ESCUELA MILITAR DE INGENIERÍA

“Mcal. Antonio Jose de Sucre”

UNIDAD ACADÉMICA SANTA CRUZ

Proyecto de puentes 2er parcial

Nombre y apellido: Mijael Angel Renteria Vargas

Código: S8721-1

Carrera: Ing. Civil

Docente: Ing. Juan Carlos Mojica Aparicio

Santa Cruz – abril de 2025

 DISEÑO DE PUENTE CON VIGA AASHTO ESTANDAR

kg kg kg kg
fy ≔ 5000 ―― γHA ≔ 2500 ―― pasfalto ≔ 2200 ―― Lc ≔ 2.05 m f'c ≔ 210 ――
cm 2 m3 m3 cm 2

w≔9 m

1. Diseño de losa tablero

Lc + 3.05 m
t ≔ ――――= 0.17 m
30
t ≥ 0.17 m clear ((t))
Lc
― = 0.137 m “Asumimos ” t ≔ 25 cm
15
1.2. Determinación de la carga muerta
kg
Pplosa ≔ t ⋅ γHA Pplosa = 625 ――
m2

kg
Prodadura ≔ 0.05 m ⋅ pasfalto Prodadura = 110 ――
m2

2 ((0.20 m ⋅ 0.25 m + 0.40 m ⋅ 0.15 m)) ⋅ γHA kg

Pvoladizo ≔ ―――――――――――――― Pvoladizo = 67.073 ――
2 ((0.4 m + 0.20 m)) + ((7 m)) m2
 kg
100 ―
m kg
Pbaranda ≔ 2 ⋅ ――――――――― Pbaranda = 24.39 ――
2 ((0.4 m + 0.20 m)) + ((7 m)) m2

kg
qmc ≔ Pbaranda + Pvoladizo + Prodadura + Pplosa qmc ≔ 1080 ――
m2

kg
qmc = 1080 ――
m2

qmc ⋅ Lc 2
Mcm ≔ 0.8 ⋅ ―――― ⋅m Mcm = 453.87 kg ⋅ m
8
1.3. Determinación de la carga viva

E ＝ 1.22 + 0.06 Lc ≤ 2.13 m

E ≔ 1.22 m + 0.06 ⋅ ((Lc)) E = 1.343 m

Carga camion HS2044

P ≔ 7260 kg

P kg
―= 5405.808 ―
E m

Lc
― + 0.61
m
Mcv ≔ 0.8 ⋅ P ⋅ ―――― ⋅m Mcv = ⎛⎝1.585 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m
9.75
1.4. Considerando el impacto
15.24 15.24
I ＝ ――― ≤ 0.30 I ≔ ―――= 0.381 clear ((I)) “Adoptamos” I ≔ 0.30
Lc + 38 Lc
― + 38
m
1.5. Resumen de las cargas

Mcm ≔ Mcm

Mcvi ≔ Mcv ⋅ ((1 + I)) = 2059.904 kg ⋅ m

1.6. Momento ultimo de diseño

Mu ≔ 1.3 ⋅ ⎛⎝Mcm + 1.67 ⋅ Mcvi⎞⎠ Mu = ⎛⎝5.062 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m

1.7. Determinación de la armadura necesaria
kg
Es ≔ 2.03 ⋅ 10 6 ―― β ≔ 0.85 r ≔ 3 cm ϕ ≔ 2.5 cm
cm 2

⎛ fy ⎞
Mr ＝ ϕ ⋅ b ⋅ d 2 ⋅ fy ⋅ ρ ⎜1 - 0.6 ρ ⋅ ―⎟
⎝ f'c ⎠

1.7.1. Calculo del peralte efectivo

ϕ
d. ≔ t - r - ― d. = 20.75 cm t = 0.25 m
2

1.7.2. La profundidad del bloque de compresión

b≔1 m d. = 20.75 cm

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2.6144 ⋅ Mu
a ≔ d. - d. 2 - ―――― a = 1.579 cm
f'c ⋅ b
1.7.3. la armadura necesaria
Mu
As ≔ ―――――― As = 5.636 cm 2
⎛ a⎞
0.9 ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d. - ―⎟
⎝ 2⎠
Entonces clear ((As))
100 ((12 mm )) 2
As ≔ ―― ⋅ π ⋅ ――――
20 4

As = 5.655 cm 2 “Usar ϕ12mm c/20cm”

1.7.4. La cuantía de la armadura

Determinación de cuantías
f'c 6090
ρmax ≔ 0.85 ⋅ β ⋅ ― ⋅ ―――― ρmax = 0.017
fy 6090 + 5000
 14
ρmin ≔ ―― ρmin = 0.003
5000
Armadura máxima por flexión

Asmax ≔ 0.75 ⋅ ρmax ⋅ b ⋅ d. Asmax = 25.933 cm 2

Armadura mínima por flexión

Asmin ≔ ρmin ⋅ b ⋅ d. Asmin = 5.81 cm 2

Armadura por temperatura clear ⎛⎝Asmin⎞⎠

Asmin ≔ 0.002 ⋅ b ⋅ t Asmin = 5 cm 2

As
As = 5.655 cm 2 ρb ≔ ―― = 0.003
b ⋅ d.

if ⎛⎝Asmin < As < Asmax , “cumple” , “no cumple”⎞⎠ = “cumple”

if ⎛⎝ρmin < ρb < ρmax , “cumple” , “no cumple”⎞⎠ = “no cumple”

1.8. Armadura de distribución

para la armadura de distribución la norma AASHTO en su sección 3.24.10, especifica la siguiente

formula para calcular la armadura de distribución, principalmente cuando se considera que la
armadura principal es paralela al trafico

0.552
para armadura principal paralela al ――⋅ ⎛⎝Asprincipal⎞⎠ < 0.50 ⋅ Asprincipal
trafico ‾‾‾
Lc

Asdistribucion ≔ 0.22 ⋅ As Asdistribucion = 1.244 cm 2 clear ((As))

100 ((10 mm )) 2
As ≔ ―― ⋅ π ⋅ ―――― = 1.963 cm 2 “Usar ϕ10mm c/40cm”
40 4
 2. Diseño de viga longitudinal

La norma AASHTO ESTANDAR en su articulo 1.5.40 (b) recomienda la siguiente altura para la viga,
esto con la finalidad de evitar el control de deflexiones

L: luz de la viga en metros L ≔ 18 m

L + 2.75 L + 2.75 m
h ≥ ――― h1 ≔ ―――― h1 = 1.153 m
18 18

h ≥ 0.07 ⋅ L h2 ≔ 0.07 ⋅ L h2 = 1.26 m

Se adopta h ≔ 1.3 m d´ ≔ 15 cm d ≔ h - d´ d = 1.15 m

En función a la longitud del puente, adoptamos un ancho de viga bw ≔ 0.45 m

Para las vigas transversales de un puente la norma AASHTO con la finalidad de evitar la distorsión
de las vigas longitudinales, recomienda que estos se ubiquen a distancias de hasta 12 metros.

hdiafragma ≔ 0.8 ⋅ h hdiafragma = 1.04 m bdiafragma ≔ 0.20 m

2.1. Momento y cortante por carga muerta

La norma AASHTO considera que si los protectores, acera, bordillo y rodadura se colocan
después del curado de la losa tablero de H°A°, cargas de peso propio pueden ser consideradas
como distribuidas igualmente para todas las vigas.

Wt ≔ 9 m
kg 1 kg
Protectores F1M ≔ 100 ― q1 ≔ 2 ⋅ F1M ⋅ ― q1 = 50 ―
m 4 m

kg 1 kg
Aceras F2M ≔ 168.75 ― q2 ≔ 2 ⋅ F2M ⋅ ― q2 = 84.375 ―
m 4 m

kg 1 kg
Bordillo F3M ≔ 245.5 ― q3 ≔ 2 ⋅ F3M ⋅ ― q3 = 122.75 ―
m 4 m

1 kg
Losa tablero q4 ≔ t ⋅ Wt ⋅ γHA ⋅ ― q4 = 1406.25 ―
4 m

kg
Nervio de la viga q5 ≔ bw ⋅ ((h - t)) ⋅ γHA q5 = 1181.25 ―
m

kg
qcm ≔ q1 + q2 + q3 + q4 + q5 qcm = 2844.625 ―
m
 diafragma

hd ≔ 0.8 ⋅ h hd = 1.04 m clear ⎛⎝hd⎞⎠ hd ≔ 1 m bd ≔ 0.20 m

1
PCM ≔ bd ⋅ ((4 ⋅ Lc)) ⋅ ⎛⎝hd - t⎞⎠ ⋅ γHA ⋅ ― PCM = 768.75 kg clear ⎛⎝MCM⎞⎠
4

PCM ⋅ L qcm ⋅ L 2
MCM ≔ ――― + ――― MCM = 118666.688 kg ⋅ m Al centro
4 8

PCM
QCM ≔ ―― QCM = 384.375 kg Al centro
2

qcm ⋅ L PCM
QCM1 ≔ ――― + ―― QCM1 = 25986 kg En los extremos
2 2

qcm ⋅ ((1.15 m)) 2

QCM2 ≔ QCM1 ⋅ 1.15 m - ――――― QCM2 = 28002.892 kg ⋅ m A los 1.25m
2

qcm ⋅ ((4.5 m)) 2

MCM1 ≔ QCM1 ⋅ 4.5 m - ――――― MCM1 = 88135.172 kg ⋅ m A los 2.25m
2

2.1.1. Diagrama de momento flectores

2.1.2. Diagrama de cortantes

2.2. Momento y cortante por carga viva

Para la determinación de los momentos flectores máximos por carga viva, se utiliza el
teorema de barre, para ello se considera el tren tipo del camión HS20 - 44

