas of and are equal. This common area
is , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

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Solution

2015 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2015))

Preceded by Followed by
2015 AIME I 2016 AIME I

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/2/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2016 AIME I Problems

2016 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2016)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
For , let denote the sum of the geometric series

Let between and satisfy . Find .

Solution

Problem 2
Two dice appear to be normal dice with their faces numbered from to , but each die is weighted so that the probability of rolling

the number is directly proportional to . The probability of rolling a with this pair of dice is , where and are relatively
prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 3
A regular icosahedron is a -faced solid where each face is an equilateral triangle and five triangles meet at every vertex. The
regular icosahedron shown below has one vertex at the top, one vertex at the bottom, an upper pentagon of five vertices all
adjacent to the top vertex and all in the same horizontal plane, and a lower pentagon of five vertices all adjacent to the bottom
vertex and all in another horizontal plane. Find the number of paths from the top vertex to the bottom vertex such that each part of
a path goes downward or horizontally along an edge of the icosahedron, and no vertex is repeated.

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Solution

Problem 4
A right prism with height has bases that are regular hexagons with sides of length . A vertex of the prism and its three
adjacent vertices are the vertices of a triangular pyramid. The dihedral angle (the angle between the two planes) formed by the
face of the pyramid that lies in a base of the prism and the face of the pyramid that does not contain measures . Find .

Solution

Problem 5
Anh read a book. On the ﬁrst day she read pages in minutes, where and are positive integers. On the second day Anh read
pages in minutes. Each day thereafter Anh read one more page than she read on the previous day, and it took her
one more minute than on the previous day until she completely read the page book. It took her a total of minutes to read
the book. Find .

Solution

Problem 6
In let be the center of the inscribed circle, and let the bisector of intersect at . The line through
and intersects the circumscribed circle of at the two points and . If and , then

, where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 7
For integers and consider the complex number

Find the number of ordered pairs of integers such that this complex number is a real number.

Solution

Problem 8
For a permutation of the digits , let denote the sum of the three -digit numbers
, , and . Let be the minimum value of subject to the condition that the units digit of is .
Let denote the number of permutations with . Find .

Solution

Problem 9

Triangle has and . This triangle is inscribed in rectangle with on

and on . Find the maximum possible area of .

Solution
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Problem 10
A strictly increasing sequence of positive integers , , , has the property that for every positive integer , the
subsequence , , is geometric and the subsequence , , is arithmetic. Suppose that
. Find .

Solution

Problem 11
Let be a nonzero polynomial such that for every real , and
. Then , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 12
Find the least positive integer such that is a product of at least four not necessarily distinct primes.

Solution

Problem 13
Freddy the frog is jumping around the coordinate plane searching for a river, which lies on the horizontal line . A fence is
located at the horizontal line . On each jump Freddy randomly chooses a direction parallel to one of the coordinate axes
and moves one unit in that direction. When he is at a point where , with equal likelihoods he chooses one of three
directions where he either jumps parallel to the fence or jumps away from the fence, but he never chooses the direction that would
have him cross over the fence to where . Freddy starts his search at the point and will stop once he reaches a
point on the river. Find the expected number of jumps it will take Freddy to reach the river.

Solution

Problem 14

Centered at each lattice point in the coordinate plane are a circle radius and a square with sides of length whose sides are

parallel to the coordinate axes. The line segment from to intersects of the squares and of the circles.
Find .

Solution

Problem 15
Circles and intersect at points and . Line is tangent to and at and , respectively, with line closer to
point than to . Circle passes through and intersecting again at and intersecting again at .
The three points , , are collinear, , , and . Find .

Solution

2016 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2016))

Preceded by Followed by
2015 AIME II 2016 AIME II

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

[Link] 3/4
5/2/2020 Art of Problem Solving

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
5/2/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2016 AIME II Problems

2016 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2016)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Initially Alex, Betty, and Charlie had a total of peanuts. Charlie had the most peanuts, and Alex had the least. The three
numbers of peanuts that each person had formed a geometric progression. Alex eats of his peanuts, Betty eats of her peanuts,
and Charlie eats of his peanuts. Now the three numbers of peanuts each person has forms an arithmetic progression. Find the
number of peanuts Alex had initially.

Solution

Problem 2
There is a chance of rain on Saturday and a chance of rain on Sunday. However, it is twice as likely to rain on Sunday if
it rains on Saturday than if it does not rain on Saturday. The probability that it rains at least one day this weekend is , where and

are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 3
Let and be real numbers satisfying the system

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Find the value of .

Solution

Problem 4
An rectangular box is built from unit cubes. Each unit cube is colored red, green, or yellow. Each of the
layers of size parallel to the faces of the box contains exactly red cubes, exactly green cubes, and
some yellow cubes. Each of the layers of size parallel to the faces of the box contains exactly green
cubes, exactly yellow cubes, and some red cubes. Find the smallest possible volume of the box.

Solution

Problem 5
Triangle has a right angle at . Its side lengths are pairwise relatively prime positive integers, and its perimeter is . Let
be the foot of the altitude to , and for , let be the foot of the altitude to in . The

sum . Find .

Solution

Problem 6

For polynomial , deﬁne . Then

, where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 7
Squares and have a common center and . The area of is 2016, and the area of
is a smaller positive integer. Square is constructed so that each of its vertices lies on a side of
and each vertex of lies on a side of . Find the difference between the largest and smallest positive integer
values for the area of .

Solution

Problem 8
Find the number of sets of three distinct positive integers with the property that the product of and is equal to
the product of and .

Solution

Problem 9
The sequences of positive integers and are an increasing arithmetic sequence and an increasing
geometric sequence, respectively. Let . There is an integer such that and .
Find .

Solution

Problem 10

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Triangle is inscribed in circle . Points and are on side with . Rays and meet
again at and (other than ), respectively. If and , then

, where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 11
For positive integers and , deﬁne to be -nice if there exists a positive integer such that has exactly positive
divisors. Find the number of positive integers less than that are neither -nice nor -nice.

Solution

Problem 12
The ﬁgure below shows a ring made of six small sections which you are to paint on a wall. You have four paint colors available and
you will paint each of the six sections a solid color. Find the number of ways you can choose to paint the sections if no two
adjacent sections can be painted with the same color.

Solution

Problem 13
Beatrix is going to place six rooks on a chessboard where both the rows and columns are labeled to ; the rooks are
placed so that no two rooks are in the same row or the same column. The of a square is the sum of its row number and
column number. The of an arrangement of rooks is the least value of any occupied [Link] average score over all valid
conﬁgurations is , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 14
Equilateral has side length . Points and lie outside the plane of and are on opposite sides of the
plane. Furthermore, , and , and the planes of and form a
dihedral angle (the angle between the two planes). There is a point whose distance from each of and
is . Find .

Solution

Problem 15

[Link] 3/4
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For let and . Let be positive real numbers such that

and . The maximum possible value of , where and are

relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

2016 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2016))

Preceded by Followed by
2016 AIME I 2017 AIME I

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
30/12/2019 Art of Problem Solving

2017 AIME I Problems

2017 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2017)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Fifteen distinct points are designated on : the 3 vertices , , and ; other points on side ; other points on
side ; and other points on side . Find the number of triangles with positive area whose vertices are among these
points.

Solution

Problem 2
When each of , , and is divided by the positive integer , the remainder is always the positive integer . When each
of , , and is divided by the positive integer , the remainder is always the positive integer . Find
.

Solution

Problem 3
For a positive integer , let be the units digit of . Find the remainder when

is divided by .

Solution

[Link] 1/4
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Problem 4
A pyramid has a triangular base with side lengths , , and . The three edges of the pyramid from the three corners of the
base to the fourth vertex of the pyramid all have length . The volume of the pyramid is , where and are positive
integers, and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 5
A rational number written in base eight is , where all digits are nonzero. The same number in base twelve is . Find the
base-ten number .

Solution

Problem 6
A circle circumscribes an isosceles triangle whose two congruent angles have degree measure . Two points are chosen
independently and uniformly at random on the circle, and a chord is drawn between them. The probability that the chord intersects

the triangle is . Find the difference between the largest and smallest possible values of .

Solution

Problem 7

For nonnegative integers and with , let . Let denote the sum of all

, where and are nonnegative integers with . Find the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 8
Two real numbers and are chosen independently and uniformly at random from the interval . Let and be two
points on the plane with . Let and be on the same side of line such that the degree measures of
and are and respectively, and and are both right angles. The probability that

is equal to , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 9
Let , and for each integer let . Find the least such that is a multiple
of .

Solution

Problem 10
Let , and where . Let be the unique complex number
with the properties that is a real number and the imaginary part of is the greatest possible. Find the real

part of .

Solution

Problem 11
Consider arrangements of the numbers in a array. For each such arrangement, let , , and be
the medians of the numbers in rows , , and respectively, and let be the median of . Let be the number of
arrangements for which . Find the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

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Problem 12
Call a set product-free if there do not exist (not necessarily distinct) such that . For example, the empty
set and the set are product-free, whereas the sets and are not product-free. Find the number of
product-free subsets of the set .

Solution

Problem 13
For every , let be the least positive integer with the following property: For every , there is always a
perfect cube in the range . Find the remainder when

is divided by 1000.

Solution

Problem 14
Let and satisfy and . Find
the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 15
The area of the smallest equilateral triangle with one vertex on each of the sides of the right triangle with side lengths , ,
and , as shown, is , where , , and are positive integers, and are relatively prime, and is not divisible by the
square of any prime. Find .

Solution

2017 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2017))

Preceded by Followed by
2016 AIME II 2017 AIME II

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

[Link] 3/4
30/12/2019 Art of Problem Solving

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2019 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
30/12/2019 Art of Problem Solving

2017 AIME II Problems

2017 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2017)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Find the number of subsets of that are subsets of neither nor .

Solution

Problem 2
Teams , , , and are in the playoffs. In the semiﬁnal matches, plays , and plays . The winners of those two
matches will play each other in the ﬁnal match to determine the champion. When plays , the probability that wins is

, and the outcomes of all the matches are independent. The probability that will be the champion is , where and

are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 3
A triangle has vertices , , and . The probability that a randomly chosen point inside the triangle is

closer to vertex than to either vertex or vertex can be written as , where and are relatively prime positive integers.

Find .

Solution

Problem 4
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Find the number of positive integers less than or equal to whose base-three representation contains no digit equal to .

Solution

Problem 5
A set contains four numbers. The six pairwise sums of distinct elements of the set, in no particular order, are , , ,
, , and . Find the greatest possible value of .

Solution

Problem 6
Find the sum of all positive integers such that is an integer.

Solution

Problem 7
Find the number of integer values of in the closed interval for which the equation
has exactly one real solution.

Solution

Problem 8
Find the number of positive integers less than such that

is an integer.

Solution

Problem 9
A special deck of cards contains cards, each labeled with a number from to and colored with one of seven colors. Each
number-color combination appears on exactly one card. Sharon will select a set of eight cards from the deck at random. Given that
she gets at least one card of each color and at least one card with each number, the probability that Sharon can discard one of her
cards and have at least one card of each color and at least one card with each number is , where and are relatively

prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 10
Rectangle has side lengths and . Point is the midpoint of , point is the trisection
point of closer to , and point is the intersection of and . Point lies on the quadrilateral , and
bisects the area of . Find the area of .

Solution

Problem 11
Five towns are connected by a system of roads. There is exactly one road connecting each pair of towns. Find the number of ways
there are to make all the roads one-way in such a way that it is still possible to get from any town to any other town using the roads
(possibly passing through other towns on the way).

Solution

Problem 12
Circle has radius , and the point is a point on the circle. Circle has radius and is internally tangent to at
point . Point lies on circle so that is located counterclockwise from on . Circle has radius and is
internally tangent to at point . In this way a sequence of circles and a sequence of points on the circles

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are constructed, where circle has radius and is internally tangent to circle at point , and
point lies on counterclockwise from point , as shown in the ﬁgure below. There is one point inside all of

these circles. When , the distance from the center to is , where and are relatively prime positive integers.
Find .

Solution

Problem 13
For each integer , let be the number of -element subsets of the vertices of a regular -gon that are the vertices of
an isosceles triangle (including equilateral triangles). Find the sum of all values of such that .

Solution

Problem 14
A grid of points consists of all points in space of the form , where , , and are integers between
and , inclusive. Find the number of different lines that contain exactly of these points.

Solution

Problem 15
Tetrahedron has , , and . For any point in
space, deﬁne . The least possible value of can be expressed as ,
where and are positive integers, and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

2017 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2017))

Preceded by Followed by
2017 AIME I 2018 AIME I

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

[Link] 3/4
30/12/2019 Art of Problem Solving
Copyright © 2019 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
30/12/2019 Art of Problem Solving

2018 AIME I Problems

2018 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2018)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Let be the number of ordered pairs of integers with and such that the polynomial
can be factored into the product of two (not necessarily distinct) linear factors with integer coeﬃcients. Find the
remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 2
The number can be written in base as , can be written in base as , and can be written in base as
, where . Find the base- representation of .

Solution

Problem 3
Kathy has red cards and green cards. She shuﬄes the cards and lays out of the cards in a row in a random order. She will
be happy if and only if all the red cards laid out are adjacent and all the green cards laid out are adjacent. For example, card orders
RRGGG, GGGGR, or RRRRR will make Kathy happy, but RRRGR will not. The probability that Kathy will be happy is , where and
are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 4

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In and . Point lies strictly between and on and point lies strictly
between and on so that . Then can be expressed in the form , where and are

relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 5
For each ordered pair of real numbers satisfying

there is a real number such that

Find the product of all possible values of .

Solution

Problem 6
Let be the number of complex numbers with the properties that and is a real number. Find the
remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 7
A right hexagonal prism has height . The bases are regular hexagons with side length . Any of the vertices determine a
triangle. Find the number of these triangles that are isosceles (including equilateral triangles).

Solution

Problem 8
Let be an equiangular hexagon such that , and . Denote
the diameter of the largest circle that ﬁts inside the hexagon. Find .

Solution

Problem 9
Find the number of four-element subsets of with the property that two distinct elements of a subset have
a sum of , and two distinct elements of a subset have a sum of . For example, and are
two such subsets.

Solution

Problem 10
The wheel shown below consists of two circles and ﬁve spokes, with a label at each point where a spoke meets a circle. A bug
walks along the wheel, starting at point . At every step of the process, the bug walks from one labeled point to an adjacent
labeled point. Along the inner circle the bug only walks in a counterclockwise direction, and along the outer circle the bug only
walks in a clockwise direction. For example, the bug could travel along the path , which has steps.
Let be the number of paths with steps that begin and end at point Find the remainder when is divided by .

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Solution

Problem 11
Find the least positive integer such that when is written in base , its two right-most digits in base are .

Solution

Problem 12
For every subset of , let be the sum of the elements of , with deﬁned to be . If

is chosen at random among all subsets of , the probability that is divisible by is , where and are relatively
prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 13
Let have side lengths , , and . Point lies in the interior of , and points
and are the incenters of and , respectively. Find the minimum possible area of as varies
along .

Solution

Problem 14
Let be a heptagon. A frog starts jumping at vertex . From any vertex of the heptagon except , the frog
may jump to either of the two adjacent vertices. When it reaches vertex , the frog stops and stays there. Find the number of
distinct sequences of jumps of no more than jumps that end at .

Solution

Problem 15
David found four sticks of different lengths that can be used to form three non-congruent convex cyclic quadrilaterals,
, which can each be inscribed in a circle with radius . Let denote the measure of the acute angle made by the

diagonals of quadrilateral , and deﬁne and similarly. Suppose that , , and

. All three quadrilaterals have the same area , which can be written in the form , where and are relatively
prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

[Link] 3/4
30/12/2019 Art of Problem Solving

2018 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2018))

Preceded by Followed by
2017 AIME II 2018 AIME II

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2019 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
30/12/2019 Art of Problem Solving

2018 AIME II Problems

2018 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2018)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Points , , and lie in that order along a straight path where the distance from to is meters. Ina runs twice as
fast as Eve, and Paul runs twice as fast as Ina. The three runners start running at the same time with Ina starting at and running
toward , Paul starting at and running toward , and Eve starting at and running toward . When Paul meets Eve, he turns
around and runs toward . Paul and Ina both arrive at at the same time. Find the number of meters from to .

Solution

Problem 2
Let , , and , and for deﬁne recursively to be the remainder when
is divided by . Find .

Solution

Problem 3
Find the sum of all positive integers such that the base- integer is a perfect square and the base- integer
is a perfect cube.

Solution

Problem 4

[Link] 1/4
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In equiangular octagon , and

. The self-intersecting octagon enclosed six non-overlapping
triangular regions. Let be the area enclosed by , that is, the total area of the six triangular regions. Then
, where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 5
Suppose that , , and are complex numbers such that , , and , where
. Then there are real numbers and such that . Find .

Solution

Problem 6
A real number is chosen randomly and uniformly from the interval . The probability that the roots of the polynomial

are all real can be written in the form , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 7
Triangle has side lengths , , and . Points
are on segment with between and for , and points
are on segment with between and for
. Furthermore, each segment , , is parallel to . The segments cut the
triangle into regions, consisting of trapezoids and triangle. Each of the regions has the same area. Find the
number of segments , , that have rational length.

Solution

Problem 8
A frog is positioned at the origin of the coordinate plane. From the point , the frog can jump to any of the points
, , , or . Find the number of distinct sequences of jumps in which the frog
begins at and ends at .

Solution

Problem 9
Octagon with side lengths and
is formed by removing 6-8-10 triangles from the corners of a rectangle with
side on a short side of the rectangle, as shown. Let be the midpoint of , and partition the octagon into 7 triangles by
drawing segments , , , , , and . Find the area of the convex polygon whose vertices are the centroids of
these 7 triangles.

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Solution

Problem 10
Find the number of functions from to that satisfy for
all in .

Solution

Problem 11
Find the number of permutations of such that for each with , at least one of the ﬁrst terms of the
permutation is greater than .

Solution

Problem 12
Let be a convex quadrilateral with , , and . Assume that the
diagonals of intersect at point , and that the sum of the areas of triangles and equals the sum of the
areas of triangles and . Find the area of quadrilateral .

Solution

Problem 13
Misha rolls a standard, fair six-sided die until she rolls 1-2-3 in that order on three consecutive rolls. The probability that she will roll
the die an odd number of times is where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 14
The incircle of triangle is tangent to at . Let be the other intersection of with . Points and
lie on and , respectively, so that is tangent to at . Assume that , , , and
, where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 15
Find the number of functions from to the integers such that , , and

[Link] 3/4
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for all and in .

Solution

2018 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2018))

Preceded by Followed by
2018 AIME I 2019 AIME I

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2019 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
26/12/2019 Art of Problem Solving

2019 AIME I Problems

2019 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2019)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Consider the integer

Find the sum of the digits of .

Solution

Problem 2
Jenn randomly chooses a number from . Bela then randomly chooses a number from
distinct from . The value of is at least with a probability that can be expressed in the form
, where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 3
In , , , and . Points and lie on , points and lie on , and
points and lie on , with . Find the area of hexagon
.

Solution

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Problem 4
A soccer team has available players. A ﬁxed set of players starts the game, while the other are available as substitutes.
During the game, the coach may make as many as substitutions, where any one of the players in the game is replaced by one
of the substitutes. No player removed from the game may reenter the game, although a substitute entering the game may be
replaced later. No two substitutions can happen at the same time. The players involved and the order of the substitutions matter.
Let be the number of ways the coach can make substitutions during the game (including the possibility of making no
substitutions). Find the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 5
A moving particle starts at the point and moves until it hits one of the coordinate axes for the ﬁrst time. When the particle
is at the point , it moves at random to one of the points , , or , each with
probability , independently of its previous moves. The probability that it will hit the coordinate axes at is , where and
are positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 6
In convex quadrilateral side is perpendicular to diagonal , side is perpendicular to diagonal ,
, and . The line through perpendicular to side intersects diagonal at with
. Find .

Solution

Problem 7
There are positive integers and that satisfy the system of equations

Let be the number of (not necessarily distinct) prime factors in the prime factorization of , and let be the number of (not
necessarily distinct) prime factors in the prime factorization of . Find .

Solution

Problem 8
Let be a real number such that . Then where and are
relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 9
Let denote the number of positive integer divisors of . Find the sum of the six least positive integers that are solutions
to .

Solution

Problem 10
For distinct complex numbers , the polynomial

can be expressed as , where is a polynomial with complex coeﬃcients and

with degree at most . The value of

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can be expressed in the form , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 11
In , the sides have integer lengths and . Circle has its center at the incenter of . An excircle
of is a circle in the exterior of that is tangent to one side of the triangle and tangent to the extensions of the
other two sides. Suppose that the excircle tangent to is internally tangent to , and the other two excircles are both
externally tangent to . Find the minimum possible value of the perimeter of .

Solution

Problem 12
Given , there are complex numbers with the property that , , and are the vertices of a
right triangle in the complex plane with a right angle at . There are positive integers and such that one such value of
is . Find .

Solution

Problem 13
Triangle has side lengths , , and . Points and are on ray with
. The point is a point of intersection of the circumcircles of and
satisfying and . Then can be expressed as , where , , , and are positive integers such
that and are relatively prime, and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 14
Find the least odd prime factor of .

Solution

Problem 15
Let be a chord of a circle , and let be a point on the chord . Circle passes through and and is internally
tangent to . Circle passes through and and is internally tangent to . Circles and intersect at points and .
Line intersects at and . Assume that , , , and , where and are
relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

2019 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2019))

Preceded by Followed by
2018 AIME II 2019 AIME II

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

[Link] 3/4
26/12/2019 Art of Problem Solving

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2019 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 4/4
30/12/2019 Art of Problem Solving

2019 AIME II Problems

2019 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2019)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Two different points, and , lie on the same side of line so that and are congruent with
, and . The intersection of these two triangular regions has area ,
where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 2
Lily pads lie in a row on a pond. A frog makes a sequence of jumps starting on pad . From any pad the frog jumps
to either pad or pad chosen randomly with probability and independently of other jumps. The probability that the
frog visits pad is , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 3
Find the number of -tuples of positive integers that satisfy the following system of equations:

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Solution

Problem 4
A standard six-sided fair die is rolled four times. The probability that the product of all four numbers rolled is a perfect square is ,
where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 5
Four ambassadors and one advisor for each of them are to be seated at a round table with chairs numbered in order to .
Each ambassador must sit in an even-numbered chair. Each advisor must sit in a chair adjacent to his or her ambassador. There
are ways for the people to be seated at the table under these conditions. Find the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 6
In a Martian civilization, all logarithms whose bases are not speciﬁed as assumed to be base , for some ﬁxed . A Martian
student writes down

and ﬁnds that this system of equations has a single real number solution . Find .

Solution

Problem 7
Triangle has side lengths , and . Lines , and are drawn parallel to
, and , respectively, such that the intersections of , and with the interior of are segments of
lengths , and , respectively. Find the perimeter of the triangle whose sides lie on lines , and .

Solution

Problem 8
The polynomial has real coeﬃcients not exceeding and

. Find the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 9
Call a positive integer -pretty if has exactly positive divisors and is divisible by . For example, is -pretty. Let be
the sum of the positive integers less than that are -pretty. Find .

Solution

Problem 10
There is a unique angle between and such that for nonnegative integers the value of is positive when
is a multiple of , and negative otherwise. The degree measure of is , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find
.

Solution

Problem 11
Triangle has side lengths and Circle passes through and is tangent to line
at Circle passes through and is tangent to line at Let be the intersection of circles and not
equal to Then where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

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Solution

Problem 12
For call a ﬁnite sequence of positive integers progressive if and divides for
. Find the number of progressive sequences such that the sum of the terms in the sequence is equal to

Solution

Problem 13
Regular octagon is inscribed in a circle of area Point lies inside the circle so that the region
bounded by and the minor arc of the circle has area while the region bounded by and

the minor arc of the circle has area There is a positive integer such that the area of the region bounded by

and the minor arc of the circle is equal to Find

Solution

Problem 14
Find the sum of all positive integers such that, given an unlimited supply of stamps of denominations and cents,
cents is the greatest postage that cannot be formed.

Solution

Problem 15
In acute triangle points and are the feet of the perpendiculars from to and from to , respectively.
Line intersects the circumcircle of in two distinct points, and . Suppose , , and
. The value of can be written in the form where and are positive relatively prime integers.
Find .

Solution

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[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2019))

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Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

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2020 AIME I Problems

2020 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2020)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
In with point lies strictly between and on side and point lies strictly between and
on side such that The degree measure of is where and are
relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 2
There is a unique positive real number such that the three numbers and in that order, form a
geometric progression with positive common ratio. The number can be written as where and are relatively prime
positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 3
A positive integer has base-eleven representation and base-eight representation where and represent
(not necessarily distinct) digits. Find the least such expressed in base ten.

Solution

Problem 4

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Let be the set of positive integers with the property that the last four digits of are and when the last four digits
are removed, the result is a divisor of For example, is in because is a divisor of Find the sum of all the
digits of all the numbers in For example, the number contributes to this total.

Solution

Problem 5
Six cards numbered through are to be lined up in a row. Find the number of arrangements of these six cards where one of the
cards can be removed leaving the remaining ﬁve cards in either ascending or descending order.

Solution

Problem 6
A ﬂat board has a circular hole with radius and a circular hole with radius such that the distance between the centers of the
two holes is . Two spheres with equal radii sit in the two holes such that the spheres are tangent to each other. The square of the
radius of the spheres is , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 7
A club consisting of men and women needs to choose a committee from among its members so that the number of
women on the committee is one more than the number of men on the committee. The committee could have as few as member
or as many as members. Let be the number of such committees that can be formed. Find the sum of the prime numbers
that divide

Solution

Problem 8
A bug walks all day and sleeps all night. On the ﬁrst day, it starts at point faces east, and walks a distance of units due east.
Each night the bug rotates counterclockwise. Each day it walks in this new direction half as far as it walked the previous day.
The bug gets arbitrarily close to the point Then where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 9
Let be the set of positive integer divisors of Three numbers are chosen independently and at random with replacement
from the set and labeled and in the order they are chosen. The probability that both divides and divides
is where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 10
Let and be positive integers satisfying the conditions

is a multiple of and

is not a multiple of

Find the least possible value of

Solution

Problem 11
For integers and let and Find the number of ordered triples
of integers with absolute values not exceeding for which there is an integer such that

Solution

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Problem 12
Let be the least positive integer for which is divisible by Find the number of positive integer
divisors of

Solution

Problem 13
Point lies on side of so that bisects The perpendicular bisector of intersects the
bisectors of and in points and respectively. Given that and the
area of can be written as where and are relatively prime positive integers, and is a positive integer not
divisible by the square of any prime. Find

Solution

Problem 14
Let be a quadratic polynomial with complex coeﬃcients whose coeﬃcient is Suppose the equation
has four distinct solutions, Find the sum of all possible values of

Solution

Problem 15
Let be an acute triangle with circumcircle and let be the intersection of the altitudes of Suppose the
tangent to the circumcircle of at intersects at points and with and
The area of can be written as where and are positive integers, and is not divisible by the square of any
prime. Find

Solution

2020 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2020))

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All AIME Problems and Solutions

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Copyright © 2020 Art of Problem Solving

[Link] 3/3
18/6/2020 Art of Problem Solving

2020 AIME II Problems

2020 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2020)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Find the number of ordered pairs of positive integers such that .

Solution

Problem 2
Let be a point chosen uniformly at random in the interior of the unit square with vertices at , and

. The probability that the slope of the line determined by and the point is greater than can be written as ,

where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 3

The value of that satisﬁes can be written as , where and are relatively prime positive
integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 4

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Triangles and lie in the coordinate plane with vertices , , , ,

, . A rotation of degrees clockwise around the point where , will transform
to . Find .

Solution

Problem 5
For each positive integer , let be the sum of the digits in the base-four representation of and let be the sum of the
digits in the base-eight representation of . For example, , and
. Let be the least value of such that the base-sixteen representation of
cannot be expressed using only the digits through . Find the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 6
Deﬁne a sequence recursively by , , and

for all . Then can be written as , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 7
Two congruent right circular cones each with base radius and height have the axes of symmetry that intersect at right angles
at a point in the interior of the cones a distance from the base of each cone. A sphere with radius lies within both cones. The

maximum possible value of is , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 8
Deﬁne a sequence recursively by and for integers . Find the least
value of such that the sum of the zeros of exceeds .

Solution

Problem 9
While watching a show, Ayako, Billy, Carlos, Dahlia, Ehuang, and Frank sat in that order in a row of six chairs. During the break, they
went to the kitchen for a snack. When they came back, they sat on those six chairs in such a way that if two of them sat next to
each other before the break, then they did not sit next to each other after the break. Find the number of possible seating orders
they could have chosen after the break.

Solution

Problem 10
Find the sum of all positive integers such that when is divided by , the remainder is .

Solution

Problem 11
Let , and let and be two quadratic polynomials also with the coeﬃcient of equal to
. David computes each of the three sums , , and and is surprised to ﬁnd that each pair of these sums

has a common root, and these three common roots are distinct. If , then , where and are relatively
prime positive integers. Find .

Solution
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Problem 12
Let and be odd integers greater than An rectangle is made up of unit squares where the squares in the top row
are numbered left to right with the integers through , those in the second row are numbered left to right with the integers
through , and so on. Square is in the top row, and square is in the bottom row. Find the number of ordered
pairs of odd integers greater than with the property that, in the rectangle, the line through the centers of
squares and intersects the interior of square .

Solution

Problem 13
Convex pentagon has side lengths , , and . Moreover, the
pentagon has an inscribed circle (a circle tangent to each side of the pentagon). Find the area of .

Solution

Problem 14
For real number let be the greatest integer less than or equal to , and deﬁne to be the fractional part
of . For example, and . Deﬁne , and let be the number of real-valued
solutions to the equation for . Find the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 15
Let be an acute scalene triangle with circumcircle . The tangents to at and intersect at . Let and be
the projections of onto lines and , respectively. Suppose , , and
. Find .

