TABLAS ESTADISTICAS

Tabla 1. Areas bajo la curva normal estándar1

Area Area en Area en una Area Area en dos Area en una

z entre dos colas cola z entre colas cola
–z y +z < -z y > +z < -z o > +z –z y +z < -z y > +z < -z o > +z
0.00 0.000 1.000 0.500 1.55 0.879 0.121 0.061
0.05 0.040 0.960 0.480 1.60 0.890 0.110 0.055
0.10 0.080 0.920 0.460 1.6452 0.900 0.100 0.050
0.15 0.119 0.881 0.440 1.65 0.901 0.099 0.049
0.20 0.159 0.841 0.421 1.70 0.911 0.089 0.045
0.25 0.197 0.803 0.401 1.75 0.920 0.080 0.040
0.30 0.236 0.764 0.382 1.80 0.928 0.072 0.036
0.35 0.274 0.726 0.363 1.85 0.936 0.064 0.032
0.40 0.311 0.689 0.345 1.90 0.943 0.057 0.029
0.45 0.347 0.653 0.326 1.95 0.949 0.051 0.026
0.50 0.383 0.617 0.309 1.962 0.950 0.050 0.025
2.00 0.954 0.046 0.023
0.55 0.418 0.582 0.291 2.05 0.960 0.040 0.020
0.60 0.451 0.549 0.274 2.10 0.964 0.036 0.018
0.65 0.484 0.516 0.258 2.15 0.968 0.032 0.016
0.70 0.516 0.484 0.242 2.20 0.972 0.028 0.014
0.75 0.547 0.453 0.227 2.25 0.976 0.024 0.012
0.80 0.576 0.424 0.212 2.30 0.979 0.021 0.011
0.85 0.605 0.395 0.198 2.3262 0.980 0.020 0.010
0.90 0.632 0.368 0.184 2.35 0.981 0.019 0.009
0.95 0.658 0.342 0.171 2.40 0.984 0.016 0.008
1.002 0.683 0.317 0.159 2.45 0.986 0.014 0.007
2.50 0.988 0.012 0.006
1.05 0.706 0.294 0.147 2.55 0.989 0.011 0.005
1.10 0.729 0.271 0.136 2.5752 0.990 0.010 0.005
1.15 0.750 0.250 0.125 2.60 0.991 0.009 0.005
1.20 0.770 0.230 0.115 2.65 0.992 0.008 0.004
1.25 0.789 0.211 0.106 2.70 0.993 0.007 0.003
1.282 0.800 0.200 0.100 2.75 0.994 0.006 0.003
1.30 0.806 0.194 0.097 2.80 0.995 0.005 0.003
1.35 0.823 0.177 0.089 2.85 0.996 0.004 0.002
1.40 0.838 0.162 0.081 2.90 0.996 0.004 0.002
1.45 0.853 0.147 0.074 2.95 0.997 0.003 0.002
1.50 0.866 0.34 0.067 3.00 0.997 0.003 0.001