P 9
R ≔ ―+ P + P R. ≔ ―⋅ P
4 4

P solve , x
―⋅ 4.3 m + R ⋅ x - P ⋅ 4.3 m ＝ 0 ――― → 1.4333333333333333333 ⋅ m
4
X
X ≔ 1.43 m ―= 0.715 m
2

L X
2.2.1. Momento por carga viva para x ≔ ―- ― x = 8.285 m
2 2

x ⋅ ((L - x))
n2 ≔ ―――― n2 = 4.472
L⋅m

n2 n1 solve , n1
―＝ ―――――― ――― → 2.1507930555555555556 n1 ≔ 2.151
x ⎛L X ⎞
⎜―- ―- 4.3 m⎟
⎝2 2 ⎠

n2 n3 solve , n3
―――＝ ―――――― ――― → 2.4924041666666666667 n3 ≔ 2.492
⎛L X⎞ ⎛L ⎛ X ⎞⎞
⎜―+ ―⎟ ⎜―- ⎜4.3 m - ―⎟⎟
⎝2 2 ⎠ ⎝2 ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠

⎛P ⎞
Momento por fila de rueda Mp ≔ ⎜―⋅ n1 + P ⋅ n2 + P ⋅ n3⎟ ⋅ m Mp = 54459.791 kg ⋅ m
⎝4 ⎠

Momento máximo sobre la viga El factor de carga es fi ≔ 1.48

Mmax2 ≔ fi ⋅ Mp Mmax2 = 80600.491 kg ⋅ m

Carga por impacto

 Carga por impacto
15.24 m
I. ≔ ――― I. = 0.272
L + 38 m clear ⎛⎝Mcvi⎞⎠

Mcvi2 ≔ Mmax2 ⋅ ((1 + I.)) Mcvi2 = 102535.338 kg ⋅ m

clear ⎛⎝x , n1 , n2 , n3⎞⎠

L
2.2.2. Momento por carga viva para x≔― x = 4.5 m
4

x ⋅ ((L - x))
n1 ≔ ―――― n1 = 3.375
L⋅m

n1 n2 solve , n2
――― ＝ ―――――― ――― → 2.3 n2 ≔ 2.3
⎛ L⎞ ⎛ L ⎞
⎜L - ― ⎟ ⎜L - ―- 4.3 m⎟
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠

n1 n3 solve , n3
――― ＝ ―――――― ――― → 1.225 n3 ≔ 1.225
⎛ L⎞ ⎛ L ⎞
⎜L - ― ⎟ ⎜L - ―- 8.6 m⎟
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠ clear ⎛⎝Mp , fi , Mmax , I.⎞⎠
⎛P ⎞
Momento por fila de rueda Mp ≔ ⎜―⋅ n1 + P ⋅ n2 + P ⋅ n3⎟ ⋅ m Mp = 31717.125 kg ⋅ m
⎝4 ⎠

Momento máximo sobre la viga El factor de carga es fi ≔ 1.48

Mmax1 ≔ fi ⋅ Mp Mmax1 = 46941.345 kg ⋅ m

Carga por impacto

15.24 m
I. ≔ ――― I. = 0.272
L + 38 m clear ⎛⎝Mcvi , x⎞⎠

Mcvi1 ≔ Mmax1 ⋅ ((1 + I.)) Mcvi1 = 59716.097 kg ⋅ m clear ⎛⎝x , n1 , n2 , n3⎞⎠

2.2.3. Momento por carga viva para x≔d x = 1.15 m

 x ⋅ ((L - x))
n1 ≔ ―――― n1 = 1.077
L⋅m

n1
n2 ≔ ――― ⋅ ((L - x - 4.3 m)) n2 = 0.802
((L - x))

n1
n3 ≔ ――― ⋅ ((L - x - 8.6 m)) n3 = 0.527
((L - x))
clear ⎛⎝Mp , fi , Mmax , I.⎞⎠
⎛P ⎞
Momento por fila de rueda Mp ≔ ⎜―⋅ n1 + P ⋅ n2 + P ⋅ n3⎟ ⋅ m Mp = 11601.631 kg ⋅ m
⎝4 ⎠

Momento máximo sobre la viga El factor de carga es fi ≔ 1.48

Mmax ≔ fi ⋅ Mp Mmax = 17170.414 kg ⋅ m

Carga por impacto

15.24 m
I. ≔ ――― I. = 0.272
L + 38 m clear ⎛⎝Mcvi , x⎞⎠

Mcvi ≔ Mmax ⋅ ((1 + I.)) Mcvi = 21843.22 kg ⋅ m clear ⎛⎝x , n1 , n2 , n3⎞⎠

L
2.2.4. Momento por carga viva para x≔― x=9 m
2
 x ⋅ ((L - x))
n1 ≔ ―――― n1 = 4.5
L⋅m

n1
n2 ≔ ――― ⋅ ((L - x - 4.3 m)) n2 = 2.35
((L - x))

n1
n3 ≔ ――― ⋅ ((L - x - 8.6 m)) n3 = 0.2
((L - x))
clear ⎛⎝Mp , fi , I.⎞⎠
⎛P ⎞
Momento por fila de rueda Mp ≔ ⎜―⋅ n1 + P ⋅ n2 + P ⋅ n3⎟ ⋅ m Mp = 26680.5 kg ⋅ m
⎝4 ⎠

Momento máximo sobre la viga El factor de carga es fi ≔ 1.48

Mmax3 ≔ fi ⋅ Mp Mmax3 = 39487.14 kg ⋅ m

Carga por impacto

15.24 m
I. ≔ ――― I. = 0.272
L + 38 m

Mcvi3 ≔ Mmax3 ⋅ ((1 + I.)) Mcvi3 = 50233.283 kg ⋅ m

2.3. Momentos y cortantes últimos de diseño

⎛ 5 ⎞
x1 ≔ 1.15 m Mu1 ≔ 1.3 ⋅ ⎜Mmax + ―⋅ Mcvi⎟ Mu1 = 69648.515 kg ⋅ m
⎝ 3 ⎠

⎛ 5 ⎞
x2 ≔ 4.5 m Mu2 ≔ 1.3 ⋅ ⎜Mmax1 + ―⋅ Mcvi1⎟ Mu2 = 190408.625 kg ⋅ m
⎝ 3 ⎠

⎛ 5 ⎞
x3 ≔ 8.282 m Mu3 ≔ 1.3 ⋅ ⎜Mmax2 + ―⋅ Mcvi2⎟ Mu3 = 326940.537 kg ⋅ m
⎝ 3 ⎠
 ⎛ 5 ⎞
x4 ≔ 9 m Mu4 ≔ 1.3 ⋅ ⎜Mmax3 + ―⋅ Mcvi3⎟ Mu4 = 160172.062 kg ⋅ m
⎝ 3 ⎠

2.4. Calculo de la armadura por flexión

Ancho efectivo

El ancho efectivo "b" que incide en la viga de H°A° la norma AASHTO lo estipula como
el menor valor de las siguientes condiciones

b ≤ 12 t + bw be1 ≔ 12 ⋅ t + bw be1 = 3.45 m

L L
b≤― be2 ≔ ― be2 = 4.5 m
4 4

b ≤ Ejes.de.vigas be3 ≔ Lc be3 = 2.05 m be ≔ 2.05 m

2.4.1. Armadura necesaria para Mu2 = 190408.625 kg ⋅ m

La profundidad del bloque de compresión será:

d1 ≔ d - d´ d1 = 1 m clear ((As , a))

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2.6144 ⋅ Mu2
a ≔ d1 - d1 2 - ―――― a = 12.653 cm
f'c ⋅ b
1.7.3. la armadura necesaria
Mu2
As ≔ ―――――― As = 45.171 cm 2
⎛ a⎞
0.9 ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d1 - ―⎟
⎝ 2⎠
Entonces clear ((As))
((25 mm )) 2
As ≔ 10 ⋅ π ⋅ ――――
4
As = 49.087 cm 2

“Usar 10 barras ϕ25mm ”