Solution

2020 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2020))

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The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

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AIME 2020 Enunciados y soluciones
Existe copia de este documento en formato Word: [Link]

AIME I 2020 Enunciados

1
En el triángulo ABC con AB  AC , sea D un punto en el interior del lado AC y sea
E un punto en el interior del lado AB , de forma que AE  ED  DB  BC . Determina
el ángulo ABC .

2
Existe un único número real positivo x tal que los tres números
log8 (2 x) , log 4 x , log 2 x

en este orden, forman una progresión geométrica con razón positiva común. Determina
x.

3
Un entero positivo N se representa como a b c en base 11, y se representa como 1b c a ,
donde a, b, c representan dígitos, no necesariamente distintos. Determina el valor
mínimo de N expresado en base 10.

4
Sea S el conjunto de todos los enteros positivos N con la siguiente propiedad: Los
últimos cuatro dígitos de N son 2020, y cuando se eliminan estos cuatro dígitos, el
resultado es un divisor de N. Por ejemplo, 42020 pertenece a S porque 4 es divisor de
42020. Determina la suma de todos los dígitos de todos los números de S. Por ejemplo,
el número 42020 contribuye con 4+2+0+2+0=8 a este total.

5
Disponemos de seis cartas numeradas del 1 al 6 alineadas. Determina el número de
permutaciones de estas seis cartas tales que si se elimina una de ellas, las otras cinco
restantes quedan ordenadas, en orden descendente o ascendente.
6
En una mesa plana realizamos dos agujeros redondos de radios 1 y 2, respectivamente, y
cuyos centros están separados por una distancia igual a 7. Supongamos que dos esferas
del mismo radio R  2 reposan cada una de ellas en un agujero, de forma que las dos
esferas son tangentes la una con la otra. Determina el cuadrado del radio de dichas
esferas.

7
Un club consistente en 11 hombres y 12 mujeres necesita escoger un comité entre sus
miembros, de forma que el número de mujeres del comité sea uno más que el número de
hombres de dicho comité. Este comité puede tener entre 1 y 23 miembros. Sea N el
número de comités que se pueden formar. Determina la suma de todos los números
primos que dividen N.

8
Un gusano se mueve durante todo el día y duerme durante toda la noche. Empieza en el
punto O y avanza una distancia de 5 unidades hacia el este. Cada noche, el gusano gira
60º en el sentido contrario al de las agujas del reloj, y al día siguiente avanza en esta
nueva dirección la mitad de la distancia del día anterior. Este gusano se acerca más y
más a un cierto punto P. Determina las coordenadas de dicho punto.

9
Sea S el conjunto de todos los enteros positivos divisores de 209 . Se toman tres
números de este conjunto, aleatoriamente y con reemplazamiento, y se etiquetan como
a1 , a2 , a3 en el orden en que van apareciendo. Determina la probabilidad P de que a1
divida a a2 y de que a2 divida a a3 .

10
Sean m y n enteros positivos satisfaciendo las siguientes condiciones:
- El máximo común divisor ( m  n , 210 )  1 .
- mm es un múltiplo de n n .
- m no es un múltiplo de n .

Determina el menor valor posible de m  n .

11
Para ciertos enteros a, b, c, d , definimos f ( x)  x 2  ax  b y g ( x)  x 2  cx  d .
Determina el número de ternas ordenadas a, b, c  de enteros, con valores absolutos no
mayores de 10, para los cuales existe un entero d tal que

g  f 2  g  f 4  0
12
Sea n el mínimo entero para el cual 149 n  2 n es divisible entre 33  55  7 7 . Determina el
número de divisores positivos de n.

13
El punto D pertenece al lado BC del triángulo ABC de forma que AD es la bisectriz
de BAC . La mediatriz del segmento AD corta las bisectrices de ABC y ACB en
los puntos E y F, respectivamente. Dados AB  4 , BC  5 y CA  6 , determina el área
de AEF .

14
Sea P(x) un polinomio cuadrático con coeficientes complejos cuyo coeficiente de x 2
es 1. Supongamos que la ecuación PP( x)  0 tiene cuatro soluciones distintas:
x  3, 4, a, b . Determina la suma de todos los posibles valores de (a  b)2 .

15
Sea ABC un triángulo acutángulo con circuncírculo  , y sea H su ortocentro.
Supongamos que la recta tangente a la circunferencia circunscrita de HBC en H corta
 en los puntos X , Y de forma que HA  3 , HX  2 y HY  6 . Determina el área de
ABC .
AIME I 2020 Soluciones
1
Sea   ACB
Por ser DBC isósceles, BDC  ACB   , y DBC  180  2
Por ser BAC isósceles, ABC  ACB   , y BAC  180  2
Por ser DEA isósceles, EDA  BAC  180  2
Por ángulos suplementarios, EDB  180  (180  2 )    
180  
Por ser BDE isósceles, EBD 
2
Luego, finalmente,
180   540
  ABC  EBD  180 ´2   180  2    grados.
2 7

2
1
a  log 8 (2 x)  log 8 (2)  log 8 ( x)  log 23 (2)  log 8 ( x)   log 8 ( x)
3
log8 x log 8 x log8 x 3
b  log 4 x     log 8 x
log8 4 log 23 22 2/3 2
log8 x log8 x log 8 x
c  log 2 x     3 log8 x
log8 2 log 23 2 1 / 3

Luego, denotando k  log8 ( x) , llegamos a

1 3
a   k , b  k , c  3k
3 2

Por ser una sucesión geométrica:

b c 3 / 2k 3k 3k 1  3k 2 3k 2  6k
   2  2  k     2k  
a b 1 / 3  k 3 / 2k 2 3  2 3 2 3
4
 9k  4  12k  9k  12k  4  3k  4  k 
3
4 1 1
 log8 ( x)  x  8 4 / 3  2 4  4 
3 2 16

3
N  a  112  b  11  c  1  83  b  82  c  8  a , con 0  a, b, c  7 .

0  1  83  b  82  c  8  a  a 112  b 11  c 
   
0  1  83  82  11 b  8  1c  1  112 a 
0  512  53b  7c  120a 
120a  53b  7c  512

Luego
120a  53b  7c  512  512  a  512 / 120  4
Con a  4 nos quedamos cortos, luego a  5 .

Supongamos que a  5 . La ecuación queda de la forma:

600  53b  7c  512 
600  53b  7c  512 
88  53b  7c

Con b  0 la ecuación resultante 88  53  0  7c  7c no tiene solución entera.

Con b  1 la ecuación resultante 88  53 1  7c tiene solución entera:
88  53 1  7c  88  53  7c  35  7c  c  5

Luego hemos encontrado la solución a  4, b  1, c  5 , y como en todo momento hemos

trabajado con valores mínimos, esta será la solución mínima que nos pide el enunciado.

4
N  10000a  2020 para cierto a | N
Luego N  ak para cierto entero k y por tanto
ak  10000a  2020  ak  10000k  2020  22  5 101
Los posibles valores de a son:
1 1
2 2
5 5
101 2
4 4
10 1
202 4
505 10
20 2
404 8
1010 2
2020 4
Total 45

Por otro lado, los 12 números de S acaban todos en 2020, y por lo tanto tenemos que sumar
12  (2  0  2  0)  12  4  48

Finalmente, en total, tenemos 45  48  93 .

5
Para este problema lo más práctico es enumerarlas una a una, en función de la carta que
eliminamos. Por cada permutación ascendente válida habrá una descendente, por lo que
contaremos solo las ascendentes y el resultado lo multiplicaremos por dos.
En las cuales vemos algunas repeticiones, que se han marcado en gris. En total hay
6  4  5  26

Y como el orden puede ser también descendente, 26  2  52

6
Realizamos un esquema transversal de la posición de las dos esferas en sus respectivos
agujeros:

En donde vemos claramente tres triángulos rectángulos diferentes en los que aplicar Pitágoras,
obteniendo un sistema de ecuaciones que tenemos que resolver:
R 2  12  a 2
 2
R  2  b
2 2


2 R   (a  b)  7
2 2 2

4 R 2  2 R   (a  b) 2  7 2  a 2  b 2  2ab  49  R 2  1  R 2  4  2ab  49 
2

4 R 2  2 R 2  44  2ab  2 R 2  44  2ab 
R 2  22  ab  22  R 2  1 R 2  4  22  R 2
 1R 2  4 
R 2
     
 1 R 2  4  22  R 2  R 2  1 R 2  4  22  R 2 
2

R 4  5R 2  4  222  44 R 2  R 4  4  222  44 R 2  5R 2 
160
4  222  44 R 2  5R 2  480  39 R 2  R 2 
13

7
Consideremos un subconjunto cualquiera de 11 miembros del club.
Sea 0  i  11 el número de hombres de dicho grupo.
Luego el número de mujeres será 11  i .
Y por tanto el número de mujeres fuera del grupo es 12  11  i   i  1.

Luego si tomamos los hombres de dicho grupo y las mujeres que no están en dicho grupo,
obtenemos un comité que se adapta al enunciado.

Recíprocamente, si tenemos un comité de i  1 mujeres y i hombres, con las 12  i  1  11  i

mujeres que no están en el comité y los i hombres que sí están podemos formar un grupo de 11
personas.

Así pues, existe una biyección entre el número de comités posible y los subconjuntos de 11
personas:
 23 
N   
 11 

 23  23! 23  22  21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13

N       23 19 17 13  7  2
 11  11! 12! 1110  9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2

Y por tanto la suma pedida es 23  19  17  13  7  2  81

Fuente de la solución: Solución oficial MAA en AoPS

Veamos en primer lugar como se comporta en vertical:

Paso 1 OA: 0
y 3 5
Paso 2 AB:  sin 60º  y 3
5/ 2 2 4
y 3 5
Paso 3 BC:  cos 30º  y 3
5/ 4 2 8
Paso 4 CD: 0
y 3 5
Paso 5 DE:  sin 60º  y 3
5 / 16 2 32
y 3 5
Paso 6 EF:  cos 30º  y 3
5 / 32 2 64

La variación vertical es:

5 5 5 5 5 5
0  2 3  3 3  4 0  5 3  6 3 
2 2 2 2 2 2
5 5 5 5 5 5
 7 0  8 3  9 3  10  0  11 3  12 3  ...
2 2 2 2 2 2
Vemos por separado cada uno de estos bloques de seis pasos:
5 5 5 5 5  1 1 1 5 21
3  3 3  5 3  6 3  2 31   3  4   2 3
 2 2 2  2
2
2 2 2 2 2 16
5 5 5 5 5  1 1 1 5 21
3  9 3  11 3  12 3  8 31   3  4   8 3
 2 2 2  2
8
2 2 2 2 2 16

Así pues, estamos sumando:

5 21 5 21 5 21 5 21 5 21  1 1 1 
3  8 3  14 3  20 3  ...  2 3 1  6  12  18  ... 
2 2
16 2 16 2 16 2 16 2 16  2 2 2 
21   5 n
5 1 1 1 21   1  5 21 64 5
 2 3 1 6    ...  2 3   6   2 3
 
2 16  2 26
2
   
26
3  2
 16 n0  2  2 16 63 3

Veamos ahora su comportamiento en horizontal.

Paso 1 OA: 5
x 1 5
Paso 2 AB:  cos 60º   x 
5/ 2 2 4
x 1 5
Paso 3 BC:  sin 30º   x 
5/ 4 2 8
5
Paso 4 CD: x 
8
x 1 5
Paso 5 DE:  cos 60º   x 
5 / 16 2 32
x 1 5
Paso 6 EF:  sin 30º   x 
5 / 32 2 64
5 5 5 5 5 315
Luego se ha producido un cambio total de 5      
4 8 8 32 64 64
1 315
En el siguiente grupo de 6 pasos será 
26 64

 n
 1  315 315 64
Y el resultado final será   6
n 0  2  64

64 63
5

 5 
Así pues, el gusano se acerca más y más al punto  5 , 
 3 

9
  9
209  225  21859
Los divisores de 209 son todos los números de la forma 2b5c con 0  b  18 y 0  c  9
Luego
ai  2bi 5ci con 0  bi  18 , 0  ci  9 , 0  i  3
bi  b j

La divisibilidad se convierte en un problema de orden: ai | a j  
ci  c j


Luego nuestro problema se reduce a determinar la probabilidad de que seis números

0  b1 , b2 , b3  18 y 0  c1 , c2 , c3  9 cumplan b1  b2  b3 y c1  c2  c3 .

El total de casos es T  193 103 .

Contemos ahora el total de casos favorables. Aplicaremos la Proposición 5.5:

 21
El número de casos de tomar 0  b1  b2  b3  18 es    1330
3
12 
El número de casos de tomar 0  c1  c2  c3  9 es    220
3
Y por tanto, los casos favorables son: F  1330 220 , y la probabilidad es:
F 1330  220 77
P  
T 19 10
3 3
1805

10
La clave para resolver este problema es ver que la condición nn | mm implica que si p es un
factor primo de n , también lo será de m .
Por otro lado, la condición n | m implica n  1 .

Otra clave importante es ver que la condición ( m  n , 210 )  1 , con 210  2  3  5  7 implica
que si un primo p de un dígito (2,3,5 o 7) divide n, entonces también dividirá a m, y por tanto
dividirá m  n , con lo que ( m  n , 210 )  1.
Así pues, los factores primos de n serán 11, 13, 17…

Si estos factores primos de n estuvieran elevados a 0 o 1 como máximo, por ser también
factores de m , entonces m tendría todos los factores de n elevados a sus potencias respectivas,
es decir, n | m , contradiciendo la tercera hipótesis del enunciado.
Así pues, la factorización de n debe contener algún exponente mayor o igual que 2.

El menor candidato posible de n es n  112  121 , y por tanto 112  11242 .   121

Puesto que, por hipótesis, 11242 | mm , necesitamos un m que sea múltiplo de 11, mayor o igual
que 242, que no sea divisible por 121 y que ( m  n , 210 )  1 .

m  242 no cumple pues es divisible entre 121.

m  253 no cumple pues m  n  253  121  374 es divisible entre 2.
m  264 no cumple pues m  n  264  121  385 es divisible entre 5.
m  275 no cumple pues m  n  275  121  396 es divisible entre 2.

Finalmente, m  286 cumple las condiciones del enunciado:

m  n  286  121  407  11 37 , y por tanto ( m  n , 210 )  1
m  2 1113 , n | m .

Luego la solución es 407.

Fuente: [Link]

11
f (2)  2 2  2a  b  2a  b  4
f (4)  4 2  4a  b  4a  b  16

Supongamos, en primer lugar, que f (2)  f (4) . Entonces:

f (2)  f (4)  2a  b  4  4a  b  16  0  2a  12  a  6 .
f (2)  f (4)  12  b  4  b  8

Vemos que a  6 es fijo, y que no hay ninguna restricción sobre b .

g  f 2  g  f 4  0  0  g (b  8)  0  (b  8) 2  c(b  8)  d 
d  (b  8) 2  c(b  8)

Luego, para a  6 y cualquier pareja b, c , tomando d  (b  8) 2  c(b  8) se satisfarán las

condiciones del enunciado.

Observamos que en el caso f (2)  f (4) el enunciado no nos está diciendo que el polinomio
g (x) tenga una única solución doble, solo que una de sus dos soluciones es f (2)  f (4) .

Luego el número de ternas a, b, c  con b , c  10 son 21 21  441 .

Supongamos, en segundo lugar, que f (2)  f (4) (y por tanto a  6 ).

Vemos que f (2) y f (4) son raíces del polinomio mónico g (x) , luego por las “Fórmulas de
Vieta” (ver AG/2.1) tenemos que
c   f (2)  f (4) y d  f (2) f (4) .
Sobre el valor de d no hay ninguna condición. Pero se debe cumplir c  10 .
c   f (2)  f (4)  2a  b  4  4a  b  16  6a  2b  20  23a  b  10
 23a  b  10  10  3a  b  10  5  5  3a  b  10  5  15  3a  b  5

Para resolver 3a  b  5 determinamos la frontera 3a  b  5

a  0  b  5 , b  0  a  5 / 3 , y el (0,0) no satisface la inecuación.

Para resolver 15  3a  b determinamos la frontera 15  3a  b

a  0  b  15 , b  0  a  15 / 3  5 , y el (0,0) sí satisface la inecuación.

En total hay 69 soluciones (recordemos que a  6 ), que junto a las 441 del primer caso hacen
un total de 510.

12
Solución: [Link]

13
Sea M el punto medio del segmento AD . Trazamos el segmento DE , y AE  ED pues EF es
la mediatriz de AD . Sean G , H los pies de las bisectrices por B y C respectivamente.
La clave de este problema es demostrar que FAM  C / 2 y EAM  B / 2
Aplicando el Teorema del Seno a los triángulos ABE y EBD , y teniendo en cuenta que
ABE  EBD , tenemos:
sin ABE sin BAE 
 
AE BE  sin BAE sin BDE
   sin BAE  sin BDE
sin BDE sin EBD  BE BE

BE DE  

Puesto que BD  AB , los triángulos ABE y EBD no son congruentes, luego

BAE  BDE , y por tanto BAE y BDE son suplementarios.

Esto significa que AEDB es un cuadrilátero cíclico y que, por tanto:

1
DAE  EBD  B
2
1
De la misma forma se demuestra que FAD  FCB  C
2
5  4 20
Por 11.4.4a tenemos: BD    2 , DC  5  2  3 .
4  6 10
Por 11.4.4b tenemos: AD 2  4  6  2  3  24  6  18  AD  18  3 2
3 2
Y por tanto: AM 
2

Por el Teorema del Coseno en ABC :

1
6 2  4 2  52  2  4  5  cos B  36  16  25  40  cos B  cos B 
8

2
1 1 63 63 3 7
sin B  1  cos B  1     1 
2 2
  sin B  
8 64 64 64 8
3 7
Y de la misma manera deducimos que cos C  y sin C  .
4 4
Con aplicando la fórmula de la tangente del ángulo mitad:
B sin B 3 7 /8 3 7 /8 3 7 7
tan DAE  tan     
2 1  cos B 1  1 / 8 9/8 9 3
C sin C 7 /4 7 /4 7
tan DAF  tan    
2 1  cos C 1  3 / 4 7/4 7

Finalmente:
 7 7  1 9  10 7  15 7
AEF   1 AM 2 tan DAE  tan DAF   1 9     
2 2 2 3 7  2 2  21  14

Fuente: [Link]

14
El enunciado nos está diciendo que P(3), P(4), P(a), P(b) son raíces del polinomio P(x) , que
solo puede tener dos raíces diferentes, digamos m, n .
Por Vieta sabemos que podemos escribir P( x)  x2  (m  n) x  mn
Por lo tanto se pueden dar fundamentalmente dos casos:
a) m  P(3)  P(4), n  P(a)  P(b)
P(3)  P(4)  32  3(m  n)  mn  42  4(m  n)  mn 
9  3(m  n)  16  4(m  n)  m  n  7

P(a)  P(b)  a 2  a(m  n)  mn  b 2  b(m  n)  mn 

a 2  a ( m  n)  b 2  b( m  n) 
a 2  b 2  a(m  n)  b(m  n)  (a  b)(m  n) 
(a  b)(a  b)  (a  b)(m  n) 
a  b  m  n  7  (a  b)2  7 2  49
En donde hemos utilizado la hipótesis a  b

a) m  P(3)  P(a), n  P(4)  P(b)

P(3)  P(a)  32  3(m  n)  mn  a 2  a(m  n)  mn 
9  3(m  n)  a 2  a(m  n) 
9  a 2  3(m  n)  a(m  n)  (3  a)(m  n) 
(3  a)(3  a)  (3  a)(m  n)  3  a  m  n

La condición P(4)  P(b) nos lleva, con un razonamiento similar, a 4  b  m  n

Pero, por otro lado

m  P(3)  P(a)  32  3(m  n)  mn  a 2  a(m  n)  mn  m
n  P(4)  P(b)  42  4(m  n)  mn  b2  b(m  n)  mn  n

Y restando ambas ecuaciones llegamos a

7  (m  n)  n  m  7  m  n  n  m  7  n  n  7  2n  n  7 / 2
 7
42  4(m  n)  mn  n  16  4 m    m   32  42m  7   7m  7
7 7
 2 2 2
 32  8m  28  7m  7  3  32  28  7  m

Y por tanto
7 5 
a  m  n  3  3  3
2 2  5 7
 ab    6  (a  b)2  (6)  36
7  7 2 2
b  m  n  4  3   4 
2 
2 

Finalmente: 49  36  85

15
Solucionaremos este problema mediante potencias.
Sea D  AH  BC , y P  AH   . Sabemos por 11.6.9a que HD  DP .
Por potencia de H en  ,
12  2  6  HX  HY  HA HP  HA 2HD  3  2HD  HD  DP  2
Sea K la intersección de XY y BC. Por potencia de K en HBC  y en  , tenemos
KH 2  KB  BC  KX  KY  ( KH  2)( KH  6)  KH  3

Aplicando Pitágoras en KHD , KD2  KH 2  HD2  32  22  5

Sea x  BD , y  CD . Por potencia de D en  , xy  BD  CD  AD  DP  (3  2)  2  10
De nuevo, por potencia de K en HBC  y en  , tenemos
 
9  KH 2  KB  KC  ( KD  x)( KD  y)  5  x 5  y 
Luego tenemos que resolver el sistema
 xy  10

  
9  5  x 5  y  5  5 ( x  y)  xy  5  5 ( x  y)  10  5 ( y  x)  5
142
  y  x 
14
14  5 ( y  x)  y  x 
2

5 5
( x  y ) 2  x 2  y 2  2 xy 

  ( x  y )  ( x  y )  4 xy  4 10  40 
2 2

( x  y )  x  y  2 xy 
2 2 2

14 2 200  14 2 396 6 11
BC  ( x  y )  40  ( x  y )  40 
2 2 2
   BC 
5 5 5 5
AD  BC 5  6  11
Finalmente, ABC     3 55
2 2 5

Fuente de esta versión: [Link]

AIME II 2020 Enunciados

1
Determina todas las parejas de enteros positivos (m, n) tales que m2n  2020 .

2
Sea P un punto tomado aleatoriamente en el interior del cuadrado unidad de vértices
(0,0) , (1,0) , (1,1) y (0,1) . Consideramos la pendiente de la recta determinada por P y el
 5 3 1
punto  ,  . ¿Cuál es la probabilidad de que dicha pendiente sea mayor que ?
8 8 2

3
Resuelve la siguiente ecuación:
log 2 x 320  log 2 x3 32020

4
Sean ABC y A' B' C ' triángulos en el plano cartesiano con vértices A  (0,0) ,
B  (0,12) , C  (16,0) , A' (24,18) , B' (36,18) , C ' (24,2) . Una rotación de m
grados, con 0  m  180 , en el sentido de las agujas del reloj alrededor del punto ( x, y)
transforma ABC en A' B' C ' . Determina m, x, y .

5
Dado un entero positivo n , sea f (n) la suma de los dígitos de la representación de n
en base cuatro, y sea g (n) la suma de los dígitos de la representación de f (n) en base
ocho.
Por ejemplo: f (2020)  f 1332104   10  128 , y g (2020)  1  2  3 .
Determina el valor mínimo de n de forma que la representación en base 16 de g (n) no
pueda ser representada usando solo los dígitos 0 a 9.

6
5 tn 1  1
Definimos la siguiente secuencia recursiva: t1  20 , t2  21 , y tn  .
25 tn  2
Determina t2020 .

7
Dos conos rectos iguales cada uno de ellos con radio de la base 3 y altura 8 se cortan en
ángulo recto por sus ejes de simetría en el punto interior de los conos a distancia 3 de
sus respectivas bases. Determina el radio de la esfera más grande que podemos trazar en
la zona común de ambos conos.
8
Definimos recursivamente la siguiente sucesión de funciones:
f1 ( x )  x  1
f n ( x)  f n 1  x  n  para todo entero n  1 .
Determina el valor mínimo de n para el que la suma de los ceros de f n (x) exceda
500000.

9
Mientras ven un espectáculo, Ayako, Billy, Carlos, Dahlia, Ehuang y Frank se sientan
en este orden en una fila de seis bancos. Durante el intermedio, salen a tomar algo, y al
volver se sienten en esos mismos asientos de manera que, si dos de ellos estaban
sentados juntos antes, ahora no lo están. ¿De cuantas formas posibles se han podido
sentar al volver del intermedio?

10
Determina la suma de todos los enteros positivos n tales que, cuando
13  23  33  ...  n3 se divide entre n  5 , el residuo es 17.

11
Sea P( x)  x2  3x  7 , y sean Q(x) y R(x) dos polinomios cuadráticos que también
tienen el coeficiente de x 2 igual a 1. David calcula cada una de las tres sumas P  Q ,
P  R y Q  R y comprueba sorprendido que cada pareja de estas sumas tiene una raíz
en común, y que dichas raíces son distintas. Si además sabemos que Q(0)  2 ,
determina R(0) .

12
Sean m y n números enteros impares mayores que 1. Dibujamos un rectángulo de
m n casillas, todas ellas cuadrados de una unidad de lado, que numeraremos de forma
ordenada: En la fila superior, de izquierda a derecha, los números del 1 a n . En la
segunda fila, de izquierda a derecha, los números de n  1 a 2n . Y así sucesivamente.
Supongamos que la casilla correspondiente al número 200 está en la fila superior, y que
la casilla correspondiente al número 2000 está en la fila inferior.
Determina el número de pares ordenados  m, n  de números impares mayores que 1
con la siguiente propiedad:
En el rectángulo m n generado con ellos de la forma anterior, la recta que une los
centros de las casillas correspondientes a los números 200 y 2000 pasa por el interior de
la casilla correspondiente al número 1099.
13
Sea un pentágono convexo ABCDE con lados AB  5 , BC  CD  DE  6 y EA  7 .
Además, sabemos que dicho pentágono tiene una circunferencia inscrita (una
circunferencia tangente a todos los lados del pentágono). Determina el área de dicho
pentágono.

14
Para cada número real x sea x  el mayor entero menor o igual que x , y definimos
x  x  x como la parte decimal de x . Por ejemplo, 3  0 y  4.56  0.56 . Si
definimos f ( x)  xx , determina el número de soluciones reales de la ecuación
f  f  f x   17 con 0  x  2020 .

15
Dado un triángulo acutángulo ABC , sean P y Q los pies de las perpendiculares de C
en AB y de B en AC , respectivamente. La recta PQ corta el circuncírculo de ABC en
los puntos X, Y. Supongamos que XP  10 , PQ  25 y QY  15 . Determina el valor de
AB  AC .
AIME II 2020 Soluciones

1
2020  240520 , y por tanto los enteros m y n deben ser de la forma m  2a5b y n  2c5d

Luego
 2
m2 n  2020  2a5b 2c5d  240520  22 a52b 2c5d  240520 
2a  c  40
22 a  c52b  d  240520  
2b  d  20

La ecuación 2a  c  40 tiene las siguientes soluciones:

a  0, c  40 , a  1, c  38 , a  2, c  36,..., a  20, c  0 , hay 21 en total.
La ecuación 2b  d  20 tiene las siguientes soluciones:
b  0, d  20 , b  1, d  18 , b  2, d  16,..., b  10, d  0, hay 11 en total.
Luego el total de parejas será 2111  231.

2
 5 3 1
Determinamos la recta que pasa por el punto P   ,  y tiene pendiente :
8 8 2
1 3 1 5 3 1 5 1 1 1
y  xb   bb      y  x
2 8 28 8 2 8 16 2 16

La zona que buscamos son todos aquellos puntos del cuadrado unidad que estén por encima de
esta recta, a su derecha, o por debajo si están a su izquierda.
Determinamos sus puntos de corte con los bordes del cuadrado:

1 1 1  1
x0 y  0    A   0, 
2 16 16  16 
1 1 9  9
x 1 y  1    B   0, 
2 16 16  16 
Determinamos el área de esta zona en dos rectángulos y dos triángulos:
5 1 5 5 1 3 3 1 3 7 86 43 43
F            
8 16 16 8 2 8 16 2 8 16 8 16  2 8 16 128

Puesto que el área total es igual al área del cuadrado de lado 1,

T  12  1

F 43 / 128 43
Y la probabilidad es  
T 1 128

3
Primera versión.

32020  320100 20  320101  320   101

luego
log 2 x3 32020  log 2 x3 320   101
 101 log 2 x3 320

Y por tanto

log 2 x 3  log 2 x3 3

20 2020
 
 log 2 x3 3 20 101
 101 log 2 x3 3  101 
20
log 2 x 320
log 2 x3 320

log a c
Ahora aplicamos la fórmula del cambio de base:  log a b
log b c

Y por tanto:
log 2 x 320 x3
101  20
 log 2 x 2 x 3 
log 2 x3 3 x

Esto último se puede justificar mediante el concepto de logaritmo: 2 x   ( x  3) / x

 2 x 3

Así pues, llegamos finalmente a la ecuación

x3 3
101   101x  x  3  100 x  3  x 
x 100

Segunda versión.
m
Utilizando la identidad log a n b m  log a b
n

Esta ecuación se reduce a

20 2020 20 2020 3
log 2 3  log 2 x 320  log 2 x3 32020    x
x x3 x x3 100
4
Primera versión.
La rotación genera circunferencias concéntricas en su centro O. Dicho centro queda
determinado por la intersección de dos radios, que serán perpendiculares a dos cuerdas por su
punto medio.

A  A' (0,0)  (24,18)

M   (12,9) ,
2 2

AA'  A' A  (24,18)  (0,0)  (24,18)  (4,3)  v  (3,4)
El primer radio será la recta
x  12 y  9
  4( x  12)  3( y  9)  4 x  48  3 y  27  4 x  3 y  75
3 4
B  B' (0,12)  (36,18)
N   (18,15)
2 2

BB'  B' B  (36,18)  (0,12)  (36,6)  (6,1)  w  (1,6)
El segundo radio será la recta
x  18 y  15
  6( x  18)  1( y  15)  6 x  108   y  15  6 x  y  123
1 6
El centro de la rotación será su punto de intersección:
4 x  3 y  75
  y  123  6 x  4 x  3(123  6 x)  75  4 x  369  18 x  75
6 x  y  123 
 14 x  294  x  21  y  123  6  21  3
Luego el centro de rotación es el punto (21,3)

Vemos que esta rotación transforma una recta horizontal (el lado AC) en una recta vertical (el
lado A'C'), luego será una rotación de m  90º . Esto también se puede observar determinado,
por ejemplo, los vectores OA y OA' y viendo que son perpendiculares.