1
Biometrica Tables for Statisticians , 3ª ed.
2
Los valores de uso frecuente están en negritas
Tabla2. Distribución t de Student Acumulativa
P 1-P
t(v)
tp
P
g.l.
0.75 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 0.975 0.990 0.995 0.9995
1 1.0005 1.376 1.963 3.078 6.314 12.706 31.821 63.657 636.619
2 0.816 1.061 1.386 1.836 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 31.598
3 0.765 0.978 1.250 1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 12.941
4 0.741 0.941 1.190 1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 8.610
5 0.727 0.920 1.156 1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 6.859
6 0.718 0.906 1.134 1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 5.959
7 0.711 0.896 1.119 1.415 1.895 2.3-65 2.998 3.499 5.405
8 0.706 0.889 1.108 1.397 1.860 2.306 2.896 3.355 5.041
9 0.703 0.883 1.100 1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 4.781
10 0.700 0.879 1.093 1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 4.58Z
11 0.697 0.876 1.088 1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 4.437
12 0.695 0.873 1.083 1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 4.318
13 0.694 0.870 1.079 1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 4.221
14 0.692 0.868 1.076 1.345 1.761 2.145 2.624 2.977 4.140
15 0.6.91 0.866 1.074 1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 4.073
16 0.690 0.866 1 .071 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.584 2.921 4.015
17 0.689 0.863 1.069 1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.965
18 0.688 0.862 1.067 1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.922
19 0.688 0.861 1.066 1.328 1.729 2.093 2.540 2.861 3.883
20 0.687 0.860 1.064 1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.850
21 0.686 0.859 1.063 1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 3.819
22 0.686 0.858 1.961 1.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 3.792
23 0.685 0.858 1.060 1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 3.767
24 0.685 0.857 1.059 1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.745
25 0.684 0.856 1.058 1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 3.725
26 0.684 0.856 1.058 1.315 1.706 2.056 2.477 2.779 3.707
27 0.684 0.855 1.057 1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 3.690
28 0.683 0.855 1.056 1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 3.674
29 0.683 0.854 1.055 1.311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756 3.659
30 0.683 0.854 1.055 1.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750 3.646
35 0.682 0.852 1.052 1.306 1.690 2.030 2.438 2.724 3.591
40 0.681 0.851 1.050 1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 3.551
45 0.680 0.850 1.048 1.301 1.680 2.014 2.412 2.690 3.520
50 0.680 0.849 1.047 1.299 1.676 2.008 2.403 2.678 3.496
55 0.679 0.849 1.047 1.297 1.673 2.004 2.396 2.669 3.476
60 0.679 0.848 1.046 1.296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.600 3.460
70 0.678 0.847 1.045 1.294 1.667 1 .994 2.381 2.648 3.435
80 0.678 0.847 1.044 1.293 1.665 1.990 2.374 2.638 3.416
90 0.678 0.846 1.043 1.291 1 .662 1 .987 2.368 2.632 3.402
109 0.677 0.846 1.042 1.290 1.661 1.984 2.364 2.626 3.390
200 0.676 0.844 1.039 1.286 1 .653 1.972 2.445 2..601 3.340
300 0.676 0.843 1.038 1 .285 1.650 1.968 2.437 2.592 3.323
400 0.676 0.843 1.038 1.284 1.649 1.966 2.434 2.588 3.315
500 0.676 0.843 1.037 1.284 1 .648 1.965 2.432 2.586 3.310
1000 0.675 0.842 1.037 1.283 1.647 1.962 2.427 2.581 3.301
 0.67449 0.84162 1.03643 1.28155 1.64485 1.95996 2.32630 2.57582 3.29053
Tabla 3a. Distribución Ji- Cuadrada Acumulativa
P 1-P