 DISEÑO DE PUENTE CON VIGA AASHTO LRFD

1. Datos del puente

Para los elementos de H°A°: Losa, bordillo, aceras, postes, vigas y diafragma, se
utilizara:

kg kg kg
f´c ≔ 250 ―― fy ≔ 5000 ―― γHA ≔ 2500 ――
cm 2 cm 2 m3

N° de carriles: Nc ≔ 2

Ancho de carril: Wcarril ≔ 4.5 m

Ancho total de la calzada: Wt ≔ 4.5 m ⋅ 2 Wt = 9 m

2. Determinación de la separación de las vigas

Para que las vigas interiores reciban la misma incidencia de la carga viva que las vigas
exteriores, la norma AASHTO estipula que los factores de carga internos y externos sean iguales

fe ＝ fi

Para la determinación de los factores de carga interna y externa, la norma AASHTO estipula el
siguiente método:
fi ＝ 0.547 ⋅ s
 solve , fe 2.0 ⋅ s + ((2.0 ⋅ a - 3.0))
fe ⋅ s ＝ 1 ⋅ ((s + a - 2.4)) + 1 ⋅ ((s + a - 0.6)) ――― → ―――――――
s

2⋅s+2⋅a-3
fe ＝ ―――――
s

3 ⋅ s + 2 ⋅ a＝9 m 2 ⋅ a＝9 m - 3 ⋅ s
2⋅s+9-3⋅s-3 solve , s ⎡ -4.3498383797684851202 ⎤
―――――― ＝ 0.547 ⋅ s ――→ ⎢
s ⎣ 2.5216848148690335663 ⎥⎦

s ≔ 2.5 m
Wt - 3 ⋅ s
a ≔ ――― a = 0.75 m
2 clear ⎛⎝Wt⎞⎠
Wt ≔ 3 ⋅ s + 2 ⋅ a Wt = 9 m

3. Diseño de losa interior

La norma AASHTO en su articulo 1.5.40 (b) recomienda la siguiente altura para la viga, esto
con la finalidad de evitar el control de deflexiones.

L ≔ 18 m
L + 2.78 m
h ≔ ―――― h = 1.154 m
18
clear ((h))
h ≔ 0.07 ⋅ L h = 1.26 m
clear ((h))
De acuerdo a estos criterios de la norma, se adopta: h ≔ 1.3 m

Debido a la longitud y la altura de la viga se adopta: bw ≔ 0.45 m

3.1. Luz de calculo de la losa interior

Según el articulo 3.24

Lc ≔ s - bw Lc = 2.05 m

3.2. Espesor de la losa

Según el articulo 8.9 para evitar el control de deflexiones el espesor de la losa será:

1.2 ⋅ ((Lc + 3000 mm ))

tmin ≔ ――――――― tmin = 0.202 m
30
 Adoptamos t ≔ 0.25 m

3.3. Carga muerta estructural

kg
Peso propio losa tablero qlosa ≔ t ⋅ γHA qlosa = 625 ――
m2

kg 2 ⋅ F1M kg
Protectores F1M ≔ 100 ― qprotectores ≔ ――― qprotectores = 22.222 ――
m Wt m2

kg 2 ⋅ F2M kg
Aceras F2M ≔ 168.75 ― qaceras ≔ ――― qaceras = 37.5 ――
m Wt m2

kg 2 ⋅ F3M kg
Bordillos F3M ≔ 242.5 ― qbordillos ≔ ――― qbordillos = 53.889 ――
m Wt m2

kg
qCM ≔ qlosa + qprotectores + qaceras + qbordillos qCM = 738.611 ――
m2

3.4. Carga muerta no estructural

kg
Capa de rodadura qrodadura ≔ 132 ――
m2

kg
qCW ≔ qrodadura qCW = 132 ――
m2
3.5. Momento por carga muerta estructural

qCM ⋅ ((a)) 2 ⋅ m
Mvoladizo ≔ ――――― Mvoladizo = 207.734 kg ⋅ m
2

3.5.1. Coeficiente de rigidez y distribución

Nudo B
3⋅m 4m
KBA ≔ ―― KBA = 1.2 KBC ≔ ―― KBC = 1.6
s s

KB ≔ KBA + KBC KB = 2.8

 KBA KBC
DBA ≔ ―― DBA = 0.429 DBC ≔ ―― DBC = 0.571
KB KB
Nudo C
4⋅m 3m
KCB ≔ ―― KCB = 1.6 KCD ≔ ―― KCD = 1.2
s s
KC ≔ KCB + KCD KB = 2.8

KCB KCD
DCB ≔ ―― DCB = 0.571 DCD ≔ ―― DCD = 0.429
KC KC

3.5.2. Momentos fijos

Nudo B
qCM ⋅ ((s)) 2 ⋅ m Mvoladizo
MFBA ≔ -――――― + ――― MFBA = -473.173 kg ⋅ m
8 2

qCM ⋅ ((s)) 2 ⋅ m
MFBC ≔ ――――― MFBC = 577.04 kg ⋅ m
8
Nudo C
qCM ⋅ ((s)) 2 ⋅ m
MFCB ≔ -――――― MFCB = -577.04 kg ⋅ m
8

qCM ⋅ ((s)) 2 ⋅ m Mvoladizo

MFCD ≔ ――――― - ――― MFCD = 473.173 kg ⋅ m
8 2

3.5.3. Calculo de momentos negativos por Cross

MCM ≔ 535.122 kg ⋅ m
3.6. Momento por carga muerta no estructural clear ⎛⎝Mvoladizo⎞⎠
qCW ⋅ ((a)) 2 ⋅ m
Mvoladizo ≔ ――――― Mvoladizo = 37.125 kg ⋅ m
2

3.6.1. Coeficiente de rigidez y distribución

Nudo B clear ⎛⎝KBA , KBC , KB , DBA , DBC⎞⎠

3⋅m 4m
KBA ≔ ―― KBA = 1.2 KBC ≔ ―― KBC = 1.6
s s

KB ≔ KBA + KBC KB = 2.8

KBA KBC
DBA ≔ ―― DBA = 0.429 DBC ≔ ―― DBC = 0.571
KB KB

Nudo C clear ⎛⎝KCB , KCD , KC , DCB , DCD⎞⎠

4⋅m 3m
KCB ≔ ―― KCB = 1.6 KCD ≔ ―― KCD = 1.2
s s

KC ≔ KCB + KCD KB = 2.8

KCB KCD
DCB ≔ ―― DCB = 0.571 DCD ≔ ―― DCD = 0.429
KC KC

3.6.2. Momentos fijos clear ⎛⎝MFBA , MFBC , MFCB , MFCD⎞⎠

Nudo B
qCW ⋅ ((s)) 2 ⋅ m Mvoladizo
MFBA ≔ -――――― + ――― MFBA = -84.563 kg ⋅ m
8 2

qCW ⋅ ((s)) 2 ⋅ m
MFBC ≔ ――――― MFBC = 103.125 kg ⋅ m
8
Nudo C
qCW ⋅ ((s)) 2 ⋅ m
MFCB ≔ -――――― MFCB = -103.125 kg ⋅ m
8

qCW ⋅ ((s)) 2 ⋅ m Mvoladizo

MFCD ≔ ――――― - ―――
 qCW ⋅ ((s)) 2 ⋅ m Mvoladizo
MFCD ≔ ――――― - ――― MFCD = 84.563 kg ⋅ m
8 2
3.6.3. Calculo de momentos negativos por Cross

MCW ≔ 95.634 kg ⋅ m

3.7. Momento por carga viva

Para determinar los momentos máximos, se utilizara la tabla A4-1 de la AASHTO LRFD, los
momentos son aplicables para tableros apoyados como mínimo sobre 3 vigas y cuyo ancho
entre los ejes de las vigas exteriores sea por lo menos 4.2m. Los factores tabulados incluyen
los factores de incremento de carga
 s = 2500 mm
N ⋅ mm
MCV. ≔ 29720 ―――
mm

MCV. ⋅ 1 kg
MCV ≔ ―――― ⋅m MCV = 3029.562 kg ⋅ m
9.81 N
3.8. Momento ultimo

Mu ≔ 1.25 ⋅ MCM + 1.5 ⋅ MCW + 1.75 ⋅ MCV Mu = 6114.086 kg ⋅ m

3.9. Calculo de la armadura

r ≔ 3 cm ϕ ≔ 1.2 cm b ≔ 100 cm
ϕ
d≔t-r-― d = 21.4 cm
2

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2.6144 ⋅ Mu
a. ≔ d - d 2 - ―――― a. = 1.55 cm
f´c ⋅ b

Mu
As ≔ ―――――― As = 6.588 cm 2
⎛ a. ⎞
0.9 ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟
⎝ 2⎠

Entonces clear ((As))