Segunda versión.
Si en primer lugar nos percatamos de que la rotación es de 90º, viendo que transforma un
segmento horizontal en uno vertical, la determinación del centro O  ( x, y) es mucho más fácil,
pues sabemos que el segmento de (0,0) a ( x, y) y el segmento ( x, y) a ( x  y, y  x) son
perpendiculares y tienen la misma longitud. Así pues, llegamos a
 x  y  24
( x  y, y  x)  A'  (24,18)    ( x, y)  (21,3)
 y  x  18
5
Analizando detenidamente la larga cadena de operaciones involucradas en este problema,
podemos especular que g (n)  10 , el primer valor que no se puede representar en base 16 con
los dígitos  0 ,1, 2 , ... , 9  .

En base 8 disponemos de los dígitos del 0 al 7, y por lo tanto, el valor mínimo para que la suma
sea 10 será 3+7, es decir, el número 378  3  8  7  31 .

Finalmente, buscamos un número cuya suma de dígitos en su representación en base 4 sea 31.
En base 4 tenemos los dígitos  0 ,1, 2 , 3 . 31  3 10  1 , luego el número buscado será
 
n  133333333334  1 411  3  410  3  49  ...  3  4  3  40  411  3 410  49  ...  4  1

Aplicando la fórmula de la serie geométrica:

1  411 411  1
4  4  ...  4  1 
10 9

1 4 3

Para calcular 411  222 a mano vamos calculando potencias de 2:

210  1024
220  1024 1024  1048576
411  222  220  4  4194304

Con lo que, finalmente:

 411  1 
n  411  3   2097151
 3 

6
Primera versión.
5  21  1 106 53
t3   
25  20 25  20 250
53 53 53  50
5 1 1
53  50 103
t4  250  50  50  
25  21 25  21 25  21 25  21  50 25  21  50
103 103
5 1 1
25  21  50 5  21  50  103  10  103  5  21  50  10
t5     1    
25 
53 53  5  21  50  53  5  21  50  53
250 10
 5353  10  53  101  10 101 101 101
      
 5  21  50  53  5  21  50  53 5  21  5 5  21  5 525
101 101
5 1 1
525  101  21  50 206 21  50 2  21  50
t6   105   1    
25
103 103  105  103 105 103 105
25  21  50 21  50
2  21  10
  2  100  20
21
5  20  1 5  20  1 101
t6     21
101 101 101
25 25
525 525 21
 53 103 101 
Luego vemos que hay un bucle de longitud 5:  20 , 21 , , , 
 250 25  21  50 525 
101
Y puesto que 2020  404  5 , t2020  t5 
525

Segunda versión.
Similar a la primera, para ahorrarnos cálculos podemos definir sn  5 tn , y por tanto
5 t  1 sn 1  1 s 1
tn  n 1   sn  n 1
25 tn  2 5 sn  2 sn  2
Con s1  100 y s2  105 . Ahora hacemos los cálculos:
53 103 101
s3  , s4  , s5  , s6  100 y s7  105 .
50 105  50 105
Y observamos el bucle.

Tercera versión. (Oficial de la MAA)

En general, para una sucesión de la forma
k b 1
t1  a , t2  b , t3  2
k a
Tenemos:
k (kb  1) /( k 2 a)  1 (kb  1) /( k a)  1  kb  1  1 kb  1 1
t4     1 2   2 
 ka  k b kak b k b
2 2 2
k b k b
kb  1 1 kb  1 ka ka  kb  1
 3
 2  3  3 
ak b k b ak b ak b k 3 ab
 ka  kb  1  a   ka  kb  1  a 
t5   k  1     1  
 k 3
ab  k b  1   k 2
ab  k b  1 
ka  kb  1 a a ka  kb  1 2
k ab
   2  2 
k ab k b  1 k b  1 k bk b  1 k bk b  1
2

ka  kb  1  k 2 ab ak  1
 
k 2 bk b  1 bk 2
Y finalmente t6  a y t7  b
Y observamos el bucle de longitud 5.
7
Dibujando la situación de los dos conos podemos especular que el radio que nos piden es la
distancia del centro a la apotema:

Que la podemos representar como la distancia del punto (3,3) a la recta que pasa por (0,6) y
3
(8,3) , es decir, la recta y  x  6  3x  8 y  48  0
8

La distancia la podemos calcular por la conocida fórmula de la distancia de un punto a una

recta:
3  3  8  3  24 15
d   1.76
3 8
2 2
73

8
Solución: [Link]
9
Este problema se puede resolver por "bashing", "machaqueo", es decir: generando todo el árbol
de posibilidades. Por simetría nos reduciremos a detallar todas las posibilidades que comienzan
por "A", "B" o "C", y multiplicaremos por 2:

En total hay 45  2  90 posibilidades diferentes.

10
Primera versión.
n 2 n  1
2
13  23  33  ...  n3 
4

n 2 n  1
2
Queremos resolver la congruencia  17 mod (n  5)
4

n 2 n  1 n 2 n  1
2 2
 17 mod (n  5)   k (n  5)  17
4 4
 n 2 n  1  4k (n  5)  4 17  4k (n  5)  68 
2

n 2 n  1  68 mod (n  5)
2

Pero observamos que

n  5 mod (n  5)  n 2   5 mod (n  5)
2

n  1  4 mod (n  5)  n  1   4 mod (n  5)
2 2

Y por tanto
n2 n  1  (5) 2 (4) 2  25 16  400 mod (n  5)
2

Luego
400  68 mod (n  5)  400  68  0 mod (n  5)  332  0 mod (n  5)
 n  5 | 332  22  83
Con las condiciones del enunciado estamos suponiendo implícitamente que n  5  17 , luego
las únicas posibilidades son n  5  83,166 , 332  n  78 ,161, 327 .
Comprobamos estas soluciones, y vemos que se cumple para 78 y para 161, pero no para 327:
n 2 n  1
2
n  327   100 mod (n  5)
4
Luego las soluciones son n  78 ,161 .

Observación. Las comprobaciones exigen cálculo manual con números grandes. Por ejemplo:

n  106929
2

n  327  

(n  1)  107584
2

Segunda versión. Mediante aritmética modular.

n 2 n  1
2
 17 mod (n  5) 
4
n 2 n  1  68 mod (n  5) 
2

n 2 n  1  68  0 mod (n  5) 
2

n  5 | n 2 n  1  68  n 4  2n 3  n 2  68
2

Realizando la división sintética tenemos que

n 4  2n3  n 2  68  n3  3n 2  16n  80n  5  332 
n 4  2n3  n 2  68 332
 n3  3n 2  16n  80 
n5 n5

Y por tanto
n  5 | n 2 n  1  68 
332
Z
2

n5

Y se sigue igual que en la primera versión.

Tercera versión.
n  m  5
Con un cambio de variable: m  n  5  
n  1  m  4
Y por tanto
n 2 n  1 (m  5) 2 (m  4) 2
2
 17 mod (n  5)   17 mod m 
4 4
(5) 2 (4) 2 400
 17 mod m   17 mod m  400  4 17 mod m 
4 4
400  68 mod m  400  68  0 mod m  332  0 mod m  m | 332  n  5 | 332

Y se sigue igual que en la primera versión.

Fuente de estas soluciones: [Link]
11
P( x )  x 2  3 x  7
Q( x)  x2  a x  2
R( x )  x 2  b x  c
P( x)  Q( x)  2 x2  (a  3) x  5
P( x)  R( x)  2 x 2  (b  3) x  (c  7)
Q( x)  R( x)  2 x2  (a  b) x  (c  2)

Sea r la raíz común de P( x)  Q( x) y P( x)  R( x) .

Sea s la raíz común de P( x)  R( x) y Q( x)  R( x) .
Sea t la raíz común de P( x)  Q( x) y Q( x)  R( x) .

Entonces está claro que P( x)  Q( x) tiene raíces r y t, P( x)  R( x) tiene raíces r y s, y

Q( x)  R( x) tiene raíces s y t.

Luego, aplicando Vieta:

P( x)  Q( x)  2 x 2  (a  3) x  5  2( x  r )( x  t )  2 x 2  2(t  r ) x  2tr 
a  3  2(t  r )

 5  2tr
P( x)  R( x)  2 x 2  (b  3) x  (c  7)  2( x  r )( x  s)  2 x 2  2(r  s) x  2rs 
b  3  2(r  s)

c  7  2rs
Q( x)  R( x)  2 x 2  (a  b) x  (c  2)  2( x  s)( x  t )  2 x 2  2( s  t ) x  2st 
a  b  2( s  t )

c  2  2st
Con lo que tenemos el siguiente sistema (del que solo nos interesa determinar c)
a  3  2(t  r )
 5  2tr

b  3  2(r  s)

c  7  2rs
a  b  2( s  t )

c  2  2 st

a  2(t  r )  3 
 3
b  2(r  s)  3  2(t  r )  3  2(r  s)  3  2( s  t )  4r  6  0  r 
2
a  b  2( s  t ) 

  3
a  3  2 t  2 
  
 3 a  3  2t  3
 5  2t  5  3t  t  5 / 3
 2  c  7  3s
 3  b  3  3  2s  c  52 / 19
b  3  2  s     5  
 2  c  7  3s c  2  2s 3 s  27 / 19
 3 a  b  2( s  t )
c  7  2 s 
 2 c  2  2st
a  b  2( s  t )

c  2  2st

52
La solución es R(0)  c  .
19

12
Solución: [Link]

13
Primera versión. Sin determinar el radio.
Sean P, Q, R, S , T los respectivos puntos de tangencia a los lados AB , BC , CD , DE , EF.
Sea x  PB  PQ , y  QC  CR , z  RD  DS , t  ES  ET , u  AT  AP

Se plantea el siguiente sistema que tiene solución única:

u  x  5  x  2
x  y  6  y  4
 
 y  z  6  z  2
z  t  6 t  4
 
t  u  7 u  3

Prolongamos la recta CD hasta cortar en N a AE y en M a AB

Por el criterio SSS de congruencia de triángulos,
PIB  QIB  QIB  SID  RID  ABC  CDE
Y de la misma forma:
CIQ  CIR  EIS  EIT  BCD  DEA .
Luego, por triángulos suplementarios y el criterio ASA, BMC  DNE , y por tanto
N  M

Sea a  EN  MC y b  ND  MB . Por tangentes concurrentes tenemos a  4  b  2 ,

Es decir, ND  MB  a  2 .

Aplicando el Teorema del Coseno en BMC :

6 2  a 2  (a  2) 2  2a(a  2)CosM 
6 2  a 2  (a  2) 2 6 2  a 2  (a 2  4a  4) 6 2  a 2  a 2  4a  4
CosM    
 2a(a  2)  2a(a  2)  2a(a  2)
2a 2  4a  32 a 2  2a  16
 
2a(a  2) a(a  2)

Aplicando el Teorema del Coseno en AMN :

(a  2  5) 2  (a  2  6  a) 2  (a  7) 2  2(a  2  6  a)(a  7)CosN 
(a  7) 2  (2a  8) 2  (a  7) 2  2(2a  8)(a  7)CosN 
0  (2a  8) 2  2(2a  8)(a  7)CosN 
2(2a  8)(a  7)CosN  (2a  8) 2 
(2a  8) 2 2a  8 a4
CosN   
2(2a  8)(a  7) 2(a  7) a  7

a 2  2a  16 a  4   14 
Luego:   a , 8
a(a  2) a7  3 
La única solución válida es la positiva a  8 , y por tanto el triángulo ANM es un triángulo de
lados 15, 15, 24.
La altura de ANM por A tiene longitud h2  152  122  225  144  81  h  9 ,
24  9
Y por lo tanto el triángulo ANM tiene área ANM    12  9  108 .
2
Los triángulos END y BCM tienen lados 6,8,10, y por tanto sus áreas son, aplicando la
fórmula de Heron:
s  (6  8  10) / 2  12
END  BCM   12(12  6)(12  8)(12  10)  12  6  4  2  24

Y, finalmente, el área del pentágono será ANM  2END  108  2  24  60

Segunda versión. Determinando el radio.

Sea r el radio de la circunferencia inscrita, y sea R el punto de tangencia entre la circunferencia
y el lado CD . Como en la primera versión, hemos determinado los segmentos entre los puntos
de contacto y los vértices del pentágono:

1
Observamos que B  D , C  E , CRI  DRI  90º , IAB  IAE  A
2
La suma de los ángulos internos de los pentágonos ABCRI y AEDRI es la misma.

IAB  B  C  CRI  RIA  IAE  E  D  DRI  RIA

(Nota: De aquí, en las soluciones oficiales “MAA 1” se deduce que RIA  180º . Yo no veo
como se llega a este resultado.)

Luego los puntos R, I, A están alineados.

Ahora aplicamos Pitágoras a los triángulos rectángulos ARC y ARD

AR 2  AD 2  22 

2
 AD 2  22  AC 2  42  AC 2  AD 2  42  22  12 (*)
AR  AC  4 
2 2


Por otro lado, podemos determinar AC 2  AD 2 mediante trigonometría:

 B  r 1  tan2 (B / 2) 1  r 2 / 4 4  r 2
tan    cosB    
 2  2 1  tan2 (B / 2) 1  r 2 / 4 4  r 2

 E  r 1  tan 2 (E / 2) 1  r 2 / 16 16  r 2
tan    cos E    
 2  4 1  tan 2 (E / 2) 1  r 2 / 16 16  r 2

Y ahora, aplicando el Teorema del Coseno a los triángulos AED y ABC

16  r 2
AD  AE  ED  2  AE  ED  Cos(E )  7 6 2  7  6 
2 2 2 2 2

16  r 2

4  r2
AC 2  AB 2  BC 2  2  AB  BC  Cos(B)  52 62 2  5  6 
4  r2

Y por tanto
4  r2  2 2 16  r 2 
AC  AD  5 6 2  5  6 
2 2 2 2
  7 6 2  7  6  
4  r 2  16  r 2 
4  r2 16  r 2
 52 62 2  5  6   7 2
 6 2
2  7  6  
4  r2 16  r 2
16  r 2 4  r2
 276  256  7 2  24
16  r 2
4r 2

Uniendo esta igualdad con (*) obtenemos la ecuación

16  r 2 4  r2
276  256  24  12 
16  r 2 4  r2
16  r 2 4  r2
276  2  5  6   36 
16  r 2 4  r2
16  r 2 4  r2
7  5  3
16  r 2 4  r2
      
7 16  r 2 4  r 2  5 4  r 2 16  r 2  3 16  r 2 4  r 2  
Tenemos una ecuación bicuadrada en la que, con el cambio de variable x  r 2 , llegamos a
4 / 5
5 x 2  84 x  64  0  x  r 2  
16

La solución r 2  4 / 5 corresponde a una estrella de cinco puntas, que no es convexa. Además,

si r  3 , entonces tanD / 2 , tanE / 2 y tanC / 2 y por tanto D , E y C son
ángulos agudos, lo que no puede pasar en un pentágono convexo. Así pues,
r 2  16  r  4
Y el área es 4  15  60 (el radio multiplicado por el semiperímetro del pentágono).

Fuente de estas versiones: Art of Problem Solving.

14
Solución: [Link]

15
Primera versión.
Sean a  AP , b  BP , c  AQ , d  CQ .

Aplicando potencia de un punto:

ab  10(25  15)  400
cd  15(10  25)  525

Observamos que el cuadrilátero PQCB es cíclico, pues BPC  BQC  90º .

Luego AQP  B y APQ  C , y por tanto APQ  AQP , y en consecuencia

 aa  b   cc  d   a 2  ab  c 2  cd  a 2  400  c 2  525 

a c

cd ab
 a 2  c 2  125

Por otro lado, aplicando el Teorema del Coseno en APQ :

625  252  a 2  c 2  2ac cos A
c
Y observamos que cos A 
ab

Luego
c c a
625  25 2  a 2  c 2  2ac  a 2  c 2  2ac  a 2  c 2  2ac 2 2 
ab 400 a  400
a
a

 c 2  125  c 2  2 2
2 2
c a
 c 2  125  c 2  2 2
2 2

c c  125 
 2c 2  125  2 2

c 2 c 2  125 
a  400 c  125  400 c  525

Luego todo se reduce a solucionar la ecuación

625  2c 2  125  2 2

c 2 c 2  125  
c 2 c 2  125
 500  2c 2  2 2

 250  c 2  2

c 2 c 2  125 
c  525 c  525 c  525

 250 
c (c  525)  c c  125
2 2 2

2
 
 250(c 2  525)  c 2 (c 2  525)  c 2 c 2  125 
c  525
2

250(c  525)  c  525c 2  c 4  125c 2  400c 2 

2 4

250c 2  250  525  400c 2  0  150c 2  250  525  0  c 2  875  c 2  875  c  5 35

Con este resultado se deducen el resto de incógnitas:

525 105
cd  525  d  
5 35 35
a 2  c 2  125  875  125  1000  a  1000  10 10
400 40
ab  400  b  
10 10 10

Finalmente,
 40  105 
AB  AC  (a  b)(c  d )  10 10   5 35  
 10  35 
 40 10  105 35 
 10 10   5 35 


 10  35 
   
 10 10  4 10 5 35  3 35  14 10 8 35   
 112 10 35  560 14

Segunda versión.

Sean a  AP , b  BP , pero ahora definimos k  cos A .

b b a a
Luego  k  AB  ,  k  AC 
AB k AC k

Como en la versión anterior, mediante Potencia de puntos tenemos

b  ab ab
400  10  (25  15)  a  BP  a  ( AB  a)  a    a    a2  k  2
k  k a  400
a  ab ab
525  15  (10  15)  b  CQ  b  ( AC  b)  b    b    b2  k  2
k  k b  525
De donde deducimos que
ab ab
k 2  2  a 2  400  b2  525  a 2  b2  125
a  400 b  525

Por otro lado, aplicando el Teorema del Coseno en APQ :

625  252  a2  b2  2abk

Para resolver este sistema de ecuaciones realizamos el siguiente cambio de variable:

u  a 2  400  b2  525

ab
Luego k  , a  u  400 , b  u  525 y por tanto:
u

a 2b 2 (u  400)(u  252)
625  u  400  u  525  2  2u  925  2 
u u
(u  400)(u  252)
1550  2u  2 
u
(u  400)(u  252) a  1000
775  u   u  1400  
u b  875

a b ab u 2 1400 1400
Y, finalmente, AB  AC       560 14
k k ab ab ab 1000  857
u u
Fuente de estas soluciones: [Link]
AIME 2019 Enunciados y soluciones
Existe copia de este documento en formato Word: [Link]

AIME I 2019 Enunciados

1
Consideremos el entero N  9  99  999  9999  ..  99
...
99
321cifras

Calcula la suma de todas las cifras de N.

2
Jenn toma aleatoriamente un número J entre 1,2,3,...,19,20. Después Bela toma
aleatoriamente un número B entre 1, 2, 3,..., 19, 20, distinto de J. ¿Cuál es la
probabilidad de que B  J sea como mínimo 2?

3
En el triángulo PQR , PR  15 , QR  20 y PQ  25 . Sean los puntos A y B en PQ ,
C y D en QR y E y F en PR , con PA  QB  QC  RD  RE  PF  5 . Determina el
área del hexágono ABCDEF .

4
Un equipo de fútbol dispone de 22 jugadores. Un conjunto fijo de 11 jugadores empieza
el partido, mientras que los 11 restantes quedan como substitutos. Durante el partido, el
entrenador pude hacer hasta un máximo de 3 substituciones, en las que uno de 11
jugadores en el partido puede ser reemplazado por uno de los substitutos. Ningún
jugador que haya sido reemplazado puede volver a jugar, y un substituto que haya
entrado a jugar se puede reemplazar. No se pueden hacer dos subtitutituciones al mismo
tiempo. Determina el número total de posibles substituciones que puede hacer el
entrenador, sabiendo que los jugadores involucrados y el orden de las substituciones
importa.
5
Una partícula empieza en el punto (4,4) y se mueve hasta alcanzar uno de los ejes de
coordenadas. Cuando la partícula se encuentra en el punto (a, b) se puede mover
aleatoriamente hasta el punto (a  1, b) , (a, b  1) o (a  1, b  1) , en cada caso con una
probabilidad 1/3, independientemente de sus movimientos anteriores. Determina la
probabilidad de que alcance el punto (0,0) , representada como m / 3n , con m, n enteros
positivos.

6
En un cuadrilátero convexo KLMN , el lado MN es perpendicular a la diagonal KM ,
el lado KL es perpendicular a la diagonal LN , MN  65 y KL  28 . La recta por L
perpendicular al lado KN corta la diagonal KM en O con KO  8 . Determina MO .

7
Sean x, y enteros positivos satisfaciendo el siguiente sistema de ecuaciones:
log10 x  2 log10 Mcd ( x, y)   60

log10 y  2 log10 mcm( x, y )   570

8
11
Sea x un número real tal que sin10 x  cos10 x  . Determina sin12 x  cos12 x .
36

9
Sea  (n) el número de enteros positivos de n. Determina la suma de los seis enteros
positivos n más pequeños tales que
 (n)   (n  1)  7
10
Supongamos que existen z1 , z2 , ..., z673 números complejos diferentes de forma que el
polinomio
x  z1 3 x  z2 3...x  z6733

se puede expresar como x 2019  20 x 2018  19 x 2017  g ( x) , donde g (x) es un polinomio

con coeficientes complejos con grado menor o igual a 2016. Determina el valor de

z z j k
1 j  k  673

11
Sea ABC un triángulo con longitudes enteras y AB  AC . Sea  una circunferencia
cuyo centro sea el incentro de ABC . Llamamos excírculo de ABC a una
circunferencia en el exterior de ABC que es tangente a un lado del triángulo y
tangente a las extensiones de los otros dos lados. Supongamos que el excírculo tangente
a BC es internamente tangente a  , y que los otros dos excírculos son ambos
externamente tangentes a  . Detemina el valor mínimo posible del perímetro de
ABC .

12
Dada la función f ( z )  z 2  19 z , sabemos que existen números complejos z con la
propiedad de que z , f (z ) y f  f (z ) son los vértices de un triángulo rectángulo en el
plano complejo, con ángulo recto en f (z ) . Existen enteros positivos m y n tales que
uno de estos valores de z es m  n  11i . Determina m  n .

13
Sea ABC un triángulo con AB  4 , BC  5 y CA  6 . Los puntos D y E pertenecen a
la semirrecta AB con AB  AD  AE . Sea el punto F  C el punto de intersección de
los circuncírculos de ACD y EBC cumpliendo DF  2 y EF  7 . Determina la
longitud BE .
14
Determina el menor factor primo impar de 20198  1

15
Sea AB una cuerda de la circunferencia  , y sea P un punto de dicha cuerda AB . La
circunferencia 1 pasa por A y P y es tangente interna a  . La circunferencia 2 pasa
por B y P y es tangente interna a  . Sean P y Q los puntos de corte de 1 y 2 y sean
X e Y los puntos de corte entre la recta PQ y  . Suponiendo AP  5 , PB  3 ,
XY  11 , determinar PQ .
AIME I 2019 Soluciones

1
N  9  99  999  9999  ..  99
 99 
...
321cifras

      
 101  1  102  1  103  1  ...  10321  1
 
 10  10  10  ...  10   1
1 2 3 321
  ...
1  1  10  10
1 2

 103  ...  10321  321  (*)
 321 
10  10  10  ...  10  10  100  1000  ..  100
1 2 3 321
...   111
000
 ...111
0
321 321

(*)  111
 0  321  111
...111 ....
111
0789
321 321 3 318
Las cifras de este número suman 1 318  0  7  8  9  342

2
Hacemos una tabla de casos. En columnas, la bola de Jenn, en filas, la bola de Bela:

El número total de casos es 20  19 (pues descartamos la diagonal), y los casos favorables son
18  19
18  17  16  15  ...  2  1 
2
18  19 / 2 18 / 2 9
Luego la probabilidad es P   
20  19 20 20

3
El área del triángulo PQR se puede calcular mediante la fórmula de Heron:
15  20  25 
s  30
2

30  15  15   30  15 10  5  22500  150
30  20  10 

30  25  5 

Sin embargo, se comprueba que PQR es rectángulo en R, por ejemplo, mediante el Teorema
de Pitágoras:
202  152  625  252
Para calcular el área del triángulo QCB tenemos varias alternativas.
Una de ellas es determinar cos Q mediante el teorema del coseno:
152  252  202  2  25  20 cos Q 
152  252  20 2 4 16 16 9 3
cos Q    cos 2 Q   sin 2 Q  1  cos 2 Q  1    sin Q 
 2  25  20 5 25 25 25 5

Luego QBC   QB  QC sin Q   5  5  

1 1 3 15
2 2 5 2

De la misma manera llegamos a RDE   y PAF   10

25
2

Y por tanto ABCDEF   PQR  QBC   PAF   RDE   120 

15 25
  120
2 2

4
Ordenaremos los casos en función del número de substituciones hechas:

Primer caso: 0 substitutiones.

1 caso.

Segundo caso: 1 substitución.

Hay 11 jugadores potencialmente substituibles y 11 jugadores substitutos, luego en
total:
11  11  121 casos.

Tercer caso: 2 substituciones.

En la segunda substitución tenemos 10 posibles substitutos, luego el total es
11  11  121 casos para la primera substitución, y
11  10  110 para la segunda, 11  11 11  10  13310 casos.

Cuarto caso: 3 substituciones.

Siguiendo la pauta anterior, cada vez tenemos un substituto menos, luego hay:
1111111011 9  1317690 casos
Luego el total es 1  121  13310  1317690  1331122 casos.

5
Sea Pm, n la probabilidad de que alcance el punto (0,0) partiendo del punto (m, n) . Está claro
que, por simetría, Pm, n  Pn, m .

El problema se puede resolver calculando recursivamente las probabilidades, mediante

probabilidad condicional:
1 1 1
Pa ,b  Pa 1,b  Pa 1,b 1  Pa ,b 1
3 3 3
P1,1  1/ 3
1 11 1
P2,1  P1, 2  P1,1  
3 3 3 32
1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 11 5
P2, 2  P1,1  P1, 2  P2,1   2 2  2 3 3  3
3 3 3 33 33 33 3 3 3 33 3
1 1 1 1
P3,1  P1,3  P2,1  2
 3
3 33 3
1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 5 3 1 9 1
P3, 2  P2,3  P2, 2  P1, 2  P3,1  3  2  3  4  4  4  4  2
3 3 3 33 33 33 3 3 3 3 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 3  5  3 11
P3,3  P3, 2  P2, 2  P2,3  2  3  2   4
3 3 3 33 33 33 34 3
1 11 1
P4,1  P3,1  3  4
3 33 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9  3  1 13
P4, 2  P3, 2  P3,1  P4,1  2  3  4   5
3 3 3 33 33 33 35 3
1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 13 73
P4,3  P3,3  P3, 2  P4, 2  4  2  5  6
3 3 3 33 33 33 3
1 1 1 1 73 1 11 1 73 245
P4, 4  P4,3  P3,3  P3, 4   6   4   6  7
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3

6
Primera versión. Por trigonometría.
Sea P  LO  KN .
Sean   MKN y   LNK .
Por ser KLN recto, tenemos   KLP , y por tanto:
KP  28 sin   8 cos   7 sin   2 cos 

Por otro lado, aplicando la versión extendida del Teorema del seno,
65 28
2 R  KN    65 sin   28 sin 
sin  sin 
Con las dos identidades anteriores llegamos a
sin  65
tan   
cos  98

Y por ser KMN un ángulo recto, se deduce que

65 65
tan     KM  98  OM  KM  8  90
KM 98

Segunda versión. Por semejanza de triángulos.

KPL  KLN  KP KL KL2 282 784

  PKL  LKN    KP   
PKL  LKN  KL KN KN KN KN

De nuevo por el criterio AA,

KP KM KO  KM 8 KM
KMN  KPO    KP  
KO KN KN KN

Con las dos igualdades anteriores llegamos a

784 8KM 784
  KM   98  MO  KM  KO  98  8  90
KN KN 8

Tercera versión. Mediante alturas y el ortocentro.

Prolongamos los lados KL y MN hasta encontrarse en el punto Q.

Sea H el punto de corte de las dos diagonales: H  KM  LN . Está claro que H es el
ortocentro del triángulo KQN .
Trazamos el segmento QH , que será paralelo a LO pues QH es altura de KQN .

OH  8k
LO // HQ  LKO  QKH   para cierto k.
LQ  28k

Por el criterio AA,

KL KM 28 8  8k  HM 8  OM
KLH  KMQ      
KH KQ 8  8k 28  28k 28  28k
282 (1  k )
 8  OM  OM  98  8  90
8(1  k )

Cuarta versión. Mediante potencias.

El cuadrilátero KLMN está inscrito en la circunferencia de diámetro KN , luego
KO  KM  KP  KN

PLN está inscrito en la circunferencia de diámetro LN , y KL es tangente a dicha

circunferencia, puesto que KL  LN .

Luego KL2  KP  KN

De todo lo anterior:
282
8KM  KP  KN  KL2  282  KM   98  OM  98  8  90
8

Quinta versión. Teorema de Pitágoras y machaqueo algebraico.

Sean a  PN , b  KP , c  ON , d  OM , g  LN ,
Aplicando el Teorema de Pitágoras a los triángulos rectángulos que aparecen en el esquema
obtenemos el siguiente sistema de siete ecuaciones y cinco incógnitas:
c 2  d 2  652

(d  8)  65  (a  b)
2 2 2

a 2  e 2  c 2

 2
b  e  8
2 2

b 2  (e  f ) 2  282

a 2  ( e  f ) 2  g 2
 2
 g  28  (a  b)
2 2

Que es equivalente al siguiente:

(d  8) 2  652  (a  b) 2
 2
a  e  d  65
2 2 2

 2
b  e  8
2 2

b 2  (e  f ) 2  282

a 2  (e  f ) 2  282  (a  b) 2


No hace falta resolverlo, solo determinar d.