2(v)
2 p

P
g.l.
0.0005 0.001 0.005 0.01 0.025 0.05 0. 10 0.20 0.30 0.40
1 0.06393 0.05157 0.04393 0.03157 0.02982 0.01393 0.0158 0.0642 0.148 0.275
2 0.02100 0.01200 0.0100 0.0201 0.0506 0.103 0.211 0.446 0.71 1.02
3 0.0153 0.0243 0.0717 0.115 0.216 0.352 0.584 1 .00 1.42 1.87
4 0.0639 0.0908 0.207 0.297 0.484 0.711 1.06 1.65 2.19 2.75
5 0.158 0.210 0.412 0.554 0.831 1.15 1.61 2.34 3.00 3.66
6 0.299 0.381 0.676 0.872 1.24 1.64 2.20 3.07 3.83 4.57
7 0.485 0.598 0.989 1.24 1.69 2.17 2.83 3.82 4.67 5.49
8 0,710 0.857 1.34 1 .65 2.18 2.73 3.49 4.59 5.53 6.42
9 0.972 1.15 1.73 2.09 2.70 3.33 4.17 5.38 6.39 7.36
10 1.26 1.48 2.16 2.56 3.25 3.94 4.87 6.18 7.27 8.30
11 1.59 1.83 2.60 3.05 3.82 4.57 5.58 6.99 8.15 9.24
12 1.93 2.21 3.07 3.57 4.40 5.23 6.30 7,81 9.03 10.2
13 2.31 2.62 3.57 4.11 5.01 5.89 7.04 8.63 9.93 11 .1
14 2.70 3.04 4.07 4.66 5.63 6.57 7.79 9.47 10.8 12.1
15 3.11 3.48 4.60 5.23 6.26 7.26 8.55 10.3 11.7 13.0
16 3.54 3.94 5.14 5.81 6.91 7.96 9.31 11 .2 12.6 14.0
17 3.98 4.42 5.70 6.41 7.56 8.67 10.1 12.0 13.5 14.9
18 4.44 4.90 6.26 7.01 8.23 9.39 10.-9 12.9 14.4 15.9
19 4.91 5.41 6.84 7.63 8.91 10.1 11.7 13.7 15.4 16.9
20 5.40 5.92 7.43 8.26 9.50 10.9 12.4 14.6 16.3 17.8
21 5.90 6.45 8.03 8.90 10.3 11.6 13.2 15.4 17.2 18.8
22 6.40 6.98 8.64 9.54 11.0 12.3 14.0 16.3 18.1 19.7
23 6.92 7.53 9.26 10.2 11.7 13.1 14.8 17.2 19.0 20.7
24 7.45 8.08 9.89 10.9 12.4 13.8 15.7 18.1 19.9 21.7
25 7.99 8.65 10.5 11.5 13.1 14.6 16.5 18.9 20.9 22.6
26 8.54 9.22 11.2 12.2 13.8 15.4 17.3 19.,8 21.8 23.6
27 9.09 9.80 11.8 12.9 14.6 16.2 18.1 20.7 22.7 24.5
28 9.66 10.4 12.5 13.6 15.3 16.9 18.0 21.6 23.6 25.5
29 10.2 11.0 13.1 14.3 16.0 17.7 19.8 22.5 24.6 26.5
30 10.8 11.6 13.8 15.0 16.8 18.5 20.6 23.4 25.5 27.4
31 11.4 12.2 14.5 15.7 17.5 19.3 21.4 24.3 26.4 28.4
32 12.0 12.8 15.1 16.4 18.3 20.1 22.3 25.1 27.4 29.4
33 12.6 13.4 15.8 17.1 19.0 20.9 23.1 26.0 28.3 30.3
34 13.2 14.1 16.5 17.8 19.8 21.7 24.0 26.9 29.2 31.3
35 13.8 14.7. 17.2 18.5 20.6 22.5 24.8 27.8 30.2 32.3
36 14.4 15.3 17.9 19.2 21.3 23.3 25.6 28.7 31.1 33.3
37 15.0 16.0 18.6 20.0 22.1 24.1 26.5 29.6 32.1 34.2
38 15.6 16.6 19.3 20.7 22.9 24.9 27.3 30.5 33.0 55.2
39 16.3 17.3 20.0 21.4 23.7 25.7 28.2 31.4 33.0 36.2
40 16.9 17.9 20.7 22.2 24.4 26.5 29.1 32.3 34.9 37.1
41 17.5 18.6 21.4 22.9 25.2 27.3 29.9 33.3 35.8 38.1
42 18.2 19.2 22.1 23.7 26.0 28.1 30.8 34.2 36.8 39.1
43 18.8 19.9 22.9 24.4 26.8 29.0 31.6 35.1 37.7 40.0
44 19.5 20.6 23.6 25.1 27.6 29.8 32. 5 36.0 38.6 41.0
45 20.1 21.3 24.3 25.9 28.4 30.6 33.4 36.9 39.6 42.0
46 20.8 21.9 25.0. 26.7 29.2 31.4 34.2 37.8 40.5 43.0
47 21.5 22.6 25.8 27.4 30.0 32.3 35.1 38.7 41.5 43.9
48 22.1 23.3 26.5 28.2 30.8 33.1 35.9 39.6 42.4 44.9
49 22.8 24.0 27.2 28.9 31.6 33.9 36.8 40.5 43.4 45.9
50 23.5 24.7 28.0 29.7 32.4 34.8 37.7 41.4 44.3 46.9
Tabla3b. Distribución Ji- Cuadrada Acumulativa
P 1-P