100 ((12 mm )) 2
As ≔ ―― ⋅ π ⋅ ――――
15 4

As = 7.54 cm 2 “Usar ϕ12mm c/15cm”

3.9.1. Armadura máxima y mínima

kg
6090 ⋅ ――
f´c cm 2
ρb ≔ 0.85 ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ ―― ⋅ ―――――― ρb = 0.02
fy kg
6090 ⋅ ―― + fy
cm 2
 3.9.2. Armadura máxima a flexión

Asmax ≔ 0.75 ⋅ ρb ⋅ b ⋅ d Asmax = 31.84 cm 2

3.9.3. Armadura mínima a flexión

14
Asmin ≔ ――― ⋅b⋅d Asmin = 5.992 cm 2
cm 2
fy ⋅ ――
kg

3.10. Armadura mínima por temperatura

Asmin. ≔ 0.002 ⋅ b ⋅ t Asmin. = 5 cm 2

3.11. Armadura de distribución

121
Asdistr ＝ ――≤ 67%
‾‾‾
Lc

121
Asdist ≔ ――% Asdist = 0.845 se adopta: 0.67
‾‾‾
Lc
―
m clear ⎛⎝Asdist⎞⎠

Asdist ≔ 0.67 ⋅ As Asdist = 5.052 cm 2

Entonces clear ⎛⎝Asdist⎞⎠

100 ((12 mm )) 2
Asdist ≔ ―― ⋅ π ⋅ ――――
20 4

Asdist = 5.655 cm 2 “Usar ϕ12mm c/20cm”

3.12. Armadura colocada en la losa tablero

3.12.1. AASHTO ESTANDAR

Armadura principal “Usar ϕ12mm c/20cm” As. ≔ 5.655 cm 2

Armadura de distribución “Usar ϕ10mm c/40cm” Asdist. ≔ 1.963 cm 2

3.12.2. AASHTO LRFD

Armadura principal “Usar ϕ12mm c/15cm” As = 7.54 cm 2

Armadura de distribución “Usar ϕ12mm c/20cm” Asdist = 5.655 cm 2

 DETALLES DE LA ARMADURA LOSA TABLERO

AASHTO ESTANDAR AASHTO LRFD

 4. Calculo del bordillo y de la losa en voladizo

carpeta de rodadura de asfalto 2% pr ≔ 0.075 m

a. Peso del barandado y de los postes (Pm)

kg
peso del poste por ml de la losa 70 ―
m
kg
peso del barandado de ml/losa 30 ―
m
kg kg kg
70 ― + 30 ― = 100 ―
m m m

b. Carga en la acera
kg kg
qacera ≔ 415 ―― ⋅ 0.60 m qacera = 249 ―
m2 m

4.1. Calculo del bordillo como viga longitudinal

carga de peso propio

kg kg
qCM. ≔ 0.20 m ⋅ 0.65 m ⋅ 2500 ―― qCM. = 325 ― P ≔ 7395 kg
m3 m

qCM ⋅ ((Lc))
2
MCM. ≔ ―――― ⋅m MCM. = 388.002 kg ⋅ m
8
4.1.1. Carga viva

para vigas de bordillo la norma AASHTO en su sección 3.24.8., estipula que la carga viva
debería calcularse con la siguiente formula

MCV_ ≔ 0.10 ⋅ P ⋅ Lc MCV_ = ⎛⎝1.516 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m

4.1.2. Impacto clear ((I))
15.24 15.24 m
I ＝ ――― < 0.30 I ≔ ―――― = 0.381
Lc + 38 Lc + 38 m

MI ≔ 0.30 ⋅ MCV MI = 908.869 kg ⋅ m

4.1.3. Carga viva + impacto

MCV_I ≔ 1.30 ⋅ MCV MCV_I = ⎛⎝3.938 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m

MCV_I. ≔ MCV_I MCV_I. = 3938.43 kg ⋅ m

4.1.4. Momento ultimo de diseño clear ((b , d , Mu))

r = 3 cm θ ≔ 16 mm b ≔ 0.20 m

h. ≔ 0.075 m + 0.25 m + 0.45 m h. = 77.5 cm

θ
d ≔ h. - r - ― d = 73.7 cm
2
5
γ ≔ 1.3 βδ ≔ 1 βV_I ≔ ―
3
Mu ≔ 1.3 ⋅ ⎛⎝βδ ⋅ MCM. + βV_I ⋅ MCV_I.⎞⎠ Mu = ⎛⎝9.038 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m

4.1.5. Profundidad del bloque de compresión clear ((Mu , a , As))

Mu ≔ 1.3 ⋅ ⎛⎝MCM + 1.67 ⋅ MCV_I.⎞⎠ Mu = ⎛⎝9.246 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2.6144 ⋅ Mu
a≔d- d 2 - ―――― a = 3.356 cm
f´c ⋅ b

4.1.6. Armadura necesaria

Mu
As ≔ ――――― As = 2.853 cm 2
⎛ a⎞
0.9 ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟
⎝ 2⎠
entonces clear ((As))
((12 mm )) 2
As ≔ π ⋅ ―――― ⋅4 As = 4.524 cm 2
4
“Usar 4ϕ12mm”
4.2. Losas en voladizo

4.2.1. Esfuerzo hasta la acera clear ((θ , d))

h1 ≔ 15 cm t1 ≔ h1

r = 3 cm θ ≔ 10 mm
θ
d ≔ h1 - r - ― d = 11.5 cm clear ⎛⎝P , MCV , MCM , Mu⎞⎠
2
Postes P ≔ 150 kg ⋅ 0.34 m P = 51 kg ⋅ m

P1 ≔ 225 kg ⋅ 0.78 m P1 = 175.5 kg ⋅ m

P2 ≔ 450 kg ⋅ 0.40 ⋅ m P2 = 180 kg ⋅ m

Acera A ≔ 249 kg ⋅ 0.20 m A = 49.8 kg ⋅ m

MCV ≔ P + P1 + P2 + A MCV = 456.3 kg ⋅ m

postes PO ≔ 100 kg ⋅ 0.40 m

kg
PO_1 ≔ 0.40 m ⋅ 0.15 m ⋅ 2500 ―― ⋅ 0.20 m ⋅ 1 m
m3
PO_1 = 30 kg ⋅ m

MCM ≔ PO + PO_1 MCM = 70 kg ⋅ m

observación: no se considera la carga de impacto, cuando se este diseñando aceras

Mu ≔ 1.3 ⋅ ⎛⎝MCM + 1.67 ⋅ MCV⎞⎠ Mu = ⎛⎝1.082 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m

Profundidad del bloque de compresión clear ⎛⎝a , As , Asmax , Asmin , ρb⎞⎠

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2.6144 ⋅ Mu
a≔d- d 2 - ―――― a = 2.8 cm
f´c ⋅ b

Armadura necesaria
Mu
As ≔ ――――― As = 2.38 cm 2
⎛ a⎞
0.9 ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟
⎝ 2⎠
Entonces clear ((As))
100 ((10 mm )) 2
As ≔ ―― ⋅ π ⋅ ――――
25 4
As = 3.142 cm 2 “Usar ϕ10mm c/25cm”
 Determinación de cuantías
f´c 6090
ρmax ≔ 0.85 ⋅ 0.85 ⋅ ―― ⋅ ―――― ρmax = 0.02
fy 6090 + 5000

14
ρmin ≔ ―― ρmin = 0.003
5000
Armadura máxima por flexión

Asmax ≔ 0.75 ⋅ ρmax ⋅ b ⋅ d Asmax = 3.422 cm 2

Armadura mínima por flexión

Asmin ≔ ρmin ⋅ b ⋅ d Asmin = 0.644 cm 2

Armadura por temperatura clear ⎛⎝Asmin⎞⎠

Asmin ≔ 0.002 ⋅ b ⋅ t1 Asmin = 0.6 cm 2

As
As = 3.142 cm 2 ρb ≔ ―― = 0.014
b⋅d

if ⎛⎝Asmin < As < Asmax , “cumple” , “no cumple”⎞⎠ = “cumple”

if ⎛⎝ρmin < ρb < ρmax , “cumple” , “no cumple”⎞⎠ = “cumple”

4.2.2. Esfuerzo hasta el bordillo clear ((θ))

d2 ≔ 20 cm t2 ≔ d2

r = 3 cm θ ≔ 10 mm
θ
d. ≔ d2 - r - ― d. = 16.5 cm
2
Carga muerta clear ⎛⎝MCM , MCV⎞⎠