De la primera ecuación:
(d  8) 2  652  (a  b) 2  d 2  16d  82  652  a 2  2ab  b 2 


a  e  d  65
2 2 2 2


a  e  16d  8  (a  b)  a  (e  f )  28  a  e  f 2  2ef  282 
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

16d  82  f 2  2ef  282

b 2  e 2  82 

2
 82  2ef  f 2  282  2ef  f 2  282  82
b  (e  f )  28  b  e  2ef  f  28 
2 2 2 2 2 2


De lo anterior llegamos a
16d  82  f 2  2ef  282  282  82  282 
282  82
16d  2(282  82 )  8d  282  82  d   90  OM  98  8  90
8

Fuente de estas soluciones: [Link]

7
Sea m el número de factores primos en la factorización de x (no necesariamente diferentes), y
sea n el número de factores primos en la factorización de y (no necesariamente diferentes).
Determina 3m  2n .


60  log10 x  2 log10 Mcd ( x, y)  log10 x  Mcd ( x, y)2 
570  log10 y  2 log10 mcm( x, y)  log10 y  mcm( x, y)2  
Sumando las dos igualdades llegamos a
 
630  log10 x  Mcd ( x, y ) 2  log10 y  mcm( x, y ) 2  

 log10 x  Mcd ( x, y ) 2 y  mcm( x, y ) 2  
x  Mcd ( x, y ) 2 y  mcm( x, y ) 2  10630

Utilizando ahora la identidad

Mcd ( x, y)  mcm( x, y)  x  y

Llegamos finalmente a
x  y  x 2  y 2  x3  y 3  10630  xy  10210  2
 2
 ...
 2  5 5
  ...
 5  m  n  420

210 210

Sean x  2a5b , y  2c5d .

Entonces Mcd ( x, y)  2min(a, c )5min(b, d ) , mcm( x, y)  2max( a,c )5max(b, d ) , y por tanto

 
60  log10 x  Mcd ( x, y ) 2  x  Mcd ( x, y ) 2  1060  260560 
x2 2 min( a , c ) 2 min(b , d )
5 2 5 60 60

2 5 2
a b 2 min( a , c ) 2 min(b , d )
5  260560 
a  2 min( a, c)  60
2a  2 min( a , c )5b  2 min(b , d )  260560  
b  2 min( b, d )  60
570  log10 y  mcm( x, y )   y  mcm( x, y ) 2  10570 
2

2c5d 2max( a , c )5max(b, d )  25705570 

c  2 max( a, c)  570
2c  2 max( a , c )5d  2 max(b, d )  25705570  
d  2 max( b, d )  570
Supongamos a  c , b  d
a  2 min( a, c)  60 a  2a  60 3a  60  a  20
b  2 min( b, d )  60 b  2b  60 3b  60  b  20
  
  
c  2 max( a, c)  570 c  2c  570 3c  570  c  190

d  2 max( b, d )  570 
d  2d  570 
3d  570  d  190
Y por tanto x  220520 , y  21905190 , Mcd ( x, y)  x , mcm( x, y)  y ,
En efecto:
  2
x  Mcd ( x, y)2  1020  1020  1020  1040  1060
10 
y  mcm( x, y)2  10190 190  1028510380  10570
2

Cualquier otra posibilidad nos lleva a una incompatibilidad.

Supongamos a  c , b  d
a  2 min( a, c)  60 a  2a  60 a  20
b  2 min( b, d )  60 b  2d  60 b  360
  
   absurdo.
c  2 max( a, c)  570 c  2c  570 c  190

d  2 max( b, d )  570 
d  2b  570 
d  150

Supongamos a  c , b  d
a  2 min( a, c)  60 a  2c  60 a  360
b  2 min( b, d )  60 b  2b  60 b  20
  
   absurdo.
c  2 max( a, c)  570 c  2a  570 c  150

d  2 max( b, d )  570 
d  2d  570 
d  190

Supongamos a  c , b  d
a  2 min( a, c)  60 a  a  60
b  2 min( b, d )  60 b  2b  60
 
  absurdo.
c  2 max( a, c)  570 c  a  570  a  a  570

d  2 max( b, d )  570 
d  2d  570

La única solución posible es x  220520  m  40 , y  21905190  n  380 , y por tanto

3m  2n  3  40  2  380  880

8
Sean a  sin x y b  cos x . Está claro que a 2  b 2  1.
11 11
 1  (a10  b10 )(a 2  b 2 )  a12  a10b 2  a 2b10  b12  a12  b12  a 2b 2 a8  b8
36 36
 

Luego todo se reduce a determinar a 2b 2 a8  b8  

 3 0  3 1  3  3 3
  
3 2
   2 1
  
0
1  13  (a 2  b 2 )3    a 2 b 2    a 2 b 2    a 2 b 2    a 2 b 2    
 0 1  2  3
 
 b6  3a 2b 4  3a 4b 2  a 6  a 6  b6  3a 2b 2 a 2  b 2  a 6  b6  3a 2b 2

Sea y  a 2b 2 . La igualdad anterior se puede escribir como 1  a 6  b6  3 y  a 6  b6  1  3 y

1  15  (a 2  b 2 )5 
 5
  b    15 a  b 
   a 2
0 2 5 2 1 2 4 5
  b    53 a  b 
   a 2
2 2 3 2 3 2 2

 0    2  
5  5
  
   a 2
4 1
  b 
b 2    a 2
5 2 0
 b10  5a 2b8  10a 4b 6  10a 6b 4  5a 8b 2  a10 
 4  5
 
 a10  b10  5a 2b 2 a 6  b 6  10a 4b 4 a 2  b 2 
  36

11

 5 y a 6  b 6  10 y 2   
1

 5 y 1  3 y   10 y 2
11

36
Resolvemos la ecuación resultante:
 y  1/ 6
 5 y1  3 y   10 y 2  1 
11 11
1  5y  5y2  
36 36 y  5/ 6

La solución y  5 / 6 la descartamos por extraña (???) y nos quedamos con:

1
a 2b 2  y 
6

a 4  b 4  a 2  b 2   2a 2b 2  1  2 
2 1 2
6 3
2 2

 
2 2 1 4 1 4 1
a8  b8  a 4  b 4  2a 4b 4     2    2   
7
 3 6 9 36 9 18 18

Finalmente:

a12  b12 
11
36
 
 a 2b 2 a 8  b8 
11 1 7 11 7
    
13
36 6 18 36 108 54

Fuente de la solución: [Link]

9
Para n  1 ,  (1)  1 ,  (2)  2 y está claro que no cumple la condición. Luego n  2 , y por tanto
 (n) ,  (n  1)  2 y en consecuencia  (n)   (n  1)  7   (n) ,  (n  1)  5 .

 (n)  1  n  1 y ya hemos visto que no cumple la igualdad del enunciado.

Luego las posibilidades que quedan son:

a)  (n)  2 , (n  1)  5
b)  (n)  3 , (n  1)  4
c)  (n)  4 , (n  1)  3
d)  (n)  5 , (n  1)  2

Teniendo en cuenta que:

 ( n)  2  n  p
 ( n)  3  n  p 2
 ( n)  5  n  p 4
n  p  q, p  q
 ( n)  4  2  2  
n  p
3

Tenemos
a) n  p , n  1  p 4
b) n  p 2 , n 1  p q
n  p 2 , n  1  p3
c) n  p 3 , n  1  q 2
n  p q , n  1  q2
d) n  p 4 primo y n 1  q primo.

Observamos que en todos los casos, uno de los dos números consecutivos es la potencia par de
un número primo, y con esto vamos probando casos:
n  3 , n  1  4   (3)  2 ,  (4)  3
22  4   ninguna cumple.
n  4 , n  1  5   (4)  3 ,  (5)  2
n  8 , n  1  9   (8)  4 ,  (9)  3
32  9   ambas cumplen la condición del enunciado.
n  9 , n  1  10   (9)  3 ,  (10)  4
n  15 , n  1  16   (15)  4 ,  (16)  5
24  16   cumple la segunda.
n  16 , n  1  17   (16)  5 ,  (17)  2
n  24 , n  1  25   (24)  8 ,  (25)  3
52  25   cumple la segunda.
n  25 , n  1  26   (25)  3 ,  (26)  4
n  48 , n  1  49   (48)  10 ,  (49)  3
7 2  49   ninguna cumple.
n  49 , n  1  50   (49)  3 ,  (50)  6
n  80 , n  1  81   (80)  10 ,  (81)  5
34  81   ninguna cumple.
n  81 , n  1  82   (81)  5 ,  (82)  4
n  120 , n  1  121   (120)  16 ,  (121)  3
112  121   cumple la segunda.
n  121 , n  1  122   (121)  3 ,  (122)  4
n  168 , n  1  169   (168)  16 ,  (169)  3
132  169   ninguna cumple.
n  169 , n  1  170   (169)  3 ,  (170)  8
n  288 , n  1  289   (288)  18 ,  (289)  3
17 2  289   ninguna cumple.
n  289 , n  1  290   (289)  3 ,  (290)  8
n  360 , n  1  361   (360)  24 ,  (361)  3
192  361   cumple la segunda.
n  361 , n  1  362   (361)  3 ,  (362)  4

Y paramos porque hemos conseguido las seis soluciones pedidas. El resultado es

8+9+16+25+121+361=540

Fuente de esta solución: [Link]/wiki/[Link]/2019_AIME_I_Problems/Problem_9

10
Podemos escribir
p( x)  x  z1  x  z2  ...x  z673  
3 3 3

 x  z1 x  z1 x  z1 x  z2 x  z2 x  z2 ...x  z673 x  z673 x  z673 

Con lo cual tenemos las 3  673  2019 raíces de un polinomio de grado 2019, que se repiten en
grupos de tres:
z1 , z1 , z1 , z2 , z2 , z2 , ..., z673, z673, z673

Podemos aplicar las fórmulas de Vieta (y observando detenidamente que los 2019 complejos
involucrados se van repitiendo en grupos de tres):
 20
 20  z1  z1  z1  z2  z2  z2  ...  z673  z673  z673  3 z
1i 673
i  z
1i 673
i 
3

1 
19   3 zi2   9 zi z j  3 zi2  9 zi z j   zi2  19  9 zi z j 
i i j i i j i 3 i j 
Sea S   z j z k . Entonces  zi2  19  9S 
1
1 j  k  673 i 3

Por otro lado,

2
400   20   
     zi    zi  2 zi z j   zi  2S
2 2

9  3   1i 673  1i 673 i j 1i  673

Y por tanto
 343
 19  9S   2S  S 
400 1
9 3 9

343
Y como nos piden su valor absoluto, el resultado es .
9

11
[Link]

12
Calculamos los “vectores de desplazamiento”:
 
a  z  f ( z)  z  z 2  19 z  z  z 2  19 z  20 z  z 2  z(20  z)
 
b  f ( f ( z ))  f ( z )  ( z  19 z ) 2  19( z 2  19 z )  z 2  19 z 
2

      
 z 2  19 z ( z 2  19 z )  19  1  z 2  19 z z 2  19 z  20  z z  19 z 2  19 z  20  
 z z  19z  1z  20  a( z  1)(19  z )

Aplicando 20.7.5c tenemos:

b a( z  1)(19  z )
a  b   iIR   iIR  ( z  1)(19  z )  iIR
a a

Por el enunciado, sabemos que z  k  11i , luego

z 2  (k  11i ) 2  k 2  112  22ki
18 z  18k  18 11i
( z  1)(19  z )  19 z  z 2  19  z  18 z  z 2  19 
 
 18k  198i  k 2  112  22ki  19  18k  198i  k 2  121  22ki  19 
 18k  k  121  19  198i  22ki  18k  k 2  140  198  22k i
2

Que será un imaginario puro si y solo si 18k  k 2  140  0  k  9  221

Por el enunciado, el complejo buscado será z  9  221  11i , y la respuesta es 221  9  230 .
13
Por el Teorema del Coseno, aplicado al triángulo ABC ,
AB 2  AC 2  AB 2  2  AB  AC  cos C  4 2  6 2  52  2  6  5  cos C 
16  36  25 3
16  36  25  60 cos C  cos C  
 60 4

Sabemos que DFE  ACB . Esto es cierto pues

BEF  DFE  FDA  ACF  ACB  BCF y BEF  BCF

Luego, de nuevo aplicando el Teorema del Coseno en el triángulo DEF :

3
DE 2  DF 2  EF 2  2  DF  EF  cos DEF  22  7 2  2  2  7   4  49  21  32 
4
DE  32  4 2

Sea X  AB  CF , a  BX , b  XD .

 
Por PoP, 4  a  b  CX  XF  a  b  4 2  4b  ab  ab  4 2a  b  2a
b  4 2 7 XF
BCF  BEF  XFE  XBC   
CX 5 a
6 a  4 CX
Por otro lado, CAD  DFC  XCA  XDF   
2 XF b

Con estas ecuaciones ya podemos determinar a y b :

7 XF 
  7a  5 XF 
5 a  7a 2(a  4) 5 5 2
   a  b
6 a4 5 6 4 4
  6 XF  2(a  4)

2 XF 
5 5 2 5  21 2
Y por tanto BE  a  b  DE   4 2 
4 4 4
Fuente: [Link]

14
Buscamos el menor número primo p tal que p | 20198  1
p | 20198  1 
20198  1  0 (mod p) 
20198  1 (mod p)

Entonces, elevando al cuadrado ambos lados, 201916  1 (mod p)

Pero 201916  1 (mod p)  ord p (2019)  1, 2 , 4 , 8 ,16 

Sin embargo, ord p (2019)  1, 2 , 4 , 8   20198  1 (mod p) y no -1, como queríamos, luego
deducimos que ord p (2019)  16 .

Puesto que ord p (2019) |  (p) ,  (p) será un múltiplo de 16.

 1
Puesto que por hipótesis p es primo,  ( p)  p  1    p  1
 p
Y por tanto p  1 (mod16) . Los dos primeros primos que cumplen p  1 (mod16) son 17 y 97.
Sin embargo, 20198  1 (mod17) , pero 20198  1 (mod 97) , luego la solución es 97.

Fuente de esta solución: [Link]

15
Aplicando PoP, 15  5  3  AP  PB  PY  PX , y puesto que, además, PY  PX  11 ,
11 61 11 61
deducimos que PX  , PY  .
2 2

La clave de este problema está en demostrar que Q es el punto medio del segmento XY. Pues
entonces
XY 11 11 11  61 61
QY   , PQ  QY  PY   
2 2 2 2 2

Sea Z el punto de corte de las dos tangentes a  por A y B, respectivamente. AZ es también

tangente a 1 y BZ es tangente también a 2 . Sabemos que Z pertenece al eje radical de 1 y
2 , es decir, a PQ, y sabemos que ZAP  PBZ .
Pero por 10.2.7 se cumple ZAP  AQP y PBZ  PQB , así pues:
AQP  ZAP  PBZ  PQB

De aquí AQZ  ABZ y por tanto AQBZ es un cuadrilátero cíclico.

Por otro lado, si O es el centro de la circunferencia  , sabemos que OAZB es un cuadrilátero

cíclico de radio OZ (puesto que ZBO  ZAO  90º ), y por tanto tenemos que OAZBQ es
cíclico de diámetro OZ, luego, por Tales, OQZ  90º , es decir, OQ  XY , de donde se
deduce que Q es el punto medio de la cuerda XY, tal y como queríamos ver.

Fuente de esta solución: [Link]

AIME II 2019 Enunciados

1
Sean C y D dos puntos distintos a un mismo lado de la recta AB, de forma que ABC y
BAD son congruentes con AB  9 , BC  AD  10 y CA  DB  17 . Determina el
área de la región triangular intersección de estos dos triángulos.

2
Marcamos con 1, 2, 3, … unos nenúfares en fila en un estanque. Una rana genera una
secuencia de saltos empezando en el nenúfar 1. Desde el nenúfar k , la rana puede saltar
al nenúfar k  1 o al nenúfar k  2 al azar, con probabilidad 1 / 2 y con independencia
de los otros saltos. Determina la probabilidad de que la rana pase por el nenúfar 7.

3
Determina el número de 7-tuplas de números positivos (a, b, c, d , e, f , g ) que satisfacen
el siguiente sistema de ecuaciones:
abc  70

cde  71
efg  72


4
Lanzamos un dado cuatro veces. ¿Cuál es la probabilidad de que el producto de los
cuatro lanzamientos sea un cuadrado perfecto?

5
Cuatro embajadores y sus respectivos cuatro consejeros se sientan en una mesa redonda
de 12 asientos, numerados del 1 al 12. Cada embajador debe sentarse en un asiento
numerado como par. Cada consejero debe sentarse en un asiento contiguo a su
embajador. ¿De cuantas formas posibles se pueden sentar?
6
Supongamos que estamos ante una civilización marciana en la que todo logaritmo cuya
base no está especificada se supone de base b , para cierto b  2 fijo. Un estudiante
marciano escribe

3 log x log x  56 
log log x ( x)  54

y encuentra que este sistema de ecuaciones tiene como única solución cierto número
real x  1 . Determina b .

7
Sea ABC el triángulo de lados AB  120 , BC  220 , AC  180 . Trazamos las rectas
l A , l B y lC paralelas a los lados BC , AC y AB , respectivamente, de forma que las
intersecciones de l A , l B y lC con el interior de ABC sean segmentos de longitudes 55,
45 y 15, respectivamente. Determina el perímetro del triángulo cuyos lados pertenecen a
las rectas l A , l B y lC .

8
El polinomio f ( z)  a z 2018  b z 2017  c z 2016 tiene coeficientes reales no superiores a
2019, y
 1  3i 
f    2015  2019 3i

 2 

Determina el residuo cuando f (1) se divide entre 1000.

9
Diremos que un entero positivo n es k-guapo si n tiene exactamente k divisores
positivos y es divisible entre k. Por ejemplo, 18 es 6-guapo. Sea S la suma de todos los
enteros positivos menores de 2019 que sean 20-guapos. Determina S/20.

10
Determina el único ángulo  entre 0º y 360º tal que para todo entero no negativo n , el
 
valor de tan 2n es positivo siempre que n sea múltiplo de 3, y negativo en caso
contrario.
11
Dado el triángulo ABC con AB  7 , BC  8 y CA  9 . Sea 1 la circunferencia que
pasa por el punto B y es tangente a la recta AC en A, y sea  2 la circunferencia que
pasa por el punto C y es tangente a la recta AB en A. Sea K  A el segundo punto de
intersección entre 1 y  2 . Determina AK.

12
Dado un n  1 , diremos que una sucesión finita a1 , a2 , ... , an  de números enteros
positivos es progresiva si ai  ai 1 y ai divide ai 1 para todo 1  i  n  1. Determian el
número de sucesiones progresivas cuya suma de términos sea igual a 360.

13
Sea un octágono regular A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 inscrito en un círculo de área 1. Sea P un
punto en su interior de forma que la región determinada por PA1 , PA2 y el arco menor
A1 A2 de dicho círculo tiene área 1/7, y la región determinada por PA3 , PA4 y el arco
menor A3 A4 de dicho círculo tiene área 1/9. Determina el área de la región determinada
por PA6 , PA7 y el arco menor A6 A7 .

14
Determina todos los posibles valores de enteros positivos n para los cuales 91 céntimos
es el mayor valor que no se puede formar disponiendo de una infinita cantidad de sellos
de 5, n y n  1 céntimos.
15
Dado un triángulo acutángulo ABC , sean P y Q los pies de las perpendiculares de C
en AB y de B en AC , respectivamente. La recta PQ corta el circuncírculo de ABC en
los puntos X, Y. Supongamos que XP  10 , PQ  25 y QY  15 . Determina el valor de
AB  AC .
AIME II 2019 Soluciones

1
Calculamos el área del triángulo ABC  mediante la fórmula de Heron:
s  9  17  10 / 2  18
s  17  1 

  ABC   18 1  8  9  36
s  10  8 
s 9  9 


Sea P el punto de corte entre la altura de ABC  por C y la recta AB.

36  ABC   9  PC  PC  8
1
2

Por Pitágoras:
BP  102  82  100  64  36  6

Sea E el punto de corte entre AC y BD . El triángulo ABE es isósceles en E puesto que

ABC y BAD son congruentes y por tanto DBA  CAB .
Sea Q el punto de corte entre la altura de ABE por E y el lado AB .

AB 9
Por ser ABE isósceles, EP es mediana y por tanto AQ  
2 2

EQ PC EQ 8 12
Por Tales,     EQ 
AQ AP 9/ 2 9 6 5

Y finalmente, AEB  
1 1 12 54
AB  EQ  9  
2 2 5 5
2
Generamos el árbol de posibilidades, hasta con 6 saltos:

Vemos que en total hay 2 6 caminos diferentes, de los cuales son favorables los siguientes:
1 camino en el salto 6.
5 caminos en el salto 5, en total 5 2 .
6 caminos en el salto 4, en total 6 2 2 .
1 caminos en el salto 3, en total 1 23

El total de caminos favorables es 1  5  2  6  22  1 23  43

43 43
La probabilidad es, por tanto, P  
26 64

3
abc  70  2  5  7

cde  71  71
efg  72  23  32


La clave está en la segunda ecuación: cde  71 que es un número primo, luego solo puede
ocurrir uno de los tres casos siguientes:
a) c  1, d  1, e  71
Pero entonces 71  fg  72 , lo cual es imposible.
b) c  71, d  1, e  1
Pero entonces ab  71  70 , lo cual es imposible.
c) c  1, d  71, e  1
Tenemos el sistema
ab  2  5  7

 fg  2  3
3 2

La primera ecuación permite los siguientes valores de a :

a  1,2,5,7,2  5,2  7,5  7,2  5  7 , ocho casos diferentes.
La segunda ecuación permite los siguientes valores de f :
f  1,2,22 ,23 ,3,32 ,2  3,2  32 ,22  3,22  32 ,23  3,23  32 , doce casos diferentes.
Luego el total de casos es 8  12  96 .

4
El número total de casos es 6 4 .
Sea Cn el número de casos de obtener un cuadrado lanzando un dado dos veces, si ya tenemos
un n previo.

C (1,1)  8 : (1,1), (2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(5,5),(6,6),(1,4),(4,1)

C (2,1)  6 : (2,1), (1,2),(3,6),(6,3),(2,4),(4,2)
C (3,1)  6 : (1,3), (3,1),(3,4),(4,3),(2,6),(6,2)
C (4,1)  8 : (1,4), (4,1), (1,1),(2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(5,5),(6,6)
C (5,1)  4 : (5,1), (1,5),(5,4),(4,5)
C (6,1)  6 : (1,6), (6,1),(2,3),(3,2),(4,6),(6,4)

C (2,2)  8 : (1,1), (2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(5,5),(6,6),(1,4),(4,1)

C (3,2)  6 : (2,3), (3,2) (1,6),(6,1),(4,6),(6,4)
C (4,2)  6 : (2,1), (1,2),(4,1),(1,4),(3,6),(6,3)
C (5,2)  2 : (5,2), (2,5)
C (6,2)  6 : (3,1), (1,3) (3,4),(4,3),(6,2),(2,6)

C (3,3)  8 : (1,1), (2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(5,5),(6,6),(1,4),(4,1)

C (4,3)  6 : (3,1), (1,3),(6,2),(2,6),(3,4),(4,3)
C (5,3)  2 : (5,3), (3,5)
C (6,3)  6 : (2,1), (1,2),(2,4),(4,2),(6,3),(3,6)

C (4,4)  8 : (1,1), (2,2),(3,3,),(4,4),(5,5),(6,6),(4,1),(1,4)

C (5,4)  4 : (5,1), (1,5),(5,4),(4,5)
C (6,4)  6 : (6,1), (1,6), (2,3),(3,2),(4,6),(6,4)
C (5,5)  8 : (1,1), (2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(5,5),(6,6),(4,1)(1,4)
C (6,5)  2 : (5,6), (6,5)
C (6,6)  8 : (1,1), (2,2),(3,3),(4,4),(5,5),(6,6),(1,4),(4,1)

Ahora escribimos todas las posibilidades en función de los dos dados primeros:
1,1 8 2,4 6
1,2 6 2,5 2
1,3 6 2,6 6 Total: 34
1,4 8
1,5 4 3,1 6
1,6 6 Total: 38 3,2 6
3,3 8
2,1 6 3,4 6
2,2 8 3,5 2
2,3 6 3,6 6 Total: 34
4,1 8
4,2 6
4,3 6
4,4 8
4,5 4
4,6 6 Total: 38

5,1 4
5,2 2
5,3 2
5,4 4
5,5 8
5,6 2 Total: 22

6,1 6
6,2 6
6,3 6
6,4 6
6,5 2
6,6 8 Total: 34

TOTAL: 38+34+34+38+22+34=200

200 25
P 
64 162

Observación: En las soluciones oficiales se presentan varias alternativas, siempre teniendo en

cuenta esta o aquella propiedad. Como suele pasar, hay que valorar entre utilizar la fuerza bruta
del cómputo o aprovechar alguna propiedad para eliminar casos.

5
Lo primero que debemos observar en este problema es que los asientos están numerados, por lo
que no hay equivalencia por rotaciones.

Denotaremos por E1 , E2 , E3 , E4 los embajadores y por C1, C2 , C3 , C4 sus respectivos cuatro

consejeros.

Aunque trabajamos con una mesa redonda, ponemos las posiciones en fila para mayor
comodidad. Marcamos en gris los asientos pares, los de los embajadores.

En primer lugar, colocamos a los embajadores. Hay que dejar dos sitios marcados como par
libres. Luego colocaremos los consejeros alrededor de estos.

Primer caso: Los dos sitios libres están juntos, y los cuatro embajadores juntos entre ellos.
Los huecos pueden ser (2,4), (4,6), (6,8), (8,10), (10,12) o (12,2), y en cada caso hay 4! formas
de colocar los embajadores, luego 6  4!
Para colocar los consejeros:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
E1 E2 E3 E4
C1 C2 C3 C4
C1 C2 C3 C4
C1 C2 C3 C4
C1 C2 C3 C4
C1 C2 C3 C4

Hay 5 configuraciones diferentes de consejeros. El total es 6  4!5  720 combinaciones.

Segundo caso. Los asientos están separados por un embajador.

Pueden ser (2,6), (4,8), (6,10), (8,12), (10,2), (12,4) y para cada uno de ellos, hay 4! formas de
colocar los embajadores. En total: 6  4!
Si los dos asientos libres están separados por algún consejero, digamos el "4" y el "8", las
posibilidades de colocar los consejeros son las siguientes:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
E1 E2 E3 E4
C1 C2 C3 C4
C1 C2 C3 C4
C1 C2 C3 C4
C4 C1 C2 C3
C4 C1 C2 C3
C4 C1 C2 C3
C4 C1 C2 C3
C1 C2 C3 C4

Hay 8 formas posibles de situar a los consejeros.

Por tanto, el número total de posibilidades es 8  6  4! 1152 configuraciones distintas.

Tercer caso.
Si hay dos embajadores entre los dos huecos, los huecos pueden ser: (2,8), (4,10), (6, 12), y de
nuevo hay 4! formas diferentes de poner los embajadores. En total: 3 4!
Ahora, para colocar los consejersos, digamos que los huecos son el "4" y el "10":

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
E1 E2 E3 E4
C1 C2 C3 C4
C1 C2 C3 C4
C1 C2 C3 C4
C4 C1 C2 C3
C4 C1 C2 C3
C4 C1 C2 C3
C1 C2 C3 C4
C1 C2 C3 C4
C1 C2 C3 C4
Hay 9 posibilidades distintas. En total 3  4!9  648

El número total de posibilidades es: 720  1152  648  2520

Fuente de esta solución: [Link]

6
log a c
Utilizando la fórmula del cambio de base: log b c 
log a b

 loglog x  
log x log x
54  log log x ( x) 
loglog x  54

3 log   
x log x  56  log x log x   56
3


56
3
   
 log x log x  log x  log log x   log x   
log x
54


1 log x  1 1  14
 log x      log x  log x 
2 54  2 54  27
56 27
log x    36
3 14

Volviendo ahora a la segunda ecuación:

log log x ( x)  54  log 36 ( x)  54  x  3654  x  3627

   
56  3 log 3627  36  3 log 3628  3  28  log 36  log 36 
2
3


 b 2 / 3  36  b  363 / 2  216

7
Sean A’, B’, C’ los puntos de intersección de las rectas l A , l B y lC , y añadimos los puntos de
intersección D, E, F, G, H, I tal y como aparecen en el siguiente esquema:

Queremos determinar el perímetro del triángulo A' B' C ' , que es semejante al triángulo
ABC , pues determina ángulos iguales por paralelismo de lados.
 45 120
 HB   30
HB BG HG HB BG 45  180
HBG  ABC       
AB BC AC 120 220 180  45  220
BG   55

 180
 15  220
 FC   55 / 2
FC CE FE FC CE 15  120
FCE  BCA       
BC CA BA 220 180 120  15  180
CE   45 / 2

 120
 55 180
 DA   45
DA AI ID DA AI 55  220
DAI  CAB       
AC AB BC 180 120 220  120  55
AI   30

 220

Luego HI  AB  AI  HB  120  30  30  60
HC'  4  EC  4  45 / 2  90
Y por tanto HI  60  4  EF  
C ' I  4  CF  4  55 / 2  110
FG  BC  BG  CF  220  55  55 / 2  275 / 2
Y por tanto:
 275 / 2  30
 A' F   75
A' F A' G GF A' F A' G 275 / 2  55
A' GF  ADI       
AI AD ID 30 45 55  A' G  275 / 2  45  225 / 2

 55

Finalmente, A' C'  A' G  GH  HC'  225 / 2  45  90  495 / 2

A' C ' 495 / 2 11

  que es la razón de proporcionalidad entre A' B' C ' y ABC .
AC 180 8

11
Luego el perímetro de A' B' C ' será veces el perímetro de ABC :
8
11
120  220  180  715
8

8
1  3i
El número p  en notación exponencial es e60º i , luego:
2
p 2  e120º i  cos120º i sin120º   cos 60º i sin 60º
p3  e180º i  1
p6  e360º i  1 , y por tanto p 2016  p3366  p3   366
 1366  1


f ( z)  a z 2018  b z 2017  c z 2016  z 2016 a z 2  b z  c 

2015  2019 3i  f  p   p 2016 a p 2  b p  c  
 a cos 60º  ai sin 60  b cos 60º bi sin 60º c 
b  a cos 60º c  2015
 b  a cos 60º c  (a  b)i sin 60º  
(a  b) sin 60º  2019 3

3
(a  b) sin 60º  2019 3  (a  b)  2019 3  a  b  4038
2

Puesto que, por hipótesis, a, b  2019 , a  b  4038  a  b  2019

Finalmente, sustituyendo en la primera ecuación:
b  acos 60ºc  2015  c  2015
Luego f (1)  a12018  b12017  c12016  a  b  c  2019  2019  2015  6053 , y su residuo al
dividir por 1000 es 53.