2(v)
2 p

g.l. P
0.50 0.6.0 0.70 0.80 0.90 0.95 0.975 0.99 0.995 0.999 0. 9995
1 0.455 0. 708 1 .07 1 .64 2. 71 3.84 5.02 6.63 7.88 10.8 12.1
2 1.39 1.83 2.41 3.22 4.61 5.99 7.38 9.21 10.6 13.8 15.2
3 2.37 2.95 3.67 4.64 6.25 7.81 9.35 11 .3 12.8 16.3 17.7
4 3.36 4.04 4.88 5.99 7.78 9.49 11.1 13.3 14.9 18.5 20.0
5 4.36 5.13 6.06 7.29 9.24 11.1 12.8 15.1 16.7 20.5 22.1
6 5.35 6.21 7.23 8.56 10.6 12.6 14.4 16.8 18.5 22.5 24.1
7 6.35 7.28 8.38 9.80 12.0 14. 1 16.0 18.5 20.3 24.3 26.0
8 7.34 8.35 9.52 11.9 13.4 15.5 17.5 20.1 22.0 26.1 27.9
9 8.34 9.41 10.7 12.2 14.7 16.9 19.0 21 .7 23.6 27.9 29.7
10 9.34 10.5 11 .8 13.4 16.'0 18.3 20.5 23.2 25.2 29.6 31 .4
11 10.3 1.1.5 12.9 14.6 17.3 19.7 21.9 24.7 26.8 31.3 33.1
12 11.3 T2.6 14.0 15.8 18.5 21.0 23.3 26.2 28.3 32.9 34.8
13 12.3 13.6 15.1 17.0 19.8 22.4 24.7 27.7 29.8 34.5 36.5
14 13.3 14.7 16.2 18.2 21.1 23.7 26.1 29.1 31.3 36.1 38.1
15 14.3 15.7 17.3 19.3 22.3 25.0 27.5 30.6 32.8 37.7 39.7
16 15.3 16.8 18.4 20.5 23.5 26.3 28.8 32.0 34.3 39.3 41.3
17 16.3 17.8 19.5 21.6 24.8 27.6 30.2 33.4 35.7 40.8 42.9
18 17.3 18.9. 20.6 22.8 26.0 28.9 31.5 34.8 37.2 42.3 44.4
19 18.3 19.9 21.7 23.9 27.2 30.1 32.9 36.2 38.6 43.8 46.0
20 19.3 21.0 22.8 25.0 28.4 31.4 34.2 37.2 40.0 45.3 47.5
21 20.3 22.0 23.9 26.2 29.6 32.7 35.5 38.9 41.4 46.8 49.0
22 21.3 23.0 24.9 27.3 30.8 33.9 36.8 40.3 42.8 48.3 50.5
23 22.3 24.1 26.0 28.4 32.0 35.2 38.1 41 .6 44.2 49.7 52.0
24 23.3 25.1 27.1 29.6 33.2 36.4 39.4 43.0- 45.6 51.2 53.5
25 24.3 26.1 28.2 30.7 34.4 37.7 40.6 44.3 46.9 52.6 54.9
26 25.3 27.2 29.2 31.8 35.6 38.9 41 .9 45.6 48.3 54.1 56.4
27 26.3 28.2 30.3 32.9 36.7 40.1 43.2 47.0 49.6 55.5 57.9
28 27.3 29.2 31.4 34.0 37.9 41 .3 44.5 48.3 51.0 56.9 59.3
29 28.3 30.3 32.5 35.1 39.1 42.6 45.7 49.6 52.3 58.3 60.7
30 29.3 31.3 33.5 36.3 40.3 43.8 47.0 50.9 53.7 59.7 62.2
31 30.3 32.3 '34.6 37.4 41.4 45.0 48.2 52.2 55.0 61.1 63.6
32 31.3 33.4 35.7 38.5 42.6 46.2 49.5 53.5 56.3 62.5 65.0
33 32.3 34.4 36.7 39.6 43.7 47.4 50.7 54.8 57.6 63.9 66.4
34 33.3 35.4 37.8 40.7 44.9 48.6 52.0 56.1 59.0 65.2 67.8
35 34.3 36.5 38.9 41.8 46.1 49.8 53.2 57.3 60.3 66.6 69.2
36 35.3 37.5 39.9 42.9 47.2 51.0 54.4 58.6 61.6 68.0 70.6
37 36.3 38.5 41 .0 44.0 48.4 52.2 55.7 59.9 62.9 69.3 72.0
38 37.3 39.6 42.0 45.1 49.5 53.4 56.9 61.2 64.2 70.7 73.4
39 38.3 40.6 43.1 46.2 50.7 54.6 58.1 62.4 65.5 72.1 74.7
40 39.3 41 .6 44.2 47.3 51.8 55.8 59.3 63.7 66.8 73.4 76.1
41 40.3 42.7 45.2 48.4 52.9 56.9 60.6 65.0- 68.1 74.7 77.5
42 41.3 43.7 46.3 49.5 54.1 58.1 61 .8 66.2 69.3 76.1 78.8
43 42.3 44.7 47.3 50.5 55.2 59.3 63.0 67.5 70.6 77.4 80.2
44 43.3 45.7 48.4 51.6 56.4 60.5 64.2 68.7 71.9 78.7 81.5
45 44.3 46.8 49.5 52.7 57.5 61.7 65.4 70.0 73.2 80.1 82.9
46 45.3 47.8 50.5 53.8 58.6 62.8 66.6 71.2 74.4 81.4 84.2
47 46.3 48.8 51.6 54.9 59.8 64.0 67.8 72.4 75.7 82.7 85.6
48 47.3 49.8 52.6 56.0 60.9 65.2 69.0 73.7 77.0 84.0 86.9
49 48.3 50.9 53.7 57.1 62.0 66.3 70.2 74.9 78.2 85.4 88.2
50 49.3 51.9 54.7 58.2 63.2 67.5 71.4 76.2 79.5 86.7 80.6
Tabla C2: CUANTILAS DE LA PRUEBA DE KOLMOGOROV SMIRNOV