Cm ≔ 150 kg ⋅ 0.34 m Cm = 51 kg ⋅ m
kg
Cm1 ≔ 0.40 m ⋅ 0.15 m ⋅ 2500 ―― ⋅ 0.40 m ⋅ 1 m Cm1 = 60 kg ⋅ m
m3

kg
Cm2 ≔ 0.20 m ⋅ 0.65 m ⋅ 2500 ―― ⋅ 0.10 m ⋅ 1 m Cm2 = 32.5 kg ⋅ m
m3

MCM ≔ Cm + Cm1 + Cm2 MCM = 143.5 kg ⋅ m

Cargas viva

Cv ≔ 150 kg ⋅ 0.60 m Cv = 90 kg ⋅ m

Cv1 ≔ 225 kg ⋅ 1.08 m Cv1 = 243 kg ⋅ m

Cv2 ≔ 450 kg ⋅ 0.70 m Cv2 = 315 kg ⋅ m

Cv3 ≔ 249 kg ⋅ 0.30 m Cv3 = 74.7 kg ⋅ m

Cv4 ≔ 750 kg ⋅ 0.30 m Cv4 = 225 kg ⋅ m

MCV ≔ Cv + Cv1 + Cv2 + Cv3 + Cv4 MCV = 947.7 kg ⋅ m

Momento ultimo clear ((Mu))

Mu ≔ 1.3 ⋅ ⎛⎝MCM + 1.67 ⋅ MCV⎞⎠ Mu = ⎛⎝2.244 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m

Profundidad del bloque de compresión clear ⎛⎝a , As , Asmax , Asmin , ρb⎞⎠

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2.6144 ⋅ Mu
a ≔ d. - d. 2 - ―――― a = 4.053 cm
f´c ⋅ b

Armadura necesaria
Mu
As ≔ ―――――― As = 3.445 cm 2
⎛ a⎞
0.9 ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d. - ―⎟
⎝ 2⎠
Entonces clear ((As))
100 ((12 mm )) 2
As ≔ ―― ⋅ π ⋅ ――――
25 4

As = 4.524 cm 2 “Usar ϕ12mm c/25cm”

Armadura máxima por flexión

Asmax ≔ 0.75 ⋅ ρmax ⋅ b ⋅ d. Asmax = 4.91 cm 2

Armadura mínima por flexión

Asmin ≔ ρmin ⋅ b ⋅ d. Asmin = 0.924 cm 2

Armadura por temperatura clear ⎛⎝Asmin⎞⎠

Asmin ≔ 0.002 ⋅ b ⋅ t2 Asmin = 0.8 cm 2

 As
As = 4.524 cm 2 ρb ≔ ――= 0.011
b ⋅ d2

if ⎛⎝Asmin < As < Asmax , “cumple” , “no cumple”⎞⎠ = “cumple”

if ⎛⎝ρmin < ρb < ρmax , “cumple” , “no cumple”⎞⎠ = “cumple”

5. Diseño de la viga

5.1. Momento por carga muerta

Ancho efectivo

El ancho efectivo "b" que incide en la viga de H°A° la norma AASHTO lo estipula como
el menor valor de las siguientes condiciones

b ≤ 12 t + bw be1 ≔ 12 ⋅ t + bw be1 = 3.45 m

L L
b≤― be2 ≔ ― be2 = 4.5 m
4 4

b ≤ Ejes.de.vigas be3 ≔ Lc be3 = 2.05 m be ≔ 2.05 m

5.1.1. Momento por carga muerta estructural clear ⎛⎝F1M , F2M , F3M⎞⎠
kg 1 kg
Protectores F1M ≔ 100 ― q1 ≔ 2 ⋅ F1M ⋅ ― q1 = 50 ―
m 4 m

kg 1 kg
Aceras F2M ≔ 168.75 ― q2 ≔ 2 ⋅ F2M ⋅ ― q2 = 84.375 ―
m 4 m

kg 1 kg
Bordillo F3M ≔ 245.5 ― q3 ≔ 2 ⋅ F3M ⋅ ― q3 = 122.75 ―
m 4 m
 1 kg
Losa tablero q4 ≔ t ⋅ Wt ⋅ γHA ⋅ ― q4 = 1406.25 ―
4 m

kg
Nervio de la viga q5 ≔ bw ⋅ ((h - t)) ⋅ γHA q5 = 1181.25 ―
m

kg
qcm ≔ q1 + q2 + q3 + q4 + q5 qcm = 2844.625 ―
m

5.1.2. Diafragma

Para vigas transversales de un puente (diafragma) la norma AASHTO con la finalidad de

evitar la distorsión de las vigas longitudinales, recomienda que se ubiquen a distancia de
hasta 12 metros

hd ≔ 0.8 ⋅ h hd = 1.04 m clear ⎛⎝hd⎞⎠ hd ≔ 1 m bd ≔ 0.20 m

1
diafragma PCM ≔ bd ⋅ ((4 ⋅ Lc)) ⋅ ⎛⎝hd - t⎞⎠ ⋅ γHA ⋅ ― PCM = 768.75 kg clear ⎛⎝MCM⎞⎠
4

PCM ⋅ L qcm ⋅ L 2
MCM ≔ ――― + ――― MCM = 118666.688 kg ⋅ m
4 8
5.1.3. Momento por carga muerta no estructural
1 kg
Capa de rodadura q6 ≔ 0.06 m ⋅ Wt ⋅ γHA ⋅ ― q6 = 337.5 ― clear ⎛⎝MCW⎞⎠
4 m

q6 ⋅ L 2
MCW ≔ ――― MCW = 13668.75 kg ⋅ m
8
5.1.4. Momento por carga viva
kg
Pcarril ≔ 952 ― PHL93 ≔ 7395 kg Ptandem ≔ 11220 kg
m

d1 ≔ 4.3 m d2. ≔ 0.75 m d3 ≔ 0.3 m d4 ≔ 0.9 m d5 ≔ 3.55 m

 HL-93

n2 ≔ 4.767 m n1 ≔ 2.282 m n3 ≔ 2.664 m

PHL93
Mcv1 ≔ ――⋅ ⎛⎝n1⎞⎠ + 2 ⋅ PHL93 ⋅ n2 + 2 ⋅ PHL93 ⋅ n3 Mcv1 = 118342.185 kg ⋅ m
2

tándem de diseño clear ⎛⎝n2 , n1⎞⎠

n2 ≔ 4.495 m n1 ≔ 3.915 m

Mcv2 ≔ Ptandem ⋅ n2 + Ptandem ⋅ n1 Mcv2 = 94360.2 kg ⋅ m

carril de diseño clear ⎛⎝n2 , n1⎞⎠

n2 ≔ 4.5 m
⎛ L ⋅ n2 ⎞
Mcv3 ≔ Pcarril ⋅ ⎜――⎟ Mcv3 = 38556 kg ⋅ m
⎝ 2 ⎠
 HL - 93 + Carril de diseño

MHL93 ≔ Mcv1 + Mcv3 MHL93 = 156898.185 kg ⋅ m

Tándem + Carril de diseño

MT ≔ Mcv2 + Mcv3 MT = 132916.2 kg ⋅ m

‖ if ⎛M ≤ MT⎞⎠ ∧ ⎛⎝MT ≥ MHL93⎞⎠| | = “HL - 93”

‖ ⎝ HL93 ||
‖ ‖‖ “TANDEM” ||
‖ ||
‖ else ||
‖ ‖‖ “HL - 93” | ||
‖

Mcv ≔ MHL93

5.1.5. Coeficiente de distribución del momento flector para la viga interior

hw ≔ h - t hw = 1050 mm bw = 450 mm

A1 ≔ hw ⋅ bw A1 = 472500 mm 2
hw ⋅ bw 3
I1 ≔ ――― I1 = 7973437500 mm 4
12
eg: distancia entre centros de gravedad
hw t
eg ≔ ―― +― eg = 650 mm
2 2

kg ≔ 1 ⋅ ⎛⎝I1 + A1 ⋅ eg 2 ⎞⎠ kg = 207604687500 mm 4

⎛ s ⎞ 0.60 ⎛ s ⎞ 0.20 ⎛ kg ⎞ 0.10

mgi ≔ 0.075 + ⎜―――― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜― ⎟ ⋅ ⎜―― 3 ⎟
mgi = 0.673
⎝ 2900 mm ⎠ ⎝L⎠ ⎝L⋅t ⎠

5.1.6. Coeficiente de distribución del momento flector para viga exterior

de
Donde: e ＝ 0.77 + ―― de ≔ a = 0.041 m
2800

de: es la distancia del centro de la viga exterior al bordillo

de
e ≔ 0.77 + ―――― e = 0.784
2800 mm
 mge ≔ e ⋅ mgi mge = 0.528

El factor de impacto se aplica al camión HL - 93 o al tándem de diseño, pero no aplica al

carril de diseño

5.1.7. Momento flector por carga viva + IM

El factor de incremento es 0.33 en LRFD IM ≔ 0.33

Mcv_HL93_carril ≔ mgi ⋅ Mcv Mcv_HL93_carril = 105586.426 kg ⋅ m

Mcv_impacto ≔ mgi ⋅ IM ⋅ Mcv1 Mcv_impacto = 26281.109 kg ⋅ m

Mcvi ≔ Mcv_HL93_carril + Mcv_impacto Mcvi = 131867.536 kg ⋅ m

5.1.8. Momento ultimo

n≔1 Mu. ≔ n ⋅ ⎛⎝1.25 ⋅ MCM + 1.5 ⋅ MCW + 1.75 ⋅ Mcvi⎞⎠ Mu. = 399604.672 kg ⋅ m

be = 2.05 m d7 ≔ 1.35 m

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2.6144 ⋅ Mu.
a_ ≔ d7 - d7 2 - ―――― a_ = 7.774 cm
f´c ⋅ be