9
Sea n un número que cumpla las condiciones del enunciado.
20 | n , luego n  20k
n  2019 , luego k  100
20   n   20k    225k  
Aplicaremos detenidamente la fórmula 19.4b.

El exponente 2 del factor 2 genera un 3 en la función  , luego será imposible obtener 20. Hay
que aumentar este exponente.

20   225  2k   235  k   
Ahora tenemos un 4  2  8 , que nos impide obtener el 20.

Si aumentamos el exponente del 5 tampoco nos sirve, pues entonces

20   2352  k  
Obtenemos un 4  3  12 … y no son divisores de 20.

Así pues, el factor 2 tiene que tener exponente 4, luego:

  
20   22  5  22 k   24  5  k 
Ahora tenemos un factor 5  2  10 y solo tenemos que multiplicarlo por 2, lo que sucede si y
solo si añadimos un primo p diferente de 2 y de 5. Luego serán todos los números de la forma
n  24  5  p  20  4  p , con 4  p  100  p  25 , es decir: p  3,7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23 .

Su suma será 24  5  3  24  5 11  ...  24  5  23  24  53  7  11  13  17  19  23  24  5  93

 
Otra combinación posible es 20   24  53   2000 , luego la suma total será
24  5  93  24  53
24  5  93  24  53
Y el resultado pedido es  22  93  22  52  372  100  472
20

10
[Link]

11
Primera versión. Mediante Triángulos semejantes.
Observamos que por ser AC tangente a 1 , por 10.2.7 se cumple KAC  KBA , y por ser
AB tangente a  2 se cumple BAK  KCA .
Luego AKB  CKA , y por tanto
 7
 KB  KA
9 KA KC  9
  
7 KB KA  KC  9 KA
 7

Aplicando el Teorema del Coseno:

82  72  92 11
8  7  9  2  7  9  cos(BAC )  cos(BAC ) 
2 2 2

 279 21

Y ahora observamos que BKA  180ºBAC . En efecto:

BKA  ABK  180  BAK  BKA  180  BAK  ABK  
 180º BAC

11
Luego BKA  180º BAC  cos(BKA)  
21
Aplicando el Teorema del Coseno en el triángulo ABK :
2
7  7
7  AK   AK   2  AK  AK  cos(BKA) 
2 2

9  9
49 7 11 196 196 81
49  AK 2  AK 2  2  AK 2  49  AK 2  49  AK 2  AK 2 
81 9 21 81 81 4
9
 AK 
2

Segunda versión. Mediante inversión.

Consideremos la inversión de centro A y radio AK . Sean B * y C * las imágenes respectivas
de B y C bajo esta inversión.

La imagen de 1 bajo esta inversión será una recta que pasará por K y B * , cumpliendo
AB  AB*  AK 2  7 AB*  AK 2
La imagen de  2 bajo esta inversión será una recta que pasará por K y C * , cumpliendo
AC  AC*  AK 2  9 AC*  AK 2

Observamos que AB * KC * es un paralelogramo puesto que 1 y  2 son tangentes a AC y

AB, respetivamente. Luego B * K  AC * y AB * K  180  B * AC*  180  BAC .
AB * K  180  B * AC*  180  BAC  cosAB * K    cosBAC 

Calculamos este coseno mediante el Teorema del Coseno como en la versión anterior:
82  72  92 11
8  7  9  2  7  9  cos(BAC )  cos(BAC ) 
2 2 2

 279 21

Y aplicando el Teorema del Coseno llegamos a

AK 2  AB *2  B * K 2  2  AB * B * K  cos(AB * K ) 
2 2
 AK 2   AK 2  AK 2 AK 2   11 

 
  
 2 7  
 7   9  9  21 
AK 2 AK 2 AK 2 9
1   22  AK 
49 81 1323 2

Fuente de estas soluciones:

[Link]
12
[Link]

13
[Link]

14
El problema que se plantea es estudiar todas las combinaciones posibles

x  5  y  n  z  n  1

con enteros x, y, z  0

Y determinar aquellos enteros positivos n para los cuales 91 no se puede formar pero sí se
pueden formar 92, 93, 94…

Está claro que, independientemente del valor n , se pueden formar todos los múltiplos de 5,
pues basta ir dando valores a x , con y  z  0 .

Para un valor n cualquiera, está claro que podremos formar seguro todos los valores de la
forma n , n  5 , n  10 , n  15 ,… También todos los valores de la forma n  1 ,
n  1  5  n  6 , n  1  10  n  11 ,…

Todo esto nos indica que la clave para resolver este problema es pasar a módulo 5:

1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15

91 92 93 94 95
96 97 98 99 100

Aplicamos el Teorema “Chicken McNugget”, a las combinaciones 5 y n:

91  5n  5  n  n  24
Luego podemos garantizar que n  24 .

Primer caso: n  1 mod 5

Supongamos que n se encuentra en la primera columna, es decir, que n  1 mod 5 .
Vemos que 91 también está en la primera columna, luego nos obliga a n  91 , es decir:
n  96 ,101,...
Pero entonces no podríamos obtener 92 (ni 93, 94…) con lo que dicho número no es aceptable.

Segundo caso: n  2 mod 5

Si n se encuentra en la segunda columna, n  1 se encontrará en la tercera, y por tanto 2n se

encontrará en la cuarta. En efecto:
n  5k  2  2n  25k  2  10k  4  4 mod 5

También vemos que 2n  1  2n  2  1 mod 5 se puede obtener, y está en la primera

columna.
Luego 2n  1  91, y el primer candidato interesante sería el siguiente: 2n  1  96

2n  1  96  n  47

Comprobamos que, efectivamente, n  47 satisface las condiciones del enunciado:

Están todos los múltiplos de 47, en particular 92  47  45  47  9  5 , todos los múltiplos de
48, 2  47  94 y todos los múltiplos de 94, y observamos que 91 no se puede representar como
combinación de 47, 48 y 5, pero sí podemos representar 96  2(47  1)  2  48 .

1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15

47 48

91 92 93 94 95
96 97 98 99 100

Tercer caso: n  3 mod 5

n  3 mod 5  2n  6  1 mod 5 , y por tanto 2n se encontrará en la primera columna. Como

en el caso anterior, deducimos que 2n  91 y el primer candidato interesante sería el siguiente:
2n  96  n  48

Pero con este valor nos encontramos con un problema en la segunda columna: No se puede
representar 92, y por tanto no es válido.

En efecto, todo consiste en ir viendo las posibles combinaciones:

x  0, y  1, z  1  x  5  y  48  z  49  97
x  1, y  1, z  1  x  5  y  48  z  49  102
x  9, y  1, z  0  x  5  y  48  z  49  93
…

Cuarto caso: n  4 mod 5

En este caso n  1  5 mod 5 y es redundante, 2n  8  3 mod 5 , 3n  12  2 mod 5 y

4n  1 mod 5 . Como en los casos anteriores, imponemos la condición

4n  96  n  24

Y vemos que con este valor todas las cinco columnas están cubiertas, es decir, es una segunda
solución al problema.
Quinto caso: n  5  0 mod 5
En este caso tendríamos n  1  1 mod 5 , es decir, en la primera columna, y por tanto
n  1  91  n  92 . El primer candidato sería n  95 , pero con este valor no podríamos formar
92 (ni 93…), luego no es aceptable.

Así pues, las soluciones de este problema son n  24 y n  48 .

Fuente de esta solución: Vídeo “Momentum Learning” [Link]

15
Primera versión.
Sean a  AP , b  BP , c  AQ , d  CQ .

Aplicando potencia de un punto:

ab  10(25  15)  400
cd  15(10  25)  525

Observamos que el cuadrilátero PQCB es cíclico, pues BPC  BQC  90º .

Luego AQP  B y APQ  C , y por tanto APQ  AQP , y en consecuencia

 aa  b   cc  d   a 2  ab  c 2  cd  a 2  400  c 2  525 

a c

cd ab
 a 2  c 2  125

Por otro lado, aplicando el Teorema del Coseno en APQ :

625  252  a 2  c 2  2ac cos A

c
Y observamos que cos A 
ab

Luego
c c a
625  25 2  a 2  c 2  2ac  a 2  c 2  2ac  a 2  c 2  2ac 2 2 
ab 400 a  400
a
a

 c 2  125  c 2  2 2
2 2
c a
 c 2  125  c 2  2 2
2 2

c c  125 
 2c 2  125  2 2

c 2 c 2  125 
a  400 c  125  400 c  525

Luego todo se reduce a solucionar la ecuación

625  2c 2  125  2 2

c 2 c 2  125  
c 2 c 2  125
 500  2c 2  2 2

 250  c 2  2

c 2 c 2  125 
c  525 c  525 c  525

 250 
c (c  525)  c c  125
2 2 2

2
 
 250(c 2  525)  c 2 (c 2  525)  c 2 c 2  125 
c  525
2

250(c  525)  c  525c 2  c 4  125c 2  400c 2 

2 4

250c 2  250  525  400c 2  0  150c 2  250  525  0  c 2  875  c 2  875  c  5 35

Con este resultado se deducen el resto de incógnitas:

525 105
cd  525  d  
5 35 35
a  c  125  875  125  1000  a  1000  10 10
2 2

400 40
ab  400  b  
10 10 10

Finalmente,
 40  105 
AB  AC  (a  b)(c  d )  10 10   5 35  
 10  35 
 40 10  105 35 
 10 10   5 35 



 10  35 
   
 10 10  4 10 5 35  3 35  14 10 8 35   
 112 10 35  560 14
Segunda versión.

Sean a  AP , b  BP , pero ahora definimos k  cos A .

b b a a
Luego  k  AB  ,  k  AC 
AB k AC k

Como en la versión anterior, mediante Potencia de puntos tenemos

Por otro lado, aplicando el Teorema del Coseno en APQ :

625  252  a2  b2  2abk

Para resolver este sistema de ecuaciones realizamos el siguiente cambio de variable:

u  a 2  400  b2  525

ab
Luego k  , a  u  400 , b  u  525 y por tanto:
u

a b ab u 2 1400 1400
Y, finalmente, AB  AC       560 14
k k ab ab ab 1000  857
u u
Fuente de estas soluciones: [Link]
AIME I 2018

1
Sea S el número de pares ordenados de enteros (a, b) , con 1  a  100 y b  0 tales que
el polinomio x2  ax  b se puede factorizar como un producto de dos factores lineales
no necesariamente diferentes con coeficientes enteros. Determina el residuo cuando S se
divide entre 1000.

2
El número n se escribe en base 14 como a b c , se escribe en base 15 como a c b y se
escribe en base 6 como a c a c , con a  0 . Determina el número n en base 10.

3
Kathy tiene 5 cartas rojas y 5 cartas verdes. Las mezcla y toma 5 al azar, que coloca
alineadas. Digamos que Kathy quedará contenta si y solo si todas las cartas rojas
tomadas están han quedado adyacentes, y todas las cartas verdes han quedado
igualmente adyacentes. Por ejemplo, si sale “RRVVV”, “VVVVR” o “RRRRR”
quedará contenta, pero si sale “RRRVR” no lo será. ¿Cuál es la probabilidad de que
quede contenta?

4
Sea ABC un triángulo en el que AB  AC  10 y BC  12 . Sea D un punto situado en
el interior del lado AB y E un punto situado en el interior de AC tales que
AD  DE  EC . Determina AD .

5
Para cada par ordenado de números reales ( x, y) satisfaciendo


log 2 2 x  y   log 4 x 2  xy  7 y 2 
Existe un número real K tal que


log 3 3x  y   log 9 3x 2  4 xy  Ky 2 
Determina el producto de todos los valores posibles de K.
6
Sea N la cantidad de números complejos z con la propiedad que z  1 y z 6!  z 5! sea
un número real. Determina el residuo cuando N se divide entre 1000.

7
Sea un prisma hexagonal recto de altura 2, cuyas bases son hexágonos regulares de lado
1. Cualquier grupo de tres vértices del total de 12 determinan un triángulo. Determina el
número de esos triángulos que son isósceles (incluyendo triángulos equiláteros).

8
Sea ABCDEF un hexágono equiangular tal que AB  6 , BC  8 , CD  10 , DE  12 .
Denotamos por d el diámetro de la circunferencia más grande que podemos trazar en el
interior del hexágono. Determina d 2 .

9
Determina el número de subconjuntos de cuatro elementos de 1,2,3,4,...,20 con la
siguiente propiedad: Contiene dos números distintos que suman 16 y dos números
distintos que suman 24. Por ejemplo: 3,5,13,19 y 6,10,20,18 son aceptables.

10
Disponemos de una rueda consistente en dos circunferencias y cinco radios, con una
etiqueta en cada punto de contacto entre los radios, tal y como aparece en la figura. Un
gusano avanza por la rueda, empezando en el punto A. Este gusano avanza en cada paso
desde un punto etiquetado a uno adyacente. Por la circunferencia interna este gusano
solo puede avanzar en el sentido contrario al de las agujas del reloj, mientras que por la
circunferencia exterior este gusano solo puede avanzar en el sentido de las agujas del
reloj. Por ejemplo, el gusano puede realizar el camino AJABCHCHIJA, que tiene 10
pasos. Sea n el número de caminos de 15 pasos que empiezan y acaban en A.
Determina el residuo cuando n se divide entre 1000.

11
Determina el menor entero positivo n tal que, cuando ese escribe 3n en base 143, sus
últimas dos cifras en dicha base son 01.

12
Para cada subconjunto T de U  1,2,3,...,18, sea sT  la suma de los elementos de T,
definiendo s  0 . Si T se toma aleatoriamente entre todos los subconjuntos de U, la
probabilidad de que sT  sea divisible entre 3 es m / n , con m y n enteros positivos
coprimos. Determina m.
13
Sea ABC el triángulo con lados AB  30 , BC  32 , AC  34 . Fijado un punto X en
el interior del lado BC , sean I1 , I 2 los incentros de los triángulos ABX y ACX
respectivamente. Determina el área mínima del triángulo AI1I 2 cuando X se mueve en
el interior del lado BC .

14
Sea un heptágono SP1P2 P3 EP4 P5 . Una rana empieza saltando desde el vértice S. Desde
cualquiera de los vértices del heptágono excepto E, la rana puede saltar a cualquiera de
sus dos vértices adyacentes. La rana se para cuando alcanza el vértice E. Determina el
número de secuencias diferentes de no más de 12 saltos que acaban en E.

15
David ha encontrado cuatro palitos de diferentes longitudes que se pueden usar para
formar tres cuadriláteros convexos cíclicos no congruentes entre ellos: A, B y C, que se
pueden inscribir en una circunferencia de radio 1. Denotaremos por  A la medida del
ángulo agudo determinado por las diagonales del cuadrilátero A, y definimos  B y C
de forma similar. Supongamos que sin  A  2 / 3 , sin  B  3 / 5 y sin C  6 / 7 . Los tres
cuadriláteros tienen la misma área K, que se puede escribir de la forma m / n para
ciertos enteros positivos m y n coprimos. Determina m  n .
Soluciones.

1
x2  ax  b  1 x  1  2 x  2   1 2 x  12   2 1 x  12
Luego
1  1 2  1 , 2  1
a  1 2   2 1
0  b  1 2  1 ,  2  0

Luego el problema se reduce a encontrar todas las parejas (a, b) de la forma

1  a  2  1  100 , 1, 2  0

Haciendo una tabla de doble entrada 1,  2 , eliminado las parejas cuya suma excede 100 por la
derecha y eliminando las repeticiones que van produciendo por la izquierda:

El total es:
50 50
50  51
101  99  97  ...  1  101  2k  101  51  2 k  101  51  2 
k 0 k 0 2
 51101  50  51  2601
2

Pero debemos restar 1 de la combinación 1  2  0 que tampoco es aceptable.

Así pues, S  2600 , y la respuesta correcta es 600.

2
Las condiciones del enunciado se corresponden con el siguiente sistema de ecuaciones
diofánticas:
n  14 2 a  14b  c

n  15 a  15c  b
2

n  6 3 a  6 2 c  6 a  c


cumpliendo, además: 0  a  6 , 0  c  6 , 0  b  14

Simplificamos la tercera ecuación:

n  63 a  62 c  6a  c  a(63  6)a  c(62  1)  222a  37c

y la sustituimos en las otras dos ecuaciones:


222a  37c  14 a  14b  c  0  26a  14b  36c  0  13a  7b  18c
2



222a  37c  15 a  15c  b  0  3a  b  22c
2

Multiplicamos la segunda ecuación por 7 y le restamos la primera:

0  13a  7b  18c
  0  34a  136c  34a  4c 
0  21a  7b  154c

Luego a  4c

Puesto que 0  a  6 , la única posibilidad es que c  1 , y por tanto a  4 , y

n  222  4  37  1  888  37  925

3
El número total de casos posibles, puesto que hay diez cartas, y las tomamos de 5 en 5, será
V105  10  9  8  7  6 . (Y no de 25  32 como se podría suponer).

Para contabilizar los casos favorables, los vamos a ordenar en función del número de cartas
rojas que aparezcan.

a) 0 cartas rojas: “VVVVV”.

Hay 5  4  3  2 1  120 casos diferentes.

b) 1 carta roja: “RVVVV”.

Hay 5  5  4  3  2  600 casos, y puesto que la carta roja puede estar al principio o al final, hay
600  2  1200 casos diferentes.

c) 2 cartas rojas: “RRVVV”.

Hay 5  4  5  4  3  1200 casos, y puesto que las dos “RR” pueden estar al principio o al final,
hay 1200  2  2400 casos diferentes.

d) 3 cartas rojas: “RRRVV”

Hay 5  4  3  5  4  1200 casos, y puesto que las dos “RRR” pueden estar al principio o al final,
hay 1200  2  2400 casos diferentes.

e) 4 cartas rojas: “RRRRV”.

Hay 5  4  3  2  5  600 casos, y puesto que la carta verde puede estar al principio o al final, hay
600  2  1200 casos diferentes.

f) 5 cartas rojas: “RRRRR”.

Hay 5  4  3  2 1  120 casos diferentes.

En total: 120  1200  2400  2400  1200  120  7440 casos favorables.
7440 31
La probabilidad es, por tanto, P  
10  9  8  7  6 126

4
Aplicando el Teorema del Coseno al triángulo ABC :
122  102  102 7
12  10  10  2 10 10 cos A  cos A 
2 2 2

 2 10 10 25

Sea x  AD  DE  EC . Aplicando el Teorema del Coseno al triángulo ADE , que es

isósceles en D, pues AD  DE , y por tanto AED  A ,

AD 2  AE 2  DE 2  2 AE  DE  cos AED
7
x 2  (10  x) 2  x 2  2 x(10  x)

25
10  x  0  x  0
 7  
0  (10  x)10  x  2 x    14 x 250
 25  10  x  25  0  x  39

La primera solución queda descartada pues suponemos que el punto está en el interior del
250
segmento, y por tanto la solución es
39

5
De la identidad log a b  log b c  log a c se deduce
log a c
log a a 2  log a 2 c  log a c  2  log a 2 c  log a c  log a 2 c 
2

Que se puede aplicar a la primera ecuación:

  
log 2 2 x  y   log 4 x 2  xy  7 y 2  log 2 2 x 2  xy  7 y 2   
log 2 x 2  xy  7 y 2


2
 
2 log 2 2 x  y   log 2 x 2  xy  7 y 2  log 2 2 x  y   2
 
 log 2 x 2  xy  7 y 2  
2 x  y  2
 x  xy  7 y  4 x  4 xy  y  x  xy  7 y 
2 2 2 2 2 2

0  4 x  4 xy  y 2  x 2  xy  7 y 2  3x 2  3xy  6 y 2  3 x 2  xy  2 y 2 
2
 
x  y
0  x 2  xy  2 y 2  x  y x  2 y   
 x  2 y

Y también a la segunda:
  
log 3 3x  y   log 9 3x 2  4 xy  Ky 2  log 32 3x 2  4 xy  Ky 2  


log 3 3x 2  4 xy  Ky 2  
 2 log 3 3x  y   log 3 3x 2  4 xy  Ky 2  
2
 2
  2

log 3 3x  y   log 3 3x 2  4 xy  Ky 2  3x  y   3x 2  4 xy  Ky 2

Si x  y esta ecuación queda

4x2  3x2  4x2  Kx2  (7  K ) x2  16x2  (7  K ) x2
Puesto que x  y  0 no es aceptable pues entonces log 3 3x  y   log 3 0 y no existe el
logaritmo de cero, podemos suponer x  0 y simplificar x 2 para llegar a

16  7  K  K  16  7  9

Si x  2 y , la segunda ecuación queda:

3 2 y   y 2  3(2 y)2  4(2 y) y  Ky 2 
 y  6 y 2  12 y 2  8 y 2  Ky 2  (4  K ) y 2 
 5 y 2  25 y 2  (4  K ) y 2
De nuevo, puesto que la opción x  y  0 no es aceptable, podemos simplificar el factor
y 2 para llegar a
25  4  K  K  21

Así pues, la respuesta es 21  9  189 .

6
Primera versión.
Pasando a forma exponencial: z  ei ,
z 6!  z 720  e720i
z 5!  z120  e120i
   
z 6!  z 5!  IR  Im z 6!  Im z 5! , y, puesto z  1 , esto solo puede pasar si sucede una de las
dos condiciones siguientes:
a) z 6!  z 5!  e720i  e120i  720  120  600  0 ,
ecuación que tiene 600 soluciones, puesto que estamos trabajando mod 2 .
b) z 6!, z 5! son reflexiones la una de la otra respecto del eje imaginario.
Luego e720i  e 120  i  720     120  840    , ecuación que tiene 840 soluciones.
Un total de 600  840  1440 soluciones, y por tanto su residuo al dividirlo entre 1000 es 440.

Segunda versión.
1
Puesto que z  1 , z 
z 1
Puesto que z 6!  z 5! es real, será igual a su conjugado, luego
1 1 1 1
z 6!  z 5!  z 720  z120  z 720  z120  z 720  z 120  720  120  z 720  z120  720  120
z z z z
720
Multiplicando ambos lados por z obtenemos un polinomio de grado 1440 , que tendrá 1440
soluciones complejas.

Tercera versión.
   
z 6!  z 5!  IR  Im z 6!  Im z 5!  sin(720  )  sin(120  )  sin(720  )  sin(120  )  0

Aplicando la identidad trigonométrica "Resta-A-Producto", tenemos

 720   120    720   120  
0  sin(720  )  sin(120  )  2 cos  sin  
 2   2 
  840  
cos 2   0
 840    600    840    600     
 2 cos  sin    2 cos  sin  
 2   2   2   2  sin  600    0
  2 
La primera ecuación tiene 840 soluciones y la segunda 600, haciendo un total de 1440
soluciones.

Fuente: Soluciones #3, #4 y #2 respectivamente de la web "[Link]"

7
En el interior de las bases vemos que, fijado un vértice A, podemos formar los triángulos
isósceles ABF (6 triángulos) y ACE (dos triángulos) del siguiente esquema:

con un total de 8  2  16 triángulos.

De una base a la otra, vemos que, fijado un vértice A, podemos formar los triángulos isósceles
ABC y ADE del siguiente esquema:

con un total de 6  2  2  24 triángulos.

Pero, puesto que la longitud entre vértices opuestos del hexágono es 2, y coincide con la altura,
también los triángulos ABC del siguiente esquema:

con un total de 6  2  12 triángulos.

En total podemos formar 16  24  12  52 triángulos isósceles.

8
Sabemos que la suma de ángulos internos de un polígono de n lados es igual a 180n  2 ,
luego en nuestro caso , 1806  2  180  4  720º .
720
Puesto que es equiangular, cada uno de los ángulos internos medirá  120º .
6
Podemos dibujar este hexágono mediante regla y transportador de ángulos, y observaremos que
sus lados opuestos son paralelos.

En efecto, prolongando los lados AB y CD hasta encontrarse en un punto G, vemos que

CBG  BCG  180  120º  60º  BGC  180º60º60º  60º
Y por tanto el triángulo BGC es un triángulo equilátero de lado 8.
Por otro lado, AGD  60º , y es igual al ángulo suplementario de EDG  120º , luego
AB//DE. Y con razonamientos similares se demuestra que EF//BD y AF//CD.
Así pues, cualquier circunferencia en el interior de este hexágono tendrá diámetro máximo la
distancia entre lados opuestos, y vemos que los lados más próximos son AF y CD. Así pues
solo nos queda encontrar la distancia d entre AF y CD.

Por trigonometría:

 sin AGD  
3 d d 14 3
 d   7 3  d 2  49  3  147
2 AG 14 2
Segunda versión.
Un razonamiento alternativo podría ser el siguiente: Puesto que la figura es equiangular, se
puede completar hasta formar un triángulo equilátero GHI :

Los lados de este triángulo miden 10  8  6  24 , y por tanto

EF  24  12  10  2 , AF  24  6  2  16 .

El triángulo GHI es semejante a CHD , que tiene altura

h  102  52  5 3
Luego:
h hd
10

24

5 3 5 3d
10

24
 24  5 3  10 5 3  d   
12 3  5 3  d  d  12 3  5 3  7 3  d 2  147

9
Vamos a ordenarlos por subconjuntos que contengan una pareja que sume 16, y vamos a añadir
dos números más para que también haya dos que sumen 24.

{1,15 , a , b} {1,15 , 20 , 4} , {1,15 , 9 , *}  21

{ 2 ,14 , a , b} { 2 ,14 , 20 , 4} , { 2 ,14 ,10 , *}  21
{3,13 , a , b} {3,13, 20 , 4} , {3,13,11, *} 21
{ 4 ,12 , a , b} { 4 ,12 , 20 , *} 21
{5 ,11, a , b} {5 ,11, 20 , 4} , {5 ,11,19 ,*}  21, {5 ,11,13,*}  21
{6 ,10 , a , b} { 6 ,10 , 20 , 4} , {6 ,10 ,18 ,*}  21 , {6 ,10 ,14 , *}  21
{ 7 , 9 , a , b} { 7 , 9 , 20 , 4} , {7 , 9 ,17 , *}  21 , { 7 , 9 ,15 , *} 21

Todos ellos suman 10  21  6  216 .

Pero vemos que hay alguna repetición, hay seis elementos que los hemos contado dos veces:
Los grupos {3,13,11, *} 21 y {5 ,11,13,*}  21 comparten el elemento {5 ,11,13, 3} .
Los grupos { 2 ,14 ,10 , *}  21 y {6 ,10 ,14 , *}  21 comparten {6 ,10 ,14 , 2}
Los grupos {5 ,11,19 ,*}  21 y {5 ,11,13,*}  21 comparten {5 ,11,19 ,13}
Los grupos {6 ,10 ,18 ,*}  21 y {6 ,10 ,14 , *}  21 comparten {6 ,10 ,14 ,18}
Los grupos {7 , 9 ,17 , *}  21 y { 7 , 9 ,15 , *} 21 comparten { 7 , 9 ,15 ,17 }
Los grupos {1,15 , 9 , *}  21 y { 7 , 9 ,15 , *} 21 comparten { 7 , 9 ,15 ,1}
Por lo tanto hay 216  6  210 subconjuntos.

10
Primera versión: Mediante recursión pura.
Vamos a resolver este problema de forma recursiva, rellenando, paso a paso, una tabla en la
que las columnas son los puntos finales, y las filas son el número de pasos. En cada casilla
pondremos el número de caminos que hay para llegar al punto final (columna) mediante
caminos de n pasos (fila), siempre saliendo del punto A.

Por ejemplo, en la primera fila hay un 1 en B y en J, porque con caminos de 1 paso, y saliendo
de A, solo podemos llegar a B y a J, y de una sola manera.
En la segunda fila, hay un 1 en la columna A indicando que hay un camino posible de longitud
2 desde A, que es "AJA", un camino posible para llegar a C, que es "ABC", un camino posible
para llegar a F, que es "AJF", y un camino posible para llegar a I, que es "ABI".
Vemos claramente la pauta:
An  En 1  J n 1 , Bn  An 1  I n 1 , Cn  Bn 1  H n 1 , Dn  Cn 1  Gn 1 , En  Dn 1  Fn 1
Fn  En 1  J n 1 , Gn  Dn 1  Fn 1 , H n  Cn 1  Gn 1 , I n  Bn 1  H n 1 , J n  An 1  I n 1

n A B C D E F G H I J
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
2 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
3 0 2 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 2
...
14
15

Está claro que este problema, así planteado, requiere un trabajo más propio de una hoja de
cálculo que de un humano:

En todo caso llegamos a A15  3004 y por tanto la respuesta correcta es 3004 mod 1000  4 .

Segunda versión: Determinando una fórmula recursiva.

Observamos un dato interesante: En cada paso, el gusano tiene siempre dos caminos posibles
para continuar, luego el número total de caminos es 2 n :
Sn  An  Bn  Cn  Dn  En  Gn  H n  I n  2n

Con este dato podemos optimizar el proceso para llegar a A15 . En efecto:

An  En 1  J n 1  Dn  2  Fn  2  An  2  I n  2 
 Cn  3  Gn 3  En  3  J n 3  An  2  Bn 3  H n 3 
 An  2  Bn  3  Cn  3  Dn  3  En  3  Fn  3  Gn  3  H n  3  I n  3  J n  3  Dn  3  Fn  3  I n  3 
 Sn  3  Dn  3  Fn  3  I n  3  
 Sn  3  En  2  I n  3  
 Sn  3   An 1  J n  2  I n  3  
 S n  3   An 1   An  3  I n  3   I n  3  
 S n  3   An 1  An  3  I n  3  I n  3  
 S n  3   An 1  An  3  
 2n  3  An 1  An  3

Calculando directamente los primeros valores:

A0  0 , A1  0 , A2  1 , A3  0 , A4  3
Y utilizando la fórmula recursiva anterior se llega a A15  3004 .