p (Prueba bilateral) p
n .80 .90 .95 .98 .99 n .80 .90 .95 .98 .99
1 .900 .950 .975 .990 .995 21 .226 .259 .287 .321 .344
2 .684 .776 .842 .900 .929 22 .221 .253 .281 .314 .337
3 .565 .636 .708 .785 .829 23 .216 .247 .275 .307 .330
4 .493 .565 .624 .689 .734 24 .212 .242 .269 .301 .323
5 .447 .509 .563 .627 .669 25 .208 .238 .264 .295 .317

6 .410 .468 .519 .577 .617 26 .204 .233 .259 .290 .311
7 .381 .436 .483 .538 .576 27 .200 .229 .254 .284 .305
8 .358 .410 .454 .507 .542 28 .197 .225 .250 .279 .300
9 .339 .387 .430 .480 .513 29 .193 .221 .246 .275 .295
10 .323 .369 .409 .457 .489 30 .190 .218 .242 .270 .290

11 .308 .352 .391 .437 .468 31 .187 .214 .238 .266 .285
12 .296 .338 .375 .419 .449 32 .184 .211 .234 .262 .281
13 .285 .325 .361 .404 .432 33 .182 .208 .231 .258 .277
14 .275 .314 .349 .390 .418 34 .179 .205 .227 .254 .273
15 .266 .304 .338 .377 .404 35 .177 .202 .224 .251 .269
16 .258 .295 .327 .366 .392 36 .174 .199 .221 .247 .265
17 .250 .286 .318 .355 .381 37 .172 .196 .218 .244 .262
18 .244 .279 .309 .346 .371 38 .170 .194 .215 .241 .258
19 .237 .271 .301 .337 .361 39 .168 .191 .213 .238 .255
20 .232 .265 .294 .329 .352 40 .165 .189 .210 .235 .252
1 .07 1 .22 1 .36 1 .52 1 . 63
Aproximación para n > 40 n n n n n
Tabla C3: Cuantilas del test estadístico para normalidad de Lilliefors