Mu.
As. ≔ ―――――― As. = 67.729 cm 2
⎛ a_ ⎞
0.9 ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d7 - ―⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
Entonces clear ((As))
((25 mm ))
2 ((20 mm ))2
As ≔ 10 ⋅ π ⋅ ―――― + 7 ⋅ π ⋅ ――――
4 4

As = 71.079 cm 2 “Usar 10 barras de ϕ25mm ”

“Usar 7 barras de ϕ20mm ”

5.2. Armadura colocada en la viga

5.2.1. AASHTO ESTANDAR

Armadura “Usar 10 barras ϕ25mm ” Asviga ≔ 49.087 cm 2

5.2.2. AASHTO LRFD

Armadura “Usar 10 barras de ϕ25mm ” As = 71.079 cm 2

“Usar 7 barras de ϕ20mm ”

 DETALLES DE LA ARMADURA LOSA TABLERO

AASHTO ESTANDAR AASHTO LRFD

 6. Diseño del neopreno

6.1. Fuerza longitudinal de frenado

FL ＝ 0.05 ⋅ ((q ⋅ L + Cm)) ⋅ n

donde

FL: Fuerza longitudinal del frenado

q: Carga equivalente del vehículo
Cm: Carga concentrada para momento
L: Longitud del puente
n: Numero de fajas de trafico n. ≔ 2

Camión HL - 93 kg
q ≔ 950 ― clear ((Cm))
m
Cm ≔ 8200 kg

FL. ≔ 0.05 ⋅ ((q ⋅ L + Cm)) ⋅ n FL. = 1265 kg #vigas ≔ 4

FL.
――
2
FL ≔ ――― FL = 158.125 kg
#vigas

6.2. Fuerza debido al viento

datos de AASANA

Ráfagas de viento 100 nudos dirección NW

m
0.50 ―
s km
v ≔ 100 ⋅ ――― v = 180 ――
1 hr

v2 kg
c ≔ 1.20 qw ≔ c ⋅ ――― qw = 187.5 clear ⎛⎝qw⎞⎠ qw ≔ 200 ――
m2 m2
16 ――
s2
6.3. Fuerzas de viento en la superestructura

6.3.1. Fuerzas cuando no lleva carga viva

Área expuesta

Postes

Apostes ≔ 12 ⋅ ((0.2 m ⋅ 1.4 m)) = 3.36 m 2

Pasamanos

Apasamano ≔ 2 ⋅ ((0.15 m ⋅ L)) = 5.4 m 2

Bordillo

Abordillo ≔ 0.50 m ⋅ L = 9 m 2
Vigas

Aviga ≔ 1.21 m ⋅ L = 21.78 m 2

Área total

AT ≔ Apostes + Apasamano + Abordillo + Aviga AT = 39.54 m 2

kg
Fuerza transversal según la norma para puentes con vigas llenas: FT ≔ 250 ――
m2
clear ⎛⎝FL⎞⎠
kg
Fuerza longitudinal según la norma para puentes con vigas llenas: FL ≔ 60 ――
m2

HT ≔ FT ⋅ AT HT = 9885 kg HL ≔ FL ⋅ AT HL = 2372.4 kg

HT HL
HTM ≔ ――― HTM = 2471.25 kg HLM ≔ ――― HLM = 593.1 kg
#vigas #vigas

6.3.2. Fuerzas cuando lleva carga viva

clear ⎛⎝FL , FT⎞⎠

 clear ⎛⎝FL , FT⎞⎠

kg
Fuerza transversal según la norma para puentes con vigas llenas: FT ≔ 150 ―
m

kg
Fuerza longitudinal según la norma para puentes con vigas llenas: FL ≔ 60 ―
m
clear ⎛⎝HT , HL⎞⎠
HT ≔ FT ⋅ L HT = 2700 kg HL ≔ FL ⋅ L HL = 1080 kg

HT HL
HTV ≔ ――― HTV = 675 kg HLV ≔ ――― HLV = 270 kg
#vigas #vigas
clear ⎛⎝HT , HL⎞⎠
Total fuerza transversal HT ≔ HTV + HTM HT = 3146.25 kg

Total de fuerza longitudinal HL ≔ HLV + HLM HL = 863.1 kg

6.4. Determinar las deformaciones longitudinales

6.4.1. Deformación por temperatura

ΔT ≔ 40 ct ≔ 1 ⋅ 10 -5

Δl ≔ ct ⋅ L ⋅ ΔT Δl = 0.72 cm

Δl
Δ´l ≔ ― Δ´l = 0.36 cm
2
6.4.2. Cargas actuantes en el neopreno

⎛⎝q1 + q2 + q3⎞⎠ ⋅ L
Protectores Pprotector ≔ ――――― Pprotector = 2314.125 kg
2

Capa rodadura
q6 ⋅ L
Prodadura ≔ ―― Prodadura = 3037.5 kg
2
Losa tablero
q4 ⋅ L
Plosa ≔ ―― Plosa = 12656.25 kg
2
Viga
q5 ⋅ L
Pnervio ≔ ―― Pnervio = 10631.25 kg
2
Diafragma
PCM
Pdiafragma ≔ ―― Pdiafragma = 384.375 kg
2
 QT ≔ Pprotector + Prodadura + Plosa + Pnervio + Pdiafragma QT = 29023.5 kg

kg
Carga muerta distribuida en cada viga es: qcm = 2844.625 ―
m

Carga puntual por diafragma es: PCM = 768.75 kg

qcm ⋅ L PCM
Qdist ≔ ――― Qdist = 25601.625 kg Qpuntual ≔ ―― Qpuntual = 384.375 kg
2 2

QCM ≔ Qdist + Qpuntual QCM = 25986 kg

Considerando carga viva

Prara camión HL - 93

Peso camión Wcamion ≔ 32660 kg

Peso total W ≔ Wcamion ⋅ n. W = 65320 kg

Q´
Q´ ≔ W ⋅ 0.5 Q´ = 32660 kg QCV ≔ ――― QCV = 8165 kg
#vigas
6.4.3. Carga total actuante en el neopreno

N ≔ QCM + QCV N = 34151 kg

HT
HT. ≔ ―― HT. = 1573.125 kg HL. ≔ 1000 kg
2

HT_ ≔ 1600 kg

6.4.4. Diseño del neopreno

 Adoptamos a1 ≔ 40 cm a: dimensión menor del neopreno paralelo al trafico

b1 ≔ 40 cm b: dimensión mayor del neopreno paralelo al trafico

kg
Ycadm ≔ 100 ―― Fatiga máxima admisible en compresión del neopreno
cm 2

6.4.5. Tensión media de compresión

N kg
Yc ≔ ―― Yc = 21.344 ―― Yc ≤ Ycadm
a 1 ⋅ b1 cm 2

El espesor del neopreno debe estar entre estos valores:

a1 a1
12 < ―< 22 asumiendo e. ≔ 2 cm ―= 20
e. e.

12 < 20 < 22 OK e. = 2 cm

6.4.6. El neopreno seleccionado será de dureza shore 60

kg
Gn: modulo de elasticidad transversal del neopreno Gn ≔ 10 ――
cm 2

⎛ a1 ⎞ 2 kg
En: modulo elástico del neopreno En ≔ 0.8 ⋅ Gn ⋅ ⎜―⎟ En = 3200 ――
⎝ e. ⎠ cm 2

6.4.7. Tensión de cizallamiento entre el neopreno y la placa metálica

kg
Yadm: fatiga admisible de cizallamiento Yadm ≔ 30 ――
cm 2

kg
Yn: tensión de compresión transversal del neopreno Yn ≔ 10 ――
cm 2

a 1 ⋅ b1
Fforma ≔ ――――― Fforma = 5
2 ⋅ ⎛⎝a1 + b1⎞⎠ ⋅ e.