Fuentes:
[Link]
[Link]

11
Sabemos que decir que la expresión de 3n en base 143 es ...d 3d 2 d1 01143 es equivalente a
3n  1  0  143  d1  1432  d2  1433  ...  1  1432 d1  d2  143  ...  3n  1 mod 1432  
Así pues, en este problema nos piden resolver la congruencia 3n  1 mod 1432 con solución n  
mínima, es decir, determinar el orden de 3 módulo 1432 .

Es importante remarcar que nos piden n mínimo, pues el Teorema de Euler (13.4) nos
   
garantiza que 3 (143 )  1 mod 1432 puesto que 3,1432  1 , pero en este caso  1432  17160
2
 
y veremos que no es el valor mínimo posible.

 
143  11  13  1432  112  132 , y puesto que 112 ,132  1 , para resolver la congruencia
 
3  1 mod11  13 será suficiente resolver las congruencias 3a  1 mod112 y
n 2 2
 
 
3b  1 mod132 por separado.

Paso 1. Resolvemos la congruencia: 3a  1 mod112  

Esta es sencilla. Se puede encontrar por tanteo:
31  3  3 mod121 32  9  9 mod121
33  27  27 mod121 34  81  81 mod121
35  243  2  121  1  1 mod121
El valor mínimo es a  5 .

 
Paso 2. Resolvemos la congruencia: 3b  1 mod132 . Esta es mucho más complicada.

Paso 2.1. Por tanteo ("bash"). Si lo hacemos por tanteo nos vamos a pasar un buen rato
calculando potencias hasta llegar al exponente 39 para encontrar 339  1 mod132 :  
1→3 2→9 3→27 4→81 5→74
6→53 7→159 8→139 9→79 10→68
11→35 12→105 13→146 14→100 15→131
16→55 17→165 18→157 19→133 20→61
21→14 22→42 23→126 24→40 25→120
26→22 27→66 28→29 29→87 30→92
31→107 32→152 33→118 34→16 35→48
36→144 37→94 38→113 39→1

Paso 2.2. Aplicando el Teorema de Euler. Una indicación nos la puede dar la función Phi de
 
Euler:  132  2  3  13 , luego el orden de 3 módulo 156 será un divisor de 156  2  3  13 .
Probando divisores encontramos la solución 39  3  13 .

Paso 2.3. Aplicando el Teorema del binomio.

 
Observamos que 3b  1 mod132  3b  1 mod13 .
 
En efecto: 3b  1 mod132  3b  132 k  1  1313k   1  3b  1 mod13

Y la congruencia 3b  1 mod13 tiene fácil solución: 33  27  2  13  1  1 mod13 . Así pues,

cualquier solución de 3b  1 mod13 será múltiple de 3.
Llegados a este punto podríamos aplicar la estrategia 2.2 anterior para llegar a la solución, pero
en su lugar vamos a aplicar el desarrollo binomial.

El número b buscado será múltiplo de 3: b  3c para cierto entero c , con lo que la

congruencia se transforma en:

    c

33c  1 mod132  33  1 mod132  27c  1 mod132   
Ahora aplicamos el desarrollo binomial:
27  2  13  1  27c  2  13  1 
c

c c  c  c

  2  13 10   2  13 11  ...   2  13 1c 1   2  13 1c
c c 1 1 0

 0 1  c  1 c

Y observamos que, trabajando módulo 132 , cualquier potencia 13c con c  2 será (congruente
con) cero.

Así pues, a todos los efectos prácticos:

 c  c
27c   2  13 1c 1   2  13 1c  c  26  1
1 0

 c  1 c

 
Y por tanto, la congruencia exponencial 27c  1 mod132 se convierte en la congruencia lineal
26c  1  1 mod132  
Que se resuelve fácilmente:

   
26c  1  1 mod132  26c  0 mod132  2  13c  0 mod132  
Para que esta última congruencia se cumpla, es necesario y suficiente que c sea múltiplo de 13.

Así pues, finalmente llegamos a un resultado múltiplo de 3 y múltiplo de 13, y el valor mínimo
posible es c  3  13  39 .

Paso 3. Juntamos las dos congruencias:

   
Hemos obtenido 35  1 mod 112 y 339  1 mod 132 , luego tomando el mínimo común múltiplo
de ambos exponentes: 5,39  5  39  195 , tendremos, aplicando 7.5d:
3195  3539  35 39
 
 139  1 mod 112 

 3     
39 5 
3195  3395  15  1 mod 132   3195  1 mod 112  132
11 ,13   1
2 2 


Que será el valor mínimo posible pues en todos los pasos hemos obtenido los valores mínimos
posibles.

La solución del problema es 159.

Fuentes:
[Link]
[Link] Analyzing the Expression in Mod 143² (2018 AIME I Prob 11)
"LetsSolveMathProblems"
[Link] 2018 AIME I Problem #11 "Osman Nal"

12
Una observación clave para solucionar este problema es que podemos pasar los números de U a
módulo 3:

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0

Otra observación clave es que podemos dejar aparcados todos los números que sean
congruentes con 0 módulo 3: R  3,6,9,12,15,18, porque cualquier combinación de números
será múltiple de 3 si y solo si lo es añadiendo cualquier subconjunto de R. Luego nos
olvidamos de los elementos de R y deberemos multiplicar el resultado final por R  26 .
Así pues, disponemos del conjunto

1 2 4 5 7 8 10 11 13 14 16 17
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

Y debemos contar todos los subconjuntos cuya suma sea múltiple de 3. Organizaremos el
recuento por número de elementos de dicho subconjunto:

0 elementos:
 → 1
1 elemento:
(no hay ningún caso)
2 elementos:
“12” → 6  6  36
3 elementos:
 6
“111” →    20
 3
 6
“222” →    20
 3
4 elementos:
 6  6
“2211” →       15  15  225
 2  2
5 elementos:
 6  6
“21111” →       6  15  90
1  4
 6  6
“22221” →       15  6  90
 4 1
6 elementos:
6
“222222” →    1
6
 6  6
“111222” →       20  20  400
 3  3
6
“111111” →    1
6
7 elementos:
 6  6
“1122222” →       15  6  90
 2  5
 6  6
“1111122” →       6  15  90
 5  2
8 elementos:
 6  6
“11112222” →       15  15  225
 4  4
9 elementos:
 6  6
“111222222” →       20  1  20
 3  6
 6  6
“111111222” →       1  20  20
 6  3
10 elementos:
 6  6
“1111122222” →       6  6  36
 5  5
11 elementos:
(no hay ningún caso)
12 elementos:
 6  6
“111111222222” →       1  1  1
 6  6

Total: 1+36+20+20+225+90+90+1+400+1+90+90+225+20+20+36+1=1366

1366  26 683
Así pues, la probabilidad es P   11 , y la respuesta correcta es 683.
218 2
Fuente de esta solución: [Link]

13
(Solución oficial MAA).
Sea   AXB .

Sabemos por (11.4.11f) que AI1 B  90º  , luego sin AI1B  cos / 2 .
2
Por otro lado, vemos que
CAX XAB CAX  XAB CAB A
I 2 AI1  I 2 AX  XAI 1     
2 2 2 2 2

Aplicando el Teorema del Seno al triángulo ABI 1 tenemos:

AI1 AB sin ABI 1 sin(B / 2)
  AI1  AB c
sin ABI 1 sin AI1B sin AI1B cos( / 2)
Y de la misma manera tenemos:
sin(C / 2)
AI 2  b
sin( / 2)
Luego:
AI1I 2   1 AI1  AI 2  sin I 2 AI1  
2
 AI 1  AI 2  sin A / 2 
1
2
sin A / 2 sin(B / 2) sin(C / 2)
 bc 
2 cos( / 2) sin( / 2)
sin A / 2sin(B / 2) sin(C / 2)
 bc  bc sin A / 2sin(B / 2) sin(C / 2)
sin( )
Y la igualdad acontece cuando sin( )  1    90º , es decir, cuando la ceviana AX es la
altura, y en este caso el área buscada es

bc sinA / 2 sin(B / 2) sin(C / 2)

Y calculamos los factores de este producto:

b2  c2  a 2
 A 
sin  
1  cos A

1
2bc 

2bc  b 2  c 2  a 2


 2  2 2 4bc
2bc  b 2  c 2  a 2 (a  b  c)(a  b  c)
 
4bc 4bc

Para llegar finalmente a:

bc sin A / 2 sin(B / 2) sin(C / 2) 
(a  b  c)(b  c  a)(c  a  b) (a  b  c)(b  c  a)(c  a  b)
 bc 
8abc 8a

En nuestro caso particular:

AI1I 2   (30  32  34)(32  34  30)(34  30  32)  126
8  32
Fuente de esta solución: [Link]

14
Primera versión: Mediante recursión pura.
Como en el problema anterior, sea Pkn el número de secuencias de n saltos que empiezan en S y
acaban en el vértice Pk , y sean E n y S n el número de secuencias de n saltos que empiezan en
S y acaban en el vértice E y en el vértice S, respectivamente.

Está claro que:

S n  P1n 1  P5n 1 , P1n  S n 1  P2n 1 , P2n  P1n 1  P3n 1 , P3n  P2n 1 , E n  P3n 1  P4n 1 ,
P4n  P5n 1 , P5n  P4n 1  S n 1 ,

Y se nos pide calcular E1  E 2  ...  E12 .

n Sn P1n P2n P3n En P4n P5n

1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
2 2 0 1 0 0 1 0
3
...
12

Igual que con el problema anterior, el problema, así planteado, es tarea propia de una hoja de
cálculo:
Y la respuesta al problema es: 0  0  1  1  3  4  9  14  28  47  89  155  351

Segunda versión: Determinando una fórmula recursiva.

Para determinar la fórmula recursiva de E n vamos a utilizar la siguiente propiedad:

 
E n 1  E n 3  P3n  2  P4n  2  P3n  4  P4n  4  P2n 3  P5n 3  P3n  4  P4n  4 
 P1n  4  P3n  4  P4n  4  S n  4  P3n  4  P4n  4  P1n  4  S n  4

Y ahora vamos a buscar la fórmula recursiva:

E n  P3n 1  P4n 1 
 P2n  2  P5n  2 
 P1n  3  P3n  3  P4n  3  S n  3 
 E n  2  P1n  3  S n  3  E n  E n  2  S n  3  P1n  3

Por otro lado:

S n  3  P1n  3 
 P1n  4  P5n  4  S n  4  P2n  4 
 S n  4  P1n  4  P5n  4  P2n  4 
 E n 1  E n  3  P5n  4  P2n  4 
 E n 1  E n  3  P4n  3  P3n  3 
 E n 1  E n  3  E n  2

En donde hemos aplicado la propiedad demostrada anteriormente. Así pues:

E n  E n  2  E n 1  E n 3  E n  2 
E n  E n 1  E n  3  2 E n  2

Ahora calculamos directamente los primeros términos de la sucesión:

E 0  0 , E1  0 , E 2  0 , E 3  1 , E 4  1
Y mediante la fórmula recursiva vamos determinando los siguientes términos:
E 5  3 , E 6  4 , E 7  9 , E 8  14 , E 9  28 , E10  47 , E11  89 , E12  155

Y, finalmente: 0  0  1  1  3  4  9  14  28  47  89  155  351 .

Fuentes:
[Link]
[Link]

15
Para resolver este problema nos vamos a basar en los siguientes resultados geométricos:

1) El área de un cuadrilátero (no necesariamente cíclico) ABCD se puede calcular sabiendo las
longitudes de las diagonales y el ángulo que estas determinan (ver GA/9.2.4):

ABCD   1 AC  BD  sin 
2

2) El Teorema de Ptolomeo: En todo cuadrilátero cíclico ABCD, el producto de las diagonales

es igual a la suma de los productos de los lados opuestos (ver GA/10.5.7):

AC  BD  AB  CD  BC  AD

3) La fórmula de Parameshavara: El radio de la circunferencia circunscrita se puede determinar

mediante los lados del cuadrilátero inscrito:
(ab  cd )(ac  bd )(ad  bc)
R
4ABCD 

Donde a, b, c, d son los lados consecutivos del cuadrilátero cíclico (ver GA/10.5.15).

Con estos tres resultados procedemos a la resolución del problema.

Sean a, b, c, d las longitudes de los cuatro lados que forman el cuadrilátero.
Tenemos tres configuraciones posibles:
A) a, b, c, d , con a y c lados opuestos.
B) a, b, d , c , con a y d lados opuestos.
C) a, c, b, d , con a y b lados opuestos.

Mediante los resultados 1 y 2 llegamos a la siguiente conclusión:

K  ABCD   (ac  bd )  sin  A
1
2
K  ABCD   (ad  bc)  sin  B
1
2
K  ABCD   (ab  cd )  sin  C
1
2

Y multiplicando estas tres igualdades llegamos a:

1
K 3  (ab  cd )(ac  bd )(ad  bc)  sin  A  sin  B  sin  C 
8
1 2 3 6
K 3  (ab  cd )(ac  bd )(ad  bc)    
8 3 5 7
3
K 3  (ab  cd )(ac  bd )(ad  bc)
70

Ahora aplicamos la fórmula de Parameshavara, teniendo en cuenta que en nuestro caso R  1 :

(ab  cd )(ac  bd )(ad  bc)
R  4 K  (ab  cd )(ac  bd )(ad  bc) 
4K
16 K 2  (ab  cd )(ac  bd )(ad  bc)

Así pues,
3 3 24
K3  16 K 2  K  16 
70 70 35

Y la respuesta correcta es 24  35  59 .

Fuente de esta solución: [Link]

AIME II 2018 Enunciados

1
Sean los puntos A, B y C alineados en este orden a lo largo de un camino recto donde la
distancia de A a C es de 1800 metros. Ina corre el doble de rápido que Eve, y Paul corre
el doble de rápido que Ina. Los tres corredores empiezan a correr al mismo tiempo, Ina
empezando en A y corriendo hacia C, Paul empezando en B y corriendo hacia C, y Eve
empezando en C y corriendo hacia A. Cuando Paul se encuentra con Eve, da media
vuelta y corre hacia A. Sabiendo que Paul e Ina llegan a B al mismo tiempo, determina
la longitud, en metros, de A a B.

2
Sean los puntos A, B y C alineados en este orden a lo largo de un camino recto donde la
distancia de A a C es de 1800 metros. Ina corre el doble de rápido que Eve, y Paul corre
el doble de rápido que Ina. Los tres corredores empiezan a correr al mismo tiempo, Ina
empezando en A y corriendo hacia C, Paul empezando en B y corriendo hacia C, y Eve
empezando en C y corriendo hacia A. Cuando Paul se encuentra con Eve, da media
vuelta y corre hacia A. Sabiendo que Paul e Ina llegan a B al mismo tiempo, determina
la longitud, en metros, de A a B.

3
Determina la suma de todos los números enteros positivos b  1000 tal que el número
36b (escrito en base b) es un cuadrado perfecto y el número 27b (también escrito en
base b) es un cubo perfecto.

4
Se toma aleatoriamente y de forma uniforme un número real a del intervalo  20,18 .
La probabilidad de que todas las raíces del polinomio

x 4  2ax 3  2a  2x 2   4a  3x  2

sean reales se puede escribir de la forma m / n , donde m y n son enteros coprimos.

Determina m  n .

5
Sean x, y, z números complejos tales que xy  80  320i , yz  60 , zx  96  24i ,
donde i   1 . Sean a, b números reales tales que x  y  z  a  bi . Determina
a 2  b2 .

6
Se toma aleatoriamente y de forma uniforme un número real a del intervalo  20,18 .
La probabilidad de que todas las raíces del polinomio

x 4  2ax 3  2a  2x 2   4a  3x  2

sean reales se puede escribir de la forma m / n , donde m y n son enteros coprimos.

Determina m  n .
7
Sea el triángulo ABC de lados AB  9 , BC  5 3 y AC  12 . Marcamos los puntos
A  P0 , P1 , P2 ,..., P2450  B en el segmento AB de forma que Pk se encuentra entre Pk 1
y Pk 1 para todo k  1,2,...,2449 , y marcamos los puntos A  Q0 , Q1 , Q2 ,..., Q2450  C en
el segmento AC de forma que Qk se encuentra entre Qk 1 y Qk 1 para todo
k  1,2,...,2449 . Además, todo segmento Pk Qk , con k  1,2,...,2449 , es paralelo a BC .
Estos segmentos cortan el triángulo en 2450 regiones, consistiendo en 2449 trapecios y
un triángulo. Todas estas 2450 regiones tienen el mismo área. Determina el número de
segmentos Pk Qk , con k  1,2,...,2450 cuya longitud es racional.

8
Una rana está posicionada en el origen del plano coordenado. Desde el punto ( x, y)
puede saltar a los puntos ( x  1, y) , ( x  2, y) , ( x, y  1) , ( x, y  2) . Determina el
número de secuencias de salto diferentes en los que la rana, saliendo de (0,0) , acaba en
(4,4) .

9
Sea ABCDEFGH el octágono con lados de longitud AB  CD  EF  GH  10 y
BC  DE  FG  HA  11 que se ha formado eliminado los triángulos 6-8-10 de las
esquinas de un rectángulo 23 27 , con lado AH en el lado corto del rectángulo, tal y
como se indica en la figura. Sea J el punto medio de AH , y dividimos este octágono en
7 triángulos trazando los segmentos JB , JC , JD , JE , JF y JG . Determina el área
del polígono convexo cuyos vértices son los baricentros de estos 7 triángulos.

10
Determina el número de funciones f (x) de 1,2,3,4,5 en 1,2,3,4,5 que satisfacen
f ( f ( x))  f ( f ( f ( x))) para todo x de 1,2,3,4,5.

11
Determina el número de permutaciones de 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 tales que para cada k con
1  k  5 , al menos uno de los primeros k términos de la permutación es mayor que k .
12
Sea ABCD un cuadrilátero convexo con AB  CD  10 , BC  14 y AD  2 65 .
Supongamos que las diagonales de ABCD se cortan en un punto P, y que la suma de las
áreas de los triángulos APB y CPD es igual a la suma de las áreas de los triángulos
BPC y APD . Determina el área del cuadrilátero ABCD.

13
Misha lanza un dado convencional de seis caras hasta que obtiene la secuencia 1 – 2 – 3
en este orden en tres lanzamientos consecutivos. Determina la probabilidad de que el
número de lanzamientos sea impar.

14
Supongamos que el incírculo  de un triángulo ABC es tangente a BC en X. Sea
Y  X el otro punto de intersección de AX con  . Los puntos P y Q pertenecen a AB
y AC , respectivamente, de forma que PQ es tangente a  en Y. Suponiendo además
m
que AP  3 , PB  4 , AC  8 , entonces AQ  , con m y n enteros positivos
n
coprimos. Determina m  n .

15
Determina el número de funciones f de  0,1,2,3,4,5,6  en los enteros tales que
f (0)  0 , f (6)  12 y
x  y  f ( x)  f ( y )  3 x  y

para todo x , y en  0,1,2,3,4,5,6  .

AIME II 2018 Soluciones

1
Paul corre cuatro veces la velocidad de Eve, luego recorrerá cuatro veces la distancia de Eve,
digamos 4p y 1p. En el momento en que se encuentran Paul y Eve, Ina habrá recorrido la mitad
de camino que Paul, es decir, 2p, y Paul tendrá que recorrer 4p, y Ina 2p, luego en total, los
1800 metros se descomponen en
1800  2 p  2 p  4 p  p  9 p  p  1800 / 9  200m

Y por tanto de A a B hay 4p, es decir, 800 m.

2
Paul corre cuatro veces la velocidad de Eve, luego recorrerá cuatro veces la distancia de Eve,
digamos 4p y 1p. En el momento en que se encuentran Paul y Eve, Ina habrá recorrido la mitad
de camino que Paul, es decir, 2p, y Paul tendrá que recorrer 4p, y Ina 2p, luego en total, los
1800 metros se descomponen en
1800  2 p  2 p  4 p  p  9 p  p  1800 / 9  200m

Y por tanto de A a B hay 4p, es decir, 800 m.

3
Primera versión.
27b  2b  7 es un cubo perfecto, es decir, 2b  7  m3 para cierto entero m.

b  1000  m3  2b  7  2007

Puesto que hay menos cubos perfectos que cuadrados perfectos, listamos todos los cubos:

23  8, 33  27, 43  64, ..., 123  1728

Puesto que 2b  7 es siempre impar, podemos eliminar de la lista todos los cubos pares, y
quedarnos solo con
33 , 53 , 73 , 93 ,113
36b  3b  6 es un cuadrado perfecto, es decir, 3b  6  n2 para cierto entero n.

n2  3b  6  3b  2  3 | n2  3 | n  n  3k  n2  (3k )2  9k 2

Luego nos podemos quedar solo con aquellos cubos divisibles entre 9: 33 , 93

Ya solo nos queda comprobar si estos candidatos se adaptan a nuestras condiciones:

33  27  2b  7  b  10  3b  6  36  62 , luego la base 10 es aceptable.
93  729  2b  7  b  361  3  361  6  1089  332

Luego el resultado es 361  10  371.

Segunda versión.
36b  3b  6  3(b  2)  n2 es un cuadrado perfecto, luego n  3k  n2  9k 2 .
3(b  2)  9k 2  b  2  3k 2  b  3k 2  2

El valor de k está limitado superiormente: b  1000  3k 2  2  1000  k  18

Sustituyendo en la segunda ecuación:

  
m3  2b  7  2 3k 2  2  7  6k 2  4  7  6k 2  3  3 2k 2  1 
y vemos que 3 es divisor de m3 , y por tanto 3 es divisor de m .
También vemos que es impar:
 
2k 2 par  2k 2  1 impar  3 2k 2  1 impar

Y que está acotado superiormente:

b  1000  m3  2b  7  2  1000  7  2007

y 132  2197 , luego m  13

Los cubos que cumplen las condiciones anteriores son dos: 33 , 93 , y como en la versión
anterior, solo nos queda comprobar que, efectivamente, satisfacen las condiciones del
enunciado.

Fuente de estas versiones: [Link]

4
Probando mediante Ruffini encontramos dos soluciones reales (El Teorema de las Raíces
racionales reduce la búsqueda a 1 ,  1 , 2 ,  2  ):

1 2a 2a  2  4a  3 2
1 -1  2a  1  4a  1 2
1 2a  1 4a  1 2 0
2 2 4a  2 2
1 2a  1 1 0
Luego
 
x 4  2ax 3  2a  2x 2   4a  3x  2  ( x  1)( x  2) x 2  (2a  1) x  1

Así pues, este polinomio tendrá las cuatro raíces reales si y solo si
x 2  (2a  1) x  1

Tiene sus dos raíces reales, es decir, cuando

2a  1  2  a  3 / 2
  (2a  1) 2  4 1 1  0  (2a  1) 2  4  2 2  
2a  1  2  a  1 / 2

Luego el conjunto de valores de a aceptables es  20,1/ 2  3 / 2,18 , cuya longitud es

1 3 1 40 36 3  1  40  36  3 72
  (20)  18          36
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

El segmento total mide 18   20  38 unidades de largo, luego la probabilidad es

36 18
P 
38 19
y la respuesta es 18  19  37 .

5
Primera versión. Resolviendo el sistema.
 xy  80  320i  80(1  4i )

 yz  60
 zx  96  24i  24(4  i )


60 
yz  60  y   60 x 80 4 4
z  x  80(1  4i )    (1  4i)   (1  4i)  x   z (1  4i )
z z 60 3 3
xy  80(1  4i ) 

 4  24(i  4)
zx  24(4  i)  z  z (1  4i)   24(4  i )  z 2   18i
 3  4
 (1  4i )
 3 
Las raíces cuadradas de i son 
1
1  i  , luego las raíces cuadradas de  18i son
2
z  3i  1

Sea z  3i  1 . Entonces:

60 60
y   10  10i
z 3(i  1)

 80(1  4i)
xy  80(1  4i)  x   20  12i
 10  10i
Finalmente:
x  y  z  7  5i  a  7, b  5  a 2  b2  72  52  49  25  74

Nota: las condiciones del enunciado se cumplen tanto para

z  3i  1 , y  10  10i , x  20  12i como para z  3i  1 , y  10  10i , x  20  12i .

Segunda versión. Mediante notación exponencial.

Pasamos a notación exponencial: x  r1ei1 , y  r2 ei 2 , z  r3ei3 .

xy  r1  r2   80  320i  80 17
yz  r2  r3  60  60
xz  r1  r3   96  24i  24 17

Este sistema tiene por solución: r1  4 34 , r2  10 2 y r3  3 2

xy  r1r2ei (1  2 )  80  320i  80 17ei arctan( 4)  1   2  arctan(4)

yz  r2 r3ei ( 2 3 )  60  60ei 0   2  3  0  3   2
xz  r1r3ei (1 3 )  96  24i  24 17ei arctan( 1/ 4)  1  3  arctan(1/ 4)

1   2  arctan(4) 
  2 2  arctan(4)  arctan(1 / 4)   / 2   2   / 4
1   2  arctan(1/ 4)
Y por tanto 3   2   / 4 .

De todo lo anterior deducimos que y  10 2ei / 4  10  10i , z  3 2e i / 4  3  3i

y utilizando xy  80  320i , deducimos que x  20 12i .

Como en la primera versión, basta sumar x  y  z para llegar al resultado 74.

Fuente de esta versión: [Link]

6
Probando mediante Ruffini encontramos dos soluciones reales (El Teorema de las Raíces
racionales reduce la búsqueda a  1 ,  1 , 2 ,  2 ):

1 2a 2a  2  4a  3 2
1 -1  2a  1  4a  1 2
1 2a  1 4a  1 2 0
2 2 4a  2 2
1 2a  1 1 0

Luego
 
x 4  2ax 3  2a  2x 2   4a  3x  2  ( x  1)( x  2) x 2  (2a  1) x  1

Así pues, este polinomio tendrá las cuatro raíces reales si y solo si
x 2  (2a  1) x  1

Tiene sus dos raíces reales, es decir, cuando

2a  1  2  a  3 / 2
  (2a  1) 2  4 1 1  0  (2a  1) 2  4  2 2  
2a  1  2  a  1 / 2

Luego el conjunto de valores de a aceptables es  20,1/ 2  3 / 2,18 , cuya longitud es

1 3 1 40 36 3  1  40  36  3 72
  (20)  18          36
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

El segmento total mide 18   20  38 unidades de largo, luego la probabilidad es

36 18
P 
38 19
y la respuesta es 18  19  37 .

7
Fijando un k  1,2,...,2450 , los triangulos ABC y APk Qk son semejantes por Tales, ya que
Pk Qk // BC .

Las regiones separadas por segmentos tienen la misma área

ABC  .
2450
Los trapecios se pueden unir de forma que APk Qk   k
ABC 
2450
Es decir, la razón de proporcionalidad entre las áreas de los triángulos es:
APk Qk   k  k
ABC  2450 2  52  72
Sabemos que las áreas están en proporción el cuadrado de la razón de semejanza de las
longitudes de los lados, luego la razón de proporcionalidad de las longitudes es:

k k /2
 
25 7
2 2
57

Y por tanto
k /2 1 3k 1 3  3k 3 k
Pk Qk  BC    5 3  5 3    que será un número racional
57 7 2 7 3 2 7 6
k
si y solo si es racional, es decir, para todos los k tales que k / 6 sea un cuadrado perfecto:
6
k / 6  p2  k  6 p2

p  1  k  6  12  6 , p  2  k  6  22  24 , ... , p  20  k  6  202  2400 ,

Con p  21  k  6  212  2646 ya nos pasamos luego hay 20 valores de k aceptables.
8
Llamaremos H1, H2, V1 y V2 a los saltos respectivos ( x  1, y) , ( x  2, y) , ( x, y  1) , ( x, y  2) .

Está claro que la rana ha de realizar cuatro pasos hacia la derecha y cuatro pasos hacia arriba.
Estos pasos se pueden realizar en cualquier orden.

Con ocho saltos, la única secuencia posible es

H1 H1 H1 H1 V1 V1 V1 V1 y todas sus permutaciones posibles.
8! 8  7  6  5
P84, 4    2  7  5  70
4!4! 4 3 2

Con siete saltos:

H2 H1 H1 V1 V1 V1 V1 y todas sus permutaciones posibles.
H1 H1 H1 H1 V2 V1 V1 y todas sus permutaciones posibles.
7! 7  6  5
P72, 4    7  3  5  105  105  2  210
2!4! 2

Con seis saltos:

H2 H2 V1 V1 V1 V1 y todas sus permutaciones posibles.
H1 H1 H1 H1 V2 V2 y todas sus permutaciones posibles.
6! 6  5
P62, 4    15  15  2  30
2!4! 2
H2 H1 H1 V2 V1 V1 y todas sus permutaciones posibles.
6! 6  5  4  3
P62, 2    6  5  2  3  180
2!2! 2

Con cinco saltos:

H2 H2 V2 V1 V1 y todas sus permutaciones posibles.
V2 V2 H2 H1 H1 y todas sus permutaciones posibles.
5! 5  4  3
P52, 2    30  30  2  60
2!2! 2

Con cuatro saltos:

H2 H2 V2 V2 y todas sus permutaciones posibles.
4! 4  3
P42, 2   6
2!2! 2

En total: 70  210  30  180  60  6  556 secuencias posibles.

9
Dibujamos los puntos medios de los lados y con ellos trazamos las medianas y localizamos los
baricentros. Al hacer el dibujo vemos que, por simetría, podemos reducir nuestro estudio a la
parte superior:

Determinamos las coordenadas cartesianas de los puntos:

J  (0,0) , H  (0,5.5) , G  (8,11.5) , F  (19,11.5) , E  (27,5.5)

Y aplicamos la fórmula de las coordenadas del baricentro (ver GA/20.9.2)

J  H  G (0,0)  (0,5.5)  (8,11.5) (8,17)
P    (8 / 3,17 / 3)
3 3 3
J  G  F (0,0)  (8,11.5)  (19,11.5) (27,23)
Q    (9,23 / 3)
3 3 3
J  F  E (0,0)  (19,11.5)  (27,5.5) (46,17)
R    (46 / 3,17 / 3)
3 3 3
2
S  (27,0)  (18,0)
3
Descomponiendo la figura en un rectángulo y dos triángulos obtenemos su área:
 46 8  17 1  46 8  23 17  1  46  17 
           18    
 3 3  3 2  3 3  3 3  2 3  3 
38 17 1 38 1 8 17
     2     92
3 3 2 3 2 3 3
Así pues, el área del polígono del enunciado es 92  2  184 .