P
n 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 0.99
4 0.300 0.319 0.352 0.381 0.417
5 0.285 0.299 0.315 0.337 0.405
6 0.265 0.277 0.294 0.319 0.364
7 0.247 0.258 0.276 0.300 0.348
8 0.233 0.244 0.261 0.285 0.331
9 0.223 0.233 0.249 0.271 0.311
10 0.215 0.224 0.239 0.258 0.294
11 0.206 0.217 0.230 0.249 0.284
12 0.199 0.212 0.223 0.242 0.275
13 0.190 0.202 0.214 0.234 0.268
14 0.183 0.194 0.207 0.227 0.261
15 0.177 0.187 0.201 0.220 0.257
16 0.173 0.182 0.195 0.213 0.250
17 0.169 0.177 0.189 0.206 0.245
18 0.166 0.173 0.184 0.200 0.239
19 0.163 0.169 0.179 0.195 0.235
20 0.160 0.166 0.174 0.190 0.231
25 0.142 0.147 0.158 0.173 0.200
30 0.131 0.136 0.144 0.161 0.187
 30 0 .736 0 .768 0 .805 0 .886 1.031
n n n n n
 Tabla C7: Cuantilas del test estadístico de Spearman

n P=0.900 P=0.950 P=0.975 P=0.990 P=0.995 P=0.999

4 .8000 .8000
5 .7000 .8000 .9000 .900
6 .6000 .7714 .8286 .8857 .9429
7 .5357 .6786 .7450 .8571 .8929 .9643
8 .5000 .6190 .7143 .8095 .8571 .9286
9 .4667 .5833 .6833 .7667 .8167 .9000
10 .4424 .5515 .6364 .7333 .7818 .8667
11 .4182 .5273 .6091 .7000 .7455 .8364
12 .3986 .4965 .5804 .6713 .7273 .8182
13 .3791 .4780 .5549 .6429 .6978 .7912
14 .3626 .4593 .5341 .6220 .6747 .7670
15 .3500 .4429 .5179 .6000 .6536 .7464
16 .3382 .4265 .5000 .5824 .6324 .7265
17 .3260 .4118 .4853 .5637 .6152 .7083
18 .3148 .3994 .4716 .5480 .5975 .6904
19 .3070 .3895 .4579 .5333 .5825 .6737
20 .2977 .3789 .4451 .5203 .5684 .6586
21 .2909 .3688 .4351 .5078 .5545 .6455
22 .2829 .3597 .4241 .4963 .5426 .6318
23 .2767 .3518 .4150 .4852 .5306 .6186
24 .2704 .3435 .4061 .4748 .5200 .6070
25 .2646 .3362 .3977 .4654 .5100 .5962
26 .2588 .3299 .3894 .4564 .5002 .5856
27 .2540 .3236 .3822 .4481 .4915 g.5757
28 .2490 .3175 .3749 .4401 .4828 .5660
29 .2443 .3113 .3685 .4320 .4744 .5567
30 .2400 .3059 .3620 .4251 .4665 .5479

Para n > 30 las cuantilas p se pueden aproximar por

Zp
wp  donde Z p es la cuantila p de la normal estándar
n 1

Las cuantilas inferiores wp (p ≤ 0.10) se obtienen por simetría, es decir

wp = - w1-p
ESTIMACION POR INTERVALO
Intervalo de confianza Tamaño de muestra
Parámetro Requisitos (1- )