Yc kg kg
YC ≔ 1.5 ⋅ ――― YC = 6.403 ―― 3 ⋅ Yn = 30 ――
Fforma cm 2 cm 2

YC < 3 ⋅ Yn OK
6.4.8. Calculo de la distorsión angular

Si la fuerza longitudinal corresponde a esfuerzos instantáneos (frenado, viento, etc.)

tagy ≤ 1.20
HL.
tagy ≔ ―――― tagy = 0.063
a1 ⋅ b1 ⋅ Gn

6.4.9. Calculo de la altura del neopreno

Δ: deformación máxima horizontal Δ ≔ 0.25 cm

2⋅Δ
hn ≔ ―― hn = 8 cm
tagy

Se usaran 7 placas de neopreno e=1.5cm con 7 placas de e=1mm

6.4.10. Calculo de la tensión de tracción de la placa de acero

kg
Ytadm: tensión admisible de la placa Ytadm ≔ 1400 ――
cm 2

t: espesor de la placa de acero t. ≔ 0.1 cm

1.5 cm kg kg
Yt ≔ 0.75 ⋅ ――― ⋅ 40 ―― Yt = 450 ――
t. cm 2 cm 2

6.4.11. Calculo del coeficiente de rozamiento

μ ≔ 0.40 coeficiente de rozamiento entre el neopreno y la viga

HL. HL.
μ - ―― ≤ 0.40 ―― = 0.029
N N

6.4.12. Deformación vertical de la capa de neopreno

Considerando la ley de Hooke

kg kg
En = ⎛⎝3.2 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ ―― Yc. ≔ 40 ―― e_ ≔ 1.5 cm
cm 2 cm 2

Yc.
Δe. ≔ ―― ⋅ e_ Δe. = 0.019 cm
En
 Deformación total

Δe ≔ 7 ⋅ Δe. Δe = 0.131 cm
clear ((Δe))
Yc ⎛ 1.5 cm ⎞ 2
Δe ≔ 4.741 ⋅ e_ ⋅ ――⋅ ⎜――― ⎟ Δe = 0.013 cm
3 ⋅ Yn ⎝ 30 cm ⎠

Δh ≔ 7 ⋅ Δe Δh = 0.089 cm

Deformación total Δh = 0.089 cm

7. Diseño de estribos

7.1. Dimensiones del muro de contención clear ((h , ϕ)) clear ((c , q , L))

t1 ≔ 0.5 m h1 ≔ 0.6 m t2 ≔ 0.2 m H ≔ 4.2 m ϕ ≔ 30 deg

B ≔ 2.3 m t3 ≔ 1 m t4 ≔ 1.2 m h3 ≔ 0.5 m h2 ≔ 3.1 m

kg kg kg
PNF ≔ 2.5 m γc ≔ 2500 ―― c ≔ 0.27 ―― qa ≔ 2 ―― h ≔ 0.8 m
m3 cm 2 cm 2

kg kg kg kg
q ≔ 1000 ―― γw ≔ 1000 ―― γs ≔ 1900 ―― γsat ≔ γs - γw = 900 ――
m2 m3 m3 m3
 Losa de aproximación L≔3 m e2 ≔ 0.2 m
kg kg
Puente losa PV ≔ 5000 ― PM ≔ 3000 ―
m m
e1 ≔ 0.4 m

7.2. Empuje activo del suelo

q
hq ≔ ― hq = 0.526 m
γs

⎛ ⎛ ϕ ⎞⎞ 2
ka ≔ ⎜tan ⎜45 deg - ―⎟⎟ ka = 0.333 coeficiente empuje activo
⎝ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎠

kg
σ1 ≔ ka ⋅ γs ⋅ hq σ1 = 333.333 ――
m2

kg
σ2 ≔ ka ⋅ γs ⋅ ((2.5 m + hq)) σ2 = ⎛⎝1.917 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ ――
m2

kg
σ3 ≔ σ2 + ka ⋅ γsat ⋅ ((H - 2.5 m)) σ3 = ⎛⎝2.427 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ ――
m2

Ea1 ≔ σ1 ⋅ H ⋅ 1 m Ea1 = ⎛⎝1.4 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg

1
Ea2 ≔ ―⋅ ((σ2 - σ1)) ⋅ 2.5 m ⋅ 1 m Ea2 = ⎛⎝1.979 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg
2

Ea3 ≔ ((σ2 - σ1)) ⋅ ((H - 2.5 m)) ⋅ 1 m Ea3 = ⎛⎝2.692 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg

1
Ea4 ≔ ―⋅ ((σ3 - σ2)) ⋅ ((H - 2.5 m)) ⋅ 1 m Ea4 = 433.5 kg
2
7.3. Empuje pasivo del suelo
⎛ ϕ ⎞2
kp ≔ ⎜tan ((45)) deg + ―⎟ kp = 0.084 coeficiente empuje pasivo
⎝ 2⎠

kg 1
σ4 ≔ kp ⋅ γs ⋅ h = 127.894 ―― Ep ≔ ―⋅ σ4 ⋅ h ⋅ 1 m = 51.157 kg
m2 2
7.4. Momentos Estabilizantes

Suelo W1 ≔ t4 ⋅ ((γsat ⋅ ((H - h1 - PNF)) + γs ⋅ ((PNF - 0.7 m)))) ⋅ 1 m

W1 = ⎛⎝5.292 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg

W2 ≔ ((t4 - t2)) ⋅ ((γs ⋅ h3 ⋅ 1 m))

W2 = 950 kg

Muro de contención W3 ≔ γc ⋅ t2 ⋅ h3 ⋅ 1 m W3 = 250 kg

W4 ≔ γc ⋅ 3.4 m ⋅ t1 ⋅ 1 m W4 = ⎛⎝4.25 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg

W5 ≔ γc ⋅ B ⋅ h1 ⋅ 1 m W5 = ⎛⎝3.45 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg

Puente W6 ≔ ((1.2 ⋅ PM + 1.6 ⋅ PV)) ⋅ m W6 = ⎛⎝1.16 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ kg

Losa de aproximación W7 ≔ 1 m ⋅ e2 ⋅ t4 ⋅ γc W7 = 600 kg

⎛ t4 ⎞ ⎛ t4 - t2 ⎞
Me1 ≔ W1 ⋅ ⎜B - ―⎟ = ⎛⎝8.996 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m Me2 ≔ W2 ⋅ ⎜B + ――― ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

⎛ t2 ⎞ ⎛ t1 ⎞
Me3 ≔ W3 ⋅ ⎜t3 + t1 + ―⎟ = 400 kg ⋅ m Me4 ≔ W4 ⋅ ⎜t3 + ―⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2⎠

⎛B⎞
Me5 ≔ W5 ⋅ ⎜―⎟ Me5 = ⎛⎝3.968 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m
⎝2⎠
 ⎛ t1 ⎞
Me6 ≔ W6 ⋅ ⎜t3 + ―⎟ Me6 = ⎛⎝1.45 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m
⎝ 2⎠

⎛ t4 ⎞
Me7 ≔ W7 ⋅ ⎜B - ―⎟ Me7 = ⎛⎝1.02 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m
⎝ 2⎠

MeT ≔ Me1 + Me2 + Me3 + Me4 + Me5 + Me6 + Me7 = ⎛⎝3.686 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m

7.5. Momentos Volcadores

H
Mv1 ≔ Ea1 ⋅ ― Mv1 = ⎛⎝2.94 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m
2

⎛ PNF ⎞
Mv2 ≔ Ea2 ⋅ ⎜H - PNF + ――⎟ Mv2 = ⎛⎝5.014 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m
⎝ 3 ⎠

⎛ H - PNF ⎞
Mv3 ≔ Ea3 ⋅ ⎜―――⎟ Mv3 = ⎛⎝2.288 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m
⎝ 2 ⎠

((H - PNF))
Mv4 ≔ Ea4 ⋅ ―――― Mv4 = 245.65 kg ⋅ m
3
MvT ≔ Mv1 + Mv2 + Mv3 + Mv4 MvT = ⎛⎝1.049 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m
7.6. Verificación al Volcamiento
MeT
Fsv ≔ ――= 3.514 CUMPLE (ES MAYOR A 2)
MvT

7.7. Verificación al Deslizamiento

Fr ＝ SV ⋅ f + c ⋅ b + Ep f ≔ tan ((ϕ)) = 0.577

Fd ≔ Ea1 + Ea2 + Ea3 + Ea4 Fd = ⎛⎝6.504 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg

SV ≔ W1 + W2 + W3 + W4 + W5 + W6 + W7 SV = ⎛⎝2.639 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ kg

Fr ≔ SV ⋅ f Fr = ⎛⎝1.524 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ kg Sin considerar Ep

Fr
FsD ≔ ―― = 2.343 CUMPLE (ES MAYOR A 1.5)
Fd

Fr´ ≔ SV ⋅ f + Ep Fr´ = ⎛⎝1.529 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ kg Considerando Ep

Fr´
FsD´ ≔ ―― = 2.351 CUMPLE (ES MAYOR A 2)
Fd

7.8. Determinación de la resultante y su ubicación

V ≔ SV = ⎛⎝2.639 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ kg

Ho ≔ Fd = ⎛⎝6.504 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg

R ≔ ‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
V 2 + Ho 2 R = ⎛⎝2.718 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ kg

clear ((e))
MeT - MvT B
X ≔ ――――= 0.999 m e ≔ ―- X = 0.151 m
V 2

Núcleo central de la fundación

clear ((L))
B B
L≔1 m ―= 0.383 m e≤―
6 6
7.9. Esfuerzos en el terreno
V 6⋅V⋅e ⎛ kg kg
σmax ≔ ――+ ――― = ⎝1.599 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ ―― qa = ⎛⎝2 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ ――
B⋅L 2
B ⋅L m2 m2