Observación. Una vez determinados los puntos, el área se podría haber determinado también
mediante la fórmula “Shoelace” (ver GA/18.6.5).
10
La condición del enunciado equivale a decir que todo elemento de 1,2,3,4,5 tiene un ciclo de
longitud igual o menor que 3:

Longitud 1:
 f ( f ( x))  f ( x)  x
f ( x)  x  
 f ( f ( f ( x)))  f ( f ( x))  f ( x)  x

Longitud 2:
 f ( f ( x))  f ( y )  y
f ( x)  y  x, f ( y)  y  
 f ( f ( f ( x)))  f ( f ( y ))  f ( y )  y

Longitud 3:
 f ( f ( x))  f ( y )  z
f ( x)  y  x, f ( y)  z  x, y, f ( z )  z  
 f ( f ( f ( x)))  f ( f ( y ))  f ( z )  z

Sin embargo, podemos observar que la condición del enunciado no se cumpliría para longitudes
superiores a 3.

Sea a el número de elementos con ciclo de longitud 1, sea b el número de elementos con ciclo
de longitud 2 y sea c el número de elementos con ciclos de longitud 3.

Está claro que a  b  c  5 , y que si a  4 entonces b  0 , puesto que si existe un elemento

con ciclo igual a 3, f 3 ( x)  x , entonces f 2 ( f ( x))  f 3 ( x)  x y por tanto f (x) será un
elemento cuyo ciclo tendrá longitud 2.

Está claro también que a  0 .

Ordenaremos los casos empezando por a , y luego por b :

1. a  5 , b  0 , c  0
1 caso.

2. a  4 , b  0 , c  1
No se puede dar.
3. a  4 , b  1 , c  0
5  4  20 casos.

4. a  3 , b  0 , c  2
No se puede dar.

5. a  3 , b  1 , c  1
 5  5! 20
     10 grupos de 3 elementos de ciclo 1,
 3  3!2! 2

10  2  3  60 casos.

6. a  3 , b  2 , c  0
 5  5! 20
     10 grupos de 3, y los otros dos pueden ir a cualquiera de los 3
 3  3!2! 2
elementos de ciclo 1, por tanto 10  3  3  90 casos.

7. a  2 , b  0 , c  3
No se puede dar.

8. a  2 , b  1 , c  2
 5  5! 20
     10 grupos de 2 elementos que tendrán asociados ciclos de longitud 1,
 2  2!3! 2
10  3  2  60 casos.

9. a  2 , b  2 , c  1
10  3  2  2  2  240 casos.

10. a  2 , b  3 , c  0
10  2  2  2  80 casos.
11. a  1 , b  0 , c  4
No se puede dar.

12. a  1 , b  1 , c  3
Tenemos 5 candidatos para el elemento de ciclo 1.
Después, 4 candidatos para el elemento de ciclo 2.
Los tres que quedan han de ir todos al candidato de ciclo 2.
En total, 5  4  20 casos.

13. a  1 , b  2 , c  2
Tenemos 5 candidatos para el elemento de ciclo 1.
De los 4 restantes, seleccionamos 2 para tener ciclo de longitud 2.
 4 4! 43
5     2  2  5 22  5  2  2  120 casos.
 2 2!2! 2

14. a  1 , b  3 , c  1
 4 4!
5     3  5   3  5  4  3  60 casos.
 3 3!1!

15. a  1 , b  4 , c  0
Hay 5 casos.

En total, tendremos 1  20  60  90  60  240  80  20  120  60  5  756 casos.

Observaciones. En la solución "oficial" de AoSP, encontramos la fórmula general para

determinar el número de elementos en cada caso:
 5 5  a b c
      a  b
a  b 

También se indica que este problema apareció en la prueba "Standford Math Tournament,
Advanced Topics Test" del 2011, y en "Mock AIME 2" 2010 (problema 7)

Fuente de la solución: [Link]

11
El número total de permutaciones es P6  6! 720 , vamos a contar el número de permutaciones
que no cumplen la condición del enunciado, es decir, que para cada k con 1  k  5 , todos los
primeros k términos de la permutación son menores o iguales que k .

Caso 1: k  1
Son todas las permutaciones que empiezan con 1: 1*****, es decir: P5  5! 120 .

Caso 2: k  2 .
Son todas las permutaciones que empiezan por todas las permutaciones posibles de 12, es decir:
12**** y 21****. Las primeras ya están contadas en el caso 1, luego son todas las que
empiezan por 21: P4  4! 24 .

Caso 3: k  3
Son todas las permutaciones que empiezan por todas las permutaciones posibles de 123, es
decir:
123*** Ya contadas en el caso 1 132*** Ya contadas en el caso 1
213*** Ya contadas en el caso 2 231***
312*** 321***

Luego hay 3P3  3  3! 18

Caso 4: k  4
Son todas las permutaciones que empiezan por todas las permutaciones posibles de 1234, es
decir:
1234** Ya contadas en el caso 1 1243** Ya contadas en el caso 1
1324** Ya contadas en el caso 1 1342** Ya contadas en el caso 1
1423** Ya contadas en el caso 1 1432** Ya contadas en el caso 1
2134** Ya contadas en el caso 2 2143** Ya contadas en el caso 2
2314** Ya contadas en el caso 3 2341**
2413** 2431**
3124** Ya contadas en el caso 3 3142**
3214** Ya contadas en el caso 3 3241**
3412** 3421**
4123** 4132**
4213** 4231**
4312** 4321**

Luego hay 13P2  13  2! 26

Caso 5: k  5
Son todas las permutaciones que empiezan por todas las permutaciones posibles de 12345, es
decir:
1***** Ya contadas en el caso 1

21** Ya contadas en el caso 2 231* Ya contadas en el caso 3

23415* Ya contadas en el caso 4 23451*
23514* 23541*
24135* Ya contadas en el caso 4 24153*
24315* Ya contadas en el caso 4 24351*
24513* 24531*
25134* 25143*
25314* 25341*
11 Casos que empiezan por 2

31245* Ya contadas en el caso 3 31254* Ya contadas en el caso 3

31425* Ya contadas en el caso 4 31452*
31524* 31542*
32145* Ya contadas en el caso 3 32154* Ya contadas en el caso 3
32415* Ya contadas en el caso 4 32451*
32514* 32541*
34125* Ya contadas en el caso 4 34152*
34215* Ya contadas en el caso 4 34251*
34512* 34521*
35124* 35142*
35214* 35241*
35412* 35421*

16 Casos que empiezan por 3

41235* Ya contadas en el caso 4 41253*

41325* 41352*
41523* 41532*
42135* Ya contadas en el caso 4 42153*
42315* Ya contadas en el caso 4 42351*
42513* 42531*
43125* Ya contadas en el caso 4 43152*
43215* Ya contadas en el caso 4 43251*
43512* 43521*
45123* 45132*
45213* 45231*
45312* 45321*

20 Casos que empiezan por 4

5***** P4  24 Casos que empiezan por 5

En total hay 11  16  20  24  71 casos.

Así pues, que no cumplan la condición del enunciado hay

120  24  18  26  71  259

Y finalmente, casos que sí cumplan la condición hay 720  259  461 .

Observación: En [Link]
Se pueden encontrar otras soluciones alternativas, sin pasar al complementario, (tal vez) más elegantes que esta.
12

Utilitzando que sin   sin(180   ) tenemos:

APB   CPD   BPC   APD  
AP  BP  sin APB DP  CP  sin DPC AP  DP  sin APD BP  CP  sin BPC
   
2 2 2 2
AP  BP  DP  CP  AP  DP  BP  CP 
AP  BP  DP  CP  AP  DP  BP  CP  0 
( AP  CP )( BP  PD )  0

Luego el punto P de corte de las dos diagonales es el punto medio de una de ellas. Podemos
suponer, sin pérdida de generalidad, que AP  CP .

Y por tanto APD   CPD  y APB   BPC  y por consiguiente

APB   CPD   BPC   APD  
BPC   CPD   APB   APD  
BDC   ABD  
AB  AD  sin A BC  CD  sin C
 
2 2
10  2 65  sin A  14 10  sin C 
65 sin A  7 sin C 
65 sin 2 A  49 sin 2 C (1)

Por otro lado, aplicando el Teorema del Coseno:

 
2
BD 2  102  2 65  2 10  2 65 cos A
BD 2  102  14  2 10 14 cos C
2

Y por tanto:
102  4  65  2 10  2 65 cos A  102  142  2 10 14 cos C 
260  40 65 cos A  196  280 cos C 
260  196  40 65 cos A  280 cos C 
32  20 65 cos A  140 cos C  8  5 65 cos A  35 cos C
2
8 8 
 65 cos A  7 cos C  65 cos 2 A    7 cos C 
5 5 
2

  8 
 65 1  sin 2 A    7 cos C 
5 
 49 sin 2 C   8
2

 651      7 cos C  
 65   5 
2
8 8
65  49 sin C     2 7 cos C  49 cos 2 C 
2

5 5
2
8 8

65     2 7 cos C  49 sin 2 C  cos 2 C  
5 5
2
8 8
65     2 7 cos C  49 
5 5
2
8 8 3 9 16 4
16     2 7 cos C  cos C   sin C  1  cos 2 C  1   
5 5 5 25 25 5

Y por tanto, finalmente:

ABCD   2BDC   2 14 10 sin C  140 4  112 .
2 5
Fuente de esta solución: [Link]

13
Primera versión.
Sea f n la probabilidad de que el número de lanzamientos sea n.
Observamos que f n es una función de densidad, es decir:


f i 1
i 1

Está claro que f0  f1  f 2  0 puesto que al menos tiene que lanzar el dado 3 veces.
1 1
También está claro que f3  3  .
6 216

Nosotros queremos determinar la probabilidad de un lanzamiento impar:


P  f1  f3  f5  ...   f 2i 1
i 1

Para determinar f n observamos que “sacar 123 en la tirada n y no antes” equivale a “sacar 123
en la tirada n” y “no sacar 123 en las tiradas anteriores hasta n-3”, es decir:
1  n 3 
fn  1   fi 
216  i 1 

Por otro lado, vemos que

1  n 3  1  n  2  1  n 3 n2

f n  f n 1  1   fi   1   f i   1   f i  1   f i  
216  i 1  216  i 1  216  i 1 i 1 
1  n2 n 3
 1
   fi   fi   fn2
216  i 1 i 1  216
1
Así pues, f n  f n 1  fn2
216
Con esta igualdad ya podemos lanzarnos a calcular la probabilidad de P:
 
 1    1 
P   f 2i 1    f 2i 11  f 2i 1 2     f 2i  f 2i  3  
i 1 i 1  216  i 1  216 
   
1 1
  f 2i   f 2i  3   f 2i   f 2i  3
i 1 i 1 216 i 1 216 i 1

En esta última igualdad observamos que f
i 1
2i es la probabilidad de que aparezca la

combinación en una tirada par, es decir, el complementario de P:



f
i 1
2i 1 P

Y que


f
i 1
2i  3 P

Con lo que llegamos a la ecuación

1
P  (1  P)  P
216

que se resuelve fácilmente:

1 1  1  431 216
2P  1  P  2P  P 1 2  P  1  P 1 P 
216 216  216  216 431

Segunda versión (no rigurosa).

Sean Ppar y Pimpar las probabilidades de un número par o impar de lanzamientos.
Está claro que Ppar  Pimpar  1 .
Podemos interpretar este problema en términos de probabilidad condicionada.
La probabilidad de obtener “123” en la primera vez, es 1/216, y si no, las probabilidades se
invierten (esto habría que justificarlo convenientemente). Luego, mediante la fórmula de la
probabilidad total:

1  Pimpar  
1  1  1  1 
Pimpar   1  1   Ppar   1  1 
216  216  216  216 

1

215
1  Pimpar 
216 216

Llegando a la ecuación equivalente a la primera versión.

Fuente de estas soluciones:

[Link]
14
Primera versión (Mediante geometría proyectiva).
Sean M y N los puntos de contacto entre el circuncírculo  y los lados respectivos AB y AC .
Aplicando el Teorema de Brianchon (ver GA/12.7.5) a los hexágonos tangenciales QNCBMP y
PYQCXB deducimos que las rectas MN, CP, BQ y XY son concurrentes en un punto al que
llamaremos O.

Además, por GA/12.5.3 sabemos que  A, O;Y , X   1

Por otro lado, sea Z  PQ  BC . La polar de Z es XY, y el punto A pertenece a XY, luego
aplicando el Teorema de La Hire (GA/13.5.2), Z pertenecerá a la polar de A, que es MN, luego
las rectas PQ, MN y BC son concurrentes en un mismo punto Z.

Observamos que tenemos una perspectividad con centro Z, que conservará razón doble, luego:
 1   A, O;Y , X    A, M ; P, B   A, N ; Q, C 

De la primera igualdad, y trabajando con valor absoluto ya que nuestros segmentos no están
orientados:
AP  MB 3  (7  AM )
 1   A, M ; P, B  
21
  AM 
AB  MP 7  ( AM  3) 5

Y de la misma manera, con la segunda igualdad, y teniendo en cuenta que AM  AN por

GA/11.4.10,
AQ  NC AQ  (8  21/ 5)
1   A, N ; Q, C  
168
  AQ 
AC  NQ 8  (21/ 5  AQ ) 59

Y la respuesta correcta es 168  59  227 .

Segunda versión. (Mediante Teorema del Seno).

Como en la versión anterior, sean M y N los puntos de contacto entre el circuncírculo  y los
lados respectivos AB y AC .
Sea   BAX , y sea   PYA  QYX .

Puesto que QYX y YXC subtienden el mismo arco de  , tenemos

  PYA  QYX  YXC
Por otro lado, puesto que MP  PY por ser ambas tangentes, aplicando el Teorema del Seno al
triángulo APY :
AM AP  PM PM PY sin 
 1 1 1
AP AP AP AP sin 

Y ahora aplicando el Teorema del Seno al triángulo ABX :

AM AB  BM BM BX sin 
 1 1 1
AB AB AB AB sin 

Y sumando las dos igualdades anteriores llegamos a

AM AM AM AM 21
2     AM 
AB AP 7 3 5

Aplicando el mismo argumento al triángulo AQY obtenemos la ecuación

AN AN AM AM 21  1 1 168
2         AQ 
AQ AC AQ AC 5  AQ 8  59

Fuente de estas dos versiones:

[Link]
(en donde podemos encontrar otra tercera versión, mediante una combinación del Teorema del Seno y del
Teorema del Coseno).

15
Nota preliminar: La resolución que expongo no es nada elegante. A posteriori, más bien parece una tentativa más
o menos exitosa de sobrevivir en un mar de casos y condiciones. Pero las soluciones digamos oficiales de
[Link]
tampoco las he encontrado nada esclarecedoras.

f ( x)  f ( y ) f ( x)  f ( y )
x  y  f ( x)  f ( y )  3 x  y  1   3 1 3
x y x y

Por lo tanto podemos interpretar este problema en términos de pendiente de la función: La

variación vertical respecto de la variación horizontal.
y
1 3
x

Para x  1, está claro que 1  y  3 y por lo tanto, de un valor x al siguiente x  1 , los

incrementos verticales admitidos son seis:  3,2,1,1,2  3 .

Así pues, de momento, f (1)  3 , 2 ,1,  1,  2 ,  3 , f (5)  9 , f (4)  6 , f (3)  3 , f (2)  0 .

Para x  2 , tenemos
y
1  3  2  y  6
2

Completando una tabla "Primer paso vs Segundo paso" y sombreando los valores que no
cumplen esta condición nos queda:
y +3 +2 +1 -1 -2 -3
+3 6 5 4 2 1 0
+2 5 4 3 1 0 -1
+1 4 3 2 0 -1 -2
-1 2 1 0 -2 -3 -4
-2 1 0 -1 -3 -4 -5
-3 0 -1 -2 -4 -5 -6

Luego los únicos casos aceptables para f (2) son: f (2)  2,3,4,5,6
Para x  3 , tenemos
y
1  3  3  y  9
3
Completando una tabla "Primeros dos pasos vs Tercer paso" y sombreando los valores que no
cumplen esta condición nos queda:
y +3 +2 +1 -1 -2 -3
+6 9 8 7 5 4 3
+5 8 7 6 4 3 2
+4 7 6 5 3 2 1
+3 6 5 4 2 1 0
+2 5 4 3 1 0 -1
-2 1 0 -1 -3 -4 -5
-3 0 -1 -2 -4 -5 -6
-4 -1 -2 -3 -5 -6 -7
-5 -2 -3 -4 -6 -6 -8
-6 -3 -4 -5 -7 -8 -9

Así pues, puesto que necesito f (6)  12 , y puesto que f (2)  6 , los únicos valores aceptables
para f (3) son: f (3)  9,8,7,6,5,4,3

Eliminando algunos otros casos, los valores que puede tomar la función son los siguientes:

Que son lo suficientemente reducidos como para poder separar por casos:
A) f (3)  3 .
Hacia delante: 1 camino:

Hacia atrás: 3 caminos:

Total: 3 caminos.

B) f (3)  4
Hacia delante: 3 caminos:

Hacia atrás: 5 caminos:

Total: 15 caminos.

C) f (3)  5
Hacia delante: 6 caminos:

Hacia atrás: 9 caminos:

Total: 54 caminos.

D) f (3)  6
Hacia delante: 7 caminos.

Hacia atrás: 7 caminos.

Total: 49 caminos.

E) f (3)  7
Hacia delante: 9 caminos.

Hacia atrás: 6 caminos.

Total: 54 caminos.

F) f (3)  8
Hacia delante: 5 caminos.

Hacia atrás: 3 caminos.

Total: 15 caminos.

G) f (3)  9
Hacia delante: 3 caminos.
Hacia atrás: 1 camino.

Total: 3 caminos.

Además, debemos descontar las combinaciones que hacen incompatible el

grupo  f (2) , f (3) , f (4)  que son:
f (2)  6, f (3)  3, f (4)  6 , f (2)  6, f (3)  5, f (4)  6 ,
f (2)  6, f (3)  4, f (4)  6 , f (2)  6, f (3)  3, f (4)  6 ,
f (2)  6, f (3)  7, f (4)  6 , f (2)  6, f (3)  8, f (4)  6 ,
f (2)  6, f (3)  9, f (4)  6 , f (2)  6, f (3)  8, f (4)  7 .

Con lo que llegamos finalmente a: 3  15  54  49  54  15  3  8  185 funciones.

30/12/21 10:00 Art of Problem Solving

2021 AIME I Problems

2021 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2021) • PDF (http
s://[Link]/community/contest/download/c34
14_amc_10/2021)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Zou and Chou are practicing their -meter sprints by running races against each other. Zou wins the first race, and after that,

the probability that one of them wins a race is if they won the previous race but only if they lost the previous race. The

probability that Zou will win exactly of the races is , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 2
In the diagram below, is a rectangle with side lengths and , and is a rectangle with
side lengths and as shown. The area of the shaded region common to the interiors of both rectangles is

, where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

[Link] 1/4
30/12/21 10:01 Art of Problem Solving

Solution

Problem 3
Find the number of positive integers less than that can be expressed as the difference of two integral powers of

Solution

Problem 4
Find the number of ways identical coins can be separated into three nonempty piles so that there are fewer coins in the first
pile than in the second pile and fewer coins in the second pile than in the third pile.

Solution

Problem 5
Call a three-term strictly increasing arithmetic sequence of integers special if the sum of the squares of the three terms equals the
product of the middle term and the square of the common difference. Find the sum of the third terms of all special sequences.

Solution

Problem 6

Segments and are edges of a cube and is a diagonal through the center of the cube. Point satisfies
and . What is ?

Solution

Problem 7
Find the number of pairs of positive integers with such that there exists a real number
satisfying

Solution

Problem 8
Find the number of integers such that the equation

has distinct real solutions.

Solution

[Link] 2/4
30/12/21 10:01 Art of Problem Solving

Problem 9
Let be an isosceles trapezoid with and Suppose that the distances from to the lines
and are and respectively. Let be the area of Find

Solution

Problem 10

Consider the sequence of positive rational numbers defined by and for , if for

relatively prime positive integers and , then

Determine the sum of all positive integers such that the rational number can be written in the form for some positive

integer .

Solution

Problem 11
Let be a cyclic quadrilateral with and Let and be the feet of
the perpendiculars from and respectively, to line and let and be the feet of the perpendiculars from and

respectively, to line The perimeter of is where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 12
Let be a dodecagon ( -gon). Three frogs initially sit at and . At the end of each minute,
simultaneously, each of the three frogs jumps to one of the two vertices adjacent to its current position, chosen randomly and
independently with both choices being equally likely. All three frogs stop jumping as soon as two frogs arrive at the same vertex at

the same time. The expected number of minutes until the frogs stop jumping is , where and are relatively prime positive
integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 13
Circles and with radii and , respectively, intersect at distinct points and . A third circle is externally
tangent to both and . Suppose line intersects at two points and such that the measure of minor arc is
. Find the distance between the centers of and .

Solution

Problem 14
For any positive integer denotes the sum of the positive integer divisors of . Let be the least positive integer such that
is divisible by for all positive integers . Find the sum of the prime factors in the prime factorization of .

Solution

Problem 15
Let be the set of positive integers such that the two parabolas

[Link] 3/4
30/12/21 10:01 Art of Problem Solving

intersect in four distinct points, and these four points lie on a circle with radius at most . Find the sum of the least element of
and the greatest element of .

Solution

See also
2021 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2021))

Preceded by Followed by
2020 AIME II 2021 AIME II

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American
Mathematics Competitions ([Link] AMC [Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

[Link] 4/4
30/12/21 10:03 Art of Problem Solving

2021 AIME II Problems

2021 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2021) • PDF (http
s://[Link]/community/contest/download/c34
14_amc_10/2021)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Find the arithmetic mean of all the three-digit palindromes. (Recall that a palindrome is a number that reads the same forward and
backward, such as or .)

Solution

Problem 2
Equilateral triangle has side length . Point lies on the same side of line as such that . The
line through parallel to line intersects sides and at points and , respectively. Point lies on such
that is between and , is isosceles, and the ratio of the area of to the area of is .
Find .

Solution

Problem 3
Find the number of permutations of numbers such that the sum of five products

is divisible by .

[Link] 1/4
30/12/21 10:03 Art of Problem Solving
Solution

Problem 4
There are real numbers and such that is a root of and is a root of
These two polynomials share a complex root where and are positive integers and Find

Solution

Problem 5
For positive real numbers , let denote the set of all obtuse triangles that have area and two sides with lengths and .
The set of all for which is nonempty, but all triangles in are congruent, is an interval . Find .

Solution

Problem 6
For any finite set , let denote the number of elements in . Find the number of ordered pairs such that and
are (not necessarily distinct) subsets of that satisfy

Solution

Problem 7
Let and be real numbers that satisfy the system of equations

There exist relatively prime positive integers and such that

Find .

Solution

Problem 8
An ant makes a sequence of moves on a cube where a move consists of walking from one vertex to an adjacent vertex along an
edge of the cube. Initially the ant is at a vertex of the bottom face of the cube and chooses one of the three adjacent vertices to
move to as its first move. For all moves after the first move, the ant does not return to its previous vertex, but chooses to move to
one of the other two adjacent vertices. All choices are selected at random so that each of the possible moves is equally likely. The

probability that after exactly moves that ant is at a vertex of the top face on the cube is , where and are relatively prime
positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 9
Find the number of ordered pairs such that and are positive integers in the set and the greatest
common divisor of and is not .

Solution

Problem 10

[Link] 2/4
30/12/21 10:03 Art of Problem Solving

Two spheres with radii and one sphere with radius are each externally tangent to the other two spheres and to two different
planes and . The intersection of planes and is the line . The distance from line to the point where the sphere with
radius is tangent to plane is , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 11
A teacher was leading a class of four perfectly logical students. The teacher chose a set of four integers and gave a different
number in to each student. Then the teacher announced to the class that the numbers in were four consecutive two-digit
positive integers, that some number in was divisible by , and a different number in was divisible by . The teacher then
asked if any of the students could deduce what is, but in unison, all of the students replied no.

However, upon hearing that all four students replied no, each student was able to determine the elements of . Find the sum of all
possible values of the greatest element of .

Solution

Problem 12
A convex quadrilateral has area and side lengths and in that order. Denote by the measure of the acute angle
formed by the diagonals of the quadrilateral. Then can be written in the form , where and are relatively prime
positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 13
Find the least positive integer for which is a multiple of .

Solution

Problem 14
Let be an acute triangle with circumcenter and centroid . Let be the intersection of the line tangent to the
circumcircle of at and the line perpendicular to at . Let be the intersection of lines and . Given
that the measures of and are in the ratio the degree measure of can

be written as where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 15
Let and be functions satisfying

and

for positive integers . Find the least positive integer such that .

Solution

See also

[Link] 3/4
30/12/21 10:03 Art of Problem Solving

2021 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2021))

Preceded by Followed by
2021 AIME I 2022 AIME I

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American
Mathematics Competitions ([Link] AMC [Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

[Link] 4/4
26/2/22, 18:02 Art of Problem Solving

2022 AIME I Problems

2022 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2022) • PDF (http
s://[Link]/community/contest/download/c34
14_amc_10/2022)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Quadratic polynomials and have leading coefficients and respectively. The graphs of both polynomials pass
through the two points and Find

Solution

Problem 2
Find the three-digit positive integer whose representation in base nine is where and are (not necessarily
distinct) digits.

Solution

Problem 3
In isosceles trapezoid parallel bases and have lengths and respectively, and
The angle bisectors of and meet at and the angle bisectors of and meet at
Find

Solution

[Link] 1/4
26/2/22, 18:02 Art of Problem Solving

Problem 4

Let and where Find the number of ordered pairs of positive integers

not exceeding that satisfy the equation

Solution

Problem 5
A straight river that is meters wide flows from west to east at a rate of meters per minute. Melanie and Sherry sit on the
south bank of the river with Melanie a distance of meters downstream from Sherry. Relative to the water, Melanie swims at
meters per minute, and Sherry swims at meters per minute. At the same time, Melanie and Sherry begin swimming in straight
lines to a point on the north bank of the river that is equidistant from their starting positions. The two women arrive at this point
simultaneously. Find

Solution

Problem 6
Find the number of ordered pairs of integers such that the sequence

is strictly increasing and no set of four (not necessarily consecutive) terms forms an arithmetic progression.

Solution

Problem 7
Let be distinct integers from to The minimum possible positive value of

can be written as where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 8
Equilateral triangle is inscribed in circle with radius Circle is tangent to sides and and is
internally tangent to Circles and are defined analogously. Circles and meet in six points---two points for
each pair of circles. The three intersection points closest to the vertices of are the vertices of a large equilateral triangle
in the interior of and the other three intersection points are the vertices of a smaller equilateral triangle in the interior of
The side length of the smaller equilateral triangle can be written as where and are positive integers.
Find

Solution

Problem 9
Ellina has twelve blocks, two each of red ( ), blue ( ), yellow ( ), green ( ), orange ( ), and purple ( ). Call an arrangement
of blocks if there is an even number of blocks between each pair of blocks of the same color. For example, the arrangement

is even. Ellina arranges her blocks in a row in random order. The probability that her arrangement is even is where and
are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 10

[Link] 2/4
26/2/22, 18:02 Art of Problem Solving

Three spheres with radii and are mutually externally tangent. A plane intersects the spheres in three congruent circles
centered at and respectively, and the centers of the spheres all lie on the same side of this plane. Suppose that
Find

Solution

Problem 11
Let be a parallelogram with A circle tangent to sides and intersects diagonal
at points and with as shown. Suppose that and Then the
area of can be expressed in the form where and are positive integers, and is not divisible by the square
of any prime. Find

Solution

Problem 12
For any finite set let denote the number of elements in Define

where the sum is taken over all ordered pairs such that and are subsets of with
For example, because the sum is taken over the pairs of subsets

giving Let where and are relatively prime positive integers.

Find the remainder when is divided by

Solution

Problem 13

Let be the set of all rational numbers that can be expressed as a repeating decimal in the form where at least one of
the digits or is nonzero. Let be the number of distinct numerators obtained when numbers in are written as
fractions in lowest terms. For example, both and are counted among the distinct numerators for numbers in because

and Find the remainder when is divided by

Solution

Problem 14
Given and a point on one of its sides, call line the [i]splitting line[/i] of through if passes through
and divides into two polygons of equal perimeter. Let be a triangle where and and
are positive integers. Let and be the midpoints of and respectively, and suppose that the splitting lines of
through and intersect at Find the perimeter of

[Link] 3/4
26/2/22, 18:02 Art of Problem Solving
Solution

Problem 15
Let and be positive real numbers satisfying the system of equations:

. Then can be written as where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

See Also
2022 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2022))

Preceded by Followed by
2021 AIME II 2022 AIME II

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

[Link] 4/4
26/2/22, 18:05 Art of Problem Solving

2022 AIME II Problems

2022 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2022) • PDF (http
s://[Link]/community/contest/download/c34
14_amc_10/2022)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1

Adults made up of the crowd of people at a concert. After a bus carrying more people arrived, adults made up of the
people at the concert. Find the minimum number of adults who could have been at the concert after the bus arrived.

Solution

Problem 2
Azar, Carl, Jon, and Sergey are the four players left in a singles tennis tournament. They are randomly assigned opponents in the
semifinal matches, and the winners of those matches play each other in the final match to determine the winner of the tournament.

When Azar plays Carl, Azar will win the match with probability . When either Azar or Carl plays either Jon or Sergey, Azar or Carl

will win the match with probability . Assume that outcomes of different matches are independent. The probability that Carl will

win the tournament is , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 3
[Link] 1/4
26/2/22, 18:05 Art of Problem Solving

A right square pyramid with volume has a base with side length The five vertices of the pyramid all lie on a sphere with

radius , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 4
There is a positive real number not equal to either or such that

The value can be written as , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 5
Twenty distinct points are marked on a circle and labeled through in clockwise order. A line segment is drawn between every
pair of points whose labels differ by a prime number. Find the number of triangles formed whose vertices are among the original
points.