Varianza 2 conocida  Poblac. grande

-Todo n de población Normal L  x  Z 1 / 2 Z2 S2
Media - n grande de cualquier n n  1  / 22
E
población Poblac. finita
Varianza 2 desconocida S n0
 - n grande (n  30) de L  x  Z 1  / 2 n
n n
cualquier población 1 0
N
Varianza 2 desconocida S
L  x  t 1 / 2
2
- n  30 de población Z S2
n0  1  / 22
Normal n E
Varianza
( n  1) S 2 ( n  1) S 2
 2 La población es normal Li  Ls 
 12 / 2  2 / 2
Poblac grande.
p(1  p )
Proporción Población grande
Muestra grande
L  p  Z 1  / 2 Z2 p(1  p )
n 0  1  / 2 2
n E
P
n0
n Poblac finita
Población finita
p (1  p )  N  n  n
1 0
Muestra grande L  p  Z 1  / 2   N
n  N 1 
 Parámetro Requisitos Intervalo de confianza (1- )
Varianzas 21, 22 conocidas
 12  22
-Todo n1, n2 de poblaciones L  ( x 1  x 2 )  Z 1 / 2  x 1  x 2 x 1 x2
 
normales. n1 n2
Diferencia de -n1 30, n2 30 en general
medias
Varianzas 21, 22 s12 s 22
1 - 2 desconocidas
L  ( x 1  x 2 )  Z 1 / 2 S x 1  x 2 S x1  x 2  
n1 n2
- n1 30, n2 30

Varianzas 21, 22

Desconocidas
L  ( x 1  x 2 )  t 1 / 2 S x 1  x 2
-n1<30, n2< 30 de poblaciones
( n1  1) S 12  ( n2  1) S 22 1 1
normales S x1  x 2  
n1  n2  2 n1 n2

Diferencia de Muestras grandes de cada L  ( p1  p 2 )  Z 1   / 2 S p 1  p 2

Proporciones población.

P1 – P2 p1 (1  p1 ) p 2 (1  p 2 )
S p 1 p 2  
n1 n2
 PRUEBA DE HIPÓTESIS
Distribución de Decisión:
HIPOTESIS Requisitos Estadística La estadística Rechazar H0
de la prueba Si H0 es cierta Al nivel  si
Varianza 2 conocida x  0 a) Z  -Z1- ó Z  Z1-
H0:  = 0 -Todo n de población Normal Z  Normal b) Z  Z1-
- n grande de cualquier población / n N(0,1) c) Z  -Z1-
a) H1:   0 2 a) Z  -Z1- ó Z  Z1-
Varianza desconocida x  0 Normal
b) H1:   0
- n grande (n  30) de cualquier Z  b) Z  Z1-
población S/ n N(0,1) c) Z  -Z1-
c) H1:   0 Varianza 2 desconocida x  0 a) T  -t1- ó T  t1-
- n  30 de población Normal T t-Student b) T  t1-
S/ n t(n -1) c) T  -t1-
H0: 2 = 20 a) X2   2 / 2 ó X2   12 / 2
a) H1: 2  20 La población es normal
( n  1) S 2  2( n 1) b) X2   12
b) H1: 2  20 X 2

c) H1: 2  20  02 c) X2   2
H0: P = P0 p  P0 Normal
a) H1: P  P0 Muestra grande Z  a) Z  -Z1- ó Z  Z1-
P0 (1  P0 )  N  n 
b) H1: P  P0   N(0,1) b) Z  Z1-
c) H1: P  P0 n  N 1 c) Z  -Z1-
H0: P1 = P2 p1  p 2 x1  x 2 a) Z  -Z1- ó Z  Z1-
a) H1: P1  P2 Muestras grandes de poblaciones Z   1
; p
n1  n 2 b) Z  Z1-
1 
b) H1: P1  P2 independientes P (1  p )    c) Z  -Z1-
 n1 n 2 
c) H1: P1  P2 Z es N(0,1)
H0: 12 = 220 Muestras de poblaciones
a) H1: 12  220 S12 a) F  F2 ó F  F 
b) H1: 12  220
independientes, cada una con
distribución normal. F  F(n1-1, n2-1)
b) F  F 
c) H1: 12  220
S 22 c) F  F 
 Varianzas 21, 22 conocidas ( x1  x 2 )
Z  Normal a) Z  -Z1- ó Z  Z1-
2 2
-Todo n1, n2 de poblaciones normales  1  2 b) Z  Z1-
- n1  30, n2  30 de cualquier  N(0,1) c) Z  -Z1-
a)H0: 1- 2 = 0
n1 n2
población
H1: 1 - 2 0 Varianzas 21, 22 desconocidas ( x1  x 2 )
Z  Normal a) Z  -Z1- ó Z  Z1-
- n1  30, n2  30 de cualquier S 12 S 22 b) Z  Z1-