V 6⋅V⋅e ⎛ 3 ⎞ kg
σmin ≔ ――- ――― = ⎝6.959 ⋅ 10 ⎠ ――
B⋅L B2 ⋅ L m2
7.10. Dimensionamiento de la pantalla de HoAo

7.10.1. Sección 1-1 H1 ≔ h2 + h3 = 3.6 m clear ((σ3 , Ea1 , Ea2 , Ea3 , Ea4))
kg kg
σ1 = 333.333 ―― σ2 = ⎛⎝1.917 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ ――
m2 m2

kg
σ3 ≔ σ2 + ka ⋅ γsat ⋅ ((H - PNF + h1)) σ3 = ⎛⎝2.607 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ ――
m2
Ea1 ≔ σ1 ⋅ H1 ⋅ 1 m Ea1 = ⎛⎝1.2 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg

1
Ea2 ≔ ―⋅ ((σ2 - σ1)) ⋅ PNF ⋅ 1 m Ea2 = ⎛⎝1.979 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg
2

Ea3 ≔ ((σ2 - σ1)) ⋅ ((H1 - PNF)) ⋅ 1 m Ea3 = ⎛⎝1.742 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg

1
Ea4 ≔ ―⋅ ((σ3 - σ2)) ⋅ ((H1 - PNF)) ⋅ 1 m Ea4 = 379.5 kg
2

7.10.2. Verificación al corte sección 1-1

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
kg kg
VCadm ≔ 0.53 ⋅ f´c ⋅ ―― VCadm = ⎛⎝8.38 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ ――
cm 2 m2

Qu ≔ 1.7 ⋅ ((Ea1 + Ea2 + Ea3 + Ea4)) Qu = ⎛⎝9.011 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg

clear ((ϕ , d , b))
 clear ((ϕ , d , b))
1.6
d ≔ t1 - 7.5 cm - ―― cm = 41.7 cm ϕ ≔ 0.85 b≔1 m
2

Qu kg
VC ≔ ――― VC = ⎛⎝2.542 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ ―― VC ≤ VCadm
ϕ⋅b⋅d m2

⎛ H1 ⎞ ⎛ PNF ⎞ ⎛ H1 - PNF ⎞ ⎛ H1 - PNF ⎞

M ≔ Ea1 ⋅ ⎜―― ⎟ + Ea2 ⋅ ⎜H1 - PNF + ――⎟ + Ea3 ⋅ ⎜―――― ⎟ + Ea4 ⋅ ⎜―――― ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝ 3 ⎠

M = ⎛⎝7.083 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m clear ((Mu , ϕ , a , As))

Mu ≔ 1.7 ⋅ M Mu = ⎛⎝1.204 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m ϕ ≔ 0.9

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2.6144 ⋅ Mu
a≔d- d 2 - ―――― a = 1.538 cm
f´c ⋅ b

Mu
As ≔ ――――― As = 6.538 cm 2
⎛ a⎞
ϕ ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟
⎝ 2⎠
clear ((ϕ , As))
2
“Usar ϕ12mm c/10cm” As ≔ 11.31 cm

As
La cuantía del muro es ρ ≔ ―― = 0.003
b⋅d

7.10.3. Verificación con las cuantías límites β1 ≔ 0.85

14 m4
ρmin ≔ ――― ρmin = ⎛⎝5.813 ⋅ 10 -4⎞⎠ ――
cm 2 kg
fy ⋅ ――
kg

⎛ f´c 6090 ⎞
ρmax ≔ 0.75 ⋅ ⎜0.85 ⋅ β1 ⋅ ―― ⋅ ―――――― 2 ⎟
ρmax = 0.015
⎜ fy cm
6090 + fy ⋅ ――⎟
⎜⎝ kg ⎟⎠

7.10.4. Armadura mínima por temperatura

Asmin ≔ 0.002 ⋅ b ⋅ t2 Asmin = 4 cm 2

7.11. Dimensionamiento zapata

clear ((σ1 , σ2 , W3 , VCadm))

t4 = 1.2 m

kg
σ1 ≔ 0.52 ――
cm 2

kg
σ2 ≔ 0.95 ――
cm 2

7.11.1. Verificación al corte

1m
q1 ≔ ((σ2 - σ1)) ⋅ t4 ⋅ ―― + t4 ⋅ σ1 ⋅ 1 m q1 = ⎛⎝8.82 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg
2
W1 = ⎛⎝5.292 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg

W2 = 950 kg

W3 ≔ γc ⋅ t4 ⋅ h1 ⋅ 1 m = ⎛⎝1.8 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg W3 = ⎛⎝1.8 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg

Q ≔ q1 - W1 - W2 - W3 Q = 778 kg

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
kg kg
VCadm ≔ 0.53 ⋅ f´c ⋅ ―― VCadm = ⎛⎝8.38 ⋅ 10 4 ⎞⎠ ――
cm 2 m2
clear ((ϕ , d , b , VC , M , Mu , a , As))
1.6
d ≔ h1 - 7.5 cm - ―― cm = 51.7 cm ϕ ≔ 0.85 b≔1 m
2

Q kg
VC ≔ ――― VC = ⎛⎝1.77 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ ―― VC ≤ VCadm
ϕ⋅b⋅d m2

7.11.2. Diseño a flexión

⎛ 1 m ⎞ t4 t4
Mq1 ≔ ⎜((σ2 - σ1)) ⋅ t4 ⋅ ―― ⎟ ⋅ ―+ ((t4 ⋅ σ1 ⋅ 1 m)) ⋅ ―
⎝ 2 ⎠ 3 2
 Mq1 = ⎛⎝4.776 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m
t4
MW1 ≔ W1 ⋅ ― MW1 = ⎛⎝3.175 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m
2

t4
MW2 ≔ W2 ⋅ ― MW2 = 570 kg ⋅ m
2

t4
MW3 ≔ W3 ⋅ ― MW3 = ⎛⎝1.08 ⋅ 10 3 ⎞⎠ kg ⋅ m
2

M ≔ Mq1 - MW1 - MW2 - MW3 M = -49.2 kg ⋅ m

Mu ≔ -1.7 ⋅ M Mu = 83.64 kg ⋅ m

‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾‾
2.6144 ⋅ Mu
a≔d- d 2 - ―――― a = 0.008 cm
f´c ⋅ b

Mu
As ≔ ――――― = 0.038 cm 2 As = 0.038 cm 2
⎛ a⎞
ϕ ⋅ fy ⋅ ⎜d - ―⎟
⎝ 2⎠ clear ((ϕ , As , ρ , β1 , ρmax , ρmin , Asmin))

“Usar ϕ12mm c/8cm” As ≔ 13.57 cm 2

As
La cuantía del muro es ρ ≔ ―― = 0.003
b⋅d

7.11.3. Verificación con las cuantías límites β1 ≔ 0.85

14 m4
⎛⎝5.813 ⋅ 10 -4⎞⎠ ―― m4
ρmin ≔ ――― = ρmin = ⎛⎝5.813 ⋅ 10 -4⎞⎠ ――
cm 2 kg kg
fy ⋅ ――
kg

⎛ f´c 6090 ⎞
ρmax ≔ 0.75 ⋅ ⎜0.85 ⋅ β1 ⋅ ―― ⋅ ―――――― 2 ⎟
ρmax = 0.015
⎜ fy cm
6090 + fy ⋅ ――⎟
⎜⎝ kg ⎟⎠
7.11.4. Armadura mínima por temperatura

Asmin ≔ 0.002 ⋅ b ⋅ h1 Asmin = 12 cm 2

7.12. Armadura Longitudinal

Si t > 25 cm se debe usar As longitudinal en dos capas

Parte del Muro clear ((t , As))

t ≔ t1 = 0.5 m
7.12.1. Armadura mínima por temperatura

As ≔ 0.002 ⋅ b ⋅ t = 10 cm 2 clear ((As , t))

“Usar ϕ10mm c/14cm” As ≔ 5.5 cm 2

En dos capas AsTotal ≔ 2 ⋅ As = 11 cm 2

Parte de la Zapata

t ≔ h1 = 0.6 m clear ((As))

7.12.2. Armadura mínima por temperatura

As ≔ 0.002 ⋅ b ⋅ t = 12 cm 2 clear ((As , AsTotal))

“Usar ϕ10mm c/12.5cm” As ≔ 6.28 cm 2

En dos capas AsTotal ≔ 2 ⋅ As = 12.56 cm 2

DETALLES DE LA ARMADURA