Solution

Problem 6
Let be real numbers such that and
. Among all such -tuples of numbers, the greatest value that can achieve is
, where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 7
A circle with radius is externally tangent to a circle with radius . Find the area of the triangular region bounded by the three
common tangent lines of these two circles.

Solution

Problem 8

Find the number of positive integers whose value can be uniquely determined when the values of , , and

are given, where denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to the real number .

Solution

Problem 9
Let and be two distinct parallel lines. For positive integers and , distinct points lie on ,
and distinct points lie on . Additionally, when segments are drawn for all
and , no point strictly between and lies on more than two of the
segments. Find the number of bounded regions into which this figure divides the plane when and . The figure
shows that there are 8 regions when and .

[Link] 2/4
26/2/22, 18:05 Art of Problem Solving

Solution

Problem 10
Find the remainder when

is divided by .

Solution

Problem 11
Let be a convex quadrilateral with and such that the bisectors of acute angles
and intersect at the midpoint of Find the square of the area of

Solution

Problem 12
Let and be real numbers with and such that

Find the least possible value of

Solution

Problem 13
There is a polynomial with integer coefficients such that

holds for every Find the coefficient of in .

Solution

Problem 14
For positive integers , , and with , consider collections of postage stamps in denominations , , and cents
that contain at least one stamp of each denomination. If there exists such a collection that contains sub-collections worth every
whole number of cents up to cents, let be the minimum number of stamps in such a collection. Find the sum
of the three least values of such that for some choice of and .

Solution

[Link] 3/4
26/2/22, 18:05 Art of Problem Solving

Problem 15
Two externally tangent circles and have centers and , respectively. A third circle passing through and
intersects at and and at and , as shown. Suppose that , , , and
is a convex hexagon. Find the area of this hexagon.

Solution

See also
2022 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2022))

Preceded by Followed by
2022 AIME I 2023 AIME I

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American
Mathematics Competitions ([Link] AMC [Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

[Link] 4/4
21/2/23 12:35 Art of Problem Solving

Art of Problem Solving

2023 AIME I Problems

2023 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2023) • PDF (http
s://[Link]/community/contest/download/c34
16/2023)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

ranging from to , inclusive. Your score will be the number of
correct answers; i.e., there is neither partial credit nor a penalty for wrong
answers.
2. No aids other than scratch paper, graph paper, ruler, compass, and
protractor are permitted. In particular, calculators and computers are not
permitted.

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Five men and nine women stand equally spaced around a circle in random order. The probability that every man stands

diametrically opposite a woman is where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 2
Positive real numbers and satisfy the equations

The value of is where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

[Link] 1/4
21/2/23 12:35 Art of Problem Solving
Solution

Problem 3
A plane contains lines, no of which are parallel. Suppose that there are points where exactly lines intersect, points
where exactly lines intersect, points where exactly lines intersect, points where exactly lines intersect, and no points
where more than lines intersect. Find the number of points where exactly lines intersect.

Solution

Problem 4

The sum of all positive integers such that is a perfect square can be written as where

and are positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 5
Let be a point on the circle circumscribing square that satisfies and
Find the area of

Solution

Problem 6
Alice knows that red cards and black cards will be revealed to her one at a time in random order. Before each card is revealed,

Alice must guess its color. If Alice plays optimally, the expected number of cards she will guess correctly is where and
are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 7
Call a positive integer extra-distinct if the remainders when is divided by and are distinct. Find the number of
extra-distinct positive integers less than .

Solution

Problem 8
Rhombus has There is a point on the incircle of the rhombus such that the distances from
to the lines and are and respectively. Find the perimeter of

Solution

Problem 9
Find the number of cubic polynomials where and are integers in
such that there is a unique integer with

Solution

Problem 10
There exists a unique positive integer for which the sum

is an integer strictly between and . For that unique , find .

(Note that denotes the greatest integer that is less than or equal to .)

[Link] 2/4
21/2/23 12:35 Art of Problem Solving
Solution

Problem 11
Find the number of subsets of that contain exactly one pair of consecutive integers. Examples of such
subsets are and

Solution

Problem 12

Let be an equilateral triangle with side length Points and lie on and respectively,
with and Point inside has the property that

Find

Solution

Problem 13

Each face of two noncongruent parallelepipeds is a rhombus whose diagonals have lengths and . The ratio of the

volume of the larger of the two polyhedra to the volume of the smaller is , where and are relatively prime positive integers.
Find . A parallelepiped is a solid with six parallelogram faces such as the one shown below.

Solution

Problem 14
The following analog clock has two hands that can move independently of each other.

Initially, both hands point to the number . The clock performs a sequence of hand movements so that on each movement, one
of the two hands moves clockwise to the next number on the clock face while the other hand does not move.

Let be the number of sequences of hand movements such that during the sequence, every possible positioning of the
hands appears exactly once, and at the end of the movements, the hands have returned to their initial position. Find the
remainder when is divided by .

[Link] 3/4
21/2/23 12:35 Art of Problem Solving
Solution

Problem 15
Find the largest prime number for which there exists a complex number satisfying

the real and imaginary part of are both integers;

and

there exists a triangle whose three side lengths are the real part of and the imaginary part of

Solution

See also
2023 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
php?c=182&cid=45&year=2023))

Preceded by Followed by
2022 AIME II 2023 AIME II

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

[Link] 4/4
21/2/23 12:35 Art of Problem Solving

Art of Problem Solving

2023 AIME II Problems

2023 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2023) • PDF (http
s://[Link]/community/contest/download/c34
16/2023)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

ranging from to , inclusive. Your score will be the number of
correct answers; i.e., there is neither partial credit nor a penalty for wrong
answers.
2. No aids other than scratch paper, graph paper, ruler, compass, and
protractor are permitted. In particular, calculators and computers are not
permitted.

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
The numbers of apples growing on each of six apple trees form an arithmetic sequence where the greatest number of apples
growing on any of the six trees is double the least number of apples growing on any of the six trees. The total number of apples
growing on all six trees is Find the greatest number of apples growing on any of the six trees.

Solution

Problem 2
Recall that a palindrome is a number that reads the same forward and backward. Find the greatest integer less than that is
a palindrome both when written in base ten and when written in base eight, such as

Solution

Problem 3
Let be an isosceles triangle with There exists a point inside such that
and Find the area of

[Link] 1/4
21/2/23 12:35 Art of Problem Solving
Solution

Problem 4
Let and be real numbers satisfying the system of equations

Let be the set of possible values of Find the sum of the squares of the elements of

Solution

Problem 5
Let be the set of all positive rational numbers such that when the two numbers and are written as fractions in lowest
terms, the sum of the numerator and denominator of one fraction is the same as the sum of the numerator and denominator of the
other fraction. The sum of all the elements of can be expressed in the form where and are relatively prime positive

integers. Find

Solution

Problem 6
Consider the L-shaped region formed by three unit squares joined at their sides, as shown below. Two points and are chosen
independently and uniformly at random from inside the region. The probability that the midpoint of also lies inside this L-

shaped region can be expressed as where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 7
Each vertex of a regular dodecagon ( -gon) is to be colored either red or blue, and thus there are possible colorings. Find the
number of these colorings with the property that no four vertices colored the same color are the four vertices of a rectangle.

Solution

Problem 8

Let where Find the value of the product

[Link] 2/4
21/2/23 12:35 Art of Problem Solving
Solution

Problem 9
Circles and intersect at two points and and their common tangent line closer to intersects and at points
and respectively. The line parallel to that passes through intersects and for the second time at points
and respectively. Suppose and Then the area of trapezoid is
where and are positive integers and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find

Solution

Problem 10
Let be the number of ways to place the integers through in the cells of a grid so that for any two cells sharing
a side, the difference between the numbers in those cells is not divisible by One way to do this is shown below. Find the number
of positive integer divisors of

Solution

Problem 11
Find the number of collections of distinct subsets of with the property that for any two subsets and in
the collection,

Solution

Problem 12
In with side lengths and let be the midpoint of Let be the point
on the circumcircle of such that is on There exists a unique point on segment such that
Then can be written as where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 13
Let be an acute angle such that Find the number of positive integers less than or equal to
such that is a positive integer whose units digit is

Solution

Problem 14
A cube-shaped container has vertices and where and are parallel edges of the cube, and and
are diagonals of faces of the cube, as shown. Vertex of the cube is set on a horizontal plane so that the plane of the
rectangle is perpendicular to vertex is meters above vertex is meters above and vertex is
meters above The cube contains water whose surface is parallel to at a height of meters above The volume of water is

cubic meters, where and are relatively prime positive intgers. Find

Solution

Problem 15
For each positive integer let be the least positive integer multiple of such that Find the number
of positive integers less than or equal to that satisfy

[Link] 3/4
21/2/23 12:35 Art of Problem Solving
Solution

See also

2023 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2023))

Preceded by Followed by
2023 AIME I 2024 AIME I

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

[Link] 4/4
Art of Problem Solving AoPS Online Beast Academy AoPS Academy

2024 AIME I Problems

2024 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2024) • PDF (http
s://[Link]/community/contest/download/c34
16/2024)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

ranging from to , inclusive. Your score will be the number of
correct answers; i.e., there is neither partial credit nor a penalty for wrong
answers.
2. No aids other than scratch paper, graph paper, ruler, compass, and
protractor are permitted. In particular, calculators and computers are not
permitted.

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Every morning, Aya does a kilometer walk, and then finishes at the coffee shop. One day, she walks at kilometers per hour, and
the walk takes hours, including minutes at the coffee shop. Another morning, she walks at kilometers per hour, and the

walk takes hours and minutes, including minutes at the coffee shop. This morning, if she walks at kilometers per

hour, how many minutes will the walk take, including the minutes at the coffee shop?

Solution

Problem 2

Real numbers and with satisfy What is the value of ?

Solution

Problem 3
Alice and Bob play the following game. A stack of tokens lies before them. The players take turns with Alice going first. On each
turn, the player removes token or tokens from the stack. The player who removes the last token wins. Find the number of
positive integers less than or equal to such that there is a strategy that guarantees that Bob wins, regardless of Alice’s
moves.

Solution

Problem 4
Jen enters a lottery by picking distinct numbers from numbers are randomly chosen from
She wins a prize if at least two of her numbers were of the randomly chosen numbers, and wins the grand prize if all four of
her numbers were the randomly chosen numbers. The probability of her winning the grand prize given that she won a prize is
where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 5
Rectangles and are drawn such that are collinear. Also, all lie on a circle. If
and what is the length of ?

Solution

Problem 6
Consider the paths of length that follow the lines from the lower left corner to the upper right corner on an grid. Find the
number of such paths that change direction exactly four times, like in the examples shown below.

Solution

Problem 7
Find the largest possible real part of
where is a complex number with .

Solution

Problem 8
Eight circles of radius can be placed tangent to of so that the circles are sequentially tangent to each other,
with the first circle being tangent to and the last circle being tangent to , as shown. Similarly, circles of radius

can be placed tangent to in the same manner. The inradius of can be expressed as , where and are
relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 9

Let be a rhombus whose vertices all lie on the hyperbola and are in that order. If its diagonals
intersect at the origin, find the largest number less than for all rhombuses .

Solution

Problem 10
Let be a triangle inscribed in circle . Let the tangents to at and intersect at point , and let intersect at
. If , , and , can be written as the form , where and are relatively prime integers.
Find .

Solution

Problem 11
Each vertex of a regular octagon is independently colored either red or blue with equal probability. The probability that the octagon
can then be rotated so that all of the blue vertices end up at positions where there were originally red vertices is , where and
are relatively prime positive integers. What is ?

Solution

Problem 12

Define and . Find the number of intersections of the graphs of

Solution

Problem 13
Let be the least prime number for which there exists a positive integer such that is divisible by . Find the least
positive integer such that is divisible by .
Solution

Problem 14

Let be a tetrahedron such that , , and .

There exists a point inside the tetrahedron such that the distances from to each of the faces of the tetrahedron are all equal.

This distance can be written in the form , when , , and are positive integers, and are relatively prime, and is

not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 15
Let be the set of rectangular boxes with surface area and volume . Let be the radius of the smallest sphere that can
contain each of the rectangular boxes that are elements of . The value of can be written as , where and are relatively

prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

See also
2024 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
php?c=182&cid=45&year=2024))

Preceded by Followed by
2023 AIME II 2024 AIME II

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

Art of Problem Solving AoPS Online Beast Academy AoPS Academy

2024 AIME II Problems

2024 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2024) • PDF (http
s://[Link]/community/contest/download/c34
16/2024)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

ranging from to , inclusive. Your score will be the number of
correct answers; i.e., there is neither partial credit nor a penalty for wrong
answers.
2. No aids other than scratch paper, graph paper, ruler, compass, and
protractor are permitted. In particular, calculators and computers are not
permitted.

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Among the residents of Aimeville, there are who own a diamond ring, who own a set of golf clubs, and who
own a garden spade. In addition, each of the residents owns a bag of candy hearts. There are residents who own exactly
two of these things, and residents who own exactly three of these things. Find the number of residents of Aimeville who own
all four of these things.

Solution

Problem 2
A list of positive integers has the following properties:

The sum of the items in the list is .

The unique mode of the list is .

The median of the list is a positive integer that does not appear in the list itself.

Find the sum of the squares of all the items in the list.
Solution

Problem 3
Find the number of ways to place a digit in each cell of a 2x3 grid so that the sum of the two numbers formed by reading left to
right is , and the sum of the three numbers formed by reading top to bottom is . The grid below is an example of such an
arrangement because and .

Solution

Problem 4
Let and be positive real numbers that satisfy the following system of equations:

Then the value of is where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 5
Let be a convex equilateral hexagon in which all pairs of opposite sides are parallel. The triangle whose sides are
extensions of segments , , and has side lengths and . Find the side length of the hexagon.

Solution

Problem 6
Alice chooses a set of positive integers. Then Bob lists all finite nonempty sets of positive integers with the property that the
maximum element of belongs to . Bob's list has sets. Find the sum of the elements of .

Solution

Problem 7
Let be the greatest four-digit integer with the property that whenever one of its digits is changed to , the resulting number is
divisible by . Let and be the quotient and remainder, respectively, when is divided by . Find .

Solution

Problem 8
Torus is the surface produced by revolving a circle with radius 3 around an axis in the plane of the circle that is a distance 6 from
the center of the circle (so like a donut). Let be a sphere with a radius 11. When rests on the inside of , it is internally
tangent to along a circle with radius , and when rests on the outside of , it is externally tangent to along a circle with
radius . The difference can be written as , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .
Solution

Problem 9
There are indistinguishable white chips and indistinguishable black chips, find the number of ways to place some of these
chips in a grid such that:

Every cell contains at most one chip.

There can only be one colour of chip in any row or column.

Any additional chip placed will violate one or more of the previous rules.

Solution

Problem 10

Let have incenter and circumcenter with , circumradius , and inradius . Find .

Solution

Problem 11
Find the number of triples of nonnegative integers satisfying and

Solution

Problem 12

Let and be points in the coordinate plane. Let be the family of segments of unit
length lying in the first quadrant with on the -axis and on the -axis. There is a unique point on distinct from
and that does not belong to any segment from other than . Then , where and are relatively prime
positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 13
Let be a 13th root of unity. Find the remainder when

is divided by 1000.
Solution

Problem 14
Let be an integer. Call a positive integer if it has exactly two digits when expressed in base , and these
two digits sum to . For example, is -eautiful because and . Find the least integer
for which there are more than ten -eautiful integers.

Solution

Problem 15
Find the number of rectangles that can be formed inside a fixed regular dodecagon ( -gon) where each side of the rectangle lies
on either a side or a diagonal of the dodecagon. The diagram below shows three of those rectangles.

Solution

See also
2024 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2024))

Preceded by Followed by
2024 AIME I 2025 AIME I

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

The problems on this page are copyrighted by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

17/6/25, 7:35 Art of Problem Solving

Art of Problem Solving AoPS Online Beast Academy AoPS Academy

2025 AIME I Problems

2025 AIME I (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2025) • PDF (http
s://[Link]/community/contest/download/c34
16/2025)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

ranging from to , inclusive. Your score will be the number of
correct answers; i.e., there is neither partial credit nor a penalty for wrong
answers.
2. No aids other than scratch paper, rulers and compasses are permitted. In
particular, graph paper, protractors, calculators and computers are not
permitted.

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Find the sum of all integer bases for which is a divisor of .

Solution

Problem 2
On points , , , and lie in that order on side with , , and . Points ,
, , and lie in that order on side with , , and . Let be the reflection of
through , and let be the reflection of through . Quadrilateral has area . Find the area of heptagon
.

[Link] 1/4
17/6/25, 7:35 Art of Problem Solving

Solution

Problem 3
The members of a baseball team went to an ice-cream parlor after their game. Each player had a single scoop cone of chocolate,
vanilla, or strawberry ice cream. At least one player chose each flavor, and the number of players who chose chocolate was greater
than the number of players who chose vanilla, which was greater than the number of players who chose strawberry. Let be the
number of different assignments of flavors to players that meet these conditions. Find the remainder when is divided by

Solution

Problem 4
Find the number of ordered pairs , where both and are integers between and , inclusive, such that
.

Solution

Problem 5
There are eight-digit positive integers that use each of the digits exactly once. Let be
the number of these integers that are divisible by . Find the difference between and .

Solution

Problem 6
An isosceles trapezoid has an inscribed circle tangent to each of its four sides. The radius of the circle is , and the area of the
trapezoid is . Let the parallel sides of the trapezoid have lengths and , with . Find .

Solution

Problem 7
The twelve letters , , , , , , , , , , , and are randomly grouped into six pairs of letters. The two letters in each
pair are placed next to each other in alphabetical order to form six two-letter words, and then those six words are listed
alphabetically. For example, a possible result is , , , , , . The probability that the last word listed

contains is , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 8
Let be a real number such that the system

[Link] 2/4
17/6/25, 7:35 Art of Problem Solving

has exactly one complex solution . The sum of all possible values of can be written as , where and are relatively prime

positive integers. Find . Here .

Solution

Problem 9
The parabola with equation is rotated counterclockwise around the origin. The unique point in the fourth

quadrant where the original parabola and its image intersect has -coordinate , where , , and are positive integers,

and and are relatively prime. Find .

Solution

Problem 10
The cells of a grid are filled in using the numbers through so that each row contains different numbers, and
each of the three blocks heavily outlined in the example below contains different numbers, as in the first three rows of a
Sudoku puzzle.

The number of different ways to fill such a grid can be written as where , , , and are distinct prime
numbers and , , , are positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 11
A piecewise linear function is defined by

and for all real numbers . The graph of has the sawtooth pattern depicted below.

The parabola intersects the graph of at finitely many points. The sum of the -coordinates of all these
intersection points can be expressed in the form , where , , , and are positive integers such that , , have
greatest common divisor equal to , and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find .

[Link] 3/4
17/6/25, 7:35 Art of Problem Solving
Solution

Problem 12
The set of points in -dimensional coordinate space that lie in the plane whose coordinates satisfy the
inequalities

forms three disjoint convex regions. Exactly one of those regions has finite area. The area of this finite region can be expressed in
the form where and are positive integers and is not divisible by the square of any prime. Find

Solution

Problem 13
Alex divides a disk into four quadrants with two perpendicular diameters intersecting at the center of the disk. He draws more
line segments through the disk, drawing each segment by selecting two points at random on the perimeter of the disk in different
quadrants and connecting these two points. Find the expected number of regions into which these line segments divide the
disk.

Solution

Problem 14
Let be a convex pentagon with and
For each point in the plane, define The
least possible value of can be expressed as where and are positive integers and is not divisible by
the square of any prime. Find

Solution

Problem 15

Let denote the number of ordered triples of positive integers such that and is a
multiple of . Find the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

See also

2025 AIME I (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]

php?c=182&cid=45&year=2025))

Preceded by Followed by
2024 AIME II 2025 AIME II

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

[Link] 4/4
17/6/25, 7:37 Art of Problem Solving

Art of Problem Solving AoPS Online Beast Academy AoPS Academy

2025 AIME II Problems

2025 AIME II (Answer Key)
| AoPS Contest Collections ([Link]
m/Forum/[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2025) • PDF (http
s://[Link]/community/contest/download/c34
16/2025)

Instructions

1. This is a 15-question, 3-hour examination. All answers are integers

ranging from to , inclusive. Your score will be the number of
correct answers; i.e., there is neither partial credit nor a penalty for wrong
answers.
2. No aids other than scratch paper, rulers and compasses are permitted. In
particular, graph paper, protractors, calculators and computers are not
permitted.

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

Problem 1
Six points and lie in a straight line in that order. Suppose that is a point not on the line and that
, , , , , , and Find the area of
.

Solution

Problem 2
Find the sum of all positive integers such that divides the product

Solution

Problem 3
Four unit squares form a grid. Each of the unit line segments forming the sides of the squares is colored either red or
blue in such a way that each unit square has red sides and blue sides. One example is shown below (red is solid, blue is
dashed). Find the number of such colorings.

[Link] 1/5
17/6/25, 7:37 Art of Problem Solving

Solution

Problem 4
The product

is equal to where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find

Solution

Problem 5
Suppose has angles and Let and be the
midpoints of sides and respectively. The circumcircle of intersects and at
points and respectively. The points and divide the circumcircle of into six minor
arcs, as shown. Find where the arcs are measured in degrees.

Solution

Problem 6
Circle with radius centered at point is internally tangent at point to circle with radius . Points and lie on
such that is a diameter of and . The rectangle is inscribed in such that ,
is closer to than to , and is closer to than to , as shown. Triangles and have

equal areas. The area of rectangle is , where and are relatively prime positive integers. Find .

[Link] 2/5
17/6/25, 7:37 Art of Problem Solving

Solution

Problem 7
Let be the set of positive integer divisors of . Let be a randomly selected subset of . The probability that is a

nonempty set with the property that the least common multiple of its elements is is , where and are relatively
prime positive integers. Find .

Solution

Problem 8
From an unlimited supply of -cent coins, -cent coins, and -cent coins, Silas wants to find a collection of coins that has a
total value of cents, where is a positive integer. He uses the so-called , successively choosing the coin
of greatest value that does not cause the value of his collection to exceed . For example, to get cents, Silas will choose a -
cent coin, then a -cent coin, then -cent coins. However, this collection of coins uses more coins than necessary to get a
total of cents; indeed, choosing -cent coins and -cent coins achieves the same total value with only coins.

In general, the greedy algorithm succeeds for a given if no other collection of -cent, -cent, and -cent coins gives a total
value of cents using strictly fewer coins than the collection given by the greedy algorithm. Find the number of values of
between and inclusive for which the greedy algorithm succeeds.

Solution

Problem 9
There are values of in the interval where . For of these values
of , the graph of is tangent to the -axis. Find .

Solution

Problem 10
Sixteen chairs are arranged in a row. Eight people each select a chair in which to sit so that no person sits next to two other people.
Let be the number of subsets of chairs that could be selected. Find the remainder when is divided by .

Solution

Problem 11
Let be the set of vertices of a regular -gon. Find the number of ways to draw segments of equal lengths so that each
vertex in is an endpoint of exactly one of the segments.

Solution

Problem 12
Let be an -sided non-convex simple polygon with the following properties:

• For every integer , the area of is ,

[Link] 3/5
17/6/25, 7:37 Art of Problem Solving

• For every integer , ,

• The perimeter of the -gon is equal to .

Then can be expressed as where are positive integers, is not divisible by any

square, and no prime divides all of , , and . Find .

Solution

Problem 13

Let the sequence of rationals be defined such that and

for all . Then can be expressed as for relatively prime positive integers and . Find the remainder when

is divided by .

Solution

Problem 14
Let be a right triangle with and There exist points and inside the triangle such

The area of the quadrilateral can be expressed as for some positive integer Find

Solution

Problem 15
There are exactly three positive real numbers such that the function

defined over the positive real numbers achieves its minimum value at exactly two positive real numbers . Find the sum of these
three values of .

Solution

See also
2025 AIME II (Problems • Answer Key • Resources ([Link]
[Link]?c=182&cid=45&year=2025))

Preceded by Followed by
2025 AIME I 2026 AIME I

1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10 • 11 • 12 • 13 • 14 • 15

All AIME Problems and Solutions

American Invitational Mathematics Examination

AIME Problems and Solutions
Mathematics competition resources

[Link] 4/5
17/6/25, 7:37 Art of Problem Solving
These problems are copyrighted © by the Mathematical Association of America ([Link] as part of the American

Mathematics Competitions ([Link]

Retrieved from "[Link]

[Link] 5/5
Respuestas correctas
AIME (1983-1999)
83

99
19

19
1 60 93 384 337 300 770 869 528 146 400 728 63 255 200 750 25 29
2 15 592 26 104 137 169 968 828 840 502 580 312 25 340 125 480 118
3 20 144 198 150 182 27 750 117 166 164 943 561 67 44 126 800 38
4 26 649 32 181 480 20 675 13 159 62 870 312 224 166 17 17 185
5 4 512 986 890 588 634 283 432 128 660 763 103 51 23 417 40 223
6 35 24 315 33 193 142 160 840 743 156 495 660 589 49 42 308 314
7 57 997 757 981 70 110 925 89 383 320 5 72 27 300 198 196 650
8 61 160 61 141 112 364 334 560 10 819 365 315 85 799 90 618 25
9 12 20 49 306 33 192 144 73 44 164 118 394 616 342 233 87 259
10 432 119 600 358 120 840 994 144 532 572 250 450 215 159 117 152 489
11 288 106 85 816 486 163 947 23 135 945 93 465 40 276 241 525 177
12 65 401 182 61 19 441 137 720 677 792 344 702 5 58 58 83 345
13 448 15 401 560 931 987 905 184 990 820 163 850 400 65 66 368 742
14 130 38 25 750 373 84 490 594 384 94 448 71 378 768 582 130 463
15 175 36 864 400 462 704 108 20 12 396 997 597 37 777 554 761 408

AIME I (2000-2016)
00

16
20

20
1 8 630 59 839 217 942 84 83 252 840 107 85 40 150 790 722 336
2 21 651 154 301 201 12 901 52 25 697 109 36 195 200 144 139 71
3 667 500 25 484 241 109 725 15 314 11 529 31 216 18 200 307 810
4 260 291 840 12 86 294 124 105 80 177 515 56 279 429 49 507 108
5 26 937 183 505 849 630 936 539 14 72 501 144 330 98 134 341 53
6 997 79 12 348 882 45 360 169 17 412 406 11 71 47 36 58 13
7 5 923 428 380 588 150 408 477 708 41 760 16 280 41 100 539 103
8 52 315 748 129 199 113 89 30 47 398 132 318 89 371 937 695 162
9 25 61 757 615 35 74 46 737 190 420 158 192 49 113 2 494 744
10 173 200 148 83 817 47 65 860 32 346 202 503 170 80 58 72 504
11 248 149 230 92 512 544 458 955 172 600 365 7 373 148 391 108 109
12 177 5 275 777 14 25 906 875 375 11 243 594 18 21 453 431 132
13 731 174 63 155 482 83 899 80 40 90 69 330 41 961 850 91 273
14 571 351 30 127 813 936 183 224 432 905 109 37 375 36 263 483 574
15 927 85 163 289 511 38 27 989 871 150 45 98 332 272 41 53 270

AIME II (2000-2016)
00

16
20

1 7 816 9 336 592 13 46 372 100 114 640 37 34 275 334 131 108
2 98 298 294 120 441 79 893 200 620 469 281 810 363 881 76 25 107
3 758 898 111 192 384 802 49 578 729 141 150 143 88 350 720 476 265
4 180 67 803 28 927 435 462 450 21 89 52 51 61 40 447 18 180
5 376 253 42 216 766 54 29 888 504 32 75 542 750 20 420 90 182
6 181 251 521 112 408 392 12 640 561 750 8 80 125 282 167 440 275
7 137 725 112 400 293 125 738 553 753 401 136 3 32 945 21 161 840
8 110 429 49 348 54 405 336 896 251 41 772 784 40 272 254 36 728
9 0 929 501 6 973 250 27 259 19 0 11 559 107 106 581 384 262
10 647 784 900 156 913 11 831 710 240 96 163 57 496 146 147 486 43
11 131 341 518 578 625 889 834 179 254 125 68 73 8 399 56 23 749
12 118 101 660 134 134 307 865 91 310 803 676 97 958 540 399 548 732
13 200 69 901 683 484 418 15 640 29 672 263 96 677 10 28 628 371
14 495 840 98 51 108 463 63 676 7 983 7 440 16 512 77 89 450
15 1 417 282 15 593 169 9 389 181 14 218 850 919 222 149 129 863
AIME I (2017 - )
17

25
20

20
1 390 600 342 547 97 116 191 204 70
2 62 925 29 17 109 227 881 25 588
3 69 157 120 621 50 242 607 809 16
4 803 289 122 93 331 834 12 116 117
5 321 189 252 52 31 550 106 104 279
6 48 440 90 173 192 228 51 294 504
7 564 52 880 81 63 289 49 540 821
8 41 147 67 103 57 378 125 197 77
9 45 210 540 77 567 247 738 480 62
10 56 4 352 407 59 756 944 113 81
11 360 195 20 510 301 150 235 371 259
12 252 683 230 270 19 245 75 385 510
13 59 126 32 36 672 392 125 110 204
14 896 351 97 85 125 459 608 104 60
15 145 59 65 58 285 33 349 721 735

AIME II (2017 - )
17

25
20

1 196 800 59 231 550 154 220 73 468

2 781 112 107 171 336 125 585 236 49
3 409 371 96 103 80 21 250 45 82
4 222 23 187 108 330 112 273 33 106
5 791 74 520 151 736 72 719 80 336
6 195 37 216 626 454 841 35 55 293
7 501 20 715 298 145 192 928 699 237
8 134 556 53 101 49 80 24 127 610
9 13 184 472 90 295 244 33 902 149
10 546 756 547 239 335 4 144 468 907
11 544 461 11 71 258 180 81 601 113
12 110 112 47 248 47 23 247 23 19
13 245 647 504 60 797 220 167 321 248
14 168 227 71 10 592 188 751 211 104
15 682 185 574 717 258 140 363 315 240

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