b)H0: 1 - 2  0 población n1 n2 N(0,1) c) Z  -Z1-
H1: 1- 2  0
( x1  x 2 )
Varianzas 21, 22 desconocidas, pero T  es t ( n1 n 2  2 ) a) T  -t1- ó T  t1-
1 1
semejantes Sp 
c)H0: 1 - 2  0 n1 n 2
b) T  t1-
H1: 1 - 2  0 - n1  30, n2  30 de poblaciones ( n1  1) S  ( n 2  1) S
2 2
S 2p  1 2
normales n1  n 2  2 c) T  -t1-

Varianzas 21, 22 desconocidas y  S12 S 22 

2

diferentes ( x1  x 2 )    a) T  -t1- ó T  t1-

T   n1 n2 
v 2
- n1  30, n2  30 de poblaciones S 12 S 22
    
S12
n1
2
S 22
n2
2
b) T  t1-
normales n1 n 2 n1  1 n2  1
c) T  -t1-
T es t(v)
Prueba Ji-Cuadrado de Homogeneidad

H0: No hay diferencia en la distribución de los grupos, según la variable X

H1: Los grupos tienen distribuciones diferentes

r c n  E ij 
2 r c n ij
2

X     E n
2 ij
Eij = ni Cj/ n X² es 2(r-1 x s-1) ; Rechazar H0 si X2   12
i 1 j 1 E ij i 1 j 1 ij

Prueba Ji-Cuadrado de Independencia

H0: No existe relación entre las variables X e Y H1: Existe relación entre las variables X e Y

r c n  E ij 
2 r c n ij
2

X     E n
2 ij
Eij = Ri Cj/ n X² es 2(r-1 x s-1) ; Rechazar H0 si X2   12
i 1 j 1 E ij i 1 j 1 ij

Análisis de correlación

a) Prueba de correlación de Pearson b) Prueba de correlación de Spearman

H0 :  = 0 H1 :   0 H 0 : s = 0 H 1 : s  0
Estadística Estadística

r n2 S X r Yr
T  es t ( n  2 ) rs  donde Xr y Yr son los rangos de los datos
1  r² S X r S Yr

r
S XY
S XY 
XY i i  nXY
Decisión: De la tabla C7 de cuantilas wp para la correlación de Spearman
S X SY n1
Rechazar H0 al nivel , si rs  W/2 o rs  W1 - /2
Modelo de Regresión lineal bivariante: Yi   0   1 X i   i

S xy SCE
Estimadores ˆ 0  y  ˆ1 x ; ˆ1  ˆ   S e 
S 2
x n2

SCR SCE
Y SCE   Yi 2  ˆ 0  Yi  ˆ1  X iYi ;
2
R²   1 ; SCT  i
2
 nY ; SCT=SCR+SCE
SCT SCT

Intervalo de confianza para los parámetros L  ˆ i  t1 / 2 S ˆ i ; S ˆ  S e

X 2
i
; S ˆ  S e
1
0
n ( n  1) S 2
X
1
( n  1) S X2
Prueba de hipótesis
H 0 :  i   i* H 1 :  i   i*
Estadística

( ˆ i   i* )
T  es t ( n  k ) si H 0 es cierta
S e a ii

Análisis de significancia del modelo

H0: 1 = 0 La variable X no es significativa para explicar a la variable Y, esto es, el modelo no es significativo para explicar a Y
H1: 1  0 La variable X es significativa para explicar a la variable Y, esto es, el modelo es significativo para explicar a la variable Y

Estadística
ˆ1 r n2
T es t ( n  2 ) si H 0 es cierta que equivale a T es t ( n  2 ) si H 0 es cierta
S ˆ1
1 r2